Dissertationen zum Thema „Perception“
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1
Löbler, Helge, Markus Maier und Daniel Markgraf. „Risk perception or self perception“. Konferenzbeitrag zur IECER 2005, Amsterdam (NL), 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17062.
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In cognitive entrepreneurship research one main question is: Do entrepreneurs think differently than others in various ways? Especially in the area of risk perception cognition is thought of as information processing. In later streams of cognitive science it has developed from a state where cognition is seen as information processing to a state where cognition is mainly seen as an effective act, where experiences play an important role. We use risk perception as an indicator for information processing and self perception as an indicator for past experience. We found that past experience explains starting a real venture whereas risk information processing explains starting a case study venture.
2
Ahlkvist, Linda. „Perceptions of usability - a comparisonof the expert's perception with the end user's perception for improving navigations guidelines“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20856.
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Användbarhet är ett centralt begrepp i webbutveckling vid utvecklandet avtillgängliga och användbara webbsidor. Användbarhet strävar efter effektivitet ochtillfredställelse. Webbsidans användare ska kunna utföra ärende utan ansträngningeller större tidsåtgång för att slutligen känna en tillfredställelse med sig själv ochdet framgångsrikt utförda ärendet.I detta examensarbete kommer användbarhet på world wide web behandlas ur tvåinfallsvinklar, experters uppfattning respektive vardaglig användares uppfattning påbegreppet. Arbetet ämnar lyfta fram tolkningar för begreppet användbarhet och hurstort värde det har vid webbutveckling, i synnerhet en global navigations värde somverktyg för orientering på en webbsida.Frågeställningen besvaras genom en analys och likhetsgranskning först mellanmålgrupperna, sedan mot tidigare studier i sektion 5.Examensarbetet kommer främst baseras på en tidigare studie som även denifrågasätter riktlinjer för användbarhet i en intervjustudie med utvecklare inomwebbutveckling.Genom intervjuer kommer vardagliga användare och experters tolkningar jämförasmot tidigare studier och forskning för att betona det värde som användbarhet harför en välutvecklad och funktionellt framgångsrik webbsida med fokus på globalnavigation. Resultatet av undersökningen ämnar styrka eller sänka hypotesen omatt satta riktlinjer för användbarhet behöver uppdateras och korrigeras efteraktuella uppfattningar hos så väl experter så väl som vardagliga användare idag.Det finns idag ingen känd forskning inom ämnet där användarens tolkning avanvändbarhet involveras vilket öppnar nya möjligheter till att förbättra existeranderiktlinjer ytterligare.Resultatet av studien visar att målgruppernas uppfattningar kompletterar varandramen tolkas på olika sätt. Medan experter, målgrupp 1, definierar användbarhet someffektivt, tillförståeligt och tillgängligt beskriver användarna, målgrupp 2, begreppetsom något enkelt och något som finns lättillgängligt och brett. Studiens främsta ochmest användbara resultat är att målgrupp 1 utvecklar efter normer framförriktlinjer, och målgrupp 2 vill ha produkter byggda på standarder och normer.Usability is a central and common concept in the process of developing a usableand easily understood website for world wide web’s users. Usability strives förefficiency and satisfaction, the website’s users should be able to perform their taskswith minimum effort and within a reasonable time limit.This bachelor thesis will review the need of usability and how experts and usersinterprete the concept. How can the different interpretations of usability affect theneed of usability online on the world wide web, and how important is a navigationdesigned with usability in mind?This thesis will be based on a former study within the subject usability, aninterview study that is questioning the guidelines of usability today.The understandings on usability will be determined through interviews with eightinterviewees, four experts and four users. The examination aims to strength orlower the hypotes “Existing guidelines for usability needs an update andreformulation to fit the understandings from experts and users of world wide webtoday.”There is no earlier studies on the matter where users are asked to define usability,it is more common to ask users what they think of the usability on a specificproduct.The results of this study shows that the two audiences understandings completeseach other but are interpreted differently. Audience 1, the experts, defines usabilityas something efficient and easily learnable, while audience 2, the end-users, definesthe concept as something simple that is easily accessible and widely spreadthroughout the world wide web. The most interesting result of the study is theresults that shows how the experts develop with norms and standards in mindinstead of guidelines and the end-users wants products built on standards thatthey recognize.
3
QUISTGAARD, PATRICIA WILLIAMS. „TEACHER PERCEPTION, PEER PERCEPTION, SELF-PERCEPTION, CLASSROOM VARIABLES, AND SOLITARY BEHAVIOR (MINNESOTA)“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183967.
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Various assessment measures have been used to identify socially isolated children. A model relating constructs associated with social behavior was developed to examine causal relationships among various types of assessment measures. The subjects were 267 third and fourth grade children from public school classrooms in Minnesota. Teacher perception, peer perception, self-discomfort, assertiveness, positive solitary behavior and negative solitary behavior were conceptualized as dependent latent variables. The effects of academic achievement and sex on the dependent latent variables also were examined. Observable indicators of the latent variables include peer sociometric measures; three teacher ratings of social interaction; self-report measures of assertiveness, anxiety, and loneliness; classroom observations of solitary behavior; and the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. Covariance structure analysis procedures (LISREL) were used to link observed measures of social behavior to their respective latent variables through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and to examine hypothesized causal relationships among the latent variables. CFA of the dependent variables indicated that the initial model did not provide an acceptable fit with the data. T-values indicated that the observed variables loaded on the hypothesized latent constructs except for two self-report measures. Subsequent model testing indicated that some observed variables loaded on more than one latent variable. The initial covariance structure model was revised based on the CFA. The LISREL analysis indicated that neither the initial nor the revised models of social behavior provided an adequate fit with the data. The significance of individual parameters was examined. The observed self-report measures of assertiveness, loneliness, and anxiety demonstrated low reliability. Hypotheses supported include that academic achievement was causally related to peer perception and that teacher perception, peer perception and academic achievement were causally related to the level of negative solitary behavior. The results support the assessment of perceptions of significant others and academic achievement as screening measures to identify socially isolated children. Additionally, the validity and reliability of using self-report measures with elementary students needs further investigation.
4
Drottz-Sjöberg, Britt-Marie. „Perception of risk : studies of risk attitudes, perceptions and definitions“. Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Media och Ekonomisk Psykologi (P), 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1268.
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Da, Silva Fabrice. „L’effet d’affordance comme processus émergeant et constitutif de l’activité perceptive“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30028/document.
