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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Pennie, Ross A., 1952-"
1
Fischer, Gad, und Robert G. Gilbert. „Ian Gordon Ross 1926 - 2006“. Historical Records of Australian Science 20, Nr. 1 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09003.
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Ian Gordon Ross (1926?2006) was educated at the University of Sydney (BSc 1943?1946, MSc 1947?1949) and University College London (PhD 1949?1952), did postdoctoral research at Florida State University (1953?1954), and was a staff member at the University of Sydney, 1954?1967. In 1968, he moved to the Australian National University (ANU) as Professor of Chemistry, where he also became Dean of Science (1973), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1977) and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Special Projects) (1989?1990). He was instrumental in setting up Anutech, the commercial arm of the University. He was a driving force behind the establishment of undergraduate and postgraduate engineering at the ANU. His research centred on electronic spectroscopy of pi systems.
2
Solecki, Sam. „New Canadian Library: The Ross-McClelland Years 1952 – 1978 (review)“. University of Toronto Quarterly 78, Nr. 1 (2009): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0466.
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3
Hill, Colin. „New Canadian Library: The Ross-McClelland Years, 1952-1978 By Janet B. Friskney“. Ontario History 100, Nr. 2 (2008): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1065706ar.
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4
Pageot, Édith-Anne. „Une voix féminine dans l’espace public. La Galerie Dominion, 1941-1956“. Globe 11, Nr. 2 (08.02.2011): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000528ar.
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Cet article se penche sur l’apport des femmes (de Rose Millman, d’Iris Westerberg et des femmes artistes) à la Galerie Dominion entre 1941 et 1956. Il s’agit entre autres de cerner le rôle de sa fondatrice, Rose Millman, dans l’orientation de l’institution pour l’art canadien moderne, orientation qui lui donne une spécificité dans l’histoire du marché de l’art au Canada à cette époque. Iris Westerberg, l’épouse du codirecteur Max Stem, joue quant à elle le rôle de bâilleuse de fonds dans l’entreprise. L’analyse des commentaires que Stem a faits à propos de l’implication des femmes dans la galerie permet d’établir la vision libérale qu’il entretenait à l’égard des artistes féminins et de la place des femmes dans le monde des arts. Dans la mesure où il croit à la rentabilité de la chose, Stern accueille leur travail au même titre que celui de leurs collègues masculins. Aussi, entre 1941 et 1956, le nombre d’expositions individuelles consacrées aux artistes féminins à la Galerie Dominion est tout à fait remarquable. En définitive, la présence continue des femmes, en tant qu’artistes et gestionnaires, dans une galerie commerciale de cette envergure participe d’un « féminisme silencieux » qui prépare la voix aux revendications plus radicales des années 1960.
5
Киселева, А. Ю. „Решение задачи оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг с помощью методов многокритериальной оптимизации“. Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2010): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.1.1.2007.64-77.
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В статье исследуются компоненты финансовой отчетности, включение в систему ограничений которых улучшает авторскую модель многокритериальной оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг. Критически анализируются две недавно появившиеся модели многокритериальной оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг. Основоположником современной теории портфельного инвестирования является Г. Марковиц [Markowitz H., 1952]. Также в портфельную теорию внесли значительный вклад Шарп [Sharp W., 1963], Тобин [Tobin J., 1958, 1965], Мертон [Merton R.,1973], Росс [Ross S., 1976]. Эта теория непрерывно совершенствуется. С развитием математического аппарата и вычислительных возможностей появились новые варианты поиска решений по оптимизации портфелей. В 70–80-х годах ХХ века бурное развитие получили методы многокритериальной оптимизации. Этот аппарат применялся автором при исследовании задачи оптимизации портфелей ценных бумаг.
6
Киселева, А. Ю. „Решение задачи оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг с помощью методов многокритериальной оптимизации“. Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 1, Nr. 1 (31.12.2010): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jcfr.2073-0438.vol1.iss1.2007.pp64-77.
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В статье исследуются компоненты финансовой отчетности, включение в систему ограничений которых улучшает авторскую модель многокритериальной оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг. Критически анализируются две недавно появившиеся модели многокритериальной оптимизации портфеля ценных бумаг. Основоположником современной теории портфельного инвестирования является Г. Марковиц [Markowitz H., 1952]. Также в портфельную теорию внесли значительный вклад Шарп [Sharp W., 1963], Тобин [Tobin J., 1958, 1965], Мертон [Merton R.,1973], Росс [Ross S., 1976]. Эта теория непрерывно совершенствуется. С развитием математического аппарата и вычислительных возможностей появились новые варианты поиска решений по оптимизации портфелей. В 70–80-х годах ХХ века бурное развитие получили методы многокритериальной оптимизации. Этот аппарат применялся автором при исследовании задачи оптимизации портфелей ценных бумаг.
