Dissertationen zum Thema „Peptide mimétique“
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Medali, Tania. „Effet bénéfique de la thiorédoxine et de son peptide mimétique dans l'insuffisance cardiaque“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS198v2.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHeart failure is one of the most devastating human diseases. It is mainly caused by myocardial infarction (MI) which induces obstruction of the coronary artery and loss of the cardiomyocytes. Although limited renewal of cardiomyocytes takes place in the adult heart, it is not sufficient for the regeneration of the contractile function. In contrast, in the postnatal stage, it has been shown that the heart is able to regenerate after injury for 7 days through cardiomyocyte proliferation. At birth, the neonate is exposed to an O2-rich environment, which allows cardiomyocytes to switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic shift causes an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative changes in proteins and lipids and damage to DNA. These alterations result in cell cycle arrest. However, cell cycle arrest can be reversed in hypoxia or by the action of antioxidants capable of neutralizing the effects of ROS. Among the antioxidant systems, thioredoxins (Trx) are a powerful defense system against ROS. Trx-1 (12 kDa), ubiquitous and highly conserved in all species, is localized in the cytoplasm but can be translocated into the nucleus or secreted extracellularly. In addition to its antioxidant properties, Trx-1 also plays an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role. Under the action of two α-secretases (ADAM-10 and ADAM-17), Trx-1 is cleaved at its C-terminus to generate a truncated protein called Trx-80. In contrast to Trx-1, Trx-80 lacks oxidative-reducing activity and exerts potent pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects. Trx-2, localized exclusively in the mitochondria, plays a key role in the detoxification of mitochondrial ROS. Since Trx-1 is cleaved to Trx-80, the use of peptides mimicking its active site thus becomes interesting to evaluate its role in myocardial infarction and bypass the cleavage. Therefore, we used a synthesized mimetic peptide called CB3. This thesis work shows for the first time that CB3 peptide has beneficial effects after MI by improving cardiac functions through cardiac remodeling and cardiac improvement contractility. CB3 is also able to reduce fibrosis, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation which are processes involved in MI. It also induces cell cycle entry and proliferation of cardiomyocytes. These results suggest that CB3 could be a promising therapeutic molecule for MI and heart failure treatment
Rolland, Amandine. „Migration cellulaire : conception, synthèse et évaluation d'analogues synthétiques du peptide PR-21, mimétique de PSA“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCell migration is a complex process. During development, it contributes to cell reaching their final target. during adulthood, cell migration is involved in immune response or pathological processes.Migration is modulated by adhesion molecules. We concentrated on the Neural Cellular Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) which action is regulated by the post traductional addition of polysialic acid (PSA). PR-21 is a mimetic peptide of PSA-NCAM. In previous studies, PR-21 has been shown to stimulate in the migration of meuroblasts from sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb.We designed non-peptidic analogues of PR-21 on the basis of structural analogies. these analogues were tested on various cell migration models : SVZ explants and C6 over-expressing PSA. We then established the need of key structural functions to modulate cell migration
Rolland, Amandine. „Migration cellulaire : conception, synthèse et évaluation d'analogues synthétiques du peptide PR-21, mimétique de PSA“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22049.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCell migration is a complex process. During development, it contributes to cell reaching their final target. during adulthood, cell migration is involved in immune response or pathological processes.Migration is modulated by adhesion molecules. We concentrated on the Neural Cellular Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) which action is regulated by the post traductional addition of polysialic acid (PSA). PR-21 is a mimetic peptide of PSA-NCAM. In previous studies, PR-21 has been shown to stimulate in the migration of meuroblasts from sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) to the olfactory bulb.We designed non-peptidic analogues of PR-21 on the basis of structural analogies. these analogues were tested on various cell migration models : SVZ explants and C6 over-expressing PSA. We then established the need of key structural functions to modulate cell migration