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L’activité perceptive du sujet semble être impactée par les actions qu’il peut effectivement réaliser à l’égard de son environnement. Néanmoins, il semble que les possibilités d’action du sujet soient le plus souvent envisagées comme des propriétés objectives de l’environnement si bien qu’elles sont généralement décrites comme étant préparatoires à l’action. Ce travail de thèse s’est consacré à défendre l’idée que d’une part, ces possibilités d’action sont des propriétés émergentes de la relation sujet-environnement et que d’autre part, elles sont susceptibles d’avoir un rôle fonctionnel constitutif pour l’activité perceptive. Dans une première série d’études, nous avons observé que des modulations dans les possibilités d’action conduisaient à un renversement des effets de facilitation lorsque des sujets devaient catégoriser des objets préhensibles. Dans une seconde série d’étude, nous avons observé que la capacité à détecter un objet parmi un ensemble d’autres était impactée par les potentiels d’action suggérés par les objets mais également, modulée par l’engagement moteur du sujet dans la tâche. Enfin, dans une troisième série d’études, nous avons mis en évidence que les possibilités d’action pourraient occuper un rôle fonctionnel significatif pour l’activité perceptive du sujet. Ce dernier travail met en effet en évidence que lors de situations perceptives ambiguës, la manière dont est catégorisé un objet semble dépendre de la capacité du sujet à pouvoir le saisir efficacement. L’ensemble de ces résultats semble indiquer que les possibilités d’action sont bien des propriétés du couplage sujet-environnement et occupent une place majeure dans l’activité perceptive. Plus généralement, ces travaux constituent des arguments en faveur d’une prise en compte de l’ensemble de la situation sujet-environnement ainsi que de l’importance de la signification des actions du sujet en fonction des contraintes qui s’exercent sur lui ici et maintenantPerceptual activity seems to be impacted by the actions the subject can actually carry out with regard to its environment. Nevertheless, it seems that subject action possibilities are most often considered as objective properties of the environment so that they are generally described as being preparatory to action. This thesis work has been devoted to defending the idea that on the one hand, these possibilities of action are emergent properties of the subject-environment relationship and on the other hand, they are likely to have a constitutive functional role for perceptual activity. In a first series of studies we observed that modulations in the possibilities of action lead to a reversal of the facilitation effects when subjects were to categorize prehensile objects. In a second series of studies we observed that the ability to detect an object among a set of others was impacted by the action potentials suggested by the objects but also modulated by the subject's driving engagement in the task. Finally, in a third series of studies, we have shown that the possibilities of action could play a significant functional role for subject perceptual activity. Indeed, this last work shows that in ambiguous perceptual situations, the way in which an object is categorized seems to depend on the ability of the subject to grasp it effectively. All these results seem to indicate that the action possibilities are properties of the subject-environment coupling and occupy a major place in the perceptual activity. More generally, these works constitute some arguments in favor of taking into account the whole subject-environment situation as well as the importance of the meaning of the subject actions according to the constraints that are exerted on him, here and now
6
Forsmark, Rebecca. „Simulating Perception : Perception based colours in virtual environments“. Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12362.
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This research explores the differences between how game engine cameras and the human visual system (HVS) render colour. The study is motivated by a two part research question: will HVS colours or game camera colours be preferred when experiencing a virtual environment from a 1st-person perspective and how does light intensity relate to preference? While previous research defines perceptual processes which influence the interpretation of colour information this study advances the understanding of how these theories may be applied to 3D colour grading.When evaluating the two colour modes with a combination of quantitative data and qualitative reflections it was possible to establish a correlation between preference and light intensity, in the sense that HVS colours were preferred in high illumination and camera colours in low. The findings implicate that in order to be well received the colours of a virtual environment need to be adjusted according to illumination.
7
White, Christopher D. „A Perception of Change, A Change of Perception“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3756.
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Change is a constant reminder that permanence is the ultimate illusion. It is through the creation of hyper-realistic, ceramic sculpture that I explore the relationship between nature, humans, and the phenomenon of impermanence. I seek to expose the beauty that often results from decay while, at the same time, making my viewer question their own perception of the world around them. The juxtaposition of natural and man-made features in combination with the skewing of scale, proportion, and material, creates an altered perspective – forcing the viewer to look closer. By combining both human and natural elements within my work I highlight the fact that we are not separate from nature but are, in fact, part of it.
8
Gaven, Jodie Marie. „Demography of perception : leisure perceptions of inner city children and parents /“. [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17663.pdf.
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Hunt, David Francis. „Perceptions and aversions : does disease avoidance influence tactile and visual perception?“ Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752740.
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Ross, D. A. „Lightness perception“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419552.
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Taylor, Richard James. „Affective perception“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5fe8467-c5e5-4cda-9875-ab46d67c4a62.
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This thesis aims to present and defend an account of affective perception. The central argument seeks to establish three claims. 1) Certain emotional bodily feelings (and not just psychic feelings) are world-directed intentional states. 2) Their intentionality is to be understood in perceptual terms: such feelings are affective perceptions of emotional properties of a certain kind. 3) These ‘emotion-proper properties’ are response-dependent in a way that entails that appropriate affective responses to their token instances qualify, ipso facto, as perceptions of those instances. The arguments for (1) and (2) appeal directly to the phenomenology of emotional experience and draw heavily from recent research by Peter Goldie and Matthew Ratcliffe. By applying Goldie’s insights into the intentional structure of psychic feelings to the case of emotional bodily feelings, it is shown that certain of the latter—particularly those pertaining to the so-called ‘standard’ emotions—exemplify world-directed intentionality analogous to the perceptual intentionality of tactile feelings. Adapting Ratcliffe’s account of the analogy between tactile feelings and what he terms ‘existential feelings’, it is argued that standard emotional bodily feelings are at the same time intrinsically intentional world-directed perceptual states (affective perceptions) through which the defining properties of emotional objects (emotion-proper properties) are apprehended. The subsequent account of these properties endorses a response-dependence thesis similar to that defended by John McDowell and David Wiggins and argues that tokening an appropriate emotional affective state in response to a token emotion-proper property is both a necessary and a sufficient condition for perception of that property (Claim (3)). The central claim is thus secured by appeal both to the nature of the relevant feelings and the nature of the relevant properties (the former being intrinsically intentional representational states and the latter being response-dependent in a way that guarantees the perceptual status of the former).
12
Biddle, Megan. „Depth Perception“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/68.
