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McNeese, Michael D., Elena Theodorou, Lori Ferzandi, Tyrone Jefferson und Xun Ge. „Distributed Cognition in Shared Information Spaces“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, Nr. 3 (September 2002): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600371.
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This study examined higher order perception, cognition, and individual-cultural differences as a basis for the rapid use of knowledge in complex problems requiring distributed team members. Previous research suggests that when complex problem-solving teams acquire perceptually anchored knowledge and engage in perceptual contrasts and comparisons, team members may spontaneously access knowledge given similarly situated problems. Our premise is that perceptual anchors may provide the basis for formulating shared mental models, which can be used to assess situations and resolve differences in individual, unique knowledge. However, distributed cognition settings may diminish the development of these models despite the advantages of perceptual anchors. Because distributed cognition often incurs through shared information spaces, this study utilized chatrooms to enact a distributed environment. Initial analyses partially support previous research (McNeese, 2000) that has examined the role of cognitive processes in facilitating knowledge acquisition and transfer. Individual problem solvers show positive transfer but distributed team members do not. Gender and ethnicity may also impact acquisition and transfer results. Results suggest the need for intelligent interfaces/collaborative technologies to improve effectiveness and efficiency in appropriating perceptual differentiation in distributed cognition.
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González, Juan C., Paul Bach-y-Rita und Steven J. Haase. „Perceptual recalibration in sensory substitution and perceptual modification“. Cognitive Technologies and the Pragmatics of Cognition 13, Nr. 3 (20.12.2005): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.13.3.05gon.
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This paper analyzes the process of perceptual recalibration (PR) in light of two cases of technologically-mediated cognition: sensory substitution and perceptual modification. We hold that PR is a very useful concept — perhaps necessary — for explaining the adaptive capacity that natural perceptive systems display as they respond to functional demands from the environment. We also survey critically related issues, such as the role of learning, training, and nervous system plasticity in the recalibrating process. Attention is given to the interaction between technology and cognition, and the case of epistemic prostheses is presented as an illustration. Finally, we address the following theoretical issues: (1) the dynamic character of spatial perception; (2) the role of functional demands in perception; (3) the nature and interaction of sensory modalities. We aim to show that these issues may be addressed empirically and conceptually — hence, the usefulness of sensory-substitution and perceptual-modification studies in the analysis of perception, technologically-mediated cognition, and cognition in general.
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Lowenthal, F. „Can handicapped subjects use perceptual symbol systems?“ Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, Nr. 4 (August 1999): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99402146.
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It is very tempting to try to reconcile perception and cognition perceptual symbol systems may be a good way to achieve this; but is there actually a perception-cognition continuum? We offer several arguments for and against the existence of such a continuum and in favor of the choice of perceptual symbol systems. One of these arguments is purely theoretical, some are based on PET-scan observations and others are based on research with handicapped subjects who have communication problems associated with cerebral lesions. These arguments suggest that modal perceptual symbols do indeed exist and that perception and cognition might have a common neuronal basis; but perceptual and cognitive activities require the activation of different neuronal structures.
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Rodríguez-Martínez, Guillermo. „Perceptual reversals and creativity: is it possible to develop divergent thinking by modulating bistable perception?“ Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación 13, Nr. 1 (15.02.2023): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16064.
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The purpose of this article was to examine the relations that exist between bistable perception and divergent thinking, taking as a reference that flexibility emerges in both mechanisms, perceptually or cognitively. To achieve the objective, a literary review was carried out using six databases. The keywords used were: bistable perception, perceptual reversals, insight, creative cognition, creative flexibility, perceptual flexibility. 19 articles on the relationship between bistable perception, flexibility and creativity were found. 44 studies regarding both bistable perception and the mechanisms that are involved while cognitive flexibility emerges were considered. 2 reviews on bistable perception were also included. 6 articles related to creativity as a cognitive phenomenon were collated, plus another 3 on perceptual processes. After having made the analysis, it is concluded that the modulating mechanisms of bistable perception have a possibility of being incorporated to develop creativity from perceptual reconfiguration processes that involve flexibility mechanisms.
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Sun, Shengxi, Nannan Zhang, Mengting Li und XinQi Dong. „Associations Between Smoking and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Older Adults in Chicago“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.505.
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Abstract Previous studies on smoking and cognition reported mixed findings. The inconsistent results are partially explained by the fact that they were limited to specific populations and using different cognitive function measurements. This association between smoking and cognition has rarely been studied in the rapidly increasing U.S. Chinese older adults. This study aims to determine if smoking status and smoking amount are associated with global cognition and cognitive domains in U.S. Chinese older adults. Data was extracted PINE. Five cognitive function tests (East Boston Memory Test, East Boston Memory Delayed Recall, Digital Backward test, Symbol digit Modality Test, and MMSE) were used to measure cognitive domains including episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed. Five cognitive tests were converted to z scores and averaged to generate global cognition. Self-reported smoking status was used for generating smoking status and smoking amount (pack-years). Linear regression was used. The results showed that former smokers had lower global cognition (b=-0.111, SE=0.053, p<.05) and perceptual speed (b=-0.185, SE=0.066, p<.01) than never smokers; current smokers had lower global cognition (b=-0.240, SE=0.060, p<.001), working memory (b=-0.340, SE=0.083, p<.001) and perceptual speed (b=-0.370, SE=0.075, p<.001) compared with never smokers. Smoking pack-years is negatively associated with global cognition (b=-0.003, SE=0.001,p<.001), episodic memory (b=-0.005, SE=0.001, p<.001), and perceptual speed (b=-0.004, SE=0.001, p<.001). Findings revealed that among all smokers, current smokers had the worst cognition and heavier smoking was associated with worse cognition. Policymakers could take measures in lowering smoking amount among U.S. Chinese older adults to protect their cognition.
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Grishakova, Marina, und Siim Sorokin. „Notes on narrative, cognition, and cultural evolution“. Sign Systems Studies 44, Nr. 4 (31.12.2016): 542–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2016.44.4.04.