Smith, Rémy. „Caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle de vieillissement de macrophages in vitro et évaluation de l'efficacité thérapeutique d'un peptide mimétique de la thiorédoxine-1“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS727.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring aging, a low-grade chronic inflammation develops at the cellular, tissue, and circulating levels, known as inflamm'aging. It is defined as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes and is considered as a common etiological mechanism for age-related pathologies. Inflamm'aging is primarily attributed to immune response alterations (immunosenescence) and the accumulation of senescent cells (SC) in aged tissues. SC are characterized by cell cycle arrest (p16INK4a and p21CIP induction) and the expression of senescence markers such as SA-β-Gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity). SC also adopt a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1...), thus contributing to inflamm'aging establishment. The accumulation of SC leads to chronic activation of innate immune cells, particularly macrophages. Macrophages are highly phenotypically plastic cells that can adapt their physiology based on the tissue microenvironment. Recent studies have described that macrophages undergo phenotypic adaptation in the SC-rich tissue microenvironment, adopting a senescent-like phenotype characterized by high expression of p16Ink4a, SA-β-Gal, and inflammation markers. Aged macrophages also exhibit metabolic alterations corresponding to a pro-inflammatory metabolic phenotype, including increased glycolysis. Furthermore, they have reduced capacity to respond to inflammatory signals and carry out phagocytic activity, leading to the accumulation of senescent cells and chronic inflammation. Limiting the accumulation of senescent cells and associated inflamm'aging is a major challenge in preventing age-related pathologies. One potential therapeutic strategy involves the use of senomorphic molecules to modulate the SASP of SC and mitigate inflamm'aging. In this context, we are particularly interested in thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1). Trx-1 is an oxidoreductase that exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through its catalytic site (-Cys32-Gly-ProCys35-). However, it can be cleaved, through a mechanism that is still poorly understood, into a truncated form, Trx-80, which exacerbates inflammation. Notably, Trx-80 increases in the plasma of healthy and aged subjects at the expense of Trx-1. Given that, the therapeutic use of Trx-1 during aging is compromised by its cleavage, we have developed a new strategy based on a tripeptide, mimicking the catalytic site of Trx-1 and its effects, called CB3. We have previously demonstrated that CB3 exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of vascular inflammation. However, the beneficial effects of CB3 in the context of aging remain to be demonstrated. For this purpose, we characterized a new model of macrophage aging in vitro, based on comparing a normal culture (day 2) with prolonged cultures (7 and 14 days) of peritoneal macrophages derived from 3-month-old mice. The D14 cultures express all previously described markers of senescence and immunosenescence, enabling us to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CB3. It is capable of reducing SASP, expression levels of p16INK4a, p21CIP, and reinitiating the cell cycle by increasing EdU incorporation. These results have led to the development of a relevant model for studying the altered functions and characteristics of macrophages during aging, as well as a new therapeutic approach to counteract senescence and inflamm'aging
Canesi, Fanny. „Les peptides mimétiques de la Thiorédoxine-1 : nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique pour les maladies cardiovasculaires“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS500.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOxidative stress and inflammation play a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory protein with atheroprotective effects. However, in vivo cleavage of Trx-1 generates a truncated pro-inflammatory protein, Trx-80, which compromises the therapeutic use of Trx-1. The aim of my thesis is to characterize a new therapeutic strategy based on Trx-mimetic peptides (TxMP) for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We synthesized a small peptide based on the active site of Trx-1 named CB3. Firstly, CB3 was validated on cultured peritoneal murine macrophages (cellular viability, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory responses). Secondly, the atherosclerotic mouse model (ApoE2.Ki) fed a high fat diet was intraperitoneally injected with CB3 to measure their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. Our results clearly showed that, similar to the full length Trx-1, CB3 exerts protective effects by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages and in ApoE.Ki mice. The atheroprotective effect of CB3 opens promising therapeutic approaches for treatment of atherosclerosis