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A fingerprint can identify an individual, yet it tells us nothing specific about the person it belongs to. It is almost invisible, yet it can be traced. Hair can be both beautiful and repulsive, depending on its context--It is an element of the body that lingers, amazingly, after decay.I am inspired by my observations of natural occurring phenomena. The impermanence of all things speaks to me in a whisper. I am captivated by the traces and residue of life that lingers and will eventually dissolve. Using glass, paper, wax, and film I make objects and installations that give physical form to something fleeting. My work is a record of my process. I use imprints and textures of my body to leave a trace or mark on my surroundings--You are here. A pushpin on a giant map represents the earth and our location on it. Working with magnification and systems that generate form, my work embodies a preservation of the ephemeral with all of its unimaginable residual effects.
13
Narayanan, Venkatraman. „Deliberative Perception“. Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1064.
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A recurrent and elementary robot perception task is to identify and localize objects of interest in the physical world. In many real-world situations such as in automated warehouses and assembly lines, this task entails localizing specific object instances with known 3D models. Most modern-day methods for the 3D multi-object localization task employ scene-to-model feature matching or regression/classification by learners trained on synthetic or real scenes. While these methods are typically fast in producing a result, they are often brittle, sensitive to occlusions, and depend on the right choice of features and/or training data. This thesis introduces and advocates a deliberative approach, where the multi-object localization task is framed as an optimization over the space of hypothesized scenes. We demonstrate that deliberative reasoning — such as understanding inter-object occlusions — is essential to robust perception, and that discriminative techniques can effectively guide such reasoning. The contributions of this thesis broadly fall under three parts: The first part, PErception via SeaRCH (PERCH) and its extension C-PERCH, formulates Deliberative Perception as an optimization over hypothesized scenes, and develops an efficient tree search algorithm for the same. The second part focuses on accelerating global search through statistical learners, in the form of search heuristics (Discriminatively-guided Deliberative Perception), and by modulating the search-space (RANSAC-Trees). The final part introduces general-purpose graph search algorithms that bridge statistical learning and search. Of these, the first is an anytime algorithm for leveraging edge validity priors to accelerate graph search, and the second, Improved Multi-Heuristic A*, permits the use of multiple, inadmissible heuristics that might arise from learning. Experimental validation on multiple robots and real-world datasets, one of which we introduce, indicates that we can leverage the complementary strengths of fast learningbased methods and deliberative classical search to handle both "hard" (severely occluded) and "easy" portions of a scene by automatically sliding the amount of deliberation required.
14
Veto, Peter, Marvin Uhlig, Nikolaus F. Troje und Wolfgang Einhäuser. „Cognition modulates action-to-perception transfer in ambiguous perception“. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31533.
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Can cognition penetrate action-to-perception transfer? Participants observed a structure-from-motion cylinder of ambiguous rotation direction. Beforehand, they experienced one of two mechanical models: An unambiguous cylinder was connected to a rod by either a belt (cylinder and rod rotating in the same direction) or by gears (both rotating in opposite directions). During ambiguous cylinder presentation, mechanics and rod were invisible, making both conditions visually identical. Observers inferred the rod's direction from their moment-by-moment subjective perceptual interpretation of the ambiguous cylinder. They reported the (hidden) rod's direction by rotating a manipulandum in either the same or the opposite direction. With respect to their effect on perceptual stability, the resulting match/nonmatch between perceived cylinder rotation and manipulandum rotation showed a significant interaction with the cognitive model they had previously been biased with. For the “belt” model, congruency between cylinder perception and manual action is induced by same-direction report. Here, we found that same-direction movement stabilized the perceived motion direction, replicating a known congruency effect. For the “gear” model, congruency between perception and action is—in contrast—induced by opposite-direction report. Here, no effect of perception-action congruency was found: Perceptual congruency and cognitive model nullified each other. Hence, an observer's internal model of a machine's operation guides action-to-perception transfer.
15
Porporino, Mafalda. „Developmental differences in global and local perception : is global perception more attention demanding than local perception“. Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30796.
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The primary purpose of the present study was to examine various aspects of local and global perception in groups of children and young adults with average ages of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 22 years. The aspects examined included developmental differences in RT for local and global visual information, the influence of filtering on global and local perception, and role of distracter congruency and compatibility on processing local and global stimuli. At a general level, the findings revealed that participants processed global faster than local stimuli. With the presence of distracters, 6 and 8-year-old participants demonstrated slower RTs for global targets relative to local targets. Distracter congruency or compatibility did not differentially affect global and local processing. However, congruency did appear to be related to differential performance for 6-year old males versus females. These results indicate that the underlying processes involved in global and local perception may be separate, with global perception relying on attentional mechanisms to a greater extent than local perception.
16
Rivera, Marcela Acuna. „Risk Perception and Disorder : Their influence in Perceptions of Safety about Victimization“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510368.
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Desmeules-Trudel, Félix. „Perception des voyelles nasales du français québécois : aspects acoustiques et perceptifs“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30407/30407.pdf.
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Nous effectuons une description acoustique des voyelles nasales (VN) du français québécois (FQ) et du portugais brésilien (PB), langues qui possèdent des VN dans leurs systèmes phonologiques. Nous montrons que les VN du FQ et du PB ont des timbres différents : celles du FQ sont plus dispersées, possèdent un contraste moins important (VN correspondantes) et une plus grande amplitude de mouvement formantique. Nous évaluons également la perception des VN du FQ chez des locutrices du PB. Nous montrons que [œ̃] est difficilement perçue car cette voyelle ne possède pas d’équivalent en PB; le timbre variable et la grande dispersion de [ẽ] rend difficile sa discrimination, mais le mouvement formantique contribue à son identification correcte; [ã] et [ɔ̃] sont plus facilement discriminées, mais [ã] est légèrement moins bien identifiée probablement parce qu’elle chevauche plusieurs catégories, et [ɔ̃] est bien identifiée étant donné ses similarités avec [õ] du PB.We present an acoustic description of nasal vowels (NV) in Quebec French (QF) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP), languages that possess phonological NV in their inventories. We show that QF and BP NV have different vowel qualities: QF NV are more dispersed than BP’s, smaller contrast (for corresponding NV), and greater amplitude of formantic movement. We also assess discrimination and identification abilities of BP speakers for QF NV. We show that [œ̃] is difficult to perceive because it has no equivalent in Portuguese; variability of [ẽ]’s quality and its important dispersion makes it difficult to discriminate, while its formant movement contributes to its correct identification; [ã] and [ɔ̃] are more easily discriminated, but [ã] is misidentified in a greater proportion because it overlaps several categories, while [ɔ̃] is more easily identified because of its similarities with BP’s [õ].
18
Gardelle, Vincent de. „Quand la perception devient consciente : intégration contextuelle d'une information perceptive dégradée“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066752.