7
MARTIN, PAOLA A. R. „Associations, new records, and a new species of Atopsyche from northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae)“. Zootaxa 1367, Nr. 1 (30.11.2006): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1367.1.3.
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The larva, pupa, and the adult male of a new species of Atopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia are described and illustrated. Atopsyche (Atopsaura) yunguensis new species, is close to A. (Atopsaura) lobosa Ross and King 1952 and A.(Atopsaura) spinosa Navás 1930. In the new species the parapods are large, broadened at the tip, and dorsally curved toward the midline, the apical segment of the inferior appendages is curved toward the midline, and the phallotheca bears a dorsal bilobed lobe with lateral spines. Preimaginal stages of A. spinosa and A. callosa are described and illustrated and represent new records from Bolivia. In addition, A. (Atopsyche) kamesa is newly recorded from Argentina.
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Prous, Marko, Katja Kramp, Veli Vikberg und Andrew Liston. „North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)“. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59 (01.09.2017): 1–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12565.
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North-Western Palaearctic species ofPristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new:P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous,sp. n.from Finland andP.dedearaListon & Prous,sp. n.from Germany. Host plant ofP.caraganaeisCaraganaarborescensLam.Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) andP.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe.NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [=Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.],N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [=Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], andN.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [=E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.] are removed from synonymy withP.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808),N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [=P.paralella(Hartig, 1840),comb. n.] is removed from synonymy withP.bufo(Brischke, 1883), andP.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy withP.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed:P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.albitibia(Costa, 1859);LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006,syn. n.withP.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837);NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840,syn. nwithP.carinata(Hartig, 1837);P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.cinctaNewman, 1837;TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838,syn. n.,NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882,syn. n., andP.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953,syn. n.withP.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871);P.atrataLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.friesei(Konow, 1904);P.gelidaWong, 1968,syn. n.withP.frigida(Boheman, 1865);PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931,syn. n.withP.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988,syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001,syn. n.withP.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837);MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959,syn. n.,PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970,syn. n.,PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974,syn. n., andP.mongololaricisHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952);NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876,syn. n.,P.inocreataKonow, 1902,syn. n., andP.discolorLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847);LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955,syn. n.withP.paralella(Hartig, 1840);LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952);P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.,P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002,syn. n.,P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002,syn. n., andP.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871);P.listoniLacourt, 1998,syn. n.withP.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955;P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968,syn. n.withP.testacea(Jurine, 1807); andNematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847,syn. n.withEuuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 isNematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001)comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to thecarinata(previouslyLygaeotus),micronematica(previouslyLygaeophora), andrufipes(also known asthalictrioraquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny ofPristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of thecarinata,micronematica, andrufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).
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Prous, Marko, Katja Kramp, Veli Vikberg und Andrew Liston. „North-Western Palaearctic species of Pristiphora (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)“. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 59 (01.09.2017): 1–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.59.12656.