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Drawing on non-Darwinian cultural-evolutionary approaches, the paper develops a broad, non-representational perspective on narrative, necessary to account for the narrative “ubiquity” hypothesis. It considers narrativity as a feature of intelligent behaviour and as a formative principle of symbolic representation (“narrative proclivity”). The narrative representation retains a relationship with the “primary” pre-symbolic narrativity of the basic orientational-interpretive (semiotic) behaviour affected by perceptually salient objects and “fits” in natural environments. The paper distinguishes between implicit narrativity (as the basic form of perceptual-cognitive mapping) of intelligent behaviour or non-narrative media, and the “narrative” as a symbolic representation. Human perceptual-attentional routines are enhanced by symbolic representations: due to its attention-monitoring and information-gathering function, narrative serves as a cognitive-exploratory tool facilitating cultural dynamics. The rise of new media and mass communication on the Web has thrown the ability of narrative to shape the public sphere through the ongoing process of negotiated sensemaking and interpretation in a particularly sharp relief.
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Liu, Xiaoran, Todd Beck, Klodian Dhana, Puja Agarwal, Christy Tangney, Denis Evans und Kumar Rajan. „Association of Whole Grain Consumption and Cognitive Function in Biracial Population Sample“. Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (Juni 2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.040.
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Abstract Objectives We aim to 1) examine the association of whole grain consumption and rate of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, episodic memory and 2) test whether these associations differ by race/ethnicity. Methods We included 4,719 participants from a biracial population-based sample, the Chicago Health and Aging Project (62% African Americans [AAs], 63% female) who responded to a FFQ and with two or more cognitive assessments and a follow-up up to 10 years. We excluded those with extreme BMI (<14 or >55) and implausible caloric intakes (<500 kcal or > 3800 kcal for women, < 800 kcal or > 4200 kcal for men), or entire page or >50% items unanswered. Global cognition was assessed using a composite score of episodic memory, perceptual speed, and the MMSE. Diet was assessed by FFQ. Mixed models were adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status, calorie intake, cognitive activities, cardiovascular diseases, time since baseline, and the interaction term of time with each covariate. Results On average, AAs had higher whole grain consumption (1.3 ± 1.03 servings/d) than European Americans (EAs, 0.9 ± 0.8 servings/d, P < 0.05). Higher consumption of whole grains was associated with a slower global cognitive decline (P for trend 0.004). Specifically, the association of whole grain consumption and slower rate of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory was observed in AAs, but not among EAs. Among AAs, those in the highest quintile had a 38% slower rate of decline in global cognition (β = 0.024, P = 0.004), 54% for perceptual speed (β = 0.023, P = 0.006), and 70% for episodic memory (β = 0.028, P = 0.015) compared to those in the lowest quintile. In terms of the amount consumed, in AAs, participants who consumed >3 servings/d versus those who consumed < 1 serving/d, had a slower rate of decline in global cognition (38% slower, P = 0.0093), perceptual speed (79% slower, P = 0.014) and episodic memory (65% slower, P = 0.014). In EAs with >3 servings/d, we did not find a significant association in global cognitive decline (38% slower, P = 0.08) than those who consumed < 1 serving/d. Conclusions Whole grain consumption is suboptimal in the study population. Improving the consumption of whole grains can lower rate of decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory, especially among AAs. Funding Sources R01AG03154, R01AG051635, RF1AG057532, R01AG058679.
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Chadha, Monima. „Perceptual Cognition: A Nyaya-Kantian Approach“. Philosophy East and West 51, Nr. 2 (2001): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2001.0021.
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McFarland, Dennis J., und Anthony T. Cacace. „Defining perception and cognition“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, Nr. 3 (Juni 1999): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99432029.
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Discussions of the relationship between perception and cognition often proceed without a definition of these terms. The sensory-modality specific nature of low-level perceptual processes provides a means of distinguishing them from cognitive processes. A more explicit definition of terms provides insight into the nature of the evidence that can resolve questions about the relationship between perception and cognition.
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Liu, Xiaoran, Todd Beck, Klodian Dhana, Pankaja Desai, Kristin R. Krueger, Christy C. Tangney, Thomas M. Holland, Puja Agarwal, Denis A. Evans und Kumar B. Rajan. „Association of Whole Grain Consumption and Cognitive Decline“. Neurology 101, Nr. 22 (28.11.2023): e2277-e2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000207938.
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Background and Objectives To examine the association of whole grain consumption and longitudinal change in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory by different race/ethnicity. Methods We included 3,326 participants from the Chicago Health and Aging Project who responded to a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), with 2 or more cognitive assessments. Global cognition was assessed using a composite score of episodic memory, perceptual speed, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Diet was assessed by a 144-item FFQ. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association of intakes of whole grains and cognitive decline. Results This study involved 3,326 participants (60.1% African American [AA], 63.7% female) with a mean age of 75 years at baseline and a mean follow-up of 6.1 years. Higher consumption of whole grains was associated with a slower rate of global cognitive decline. Among AA participants, those in the highest quintile of whole grain consumption had a slower rate of decline in global cognition (β = 0.024, 95% CI [0.008–0.039], p = 0.004), perceptual speed (β = 0.023, 95% CI [0.007–0.040], p = 0.005), and episodic memory (β = 0.028, 95% CI [0.005–0.050], p = 0.01) compared with those on the lowest quintile. Regarding the amount consumed, in AA participants, those who consumed >3 servings/d vs those who consumed <1 serving/d had a slower rate of decline in global cognition (β = 0.021, 95% CI [0.005–0.036], p = 0.0093). In White participants, with >3 servings/d, we found a suggestive association of whole grains with global cognitive decline when compared with those who consumed <1 serving/d (β = 0.025, 95% CI [−0.003 to 0.053], p = 0.08). Discussion Among AA participants, individuals with higher consumption of whole grains and more frequent consumption of whole grain had slower decline in global cognition, perceptual speed, and episodic memory. We did not see a similar trend in White adults.
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Burtscher, Michael J., und Jeannette Oostlander. „Perceived Mutual Understanding (PMU)“. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000360.