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Dans cette thèse nous avons isolé expérimentalement des propriétés de la perception consciente, en étudiant la perception dégradée d’un stimulus et les effets du contexte sur cette perception. Tout d’abord nous avons montré que l’élaboration des percepts conscients intégrant le stimulus et le contexte peut donner lieu à des illusions. Ensuite, nous avons montré une interaction entre conscience et informations visuelles de hautes et basses fréquences spatiales : seule l’information pertinente dans la tâche bénéficie de la conscience. Finalement, nous avons montré dans deux études le lien entre traitement catégoriel de l’information et conscience, avec des stimuli simples (orientation visuelle) ou complexes (visages). Nos résultats s’intègre dans un modèle à différents niveaux de traitement accessibles indépendamment à la conscience, interagissant de manière bayésienne. Nous discutons également le sens fonctionnel de la catégorisation dans la perception consciente
19
Barazeghi, Roya, Alexander Hagring und Fredrik Klint. „Strategy Perception : A Qualitative Study of Perception Differences and Similarities“. Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16120.
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Strategy is an important part of any business. To become successful, a company must put a lot of effort into creating a strong and feasible strategy. To eliminate problems to follow the strategy it should be clear and jointly formulated. However, a problem could still be that the strategy is perceived and understood differently by managers and em-ployees within the company. This could implicate issues because these persons are ex-pected to follow the strategy and adopt their plans according to it. In this study we in-vestigate how the perceptions of a strategy differ among employees within an organisa-tion. This study is made with Yoigo, which is a Spanish telecommunication company that recently finished the creation of a new strategy.In this research, a qualitative method was used to collect primary data. Highly standard-ized and open interviews were conducted in Madrid at the Yoigo headquarter. In addi-tion, observations were used as primary data in order to better answer our research ques-tions and to fulfil our purpose.Our results indicate that there are significant differences and similarities in employees’ perception of the strategy. This study also concludes that a company’s internal envi-ronment could affect employees’ strategy awareness. We tested the perception of strat-egy through four different perspectives. The first three are customers, competitors and corporation; these perspectives are pointed out as key factors to a successful strategy (Ohmae, 1982). The fourth perspective was to investigate how perceptions differed in terms of the strategy formation process. Our major findings are that employees’ percep-tions regarding competitors and the strategy process are highly coherent while the op-posite is found about customers and corporation.
20
Sun, Li. „Integrated visual perception architecture for robotic clothes perception and manipulation“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7685/.
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This thesis proposes a generic visual perception architecture for robotic clothes perception and manipulation. This proposed architecture is fully integrated with a stereo vision system and a dual-arm robot and is able to perform a number of autonomous laundering tasks. Clothes perception and manipulation is a novel research topic in robotics and has experienced rapid development in recent years. Compared to the task of perceiving and manipulating rigid objects, clothes perception and manipulation poses a greater challenge. This can be attributed to two reasons: firstly, deformable clothing requires precise (high-acuity) visual perception and dexterous manipulation; secondly, as clothing approximates a non-rigid 2-manifold in 3-space, that can adopt a quasi-infinite configuration space, the potential variability in the appearance of clothing items makes them difficult to understand, identify uniquely, and interact with by machine. From an applications perspective, and as part of EU CloPeMa project, the integrated visual perception architecture refines a pre-existing clothing manipulation pipeline by completing pre-wash clothes (category) sorting (using single-shot or interactive perception for garment categorisation and manipulation) and post-wash dual-arm flattening. To the best of the author’s knowledge, as investigated in this thesis, the autonomous clothing perception and manipulation solutions presented here were first proposed and reported by the author. All of the reported robot demonstrations in this work follow a perception-manipulation method- ology where visual and tactile feedback (in the form of surface wrinkledness captured by the high accuracy depth sensor i.e. CloPeMa stereo head or the predictive confidence modelled by Gaussian Processing) serve as the halting criteria in the flattening and sorting tasks, respectively. From scientific perspective, the proposed visual perception architecture addresses the above challenges by parsing and grouping 3D clothing configurations hierarchically from low-level curvatures, through mid-level surface shape representations (providing topological descriptions and 3D texture representations), to high-level semantic structures and statistical descriptions. A range of visual features such as Shape Index, Surface Topologies Analysis and Local Binary Patterns have been adapted within this work to parse clothing surfaces and textures and several novel features have been devised, including B-Spline Patches with Locality-Constrained Linear coding, and Topology Spatial Distance to describe and quantify generic landmarks (wrinkles and folds). The essence of this proposed architecture comprises 3D generic surface parsing and interpretation, which is critical to underpinning a number of laundering tasks and has the potential to be extended to other rigid and non-rigid object perception and manipulation tasks. The experimental results presented in this thesis demonstrate that: firstly, the proposed grasp- ing approach achieves on-average 84.7% accuracy; secondly, the proposed flattening approach is able to flatten towels, t-shirts and pants (shorts) within 9 iterations on-average; thirdly, the proposed clothes recognition pipeline can recognise clothes categories from highly wrinkled configurations and advances the state-of-the-art by 36% in terms of classification accuracy, achieving an 83.2% true-positive classification rate when discriminating between five categories of clothes; finally the Gaussian Process based interactive perception approach exhibits a substantial improvement over single-shot perception. Accordingly, this thesis has advanced the state-of-the-art of robot clothes perception and manipulation.
21
Miller, Laurie Kathleen. „Theatre of perception“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21591.
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Hospedales, Timothy. „Bayesian multisensory perception“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2156.
Annotation:
A key goal for humans and artificial intelligence systems is to develop an accurate and unified picture of the outside world based on the data from any sense(s) that may be available. The availability of multiple senses presents the perceptual system with new opportunities to fulfil this goal, but exploiting these opportunities first requires the solution of two related tasks. The first is how to make the best use of any redundant information from the sensors to produce the most accurate percept of the state of the world. The second is how to interpret the relationship between observations in each modality; for example, the correspondence problem of whether or not they originate from the same source. This thesis investigates these questions using ideal Bayesian observers as the underlying theoretical approach. In particular, the latter correspondence task is treated as a problem of Bayesian model selection or structure inference in Bayesian networks. This approach provides a unified and principled way of representing and understanding the perceptual problems faced by humans and machines and their commonality. In the domain of machine intelligence, we exploit the developed theory for practical benefit, developing a model to represent audio-visual correlations. Unsupervised learning in this model provides automatic calibration and user appearance learning, without human intervention. Inference in the model involves explicit reasoning about the association between latent sources and observations. This provides audio-visual tracking through occlusion with improved accuracy compared to standard techniques. It also provides detection, verification and speech segmentation, ultimately allowing the machine to understand ``who said what, where?'' in multi-party conversations. In the domain of human neuroscience, we show how a variety of recent results in multimodal perception can be understood as the consequence of probabilistic reasoning about the causal structure of multimodal observations. We show this for a localisation task in audio-visual psychophysics, which is very similar to the task solved by our machine learning system. We also use the same theory to understand results from experiments in the completely different paradigm of oddity detection using visual and haptic modalities. These results begin to suggest that the human perceptual system performs -- or at least approximates -- sophisticated probabilistic reasoning about the causal structure of observations under the hood.