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North-Western Palaearctic species ofPristiphoraLatreille, 1810 are revised. Altogether, 90 species are treated, two of which are described as new:P.caraganaeVikberg & Prous,sp. n.from Finland andP.dedearaListon & Prous,sp. n.from Germany. Host plant ofP.caraganaeisCaraganaarborescensLam.Pristiphoradasiphorae(Zinovjev, 1993) (previously known from East Palaearctic) andP.cadmaWong & Ross, 1960 (previously known from North America) are recorded for the first time from Europe.NematusnigricansEversmann, 1847 [=Pristiphoranigricans(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.],N.breviusculusEversmann, 1847 [=Euuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837)], andN.caudalisEversmann, 1847 [=E.caudalis(Eversmann, 1847),comb. n.] are removed from synonymy withP.pallidiventris(Fallén, 1808),N.paralellusHartig, 1840 [=P.paralella(Hartig, 1840),comb. n.] is removed from synonymy withP.bufo(Brischke, 1883), andP.mesatlanticaLacourt, 1976 is removed from synonymy withP.insularisRohwer, 1910. The following 29 new synonymies are proposed:P.nigropuncticepsHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.albitibia(Costa, 1859);LygaeonematuskarvoneniLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.alpestris(Konow, 1903); P. (P.) anivskiensis Haris, 2006,syn. n.withP.appendiculata(Hartig, 1837);NematuscanaliculatusHartig, 1840,syn. nwithP.carinata(Hartig, 1837);P.nigrogroenblomiHaris, 2002,syn. n.withP.cinctaNewman, 1837;TenthredoflavipesZetterstedt, 1838,syn. n.,NematuscongenerW.F. Kirby, 1882,syn. n., andP.thomsoniLindqvist, 1953,syn. n.withP.dochmocera(Thomson, 1871);P.atrataLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.friesei(Konow, 1904);P.gelidaWong, 1968,syn. n.withP.frigida(Boheman, 1865);PachynematusnigricorpusTakagi, 1931,syn. n.withP.laricis(Hartig, 1837); Nematus (Pikonema) piceae Zhelochovtsev in Zhelochovtsev and Zinovjev, 1988,syn. n.and P. (P.) hoverlaensis Haris, 2001,syn. n.withP.leucopodia(Hartig, 1837);MesoneuraarcticaLindqvist, 1959,syn. n.,PachynematusincisusLindqvist, 1970,syn. n.,PachynematusintermediusVerzhutskii, 1974,syn. n., andP.mongololaricisHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.malaisei(Lindqvist, 1952);NematusanderschiZaddach, 1876,syn. n.,P.inocreataKonow, 1902,syn. n., andP.discolorLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.withP.nigricans(Eversmann, 1847);LygaeonematustenuicornisLindqvist, 1955,syn. n.withP.paralella(Hartig, 1840);LygaeonematusconcolorLindqvist, 1952,syn. n.withP.pseudocoactula(Lindqvist, 1952);P.flavipictaLindqvist, 1975,syn. n.,P.flavopleuraHaris, 2002,syn. n.,P.mongoloexiguaHaris, 2002,syn. n., andP.mongolofaustaHaris, 2003,syn. n.withP.punctifrons(Thomson, 1871);P.listoniLacourt, 1998,syn. n.withP.sootryeniLindqvist, 1955;P.gaunitziLindqvist, 1968,syn. n.withP.testacea(Jurine, 1807); andNematusbreviusculusEversmann, 1847,syn. n.withEuuramelanocephalus(Hartig, 1837). The valid name of Pachynematus (Pikonema) carpathiensis Haris, 2001 isNematinuscarpathiensis(Haris, 2001)comb. n.Lectotypes are designated for 43 taxa. An illustrated electronic key made with Lucid and a traditional dichotomous key are provided to facilitate identification of the species. Species belonging to thecarinata(previouslyLygaeotus),micronematica(previouslyLygaeophora), andrufipes(also known asthalictrioraquilegiae) groups are not keyed to the species level, because additional research is needed to delimit the species more reliably in these groups. Phylogeny ofPristiphorais reconstructed based on one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear (NaK and TPI) genes. Remarkably, around 50–60% (depending on the exclusion or inclusion of thecarinata,micronematica, andrufipesgroups) of the species cannot be reliably identified based on COI barcodes. Limited data from nuclear genes indicate a better identification potential (about 20% remain problematic).
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Kızıler Emer, Funda, und Ertuğrul Demir. „A thematological comparison between the texts “Sult” by Knut Hamsun and “Der Hungerkünstler” by Franz Kafka and the film “The Hunger Games” by Gary Ross“. Journal of Human Sciences 20, Nr. 1 (15.02.2023): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v20i1.6347.