Peter, Jean-Christophe. „Des peptides et peptido-mimétiques ligands de récepteurs cardio-vasculaires“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleG protein coupled receptor are involved in various metabolic functions. This receptor family represents the main target of cardiovascular and neurological used drugs. The 2 adrenergic receptor (2AR) and the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2Ach-R) belong to this family and are implicated in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. Many studies show the importance of the second extracellular loop of GPCR on their activity in particular in some autoimmune diseases. The first part of this work concern the 2AR. Using a functional monoclonal antibody against the human 2AR, a scFv fragment with high affinity for the target epitope was constructed and produced. The fragment recognized the ß2-adrenergic receptors on A431 cells, blocked cAMP accumulation induced by the ß2-agonist salbutamol, and decreased basal cAMP accumulation in the same cells. Their in vitro activity was tested on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The antibody fragments blocked the chronotropic activity induced by the ß2-agonist clenbuterol. They also decreased the in vivo heart beating frequency of mice pretreated with bisoprolol (a ß1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) for 4 minutes after injection. Cyclic peptides derived from the CDR of the scFv 6H8 were produced. The CDR H1 was not used because of its total insolubility in water. Kinetic contants of interaction with their target peptides were determined by SPR technology for the CDR peptides L2, L3 and H3. The CDR H2, L1 et L2 behaved as negative allosteric modulator of the 2AR, they inhibited in a non competitive manner the increase of spontaneous beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes induced by an increasing dose of clenbuterol. The CDR H3 and L3 behaved as positive allosteric modulators of the 2AR by increasing the clenbuterol effect on these cells. The second part of this work concern the modulation of the M2Ach-R activity using two different strategies. First, we investigated the in vivo consequences on heart rate of such antibodies in mice immunized with a peptide derived from the second extracellular loop of the M2AChR. Nine mice, immunized with a peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the second extracellular loop of the M2AChR were compared to 9 mice immunized with an irrelevant peptide. Sera of mice immunized with the M2ACh-R derived peptide recognized the M2ACh-R on immunoblots and enhanced the agonist activity of carbachol towards the M2AChR transfected in CHO cells. In vivo, no difference could be shown in heart rate nor in heart rate variability between the two groups of mice. In contrast, the decrease in heart rate induced by carbachol was more pronounced in the M2AChR immunized mice compared to the control mice. The increase in heart rate induced by atropine, gallamine and isoproterenol were alike significantly attenuated in the M2ACh-R immunized mice compared to the control mice. Analysis of heart rate variability further argued for an increased parasympathetic response to the different drugs in the M2ACh-R immunized mice. Antibodies raised against the M2AChR can behave as positive M2AchR allosteric modulators in vivo. They might be protective in boosting the activity of the parasympathetic drive to the heart, in particular in patients with a high sympathetic tone. The second strategy was, to construct and produce a single chain variable fragment, from a partial agonist monoclonal antibody directed against the M2ACh-R. It showed high affinity for its target epitope. The fragment is able to recognize its receptor on Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the M2ACh-R, to block the effect of carbachol on this receptor and to exert an inverse agonist activity on the basal activity of the receptor. The antibody fragment is also able to increase the basal rhythm of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and to inhibit in a non-competitive manner the negative chronotropic effect of carbachol. This antibody fragment is able to exert its inverse agonist activity in vivo on mice heart activity. This works shows that recombinant monovalent antibody fragments directed against te second extracellular loop of GPCR have inverse agonist activity. Bivalent antibodies directed against the same target, show an allosteric positive activity on the receptor. Peptides derived from CDR of the scFv 6H8, keep a pharmacological function, they act as allosteric modulators of the 2AR. These scFv and cyclic peptides may represent leads for a new class of allosteric modulators of GPCR. They also represent tools for understanding of the activation mechanisms of GPCR