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Abstract. Team cognition plays an important role in predicting team processes and outcomes. Thus far, research has focused on structured cognition while paying little attention to perceptual cognition. The lack of research on perceptual team cognition can be attributed to the absence of an appropriate measure. To address this gap, we introduce the construct of perceived mutual understanding (PMU) as a type of perceptual team cognition and describe the development of a respective measure – the PMU-scale. Based on three samples from different team settings ( NTotal = 566), our findings show that the scale has good psychometric properties – both at the individual as well as at the team-level. Item parameters were improved during a multistage process. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analyses indicate that PMU is a one-dimensional construct. The scale demonstrates sufficient internal reliability. Correlational analyses provide initial proof of construct validity. Finally, common indicators for inter-rater reliability and inter-rater agreement suggest that treating PMU as a team-level construct is justified. The PMU-scale represents a convenient and versatile measure that will potentially foster empirical research on perceptual team cognition and thereby contribute to the advancement of team cognition research in general.
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Davies, I. R. L. „Colour-cognition is more universal than colour-language“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, Nr. 2 (Juni 1997): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97301423.
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We acknowledge that empirical support for universal colour categories in colour cognition is insufficient: it relies too heavily on Rosch-Heider's work with the Dani. We offer new evidence supporting universal perceptual-cognitive colour categories. The same data also support language modulating colour-cognition: Universal structures are fine-tuned by language.
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Ransom, Madeleine. „Expert Knowledge by Perception“. Philosophy 95, Nr. 3 (29.05.2020): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819120000157.
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AbstractDoes the scope of beliefs that people can form on the basis of perception remain fixed, or can it be amplified with learning? The answer to this question is important for our understanding of why and when we ought to trust experts, and also for assessing the plausibility of epistemic foundationalism. The empirical study of perceptual expertise suggests that experts can indeed enrich their perceptual experiences through learning. Yet this does not settle the epistemic status of their beliefs. One might hold that the background knowledge of experts is the cause of their enriched perceptual experience – what is known as cognitive permeation – and so their subsequent beliefs are only mediately justified because they are epistemically dependent on this background knowledge. I argue against this view. Perceptual expertise is not the result of cognitive permeation but is rather the result of perceptual learning, and perceptual learning does not involve cognition in a way that entails cognitive permeation. Perceptual expertise thus provides a means of widening the scope of the immediately justified beliefs that experts can form.
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Maglio, Paul P. „Beyond embodiment: Cognition as interactive skill“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1997): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97361615.
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The target article makes a compelling case for the idea that agents rely on the world for external memory in fast-paced perceptual tasks. As I argue, however, agents also rely on the external environment for computational hardware that helps to keep cognitive computations tractable. Hence the external world provides not only memory for computations involving perceptual system actions, but it provides domain-level actions that figure in cognitive computations as well.
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Namy, Laura L., und Lynne C. Nygaard. „Perceptual-motor constraints on sound-to-meaning correspondence in language“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2008): 528–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005190.
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AbstractThe proposal that language has evolved to conform to general cognitive and learning constraints inherent in the human brain calls for specification of these mechanisms. We propose that just as cognition appears to be grounded in cross-modal perceptual-motor capabilities, so too must language. Evidence for perceptual-motor grounding comes from non-arbitrary sound-to-meaning correspondences and their role in word learning.
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Wu, Xiao Li. „Cognitive Stratified Model on Misperception in Human-Computer Interaction“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.849.
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From the perspective of the corresponding relationship between cognition and error, we have established misperception model through Error-Cognition model stratification. The analysis reveals that cognitive stratified model are inherently related to these cognitive theories: Conceptually-Matching Theory, Schema Model, Perceptual Selected Model, Attentional Load Theory, etc. Finally, we can draw a conclusion that the study on internal mechanism of user error can improve user recognition, reduce cognitive difficulty and decrease error rates.
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Zwaan, Rolf A. „Embodied cognition, perceptual symbols, and situation models“. Discourse Processes 28, Nr. 1 (Januar 1999): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01638539909545070.
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Ferrari, Vera, Margaret M. Bradley, Maurizio Codispoti und Peter J. Lang. „Detecting Novelty and Significance“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, Nr. 2 (Februar 2010): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21244.
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Studies of cognition often use an “oddball” paradigm to study effects of stimulus novelty and significance on information processing. However, an oddball tends to be perceptually more novel than the standard, repeated stimulus as well as more relevant to the ongoing task, making it difficult to disentangle effects due to perceptual novelty and stimulus significance. In the current study, effects of perceptual novelty and significance on ERPs were assessed in a passive viewing context by presenting repeated and novel pictures (natural scenes) that either signaled significant information regarding the current context or not. A fronto-central N2 component was primarily affected by perceptual novelty, whereas a centro-parietal P3 component was modulated by both stimulus significance and novelty. The data support an interpretation that the N2 reflects perceptual fluency and is attenuated when a current stimulus matches an active memory representation and that the amplitude of the P3 reflects stimulus meaning and significance.
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Kolaiti, Patricia. „Perceptual relevance and art: Some tentative suggestions“. Journal of Literary Semantics 49, Nr. 2 (26.11.2020): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jls-2020-2022.
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AbstractA fundamental assumption in relevance theory is that human cognition has evolved in the direction of increased efficiency and, as such, tends, as Sperber and Wilson (Relevance: Communication and cognition, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995: 38–46, 260–66) put it in their cognitive principle, to be naturally geared towards the maximisation of relevance. The cognitive principle inter alia explains the selectivity of human agency and attention: for an input to merit the attention of the human cognitive system, it must seem relevant enough to be worth attending to. But what makes an input relevant? The relevance-theoretic account proposes that relevance for an individual organism at any specific time involves a balancing of mental effort and a particular type of worthwhile modifications, cognitive effects, that are representational in nature and amount to improvements in knowledge. The type of relevance yielded by such effects could be described as a cognitive type of relevance. However, inputs such as artistic stimuli – including literary ones – invite us to widen the scope of the causal engineering behind the selective directedness of our mental lives. Artistic stimuli merit the attention of the human cognitive system at various time-scales (momentary, developmental, and evolutionary). Following Kolaiti (The limits of expression: Language, literature, mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019: 76–94) and drawing on neuroscientific evidence from the last 25 years, I will make tentative suggestions that artistic stimuli may also yield non-representational worthwhile modifications or effects. My discussion focuses on one such type of effects involving the human perceptual system: perceptual effects. Being partly or wholly embodied, perceptual effects could extend the machinery of relevance theory in an embodied direction and widen its interdisciplinary implications.