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In this study, a thematological comparison is made between Knut Hamsun's (1859-1952) “Sult” (1890) and Franz Kafka's (1883-1924) “Der Hungerkünstler” (1922) and the film “The Hunger Games” (2012) directed by Gary Ross (1956-). In this study, which theoretically falls within the scope of comparatistics (comparative literary studies), two cult texts by two distinguished authors from Norwegian and Austrian literature and a famous feature film are analysed comparatively on the axis of a common theme. Knut Hamsun, the Nobel Prize-winning Norwegian writer Knut Hamsun gained worldwide fame with his novel, originally titled “Sult” in Norwegian and translated into Turkish as “Hunger”. The novel, which has autobiographical features, explores the inner world of the main character, who is a writer like Hamsun himself and suffers from both mental and spiritual starvation, while also addressing the changes in social-cultural values, perspectives and living conditions. In his narrative “The Hunger Artist” (“Der Hungerkünstler”), Franz Kafka tells the story of a man who becomes a professional hunger artist and makes a living by starving himself for a long time. In the film “The Hunger Games”, a young woman living in poverty and other lower-class people like her fight for life and death in a game played by the upper classes. The aim of the study is to compare the common theme we have identified in these two cult texts representing the epic genre written in two different European countries with the cinema film “The Hunger Games”, a different media (art) product that became famous in our country in a short time. In this way, the aim of the study is to reveal the similarities and/or differences in the theme of hunger in different arts/media of different times, different countries and different arts/media, and to reveal the basic phenomenon lying behind this, namely the criticism of the bourgeoisie capitalist order, the main common target where the arrows of criticism of the artists meet. (Extended English summary is at the end of this document) Özet Bu çalışmada Knut Hamsun'un (1859-1952) “Sult” (1890) ve Franz Kafka'nın (1883-1924) “Der Hungerkünstler” (1922) adlı metinleri ve Gary Ross’un (1956-) yönettiği “The Hunger Games” (2012) adlı sinema filmi arasında tematolojik bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Kuramsal açıdan komparatistiğin (karşılaştırmalı yazınbilim) kapsam alanına giren bu çalışmada, Norveç ve Avusturya yazınlarından iki seçkin yazarın iki kült metni ile ünlü bir sinema filmi, ortak bir tema ekseninde karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Nobel edebiyat ödüllü Norveçli yazar Knut Hamsun, Norveççe orijinal adı “Sult” olan ve Türkçeye “Açlık” diye çevrilen romanıyla dünya çapında bir ün kazanmıştır. Otobiyografik özellikler taşıyan roman, Knut Hamsun’un kendisi gibi bir yazar olup hem zihinsel hem de ruhsal açıdan büyük bir açlık çeken ana karakterin iç dünyasını keşfe çıkarken, toplumsal-kültürel değerlerin, bakış açılarının ve yaşam koşullarının değişimini de ele alır. Franz Kafka “Açlık Sanatçısı” (“Der Hungerkünstler”) adlı anlatısında, profesyonel bir açlık sanatçısı olup uzun zaman aç kalarak geçimini sağlayan bir adamın öyküsünü anlatır. “Açlık Oyunları” (“The Hunger Games”) filminde ise yoksulluk içerisinde yaşayan genç bir kadının ve onun gibi diğer alt sınıftan gelen insanların, üst sınıflar tarafından oynatılan oyundaki ölüm-kalım savaşını anlatır. Çalışmanın amacı; iki farklı Avrupa ülkesinde kaleme alınan epik türün temsilcisi bu iki kült metinde tespit ettiğimiz ortak temayı, ülkemizde de kısa sürede ünlenen farklı bir medya (sanat) ürünü olan “The Hunger Games” adlı sinema filmiyle karşılaştırmaktır. Bu şekilde çalışmada ulaşılmak istenen hedef; açlık temasının farklı zamanların, farklı ülkelerin, farklı sanatlarında/ medyalarında hangi açılardan benzerlik ve/ veya farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koyarak, bunun arka planında yatan temel olguyu, yani sanatçıların eleştiri oklarının buluştuğu asıl ortak hedefi, burjuvazi kapitalist düzen eleştirisini açığa kavuşturmaktır.
Bücher zum Thema "Pennie, Ross A., 1952-"
1
Friskney, Janet Beverly. New Canadian library: The Ross-McClelland years, 1952-1978. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
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2
Friskney, Janet B. New Canadian library: The Ross-McClelland years, 1952-1978. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.
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3
Unforgiving Tides. Manor House Publishing, Incorporated, 2015.
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4
The Unforgiving Tides: The True Story of a Young Doctor's Encounters with Mud, Medicine, and Magic on a Remote South Pacific Island. Manor House Publishing Inc., 2004.
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5
Friskney, Janet. New Canadian Library: The Ross-Mcclelland Years, 1952-1978. University of Toronto Press, 2016.
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6
New Canadian Library: The Ross-McClelland Years, 1952-1978. University of Toronto Press, 2015.
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7
Slobberknocker: My Life in Wrestling. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2017.
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1
Herriman, Nicholas. „The Last Clunies-Ross Ruler (1952–1978)“. In The Cocos Malays, 135–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10747-4_6.
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2
„9. Montreal 1946–1952“. In As For Sinclair Ross. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442657441-011.