23
Pelling, Charlie. „Concepts in perception“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494976.
Annotation:
In this thesis, I examine a 'conceptualist' theory of perceptual experience, according to which: Conceptualism: Any normal human perceptual experience has the representational content that it does exclusively in virtue of its drawing into operation concepts that the subject of the experience possesses at the time of the experience. The main aim of the thesis is to establish whether this theory is true or false.
24
Gisborne, Nikolas Simon. „English perception verbs“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570311.
25
Skelton, Alice Elizabeth. „Infant colour perception“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/77041/.
26
Rhodes, Darren. „Bayesian time perception“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6608/.
Annotation:
Time is an elemental dimension of human perception, cognition and action. Innumerable studies have investigated the perception of time over the last 100 years, but the computational basis for the processing of temporal information remains unknown. This thesis aims to understand the mechanisms underlying the perceived timing of stimuli. We propose a novel Bayesian model of when stimuli are perceived that is consistent with the predictive coding framework – such a perspective to how the brain deals with temporal information forms the core of this thesis. We theorize that that the brain takes prior expectations about when a stimulus might occur in the future (prior distribution) and combines it with current sensory evidence (likelihood function) in order to generate a percept of perceived timing (posterior distribution). In Chapters 2-4, we use human psychophysics to show that the brain may bias perception such that slightly irregularly timed stimuli as reported as more regular. In Chapter 3, we show how an environment of irregularity can cause regularly timed sequences to be perceived as irregular whilst Chapter 4 shows how changes in the reliability of a signal can cause an increased attraction towards expectation.
27
Straub, Julian Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Nonparametric directional perception“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112029.
Annotation:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 239-257).
Artificial perception systems, like autonomous cars and augmented reality headsets, rely on dense 3D sensing technology such as RGB-D cameras and LiDAR. scanners. Due to the structural simplicity of man-made environments, understanding and leveraging not only the 3D data but also the local orientations of the constituent surfaces, has huge potential. From an indoor scene to large-scale urban environments, a large fraction of the surfaces can be described by just a few planes with even fewer different normal directions. This sparsity is evident in the surface normal distributions, which exhibit a small number of concentrated clusters. In this work, I draw a rigorous connection between surface normal distributions and 3D structure, and explore this connection in light of different environmental assumptions to further 3D perception. Specifically, I propose the concepts of the Manhattan Frame and the unconstrained directional segmentation. These capture, in the space of surface normals, scenes composed of multiple Manhattan Worlds and more general Stata Center Worlds, in which the orthogonality assumption of the Manhattan World is not applicable. This exploration is theoretically founded in Bayesian nonparametric models, which capture two key properties of the 3D sensing process of an artificial perception system: (1) the inherent sequential nature of data acquisition and (2) that the required model complexity grows with the amount of observed data. Herein, I derive inference algorithms for directional clustering and segmentation which inherently exploit and respect these properties. The fundamental insights gleaned from the connection between surface normal distributions and 3D structure lead to practical advances in scene segmentation, drift-free rotation estimation, global point cloud registration and real-time direction-aware 3D reconstruction to aid artificial perception systems.
by Julian Straub.
Ph. D.
28
Rikoski, Richard J. „Dynamic sonar perception“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35702.
Annotation:
Thesis (Ph. D. in Marine Robotics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-192).
Reliable sonar perception is a prerequisite of marine robot feature-based navigation. The robot must be able to track, model, map, and recognize aspects of the underwater landscape without a priori knowledge. This thesis explores the tracking and mapping problems from the standpoint of observability. The first part of the thesis addresses observability in mapping and navigation. Features are often only partially observable from a single vantage point; consequently, they must be mapped from multiple vantage points. Measurement/feature correspondences may only be observable after a lag, and feature updates must occur after a delay. A framework is developed to incorporate temporally separated measurements such that the relevant quantities are observable. The second part of the thesis addresses observability in tracking. Although there may be insufficient information from a single measurement to estimate the state of a target, there may be enough information to observe correspondences. The minimum information necessary for a dynamic observer to track locally curved targets is derived, and the computational complexity is determined as a function of sonar design, robot dynamics, and sonar configuration. Experimental results demonstrating concurrent mapping and localization (CML) using this approach to early sonar perception are presented, including results from an ocean autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) using a synthetic aperture sonar at the GOATS 2002 experiment in Italy.
Richard J. Rikoski.
Ph.D.in Marine Robotics
29
Witthoft, Nathan (Nathan S. ). „Experience and perception“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42224.
Annotation:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-123).
To what extent can experience shape perception? In what ways does perception vary across people or even within the same person at different times? This thesis presents three lines of research examining the role of experience on perception. The first section presents evidence from synesthesia suggesting that learning can influence letter-synesthesia pairings and that associative learning can affect relatively early visual processing. The second section examines the role of linguistic categorization in color judgments, finding that language can play an online role even in a relatively simple color discrimination task. The final section examines how perception adjusts over relatively short time scales using face adaptation. The adaptation experiments show that adaptation to faces can improve recognition performance on famous faces. The results further demonstrate that these effects can be obtained without extensive training and that contrary to proposals from experiments using face spaces, that identity based adaptation effects can be found on trajectories which do not pass through the average face.
by Nathan Witthoft.
Ph.D.
30
Caputo, Davide. „Polanski and perception“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3183.
Annotation:
Filmmaker Roman Polanski declares in his autobiography that he was greatly influenced by renowned neuropsychologist Richard L. Gregory (1923-2010), whose work, Polanski claims, gave scientific confirmation to many of his own beliefs regarding the nature of perception. Gregory was a strong advocate for what is referred to as the ‘indirect’ theory of perception, a theoretical model that stresses the agency of cognition, specifically hypothesisation, in the act of perceiving. This analysis of Polanski’s cinema is guided by an exploration of perceptual psychology, with special attention paid to how the theory of indirect perception differs from competing, and often more intuitive, models of perception. The two main focuses of this thesis are: a) to identify the ways in which Polanski’s cinematography is actively informed by neuropsychological research on perception, and b) to discuss the various ways in which the key philosophical implications of the theory of indirect perception find expression in his cinema. My analysis will focus primarily on two (unofficial) ‘trilogies’, what I refer to as the ‘Apartment Trilogy’ of Repulsion (1965), Rosemary’s Baby (1968), and The Tenant (1976), and the ‘Investigation Trilogy’ of Chinatown (1974), Frantic (1988) and The Ninth Gate (1999). Also included are minor case studies of Knife in the Water (1962), Death and the Maiden (1994), and The Ghost (2010). This thesis hopes to demonstrate the manner in which Polanski’s cinematic engagement with perceptual psychology evolves over his career, from more psychologically intimate explorations of the perceptual mechanism via portrayals of schizophrenia in his earlier films, to more distant studies of highly proficient perceiving bodies who are nevertheless confronted with serious challenges to their perceptual (and epistemological) frameworks.