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Sokolov, E. N. „Sphericity in cognition“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, Nr. 4 (August 2001): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01640081.
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The perceptual circularity demonstrated by R. Shepard with respect to hue turns out to be a sphericity of color perception based on color excitation vectors of neuronal level. The spherical color model implicitly contains information concerning generalization under color learning. Subjective color differences are “computed” in neuronal nets being represented by amplitudes of evoked potentials triggered by color change. [Shepard]
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Oliver, Michael, Cassandra Morrison und Sondos El-Hulu. „RACE DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH AND VARIABLE BLOOD PRESSURE AND DOMAIN-SPECIFIC COGNITIVE CHANGE“. Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (01.12.2023): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2238.
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Abstract Elevated blood pressure (BP), or hypertension, is a risk factor for several health conditions including Alzheimer’s disease. High BP in early- and mid-life is associated with cognitive decline, whereas research is mixed regarding BP and cognition in late-life. Moreover, hypertension disproportionately affects minority populations. Consequently, the effects of hypertension on cognition may differ by race. The present study investigates the relationship between BP and cognition. 4419 older adults (Black, n=1189; White, n= 3230), with 32116 follow-ups for a maximum of 10-years were included from the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center. Results reveal individuals with high BP exhibit significantly greater declines in global cognition compared to normal BP, regardless of race. When stratifying high BP by race, Blacks exhibit greater declines in working memory and perceptual speed, whereas Whites exhibit greater declines in episodic memory, semantic memory, and visuospatial ability compared to normal BP. Blacks with high BP exhibit greater decline in perceptual speed compared to variable BP, whereas no cognitive domain was worse in Whites with high BP compared to variable. When stratifying variable BP by race, Blacks exhibited greater decline in working memory compared to normal BP. Alternatively, Whites exhibited greater decline in episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, and global cognition compared to normal and high BP counterparts. Our findings reveal racial differences in the relationship between BP and cognitive decline. Specifically, Blacks and Whites with high and variable BP experience cognitive decline in different cognitive domains, which may give insight into differences in disease trajectory and cognitive outcomes.
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Jusyte, Aiste, und Michael Schönenberg. „Impaired social cognition in violent offenders: perceptual deficit or cognitive bias?“ European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 267, Nr. 3 (13.09.2016): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00406-016-0727-0.
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Pelekanos, Vassilis, und Konstantinos Moutoussis. „The Effect of Language on Visual Contrast Sensitivity“. Perception 40, Nr. 12 (01.01.2011): 1402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7010.
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Embodied cognition and perceptual symbol theories assume that higher cognition interacts with and is grounded in perception and action. Recent experiments have shown that language processing interacts with perceptual processing in various ways, indicating that linguistic representations have a strong perceptual character. In the present study, we have used signal detection theory to investigate whether the comprehension of written sentences, implying either horizontal or vertical orientation, could improve the participants' visual sensitivity for discriminating between horizontal or vertical square-wave gratings and noise. We tested this prediction by conducting one main and one follow-up experiment. Our results indicate that language can, indeed, affect perception at such a low level of the visual process and thus provide further support for the embodied theories of cognition.
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Workman, Craig D., Jacob J. Sosnoff und Thorsten Rudroff. „Disparity between Perceptual Fall Risk and Physiological Fall Risk in Older Cannabis Users: A Pilot Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 1 (23.12.2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010109.
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Aging is associated with cognitive decline and increased fall risk. Cognitive impairment is associated with cannabis use, which is increasing among older adults. Perceptual and physiological fall risk are discordant in some older adults, but whether cannabis use influences this association is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible disparities between perceptual and physiological fall risk in older cannabis users. Eight older medical cannabis users and eight sex- and age-matched non-users provided data on perceptual and physiological fall risk. Group differences were assessed, and perceptual fall risk was correlated with physiological fall risk. Perceptual risk and most of the physiological fall risk variables were equivalent between the groups. However, cannabis users performed significantly worse on unipedal stance than non-users. In addition, perceptual fall risk had weak correlations with physiological fall risk in the users (Spearman’s rho = 0.17–0.41) and moderate-strong correlations in non-users (rho = −0.18–0.67). Cannabis users might have a discrepancy between perceptual and physiological fall risk. Because both concepts play a role in quality of life, identifying strategies to improve them may have significant benefits. Future studies investigating additional perceptual (e.g., cognition, fear of falling, depression, anxiety), physiological (e.g., more challenging static and dynamic balance conditions), and general fall risk are warranted.
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OKADOME, TAKESHI. „A FORMAL THEORY OF EARLY COGNITION DEVELOPMENT“. Advances in Complex Systems 08, Nr. 02n03 (Juni 2005): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525905000488.
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The formal theory of the development of early perception and motor control presented here deals with cognitive development as a mapping from a finite set of given experiences to a set of perceptual and motor-control functions. The theory involves seven constraints that uniquely define the mapping. The compatibility with observational phenomena and sufficiency of these constraints shows the validity of the theory. The principle underlying these constraints is a coding by the most efficient representation of information. The efficiency of representation is evaluated by the coding redundancy of given experiences defined as the number of real numbers that characterize experiences plus the size of the minimum continuous decoding function. The coding redundancy of experiences by the most efficient representation corresponds to the Kolmogorov complexity of the experiences. The mapping accounts for the dependence on neonatal experience of the development of perceptual and motor-control functions. This theory of development can also be seen as a metatheory of cognition that presents us a unified view of the diversity of perceptual and motor-control modules.
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Yi, Do-Joon, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, Marvin M. Chun und Marcia K. Johnson. „When a Thought Equals a Look: Refreshing Enhances Perceptual Memory“. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, Nr. 8 (August 2008): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20094.