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3
Foppa, Ivo M. „R. Ross (1910, 1911) and G. Macdonald (1952) on the persistence of malaria“. In A Historical Introduction to Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Diseases, 89–105. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-802260-3.00005-5.
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Peppe, Holly. „Introduction“. In Into the World's Great Heart, herausgegeben von Timothy F. Jackson, 1–6. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300245608.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the letters written by Edna St. Vincent Millay before her passing in 1950. It highlights Millay's vast range of interests: music, gardening, cooking, fashion, visual art, world literature, travel, horse racing, astronomy, and social justice. Moreover, Millay expresses deep appreciation for her friendships in correspondence with, such as poets and novelist Elinor Wylie and composer Deems Taylor. The chapter mentions how her letters are frequently marked by endearing and playful language in her closing remarks and signatures. It clarifies that Allan Ross Macdougall's selected edition of Letters of Edna St. Vincent Millay (1952) remains invaluable for insights into Millay's life.
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Buckley, Eve E. „Civilizing the Sertão“. In Technocrats and the Politics of Drought and Development in Twentieth-Century Brazil. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634302.003.0003.
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This chapter contrasts the political interpretation of sertanejos’ endemic illnesses, promulgated by Brazilian sanitarians, with the approach to public health promoted by Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board (IHB) representatives who also worked in Brazil during the 1910s. These contrasting interpretations of the political and racial origins of endemic disease delineate two poles around which subsequent approaches to sertão development turned. Early in the chapter, public health infrastructure in the northeast region is evaluated in relation to states’ limited capacity to assist drought refugees or prevent epidemics in migrant camps, and the efforts of cearense physician Rodolfo Teófilo are emphasized. The remainder of the chapter focuses on a sanitary survey of the sertão undertaken by Belisário Penna and Arthur Neiva in 1912; subsequent public health projects engaged in by Penna (notably the Serviço de Profilaxia Rural, or Rural Sanitation Service) and the Rockefeller Foundation’s International Health Board in Brazil; and the establishment of a national department of public health stemming from these efforts. The analysis emphasizes the racism of IHB director Wickliffe Rose which led him to dismiss the modernizing potential of sertanejos and to attribute their diseases to racial weakness. This is contrasted with Penna’s rejection of racial and climatic determinism.
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Trope, Yaacov, und Ayelet Fishbach. „Going Beyond the Motivation Given: Self-Control and Situational Control Over Behavior“. In The New Unconscious, 537–66. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195149951.003.0020.
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Abstract Yaacov Trope and Ayelet Fishbach A basic theme running through much of the social psychological literature is the idea that the immediate situation is a powerful determinant of human behavior. Inspired by Kurt Lewin’s (1935) field theory, social psychologists have sought to demonstrate that a wide range of human behavior, socially desirable as well as undesirable, is under the control of immediate situational forces (Asch, 1952; Cartwright, 1959; Milgram, 1963). Indeed, the field of social psychology has been defined as the study of situational determinants of thought, feeling, and action (Ross & Nisbett, 1991). Research on automaticity has provided a new impetus to the study of situational control over behavior (Bargh, 1990, 1994; Bargh & Chartrand, 1999; Wegner & Bargh, 1998). This research suggests that situational cues can govern behavior without being consciously processed and without making a deliberate choice of an appropriate course of action. Situational cues that have been consistently and frequently associated with certain goals acquire the capacity to directly elicit these goals and thus directly control action.
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Bauer, Patricia J., Tracy Deboer, und Angela F. Lukowski. „In the Language of Multiple Memory Systems:Defining and Describing Developments in Long-Term Declarative Memory“. In Short-And Long-Term Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood, 240–70. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195182293.003.0010.
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Abstract Memory is a fundamental cognitive capacity. Without it, we would live only for the moment. Although we might do well to heed advice to “live for today,” appreciation of today is significantly enhanced by the ability to remember yesterday and to anticipate tomorrow. Memory permits these functions by allowing us to store and reflect upon previous experience and use it to guide present as well as future behavior. The continuity afforded by memory is readily apparent as soon as children develop the capacity to use language to share mental experiences. The status of the capacity before language has been a source of active debate. The perspective that infants and preverbal children lack the capacity for storage and retrieval of accessible memory representations is well represented in the traditional (e.g., Piaget, 1952) as well as the contemporary (e.g., K. Nelson & Ross, 1980; Pillemer, 1998; Pillemer & White, 1989) literature. The perspective in this chapter is that the capacity begins to develop well before language and undergoes significant age-related change before first memories are expressed verbally. We develop this perspective by addressing each of the questions posed to contributors to this volume.