31
Lauer, Shanda Deleen. „On Distance Perception“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27943.
Annotation:
A crucial, but little studied, visual function involves estimating distance from the self to an object in the environment (absolute distance perception). This is a fundamental component in the creation of our perception of the 3D world and is likely to be affected by alcohol, and be a factor in drunk driving accidents. To better understand which visual cues observers use to determine distance, participants completed a series of psychophysical judgments under different viewing conditions. By controlling and isolating specific distance cues through a novel viewing apparatus, we were able to investigate which cues are used to accurately judge distance. Alcohol intoxication allows us to selectively investigate the specific visual systems that are and are not involved in contributing to the accuracy of this type of task. Finally, an investigation of the effects of training and feedback on distance estimation tasks in a real 3D environment was also conducted. In summary, this research attempted to uncover not only how the visual system processes spatial information, but also how visual processing changes with alcohol intoxication with implications for understanding alcohol-related visual-spatial dysfunction that may arise in drunk driving. These findings will then be applied to a real world, 3D outdoor environment while investigating the impact of training and feedback on a distance estimation task.The Office of the Graduate School and Interdisciplinary Studies Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship Award
William W. Beatty Psychology Fund
32
Montjoy, Ashley Nicole. „Lost in Perception“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42648.
Annotation:
Lost in Perception is a manuscript of narrative poems that are unflinching honest explorations of the selfâ emotional states-of-mind such as anxiety and anger, and states-of-being such as feelings of self-worthlessness. Confessional in nature these poems derive from familial relationships, domestic abuse, desire, sex and/or a combination of the aforementioned. To an extent, Lost in Perception is a manuscript of a diarist. It features a number of poems concerning a romantic relationship with an alcoholic that present a cohesive narrative within the collection. The narrator in Lost in Perception views the self as divergent from the self it once was and should be againâ the self lacks well-being or wholenessâ to become whole again most of the poems turn toward the natural world. The narrator perceives the self as existing in an unnatural state and what exists in nature is harmonious. The narrator wishes to take something from nature and apply to the self such that the self becomes whole again. There are two primary landscapes within Lost in Perceptionâ Florida coastal lands and Southwest Virginia Appalachian foothills and valleys. The natural world is also the space where the narrator enacts an emotional response to work through personal turmoil. The narrator turns toward nature as a place to figure out and/or admit something about the self, rid the self of negativity and to articulate a desireâ primarily for change to occur. Lost in Perception is an unabashed and clear presentation of an individual who once felt whole, but who now feels broken or stuck.Master of Fine Arts
33
Ivanoff, E. Amy R. „Perception and reverie“. The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303329146.
34
Buxton, Roger Gillette. „Perception and reality“. The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322761757.
35
Peebles, Graham. „Perception and judgement“. Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5080/.
Annotation:
In this thesis, I am arguing for a single claim, namely that perceptual experiences are judgements, and I am arguing for it in a very specific way. This has not been a popular theory, although some have defended similar theories. One main reason that this has been a historically unpopular theory is to do with the problems of conflicting beliefs. I can see (strictly speaking, experience) the Müller-Lyer lines as being of different lengths, they look different lengths, and yet I know that they are the same length. Hence, I have explicit contradictory judgements on a judgement-theory of experiences. However, despite this being the major historical obstacle, two widely held theses in the philosophy of perception in recent times also stand as an impediment to this theory, namely the theses that experiences have a phenomenal character which individuates them from judgements, and that experiences, unlike judgements or beliefs, have non-conceptual content. I seek to offer an ''incremental defence'' of the judgement-theory of experiences by arguing in stages against the competing theories, and defending the judgement-theory from the objections that arise from the motivations for these other theories. As regards the phenomenal character of experience, I argue that once the representational theory is accepted, the path is open, should a range of individuating conceptual contents for experiences be found, to analyse the psychology of experience in terms of this content. I define this conceptual content, and then I motivate and defend the theory that experiences are judgements.
36
Llamas, Joseph M. „The Perception Gap: Sociodemographic Factors Affecting Teacher Perceptions of Students in Urban Schools“. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE, 2012. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3491034.
37
Tucker, Sheri Lynn. „PERCEPTION INFLUENCED BY PHENOMENA: IDENTIFY CORE-SUBJECT TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF CAREER TECHNICAL EDUCATION“. CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/874.
Annotation:
The purpose of this study is to identify the perception influenced by phenomena impacting core-subject teacher perceptions of career technical education (CTE). Studies show that CTE is highly successful at preparing California’s students for college and career (Friedman, 2006). However, some educators see “CTE maintain less value in helping to encourage student success” (Shanklin, 2014, p. 3). The phenomenological study examined the perception influencing lived experiences with focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Core-subject teachers participated in these face-to-face interviews. Findings show that core-subject teachers are biased against CTE. Analysis of the survey results determined perception influenced by phenomena experienced by core-subject instructors included perfectionistic characteristics among parents, a society obsessed with outdoing the other person and very little evidence of educational reforms. The study asked questions to raise the teachers’ perceptions of the rigor and relevance in CTE, to identify support that teachers give students applying to CTE instead of college, and how do teachers support the integrated curriculum. Future results will see educational leaders and teachers improve the perception of CTE using new training. A policy change would allow English Language Learners exiting an English Language Development centered schedule on being eligible for CTE at any age. Essential to the future of CTE are (1) lengthening the school day to accommodate a more diversified schedule and (2) eliminating the requirement to stay in one industry sector for up to four years.
38
Hayes, Rachel Anne. „Speech perception in infancy : infants' perception of rhyming and alliterative syllables“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248118.
39
Jarvstad, Andreas. „The optimality of perception and cognition : the perception-cognition gap explored“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/24208/.