Ma, Xin. „Synthèse de mimétiques de gamma-"turns"“. Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMuzard, Julien. „Glycoprotéine VI plaquettaire : développement d'un fragment d'anticorps recombinant anti-thrombotique et d'un peptido-mimétique“. Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGlycoprotein VI (GPVI), the major receptor for platelet activation by collagens, plays an important role in arterial thrombosis, a pathologic process common to cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of GPVI-collagen interaction could represent an attractive strategy to develop antithrombotic molecules. Two approaches were evaluated in this study : 1) Blocking GPVI with a recombinant antibody fragment, and 2) Using a soluble peptidomimetick witch compete with GPVI for binding to collagen. Strategy 1 : Starting from 9O12. 2 hybridoma secreting a monoclonal IgG, a recombinant single chain antibody fragment was design and expressed as a recombinant protein in the periplasm of bacteria. It retains the binding proprietes of the parental IgG (high affinity, neutralisation of GPVI-collagen interaction). Purified scFv is able to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro in conditions which mimick the arterial flow. The humanized scFv were next obtained an it can be use as a starting block to design a recombinant therapeutic humanized Fab fragment. Strategy 2 : After screening of a random dodecapeptide library expressed at the bacterial surface with the neutralizing antibody IgG 9O12. 2, solubles peptidomimeticks of human GPVI were identified. One of them were synthetized as constrained peptide. It binds to collagen, compete with GPVI for binding to collagen (KD=10"8M). Fibrosis (collagen accumulation) was detected in vivo using radiolabelled peptide. This capacity to bind to collagen is used to develop an non invasive isotopic imagery method for the diagnostic and the evolution of fibrosis
Andriuzzi, Olivia. „Vers de nouveaux inhibiteurs de glycosidases de type glyco- ou peptido- mimétique : synthèse et évaluation biologique“. Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05P630.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConception of glycosidases inhibitors is a task of major interest in therapeutical chemistry. The purpose of this thesis was the synthesis and the biological evaluation of potential inhibitors : Glycomimetic inhibitors, mimicking the substrate or its transition state within the active site. Access to cyclooctanic carbasugars and aminocyclitols from D-mannitol bis-epoxides involves a key step of carbacyclisation by ring closing metathesis or by pinacolic coupling. Peptidomimetic inhibitors, mimicking tendamistat's b turn, powerfull inhibitor of a-amylase. Access to the 1,4-diazepan-2-one scaffold involves two key intermediates : an amino-epoxyde, obtained from D-iso ou L-ascorbic acid and an amino acid. The two key steps are : the opening of the epoxide by the amine functionnality of the aminoacide and the peptidic coupling between the carboxylic acid of the aminoacid and the amine functionality of the amino-epoxyde
Granier, Sébastien. „Interaction des récepteurs de la vasopressine avec leurs partenaires intracellulaires : Approche peptido-mimétique, pharmacologique et protéomique“. Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMauran, Laura. „Foldamères stabilisateurs d’hélices peptidiques : Applications à l’inhibition d’interactions protéine-protéine“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0908.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleΑ-Helices are key elements of biomolecular recognition, as reflected by the fact that a large fraction of the protein-protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) feature helical interfaces. However, short isolated peptide helices are generally only weakly populated in aqueous environment and are sensitive to proteolytic degradation, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. Various chemical approaches have been proposed to increase the helix folding propensity of α-peptides. One strategy is to pre-organize the first amide bonds through the use of a "capping box" or a hydrogen bond surrogate. Recently we became interested by the possibility to interface peptide and foldamer helical backbones in order to develop “block co-foldamers“, to generate new generations of α-helix mimics. In our laboratory, we have developed oligourea foldamers which are organized to form helical structures. The similarities in helix screw sense, pitch, and polarity between the peptide α-helix and the oligourea 2.5-helix suggested that it would be feasible to combine these two backbones. In this thesis, we have shown that the resulting oligourea/α-peptide chimeras form well-defined helical structures in polar organic solvents with the propagation of a continuous intramolecular hydrogen bonding network spanning the entire sequence. These studies provided a rationale for the use of the oligourea backbone which is strongly biased towards helix formation could lead to the development of pre-organized caps for the initial four amide NHs and the final four carbonyl groups of a peptide α-helix. We have therefore studied the influence of short oligourea fragments on the stabilization of model water-soluble peptide sequences in α-helices, leading to the development of the foldamer capping box. This strategy awas pplied for the first time to the design of potent inhibitors of protein/protein interactions (e.g. p53/MDM2)