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Cognition constantly involves retrieving and maintaining information that is not perceptually available in the current environment. Studies on visual imagery and working memory suggest that such high-level cognition might, in part, be mediated by the revival of perceptual representations in the inferior temporal cortex. Here, we provide new support for this hypothesis, showing that reflectively accessed information can have similar consequences for subsequent perception as actual perceptual input. Participants were presented with pairs of frames in which a scene could appear, and were required to make a category judgment on the second frame. In the critical condition, a scene was presented in the first frame, but the second frame was blank. Thus, it was necessary to refresh the scene from the first frame in order to make the category judgment. Scenes were then repeated in subsequent trials to measure the effect of refreshing on functional magnetic resonance imaging repetition attenuation—a neural index of memory—in a scene-selective region of the visual cortex. Surprisingly, the refreshed scenes produced equal attenuation as scenes that had been presented twice during encoding, and more attenuation than scenes that had been presented once during encoding, but that were not refreshed. Thus, the top-down revival of a percept had a similar effect on memory as actually seeing the stimulus again. These findings indicate that high-level cognition can activate stimulus-specific representations in the ventral visual cortex, and that such top-down activation, like that from sensory stimulation, produces memorial changes that affect perceptual processing during a later encounter with the stimulus.
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Byrd, DeAnnah R., Roland J. Thorpe und Keith E. Whitfield. „Greater Disease Burden, Greater Risk? Exploring Cognitive Change and Health Status Among Older Blacks“. Journal of Aging and Health 32, Nr. 7-8 (05.06.2019): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319853138.
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Objective: The objective of study is to examine the relationships between health status and changes in cognition over time among middle to older aged Blacks. Method: Data come from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. At baseline, 602 Black participants, ranging from ages 48 to 95 years, were enrolled. At follow-up, approximately 3 years later, 450 participants were re-interviewed. Results: After accounting for baseline cognition, age, sex, and education, a greater number of health conditions was associated with slower perceptual speed ( b = −5.099, p = .022). Average peak expiratory flow was also associated with improvements in working memory ( b = 0.029, p = .019) and perceptual speed ( b = 0.026, p = .026), controlling for model covariates. Discussion: Study findings demonstrate that greater disease burden is associated with declines in specific fluid cognitive abilities in middle to later life among Blacks. This finding highlights the importance of reducing health disparities that disproportionately affect Blacks.
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Ntoumanis, Ioannis, Olga Agranovich, Anna N. Shestakova, Evgeny Blagovechtchenski, Maria Koriakina, Dzerassa Kadieva, Grigory Kopytin und Iiro P. Jääskeläinen. „Altered Cerebral Processing of Videos in Children with Motor Dysfunction Suggests Broad Embodiment of Perceptual Cognitive Functions“. Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, Nr. 11 (04.11.2022): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111841.
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Embodied cognition theory suggests that motor dysfunctions affect cognition. We examined this hypothesis by inspecting whether cerebral processing of movies, featuring both goal-directed movements and content without humans, differ between children with congenital motor dysfunction and healthy controls. Electroencephalography was recorded from 23 healthy children and 23 children with limited or absent arm movement due to either arthrogryposis multiplex congenita or obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Each individual patient exhibited divergent neural responses, disclosed by significantly lower inter-subject correlation (ISC) of brain activity, during the videos compared to the healthy children. We failed to observe associations between this finding and the motor-related content of the various video scenes, suggesting that differences between the patients and controls reflect modulation of perceptual-cognitive processing of videos by upper-limb motor dysfunctions not limited to the watching-mirroring of motor actions. Thus, perceptual-cognitive processes in the brain seem to be more robustly embodied than has previously been thought.
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Barnes, L. L., T. T. Lewis, C. T. Begeny, L. Yu, D. A. Bennett und R. S. Wilson. „Perceived Discrimination and Cognition in Older African Americans“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, Nr. 5 (18.05.2012): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617712000628.
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AbstractExisting evidence suggests that psychosocial stress is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Perceived discrimination is a persistent stressor in African Americans that has been associated with several adverse mental and physical health outcomes. To our knowledge, the association of discrimination with cognition in older African Americans has not been examined. In a cohort of 407 older African Americans without dementia (mean age = 72.9; SD = 6.4), we found that a higher level of perceived discrimination was related to poorer cognitive test performance, particularly episodic memory (estimate = −0.03; SE = .013; p < .05) and perceptual speed tests (estimate = −0.04; SE = .015; p < .05). The associations were unchanged after adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors, but were attenuated after adjustment for depressive symptoms (Episodic memory estimate = −0.02; SE = 0.01; Perceptual speed estimate = −0.03; SE = 0.02; both p's = .06). The association between discrimination and several cognitive domains was modified by level of neuroticism. The results suggest that perceived discrimination may be associated with poorer cognitive function, but does not appear to be independent of depressive symptoms. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)
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Brick Larkin, Gabriella, und Daniel D. Kurylo. „Perceptual Grouping and High-Order Cognitive Ability“. Journal of Individual Differences 34, Nr. 3 (01.08.2013): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000110.
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High-order cognitive functions require the integration of information across functionally related modules. This relationship suggests that cognitive ability is related to the efficiency and processing speed of basic integrative function. In order to examine individual differences for this relationship, we compared standardized tests of intelligence to visual perceptual grouping abilities, which represents a basic process of integration. Sixty participants discriminated perceived grouping of dot patterns based upon similarity in luminance. Psychophysical measurements were made of the functional limits and processing speed of grouping. We assessed cognitive abilities with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and found that measures of grouping efficiency as well as speed varied considerably across subjects, indicating substantial individual differences at this relatively early level of visual processing. Faster grouping speed was associated with higher scores on all WASI subtests, whereas grouping ability, when not restricted by time, was associated only with the performance IQ components. These results demonstrate an association between a basic integrative function, in which cognitive and motoric factors were minimized, with measures of high-order cognition, which include both verbal and spatial cognitive components.
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Bharucha, Jamshed J. „Music Cognition and Perceptual Facilitation: A Connectionist Framework“. Music Perception 5, Nr. 1 (1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40285384.
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The mind internalizes persistent structural regularities in music and recruits these internalized representations to facilitate subsequent perception. Facilitation underlies the generation of musical expectations and implications and the influence of a musical context on consonance and memory. Facilitation is demonstrated in experiments showing priming of chords: chords that are harmonically closely related to a preceding context are processed more quickly than chords that are harmonically distant from the context. A tonal context enhances intonational sensitivity for related chords and heightens their consonance. Facilitation occurs even when related chords don't share component tones with the context, and even when overlapping harmonics are eliminated. These results point to the indirect activation of representational units at a cognitive level. In a parallel study conducted in India, tones considered to play an important role in a rag but absent from the experimental rendition of that rag were facilitated in the same way. In a connectionist framework, facilitation is a consequence of activation spreading through a network of representational units whose pattern of connectivity encodes musical relationships. In a proposed connectionist model of harmony, each event in a musical sequence activates tone units, and activation spreads via connecting links to parent chord units and then to parent key units. Activation reverberates bidirectionally until the network settles into a state of equilibrium. The initial stages of the activation process constitute the bottom-up influence of the sounded tones, while the later, reverberatory stages constitute the top-down influence of learned, schematic structures internalized at the cognitive level. Computer simulations of the model show the same pattern of data as human subjects in experiments on relatedness judgments of chords and memory for chord sequences.