Annotation:
The ability to choose wisely is crucial for our survival. Yet, the received wisdom has been that humans choose irrationally and sub-optimally. This conclusion is largely based on studies in which participants are asked to make choices on the basis of explicit numerical information. Lately, our ability to make such high-level choices has been contrasted with our ability to make low-level (perceptual or perceptuo-motor) choices. Remarkably, we seem able to make near-optimal low-level choices. Taken at face value, the discrepancy gives rise to a perception-cognition gap. The gap implies, for example, that our ancestors were much better at choosing where to put their feet on a rocky ridge (a perceptuo-motor task), compared to choosing which prey to hunt (a cognitive task).The work reported herein probes this gap. There are many differences between literatures showing optimal and sub-optimal performance. The main approach taken here was to match low- and high-level tasks as closely as possible to eliminate such differences. When this is done one finds very little evidence for a perception-cognition gap. Moreover, once the standards of performance assessment of the respective literature are applied to data generated under such conditions it becomes apparent that the cause of the gap seems to lie in the standards themselves. When low-level standards are applied, human choice, whether low- or high-level, looks good. When high-level standards are applied, human choice, whether low- or high-level, looks rather poor. It is easy to see then, that applying high-level standards to high-level tasks, and low-level standards to low-level tasks, will give rise to a “gap”, with no or little actual difference in performance.
40
Clermont, Angéla. „L'autisme et la perception du temps selon le modèle du surfonctionnement perceptif“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68403.
Annotation:
Cette étude se classe dans le domaine de la psychologie de la perception du temps et cherche à documenter comment celle-ci fonctionne chez les autistes. En particulier, elle s’intéresse à l’influence du contexte global sur la perception d’intervalles locaux. Dans cet objectif, un groupe de participants autistes (n = 11) et un groupe contrôle (n = 11) ont effectué une tâche de comparaison d’intervalles allant de 200 à 800 ms. Chaque comparaison d’intervalles sonores est précédée d’une séquence au rythme régulier, l’ensemble étant intégré dans une session aux rythmes multiples. L’expérience comprend quatre sessions dont les propriétés distributionnelles diffèrent. Cette étude mesure l’influence de la modification du rythme moyen d’une session expérimentale (un son à chaque 400 vs 600 ms) ainsi que de son hétérogénéité (différence de 200 vs 400 ms entre le plus court et le plus long intervalle) sur l’erreur constante (EC), l’EC exprimée en valeur absolue et la fraction de Weber. Conformément à ce qu’ont obtenu Jones et McAuley (2005) auprès de non-autistes, les résultats indiquent que chez les deux groupes, la perception temporelle est sujette aux effets du contexte global. De plus, les résultats confirment que la plus grande autonomie de la perception par rapport aux fonctions de haut niveau, caractéristique centrale du fonctionnement cognitif des autistes, influence leur perception du temps. En diminuant l’influence du contexte, cette particularité favorise tant la perception que la discrimination. Finalement, l’analyse de tous les intervalles compris dans l’expérience indique, en moyenne, de moins grands écarts d’estimation ainsi qu’une meilleure discrimination temporelle chez les autistes. Pris dans leur ensemble, les résultats appuient le modèle du surfonctionnement perceptif de Mottron et al. (2006), qui soutient que chez les autistes, une plus grande implication des aires cérébrales dédiées à la perception est liée à un traitement de l’information plus efficace.The current study belongs to the field of time perception psychology and attempts to better explain it’s functioning in autistic people. In particular, this work investigates global context effects on local time judgments. Therefore, a group of autistic subjects (n = 11) and a control group (n = 11) performed an auditive interval comparison task. The intervals comprised in the study were ranged between 200 and 800 ms. Every interval comparison followed a regular rhythmic sequence delaminated by brief tones, and the whole was integrated into a multirhythmic session. There were four sessions in the experiment, and each of them had a unique set of distributional properties. This study investigated the impact of modifying a session’s average pace (one sound at every 400 vs 600 ms) and heterogeneity (200 vs 400 ms difference between the shortest and the largest interval) on constant error (CE), CE absolute value and Weber ratio. In addition to confirm what Jones and McAuley (2005) obtained in their original experience with non-autistic subjects, the results indicate that among the two groups, time perception can be influenced by global context. Next, they confirm that time perception and discrimination sensitivity of autistic people are more autonomous toward high level functions, which is a central characteristic of autistics cognitive functioning. By reducing context effect on perception and discrimination, this characteristic helps perception and discrimination. Then, for the average of all durations comprised in this study, time perception and discrimination of autistic people were better than those of non-autistics. Taken into a whole, results support the enhanced perceptual functioning model (EPF) of Mottron and al. (2006), which sustains that among autistics, a greater implication of perceptual brain areas is related to a more effective information processing
41
Arikan, Sandikcioglu Pakize. „Perception With And Without Concepts: Searching For A Nonconceptualist Account Of Perception“. Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615614/index.pdf.
Annotation:
It is agreed upon by many philosophers that perception represents the world to be in a certain way. However, there is disagreement among those philosophers about whether perceptual content is conceptual or not. The aim of this thesis is to provide a clear presentation of the debate and to propose an account of nonconceptual perceptual content that can tackle many philosophical problems related to the issue.
Conceptualism about perceptual content is the view that perceptual content is wholly conceptual. Proponents of this view claim that a subject cannot be in a contentful perceptual state without possessing concepts that fully characterize the content of his experience. The main motivation behind conceptualism is the justificatory role perception is supposed to play in forming perceptual beliefs. It is claimed that if perceptual content provides rational ground or reason for forming perceptual beliefs, it has to be conceptual just like the belief it is a reason for.
However, there are several philosophical problems that arise from such an understanding of perceptual content. Most of them mainly derive from the implausibility of the claim that a subject needs to possess every concept that figures in the characterization of the content of his perceptual state. So, nonconceptualism is based on the assumption that a contentful perceptual state can occur albeit the absence of all or some concepts that characterize the content. Therefore, in this thesis I aim to provide a notion of nonconceptual perceptual content that is epistemically relevant, i.e. that can ground perceptual beliefs in spite of its nonconceptual character.
42
Soteriou, Matthew John. „The particularity of visual perception : veridical hallucination and the concept of perception“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391804.
43
Lindqvist, Felicia. „Who are the Hilltop Youth? : Perception of self vs. Perception of researchers“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96446.