Vezenkov, Lubomir. „Synthesis, biological and structural analysis of organized biomimetic systems“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13502/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs a part of a program for foldamer design two ¦Â-turn mimetics (3S)-amino-5-(carboxylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one or DBT and 2-aminomethyl-phenyl-acetic acid or AMPA were selected as frameworks from a molecular modeling study for their suitability to adopt helical structure. At first we developed a highly efficient scale up synthesis of the DBT moiety protected by 9-fluorenylmetoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group. By standard solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) we synthesized DBT oligomers of different lenghts and modifications were introduced at their N-terminus. Our first task was to perform structural analysis of the oligomers by NMR and X-Ray. Numerous NOE interactions in the DBT pentamer and hexamer molecules were detected by NMR 2D NOESY experiments. These data strongly suggest the organization of these DBT oligomers. Small crystals were obtained from the same molecules in DMSO but at the time being their size is not importan t enough for X-Ray crystallography studies. In a parallel study we hypothesized that short oligomers constructed by DBT or AMPA frameworks could translocate the cellular membrane and could be used as new cell penetrating non-peptides - CPNP. Even though these compounds are not charged as most cell penetrating peptides (CPP)5 or CPNP, we considered that by virtue of their aromaticity, hydrophobicity and their well-organized structure they could have a non-specific interaction with the lipid bilayer and thus be internalized into the cell. Short oligomers were synthesized on Rink amide (RA) resin following SPPS methodology and labelled at their N-terminus with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). At first the cellular uptake of the (DBT)2-4 oligomers in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was analyzed by fluorescence emission measurement and compared to the potent and well-studied CPP octa-arginine (Arg)8 as a positive control and carboxyfluorescein as a negative control. The highest intracellular fluorescence intensity was found for (DBT)4 with a drastic decrease (>4-times) for (DBT)3 and (DBT)2 oligomers. Thus, the cellular uptake appeared length-dependent with an increase of the internalization with the oligomer size. Moreover, the amount of (DBT)4 that was internalized was more significant than that of (Arg)8 despite the fact that it is uncharged. By confocal microscopy we determined that (DBT)4 is mainly localized in the endosomes after 3 hours of incubation and in the lysosomes after 16 hours of incubation. Altogether, these data indicate the ability of these oligomers to target the endolysosomal pathway. Although most of the initial drug delivery studies aimed to avoid lysosomal addressing to prevent subsequent drug degradation, more recent studies demonstrated the relevant clinical utility to target this compartment for drug delivery in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases, Alzheimer¡¯s disease, and cancer.While analyzing the internalization efficiency of our CPNP we decided to straightforward evaluate their concentration inside the cells. We studied our compounds internalization by total fluorescence emission measurement and by confocal microscopy but none of these techniques gave us the possibility to determine the exact amount of compound internalized per cell. A study reported by Burlina et al. brought a great improvement in proposing a highly reproducible quantification method based on MALDI-TOF MS to measure the concentration of the internalized peptides. However, after cell lysis, this method requires the capture of the biotin-labelled CPP by streptavidin coated magnetic beads. This step is particularly critical for the accuracy of the quantification. This is the reason why we decided to develop a new general methodology based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) which does not require any purification or separation steps. We studied the internalization of CPP/CPNP compou nds by using an UV light-absorbing tag alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA) and preparing the samples in a neutral matrix such as alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic methyl ester (HCCE). This combination (HCCA tag and HCCE matrix) enabled us to discriminate MS signals induced by peptides of