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Sikora, Paweł. „Content, notion, realism. Hegel’s understanding of perceptual cognition“. Kultura i Wartości 26 (22.01.2019): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/kw.2018.26.119-134.
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Yang, Ranran, Chunxiao Yue, Jingjing Li, Junhong Zhu, Hongshu Chen und Jia Wei. „The Influence of Information Intervention Cognition on College Students’ Energy-Saving Behavior Intentions“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 5 (04.03.2020): 1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051659.
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Based on the theory of planned behavior, this research examines the influence of different types of information on the behavioral intentions of college students in the context of perceived behavioral control (perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control) as mediating variables. The results showed that: (1) Different types of information intervention factors have different effects on perceptual self-efficacy and perceptual control; the influence degree of economic cost has the strongest effect, followed by group pressure, while the influence degree of publicity and education has the weakest effect. However, policy intervention has no statistically significant effect on both of them (perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control). (2) Two variables, perceived self-efficacy and perceptual control, serve as mediators between information intervention factors and energy-saving behavior intention. (3) Individual characteristic factors have significant moderating effects on each path in the model of information intervention–perceived behavior control–intention. Finally, suggestions are made on how to encourage college students to more effectively save energy.
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Hartmann, Matthias, und Petra Müller. „Illusory perception of visual patterns in pure noise is associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs“. i-Perception 14, Nr. 1 (Januar 2023): 204166952211447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221144732.
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Just as perceptual heuristics can lead to visual illusions, cognitive heuristics can lead to biased judgements, such as “illusory pattern perception” (i.e., seeing patterns in unrelated events). Here we further investigated the common underlying mechanism behind irrational beliefs and illusory pattern perception in visual images. For trials in which no object was present in the noise, we found that the tendency to report seeing an object was positively correlated with the endorsement of both COVID-19 specific conspiracy theories and paranormal beliefs. The present results suggest that the cognitive bias to see meaningful connections in noise can have an impact on socio-political cognition as well as on perceptual decision making.
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Lobo, Lorena. „Current alternatives on perceptual learning: introduction to special issue on post-cognitivist approaches to perceptual learning“. Adaptive Behavior 27, Nr. 6 (16.09.2019): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712319875147.
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This special issue is focused on how perceptual learning is understood from a post-cognitivist approach to cognition. The process of perceptual learning is key in our cognitive life and development: we can learn to discriminate environmental aspects and hence adapt ourselves to it, using our resources intelligently. Perceptual learning, according to the classic cognitivist view, is based on the enrichment of passively received stimuli, a linear operation on sensations that results in a representation of the original information. This representation can be useful for other processes that generate an output, like a motor command, for example. On the contrary, alternative approaches to perceptual learning, different from the one depicted in the classic cognitivist theory, share the ideas that perception and action are intrinsically tied and that cognitive processes rely on embodiment and situatedness. These approaches usually claim that mental representations are not useful concepts, at least when portraying a process of perceptual learning. Approaches within post-cognitivism are not a unified theory, but a diversity of perspectives that need to establish a dialogue among their different methodologies. In particular, this special issue is focused on ecological psychology and enactivism as key traditions within the post-cognitivist constellation.
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Yang, Huahua. „Design Model of Cultural and Creative Products Using User Perception Demand Mining“. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (21.08.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6339184.
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People are becoming more and more aware of the value of design throughout a product’s entire life cycle as a result of the fierce competition for industrial products that exists today. The life of a product involves its design, manufacture, sale, and use, and how well these links are managed determines the product’s positioning in terms of value in the eyes of consumers. The key to the functional integration of the design is monitoring the entire process and applying the user’s emotional needs. A useful tool for assessing users’ emotional needs is the perceptual image of a product. An artificial intelligence-driven method for product perceptual design is proposed, and its efficacy is demonstrated by the design of an optometer. This method addresses the issues of incomplete measurement and insufficient sample collection in the traditional users’ perceptual cognition measurement. The findings demonstrate that extracting users’ perceptual cognition through text mining can assist designers in better understanding users’ perceptual needs, resulting in designed products that are more likely to meet users’ expectations for satisfaction. A design approach that can increase users’ psychological acceptance of products and boost their competitiveness is the perceptual design method, which combines human and artificial intelligence.
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Dawson, Michael R. W., und C. Darren Piercey. „Better theories are needed to distinguish perception from cognition“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, Nr. 3 (Juni 1999): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99312024.
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Pylyshyn argues that many of the methods used to study perception are too coarse to detect the distinction between perceptual and cognitive processing. We suggest that the reason for this is that the theories used to guide research in perception are at fault. More powerful theories – for instance, computer simulations – will be required to identify where perception ends and where cognition begins.
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Geary, David C. „Mitochondrial Functioning and the Relations among Health, Cognition, and Aging: Where Cell Biology Meets Cognitive Science“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 7 (30.03.2021): 3562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073562.
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Cognitive scientists have determined that there is a set of mechanisms common to all sensory, perceptual, and cognitive abilities and correlated with age- and disease-related declines in cognition. These mechanisms also contribute to the development and functional coherence of the large-scale brain networks that support complex forms of cognition. At the same time, these brain and cognitive patterns are correlated with myriad health outcomes, indicating that at least some of the underlying mechanisms are common to all biological systems. Mitochondrial functions, including cellular energy production and control of oxidative stress, among others, are well situated to explain the relations among the brain, cognition, and health. Here, I provide an overview of the relations among cognitive abilities, associated brain networks, and the importance of mitochondrial energy production for their functioning. These are then linked to the relations between cognition, health, and aging. The discussion closes with implications for better integrating research in cognitive science and cell biology in the context of developing more sensitive measures of age- and disease-related declines in cognition.