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Crisp, Roger. „Treatment According to Need: Justice and the British National Health Service“. In Medicine and Social Justice, 134–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143546.003.0010.
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Abstract The British National Health Service (NHS) was founded in July 1948 on the basis of three principles: universality, comprehensiveness, and free access (Webster, 1998, p. 22). That is, it was to provide health care to all, regardless of age, class, sex, religion, or geography; the care it provided was to be complete, rather than, for example, only a basic package of care; and there was to be no cost to the patient for the treatment provided. These three principals were seen as expressions of the more fundamental principle that treatment should be supplied according to need (and not, say, according to ability to pay). At first, it was thought that the NHS might be so beneficial to the country’s economy that it would constitute an overall saving, and that it would be little used once the population had been raised to a certain level of health. Almost immediately these hopes proved ill founded. In the first nine months of the NHS’s existence, real cost outran the estimated amount of just under £200 million by over £75 million (Ross, 1952, p. 15). Not only had demand been underestimated, but also the potential for development in medical science. Over the next few decades, scientists made huge advances, offering treatments hitherto unavailable, which were often of great benefit to the patient while of great cost to the NHS budget. It soon became clear that, though formally each individual might be entitled to make a demand on the NHS, the principle of free access had to be limited. To restrict usage, prescription costs and other charges were introduced. And in more recent times, the principle of comprehensiveness also has been explicitly constrained. In 1991, for example, the North East Thames health region stated that patients would not be treated for certain conditions, including the removal of nonmalignant lumps (Ham, 1992, pp. 244-5).
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Pronin, Mihail. „PHILOSOPHICAL EXPERTISE OF AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING: “VIRTUAL PERSON ON PAUSE”“. In SCIENCE AND HUMAN PHENOMENA IN THE ERA OF CIVILIZATIONAL MACROSHIFT, 689–717. Institute of Philosophy Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/map-689-717.
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In an article written in the genre of philosophical expertise (the term by B. G. Yudin), within the framework of the virtual approach (virtualism), using the example of aircraft engineering, a “virtual conflict” is described when the manifestations of casus/incident of conflict unfold in social reality, and virtus/the force that generates conflict is located in the knowledge/cognitive structures of actors/subjects of social activity. Errors in the space of virtual conflict are introduced as a category of “virtual errors”: the history of their theorization is given; their hermeneutics in the airline industry is disclosed: the concept/construct “virtual person” within the virtual psychology (virtualism) of the scientific school of N. A. Nosov (1952–2002) in the design of promising aircraft “stands on pause” for more than 30 years leading experts do not consider this situation as a problem. To identify the nature of “negating the obvious” the term “aproblemognosy” has been introduced. The promotion of the ideas of the primacy of the virtual nature of human being and the world in relation to a wide range of technologies is hindered by the context of the understanding of virtual problems, including the nature of the effects of virtual, augmented and replacing realities (hereinafter TVR).It is demonstrated that within the worldview of the mainstream there is a macro-shift which is not distinguished by the mainstream (virtual error of “indistinguishment”): in a sphere of acknowledgment of the essence of virtuality: the concept of virtuality as the “disadvantage of being” suggested by S.S. Horuzhey (1997), primarily in Russia, has being changing to the opposite one — “doubling/overgrowth of being” by David J. Chalmers (2022): “virtual reality is genuine reality”! On their comparison, paradigmatic errors — pathologies of epistems — proposed by researchers have been revealed and their qualifications are given. Erroneous predictions given by D. J. Chalmers about future life in virtual reality as in genuine reality, are qualified in the classification of E. A. Arab-Ogly (1973) and Victor K. Ferkisa (1969) as a futurological intoxication. Failures of mainstream’s attempts to develop the idea of theorization of S.S. Horuzhey’s virtuality through the concept of “disadvantage of being” has been qualified as “theoretical intoxication” (author’s term). It is indicated and proved that the aviation industry is the only possible industry for initiating of work in the sphere of virtual psychophysiology (engineering psychology and / or ergonomics (man-machine study)). An annotated concept and a roadmap for the deployment of works in the field of aircraft has been proposed. According to the law of requisite variety — cybernetic law formulated by William Ross Ashby, — it is given an assessment of the level of maturity — worldview and value system, — of leaders and designers of the domestic aviation industry and the “pessimistic” forecast of prospects of the made offers is given.