interest that were present in low concentration from those of unlabelled more abundant peptides. By addition of a precise amount of deuterated-HCCA-tagged CPP/CPNP prior the MALDI TOF MS experiment, the internalized CPP/CPNP could be quantified on the basis of the ratio between the [M+H]+ peaks of the deuterated and nondeuterated HCCA-tagged CPP.Another direction for research was to synthesize bioconjugates between our newly discovered CPNP and some biologically active compounds that are unable to cross the cell membrane. We selected pepstatine which is a powerful transition state inhibitor of the Cathepsin D (CD). Pepstatine while a very potent inhibitor of the CD is unable to cross the cellular membrane. Moreover pepstatine activity in vitro or in vivo is hampered by its poor solubility in water. CD is a soluble lysosomal aspartic endopeptidase synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum as preprocathepsin D (pCD).12 Upon entering the acidic endosomal and lysosomal compartments proteolytic cleavages of the pCD result in the formation of the active enzymatic form of CD. Under normal physiological conditions pCD is sorted to the lysosomes and found intracellularly but in some pathological and physiological conditions like cancer pCD/CD escape the normal targeting mechanism and is secreted from the cell. Once secreted to the outside, pCD can be endocytosed via M6PR or yet unknown receptor by both cancer cells and fibroblasts. The endocytosed pCD undergoes maturation into the enzymatically active CD. An enzymatic activity of CD outside of the cell or inside the endosomes could be responsible for the activation of several growth factors and growth factor receptors. Several groups have proven that the tumour growth is not inhibited by the powerful CD inhibitor pepstatine. These results exclude the importance of the CD enzymatic activity outside of the cell but as already mentioned pepstatine is unable to penetrate into the cell thus CD activation of growth factors inside the endosomes or the lysosomes is still a possibility. Different CPNP-Pepstatine conjugates were synthesized and tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells growth. Some of these conjugates showed high cytotoxicity, probably via a Cathepsin D inhibition in the endosomes or the lysosomes. One o f the most potent tested compounds was JMV4463. This compound was obtained by the conjugation of pepstatine with a CPNP as delivery system (AMPA4) and with solubilizing moiety composed of polyethylene glycol and D-Arginine residue. The good in vitro results obtained with the vectorized pepstatine encouraged us to perform in vivo tests. We performed scale up synthesis of JMV4463 in order to obtain enough product for anti-cancer activity on mice in the near future
Fougère, Cécile. „Nouvelle méthode de synthèse de dérivés phosphiniques : Application à la synthèse de nouveaux biomimétiques dérivés de peptide et de PNA“. Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA132017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of oligonucleotides and peptides as more selective drug is a new strategy more and more studied to treat several diseases. However the main drawback in the use of these macromolecules as therapeutic agent is their poor stability in biological media. A solution could be to synthesize mimetic with improved properties. In our work we focused on the development of oligonucleotide mimics: peptide nucleic acids PNA and on peptide mimic. For these two mimics we choose to replace amide bond in the peptidic or pseudopeptidic structure by a phosphinic linkage, in order to increase for the peptide the stability towards enzymatic degradation and for the PNA to increase the aqueous solubility. First, we developed a new methodology for the obtaining of asymmetric phosphinic acids (R’P(O)OHR’’). This new synthetic strategy is carry out in mild conditions which allowed the use of functionalized substrates. We then apply this methodology to the synthesis of a simple dipeptide Gly[P(O)(OH)CH2]Gly and secondly of a dipeptide Ala[P(O)(OH)CH2]Ala. We evaluated the incorporation of this later dipeptide in the sequence of an antiangiogenic peptide (A-p-AWLPPR). The last aspect of this work was to study several strategies for the obtaining of a phosphinic dimer synthon of PNA: TpT which could be introduced in diverse position in a PNA sequence (TTTTCTTTT): the sequence of HIV-1 polypurin Tract (PPT) RNA