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Mongrain, Steven, und Lionel Standing. „Impairment of Cognition, Risk-Taking, and Self-Perception by Alcohol“. Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, Nr. 1 (August 1989): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.1.199.
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The effects of alcohol on risk-taking, visual signal detection, and perceptual-motor skills were examined under controlled conditions. Skill in two videogame tasks (driving and racquetball simulations) was unaffected by a massive dose of alcohol, whereas risk-taking in the driving task was increased. Alcohol also impaired performance on the signal-detection task, decreasing both perceptual vigilance and caution ( d' and beta). The dependent measures yielded minor correlations with personality and biographical variables, although men were more skilled and riskier in their behaviour than women. A second experiment employing the signal-detection task indicated that even moderate doses of alcohol can significantly impair visual perception and perceptual decision making. Both studies showed that subjects who receive a massive dose of alcohol (bac .12% or .16%) significantly underestimate the amount consumed, and rate themselves as being much less than totally drunk.
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Wu, Hung-Che, und Ching-Chan Cheng. „What drives green persistence intentions?“ Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 31, Nr. 1 (14.01.2019): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-01-2018-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the structural relationship between green persistence intentions and their seven drivers – green authenticity, green perceptual evaluation, green co-creation, green experiential memorability, green experiential satisfaction, green passionate love and green need for cognition in a green hotel context. Design/methodology/approach The data used in this study were based on a sample of 589 customers staying at one green hotel in New Taipei City of Taiwan. The predicted relationship was tested using the structural equation modeling and the hierarchical regression analysis. Findings The results indicate that green perceptual evaluation, green co-creation and green experiential memorability influence green experiential satisfaction. Green passionate love is influenced by green experiential satisfaction. Green need for cognition moderates the effect of green experiential satisfaction on green persistence intentions. Green persistence intentions are influenced by green experiential satisfaction and green passionate love. Practical implications To increase green authenticity, green perceptual evaluation, green co-creation, green experiential memorability, green experiential satisfaction, green passionate love, green need for cognition and green persistence intentions, the study findings will help green hotels to develop and implement market-orientated product and/or service strategies. Originality/value This paper provides data that lead to a better understanding of the relationships among green authenticity, green perceptual evaluation, green co-creation, green experiential memorability, green experiential satisfaction, green passionate love, green need for cognition and green persistence intentions in a green hotel context.
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Richardson, Daniel C., und Michael J. Spivey. „The TEC as a theory of embodied cognition“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2001): 900–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0143010x.
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We argue that the strengths of the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) can usefully be applied to a wider scope of cognitive tasks, and tested by more diverse methodologies. When allied with a theory of conceptual representation such as Barsalou's (1999a) perceptual symbol systems, and extended to data from eye-movement studies, the TEC has the potential to address the larger goals of an embodied view of cognition.
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Kramer, Arthur F., John T. Coyne und David L. Strayer. „Cognitive Function at High Altitude“. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 35, Nr. 2 (Juni 1993): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089303500208.
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The effects of altitude on human performance and cognition were evaluated in a field study performed on Mount Denali in Alaska during the summer of 1990. Climbers performed a series of perceptual, cognitive, and sensory-motor tasks before, during, and after climbing the West Buttress route on Denali. Relative to a matched control group that performed the tasks at sea level, the climbers showed deficits of learning and retention in perceptual and memory tasks. Furthermore, climbers performed more slowly on most tasks than did the control group, suggesting long-term deficits that may be attributed to repeated forays to high altitudes
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Huyck, Julia J. „Contribution of listening effort and cognitive processing to psychometric functions during adolescence and young adulthood“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018672.
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Hearing and listening are critical to how adolescents communicate, learn new information, and engage with technology and culture. However, performance on auditory perceptual tasks takes a long time to mature. Age-related improvements in executive functions and other cognitive functions likely contribute to this long developmental trajectory. To examine how listening effort and cognition relate to psychometric functions on auditory perceptual tasks in adolescents and young adults, we used the method of constant stimuli to test 10- to 23-year-olds on frequency discrimination, temporal interval discrimination, and gap detection. During task performance, an eye tracker was used to measure pupil size and blink rate as proxies for listening effort or engagement. Typically, larger pupil size and fewer blinks are associated with higher engagement. All listeners also completed a battery of cognitive tests including tests of verbal and nonverbal reasoning, working memory, processing speed, and attention. We will demonstrate any changes in the estimated thresholds and psychometric function slopes during adolescence and will relate these developmental changes to individual differences in listening effort and cognition. [Work funded by NIDCD.]
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Moutran, Andréa Regina Correa, Thaís Rodrigues Villa, Luciana Aparecida Sobirai Diaz, Maria Helena da Silva Noffs, Mariana Machado Pereira Pinto, Alberto Alain Gabbai und Deusvenir de Souza Carvalho. „Migraine and cognition in children: a controlled study“. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 69, Nr. 2a (April 2011): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2011000200010.
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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the cognitive functions of children with migraine and compare them to A control group. METHOD: 30 migraineur children and 30 control group children without migraine, age ranging from 8 to 12 years old, were subjected to a cognitive functions assessment with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISCIII). RESULTS: Although both groups had a normal cognitive performance, children with migraine had significantly worse scores compared to the control group in the subtests of Information, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Object Assembly and in the Indexes of Perceptual Organization, Resistance to Distraction and Processing Speed. CONCLUSION: Children with migraine had impairment in some cognitive functions such as attention, memory, information speed, and perceptual organization compared to the control group.
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Bharucha, Jamshed J., und W. Einar Mencl. „Two Issues in Auditory Cognition: Self-Organization of Octave Categories and Pitch-Invariant Pattern Recognition“. Psychological Science 7, Nr. 3 (Mai 1996): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00347.x.
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The study of auditory and music cognition provides opportunities to explore general cognitive mechanisms in a specific, highly structured domain We discuss two problems with implications for other domains of perception the self-organization of perceptual categories and invariant pattern recognition The perceptual category we consider is the octave We show how general principles of self-organization operating on a cochlear spectral representation can yield octave categories The example of invariant pattern recognition we consider is the recognition of invariant frequency patterns transformed to different absolute frequencies We suggest a system that uses pitch or musical key to map tones into a pitch-invariant format
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Leyens, Jacques-Philippe, und Olivier Corneille. „Asch's Social Psychology: Not as Social as You May Think“. Personality and Social Psychology Review 3, Nr. 4 (November 1999): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0304_4.