Annotation:
This qualitative study focuses on perceptions of actors within protracted social conflicts and the value of using self-categorization as a tool to increase understanding of conflict actors as a step towards to finding alternative solutions. It compares self-perceptions of the Hilltop Youth, a radical settler group in the West Bank region in the Middle East, to categorizations used in all of the established literature on the group. Five categories that are recurring in the literature on the Hilltop Youth (terrorists, vigilantes, active flank within a social movement, gang, and activist) are contrasted with Self-Categorization theory and will be used as a tool to determine the self-image of the group as displayed in the digital and social media. The findings show that the category that finds common ground between the two perspectives is activists. The Hilltop Youth view themselves as freedom fighters, doing what they are chosen to do: settle the land, already promised to them. Their actions and beliefs translate to political activism this both including building homes and creating outposts as well as conducting “price tag” attacks. The findings underline the difference in perceived realities between the Hilltop Youth and researchers. Concluding the need to incorporate the perspective of the actor itself in order to create a sustainable peace based on the same reality, something that have been overlooked in previous Hilltop Youth research.
44
Linne, Brianne M. „Quantification of oral roughness perception and comparison with mechanism of astringency perception“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1466550825.
45
Turner, Joan F. „TA perception of problem and TA perception of role in teaching Spanish /“. The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487595712159716.
46
Richez, Aurélien. „Perception spatiale et compétences motrice : approche développement et neuropsychologique“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30054/document.
Annotation:
Les théories qui modélisent la perception spatiale chez l'adulte s'accordent à postuler l'existence de liens forts entre la perception et l'action(James, 1892 ; Poincaré, 1902 ; Gibson, 1979 ; Noe, 2004). Une vaste collection de données montre également que ces liens sont présents dans le développement ontogénétique. Ce travail de thèse vise à examiner les implications de tels liens dans le développement de la perception spatiale et d'en identifier les déterminants chez l'enfant. Nous avons mené une série d'expériences, basée sur l'utilisation des paradigmes d'atteignabilité et d'amorçage visuomoteur, autour de la problématique de l'élaboration et l'utilisation des représentations perceptives et sensorimotrices dans la perception spatiale. Nous avons mené ces expériences chez une population d'adultes et d'enfants âgées de 7 à 13 ans avec l'objectif d'évaluer la trajectoire développementale de la perception spatiale. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence des discontinuités dans les trajectoires développementales des différentes tâches proposées. Nous avons mis en évidence les marqueurs de ces changements développementaux dans les performances des tâches d'atteignabilité, d'imagerie motrice et également d'amorçage visuomoteur. Nous interprétons ces résultats comme relevant d'un changement qualitatif de la perception spatiale durant cette période. D'une manière générale, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse apportent des données nouvelles sur le développement de la perception spatiale chez l'enfant, et sont mis en relation avec la littérature en psychologie et en neurosciences du développementSpatial perception and motor skills : a developmental approach
47
Grasso, Roberto. „Aristotle's theory of perception“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18002.
Annotation:
In this work I reconstruct the physical and mental descriptions of perception in Aristotle. I propose to consider the thesis that αἴσθησις is a μεσότης (DA II 11) as a description of the physiological aspect of perception, meaning that perceiving is a physical act by which the sensory apparatus homeostatically counterbalances, and thence measures, the incoming affection produced by external perceptible objects. The proposal is based on a revision of the semantics of the word mesotês in Plato, Aristotle and later Greek mathematicians (mostly Nicomachus of Gerasa). I show how this interpretation fits the text, and how it solves problems that afflict the rival interpretations. I further develop a ‘non-dephysiologizing’ spiritualist reading of the additional description of perception as reception of forms without the matter (DA II 12). I show that Aristotle uses the expression ‘forms without matter’ to describe actually abstracted items in one’s mind rather than the way in which the form are received. In opposition to forms-in-matter, such items are causally powerless and metaphysically sterile: an F-without-matter somewhat determines the subject it is in (one’s mind content F) without qualifying or identifying it as an F-subject. Thus, we have a second ‘mental’ description of perception. Further parts of the thesis are devoted to settle interpretive questions raised by controversial statements about perception found in De Anima II 5 and III 2, and to discuss the question of how the mental and physiological descriptions of perception Aristotle offers are related. My conclusion is that Aristotle’s views combines a form of quasi-dualist vitalism about powers (the faculty of perception, and more generally the soul, are not just irreducible to matter, but also primitive and non-supervenient) which is nonetheless compatible with hylomorphism, and a form of epiphenomenalism (and thence the ‘bottom-up’ determination typical of modern supervenience) with regard to perceptual events (i.e., the activity of perceiving).
48
Chauvin, Maite Andrea. „Food texture and perception“. Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/m_chauvin_101607.pdf.
49
Santoro, Loredana. „Perception during eye movements“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418156.
50
Buscombe, Richard. „Interpersonal perception in tennis“. Thesis, University of Chichester, 2010. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/811/.
Annotation:
The primary aim of the present thesis was to investigate the role that individual and situational factors play in moderating the impact that pre-event expectancies have on judgements of a tennis player's performance. The current programme of research utilised a between subjects design with competitive tennis players (Studies 1 and 2) and undergraduate volunteers (Studies 3, 4 and 5) being assigned to one of four experimental conditions in each study. The results of Study 1 supported past research findings (Buscombe et al., 2006) confirming the role that body language plays in influencing the impressions formed of tennis players. However, the results did not demonstrate expectancy effects with early judgements of a performer failing to influence subsequent ratings of that individual's play. Study 2 found that the participants' level of trait confidence and trait anxiety did not moderate the impact of body language on judgements of performance. Study 3 demonstrated an interaction between body language and time pressure (F(l, 53)=12.00, p=.OOl) such that when under time pressure the participants rated the target's play more favourably having previously viewed the player displaying positive (M=42.76, SD=7.25) as opposed to negative (M=24.2S, SD=5.lS) body language. As such, it was concluded that time pressure may serve to moderate expectancy effects in sport. Study 3 also indicated that a perceiver's dispositional need for closure did not exert any influence over judgments of the performer. Study 4 demonstrated that increasing the participants' accountability for their judgements did not moderate expectancy effects. However, in line with the results of Study 3, the player's body language was seen to influence ratings of that individual's performance. Employ a reallife target performer, Study 5 demonstrated that prior knowledge of the target player's recent win/loss record influenced the participants' subsequent ratings of that individual's performance (F(l, llS)=lO.72,p=.OOl). Specifically, the participants' ratings of play were more favourable having been presented with a positive (M=41.7, SE=.S7), as opposed to a negative (M=37.74, SE=.S3) prior playing record for the performer. Overall, the thesis indicates that expectancy effects are evident in sport and that the length of time permitted to a perceiver to form a judgement of an athlete may moderate these effects. This thesis provides the first structured examination in the extant literature of the role that individual and situational factors play in moderating expectancy effects in sport. Furthermore, the thesis provides the first indication that expectancy effects may be witnessed in real-life contests between two sports performers.