Besch, Guillaume. „Optimisation du contrôle glycémique en chirurgie cardiaque : variabilité glycémique, compliance aux protocoles de soins, et place des incrétino-mimétiques“. Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStress hyperglycemia and glycemic variability are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgery patients. Intravenous (IV) insulin therapy using complex dynamic protocols is the gold standard treatment for stress hyperglycemia. If the optimal blood glucose target range remains a matter of debate, blood glucose control using IV insulin therapy protocols has become part of the good clinical practices during the postoperative period, but implies a significant increase in nurse workload. In the 1st part of the thesis, we aimed at checking the nurse-compliance to the insulin therapy protocol used in our Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit 7 years after its implementation. Major deviations have been observed and simple corrective measures have restored a high level of nurse compliance. In the 2nd part of this thesis, we aimed at assessing whether blood glucose variability could be related to poor outcome in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) patients, as reported in more invasive cardiac surgery procedures. The analysis of data from patients who undergone TAVI in our institution and included in the multicenter France and France-2 registries suggested that increased glycemic variability is associated with a higher rate of major adverse events occurring between the 3rd and the 30th day after TAVI, regardless of hyperglycemia. In the 3rd part if this thesis, we conducted a randomized controlled phase II/III trial to investigate the clinical effectiveness of IV exenatide in perioperative blood glucose control after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Intravenous exenatide failed to improve blood glucose control and to decrease glycemic variability, but allowed to delay the start in insulin infusion and to lower the insulin dose required. Moreover, IV exenatide could allow a significant decrease in nurse workload. The ancillary analysis of this trial suggested that IV exenatide did neither provide cardio protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries nor improve the left ventricular function by using IV exenatide. Strategies aiming at improving nurse compliance to insulin therapy protocols and at reducing blood glucose variability could be suitable to improve blood glucose control in cardiac surgery patients. The use of the analogues of GLP-1 in cardiac surgery patients needs to be investigated otherwise
Bilem, Ibrahim. „Micro-structuration de la surface des matériaux avec ligands bioactifs pour mimer la matrice extra-cellulaire osseuse“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0126/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleActually, it is well-established that maintaining the stemness character of stem cells or eliciting their lineage-specific differentiation is closely related to the nature of their microenvironment, known as stem cell niche. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a key component of stem cell niche, not only provides a support function for stem cells but also dictates their fate decision. From a rational point of view, a biomaterial intended to replace a damaged tissue should mimic the natural ECM in all its aspects, including its biochemistry, 3D structure, topography, porosity, rigidity…. etc. Unfortunately, the design of biomaterials that fully mimic the natural ECM is still a big challenge, due to its high structural and functional complexity. Towards the development of finely-tuned biomaterials, it seems important to start by deconstructing and then reconstructing the complexity of the ECM. In this context, the thesis project, herein, seeks to evaluate both the individual and the synergistic effect of different properties inherent to the natural ECM on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) osteogenic differentiation. Indeed, we investigated whether the biochemical composition of the ECM and the spatial distribution of its components modulate hMSCs osteogenesis. This was achieved by creating different artificial ECMs, in vitro, containing RGD and/or BMP-2 mimetic peptides, distributed randomly or as specific micropatterns on the surface of a model material
Pecher, Julien. „Synthèse, analyse structurale et activité biologique d'insulinomimétiques“. Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIED004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work of thesis consisted in synthesizing antidiabetic peptides with aiming, determining their three-dimensional structure and studying their biological activity during in vitro and in vivo biological essay. Studied peptides derive either from chains A and B isolated from human peptide insulin or described in the literature like having a biological activity. The pharmacological effect of peptides was tested on cellular models and an animal model. The structural studies carried out by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics made it possible to propose a three-dimensional model for two of these peptides. A sequential approach implying the rebuilding of the disulphide bridge starting from derived the sulfhydryl was followed during simulations of about a microsecond. Lastly, a general method of impact study intramolecular disulphide bridge in the folding of peptides was developed by molecular dynamics in the presence of implicit solvent "GB"