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This article discusses 2 commonly held ideas about Solomon Asch's work in social psychology: (a) Asch was primarily interested in social phenomena in general and in group processes in particular, and (b) Asch was a forerunner of social cognition. Asch's studies on social influence were translations of strictly perceptual experiments. For him, social stimuli had no specificity relative to physical ones provided that the perceptual context presented similar structural properties. Moreover, and contrary to Kurt Lewin (e.g., 1948) Asch focused his attention at the individual level and may have slowed down interest in social interactions or group processes. Asch's studies on impression formation presaged the social cognition approach. In his work, he foresaw the importance of online processing of information, the existence of implicit theories of personality, as well as perception based on exemplars and prototypes. However, Asch's reliance on immediate perceptual experience, on isomorphism between the properties of the external object and the phenomenal experience of this object, and his holistic and dynamic perspective clash with the main stream of social cognition research.
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Perryman, Collin, Taharka Anderson, Roland J. Thorpe und Keith Whitfield. „ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SCHOOL DESEGREGATION AND THE COGNITION OF OLDER BLACK MEN: A CITY-LEVEL ANALYSIS“. Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (01.12.2023): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3192.
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Abstract Objective We sought to understand the relationship between school setting attendance (desegregated or segregated) and the cognition among older Black men. Methods Data from older Black men (n=153; age range: 50 to 89 years) from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging (BSBA-PCA) was used to explore the relationship between type of schooling and cognitive functioning. We conducted ANOVA and OLS regression analyses to find associations between schooling and various cognitive domains. The independent variable, school type, was measured using a variable assessing if participants attended a racially-mixed school in their youth. The outcome variable, cognition, was measured using global cognition, reasoning, memory, immediate recall, working memory, language, and perceptual speed. Results ANOVA analyses found that Black men who attended desegregated schools reported significantly better reasoning and global cognition. OLS regression analyses found that global cognition, reasoning, language, and working memory were significantly better performance in the OLS regression results. The multivariate analysis found that global cognition and reasoning yielded statistically better performance. Conclusion Our study provides insights to how cognition varies in Black men depending on the school settings in which they were educated. Additionally, our study finds evidence that past educational policies represent risk for poor cognitive health of older Black men populations.
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Wang, Xudong, und Li Lin. „Research on the Construction of Product Material Perceptual Evaluation Model Based on EEG Physiological Cognition“. E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017901016.
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In order to improve the user experience of industrial product materials and solve the problems of strong subjectivity and lack of objective data support in the evaluation of industrial product materials, a perceptual evaluation method of product materials based on EEG is proposed, and a comprehensive model of perceptual evaluation of industrial product materials combining psychological and physiological evaluation indexes is established. 20 subjects were recruited to carry out perceptual evaluation tests on 8 kinds of teacups made of different materials, and the established model was calculated mathematically to select the optimal material scheme. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the model, indicating that the psychological and physiological indexes of users can be mutually verified in the perceptual evaluation of product materials.
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Holleman, Jasper, Sofia Adagunodo, Ingemar Kåreholt, Göran Hagman, Malin Aspö, Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh, Alina Solomon, Miia Kivipelto und Shireen Sindi. „Cortisol, cognition and Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers among memory clinic patients“. BMJ Neurology Open 4, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2022): e000344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2022-000344.
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ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between diurnal cortisol patterns, cognition and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers in memory clinic patients.MethodMemory clinic patients were recruited from Karolinska University Hospital in Sweden (n=155). Diurnal cortisol patterns were assessed using five measures: awakening levels, cortisol awakening response, bedtime levels, the ratio of awakening to bedtime levels (AM/PM ratio) and total daily output. Cognition was measured in five domains: memory, working memory, processing speed, perceptual reasoning and overall cognition. AD biomarkers Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau were assessed from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cognition was measured at follow-up (average 32 months) in a subsample of participants (n=57).ResultsIn assessing the associations between cortisol and cognition, higher awakening cortisol levels were associated with greater processing speed at baseline. No relationship was found between diurnal cortisol patterns and change in cognition over time or CSF AD biomarkers in the total sample. After stratification by CSF Aβ42levels, higher awakening cortisol levels were associated with worse memory performance in amyloid-positive participants. In amyloid-negative participants, higher bedtime cortisol levels and a lower AM/PM ratio were associated with lower overall cognition, greater awakening cortisol levels were associated with better processing speed, and a higher AM/PM ratio was associated with better perceptual reasoning. Additionally, higher awakening cortisol levels were associated with lower CSF Aβ42levels in amyloid-positive participants, while higher bedtime cortisol levels and a lower AM/PM ratio were associated with higher CSF total tau in amyloid-negative participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that diurnal cortisol patterns are associated with cognitive function and provide new insights into the association between diurnal cortisol patterns and AD-related CSF biomarkers. Further research is needed to examine the complex relationship between cortisol, cognition and brain pathology.
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Caballero, Rosario, und Carita Paradis. „Sharing Perceptual Experiences through Language“. Journal of Intelligence 11, Nr. 7 (26.06.2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11070129.
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The aim of this article is to shed light on how sensory perceptions are communicated through authentic language. What are the language resources available to match multimodal perceptions, and how do we use them in real communication? We discuss insights from previous work on the topic of the interaction of perception, cognition, and language and explain how language users recontextualise perception in communication about sensory experiences. Within the framework of cognitive semantics, we show that the complexities of multimodal perception are clearly reflected in the multifunctional use of words to convey meanings and feelings. To showcase the language resources employed, we base our findings on research on how architects convey their perceptions of built space. Two main patterns emerge: they use multimodal expressions (soft, bland, and jarring) and descriptions of built space through motion (the building reaches out, or routes and directions such as destination, promenade, route, or landscape in combination with verbs such as start and lead) in which case the architect may either be the observer or the emerged actor. The important take-home message is that there is no neat and clear a priori link between words and meanings, but rather “unforeseen” patterns surface in natural production data describing sensory perceptions.