Dissertationen zum Thema „Pellava“

Suite a une presentation de la region de trinidad (bolivie), plus particulierement des milieux aquatiques et des caracteristiques physico-chimiques des eaux, l'aspect piscicole est aborde grace aux donnees des peches commerciales mais surtout a l'aide de nos peches experimentales. Notre contribution a la connaissance de la faune ichtyologique du bassin du mamore est essentiellement basee sur l'etude de pellona castelnaeana. En parallele, nous avons analyse partiellement la biologie d'un autre clupeidae: pellona flavipinnis. Apres une etude des caracteres systematiques, la biologie des deux clupeidae est abordee par leur repartition spatio-temporelle et les peuplements piscicoles associes. L'etude de la reproduction a permis de definir les modalites, le lieu et l'epoque de la ponte, mais aussi de mettre en evidence l'existence d'un hermaphrodisme protandre. Le role de predateur ichtyophage exclusif a ete confirme. La croissance, abordee par l'otolithometrie et confirmee par la methode de pauly et david, fait ressortir l'existence d'une croissance differente suivant le sexe et un arret de croissance lie a la reproduction. L'ensemble des resultats obtenus, ce qui est connu du milieu et des autres especes, ainsi qu'un essai de prediction de la production potentielle de p. Castelnaeana sont utilises pour proposer des amenagements qui permettraient de mieux exploiter et gerer la grande richesse piscicole de la region de trinidad

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The present study sought to understand the positioning of the Diocese of Ponta Grossa-PR before the changes provided by the Second Vatican Council, which discussed the integration of the Catholic Church to modernity, the appreciation of the particular churchand lay participation. In the city of Ponta Grossa-PR., Diocesan seat, there was the embodiment of the Pastoral Plan for the 1978/1979 biennium, aimed at the formation of Basic Ecclesial Communities, which undertook, with the evangelization liberating and transformative social structures. However, when oral narratives articulate individuals who experienced the historical period, in various social settings of the diocese, we measurethe constraints of the diocesan bishop with regard to the social movements of the church in relation to the participation of church members on issues of local politics , and the preferential option for the poor. From this discussion, we conclude that the materialization of this pastoral plan was effective, more as an instrument of legitimation of the power of the religious specialist, than to the Catholic church linked to social movements.
O presente trabalho buscou compreender o posicionamento da Diocese de Ponta Grossa-PR diante das transformações proporcionadas pelo Concílio Ecumênico Vaticano II, que discutiu a integração da igreja católica à modernidade, a valorização da igreja particular e a participação leiga. Na Cidade de Ponta Grossa-PR., sede diocesana, observou-se a materialização do Plano de Pastoral para o biênio de 1978/1979, que visava à formação de Comunidades Eclesiais de Base, as quais se comprometiam, com a evangelização libertadora e transformadora das estruturas sociais. Entretanto, ao se articular as narrativas orais de sujeitos históricos que vivenciaram o período, em diversos cenários sociais da diocese, aferimos as restrições do bispo diocesano em relação aos movimentos sociais da igreja, em relação à participação dos membros da igreja nos assuntos da política local, e na opção preferencial pelos pobres. De tal discussão, conclui-se que a materialização do referido plano de pastoral foi efetivada, mais como instrumento de legitimação do poder do especialista do campo religioso, do que para a igreja católica ligada aos movimentos sociais.

A son retour de Paris en 1940, Alfred Pellan ramène une production artistique qui se caractérise par la semi- figuration. Ces représentations surchargées d'éléments hétéroclites, de personnages hybrides et d'objets insolites participent d'une sémanticité nouvelle de l'oeuvre picturale. La sémiotique de Charles S. Peirce, aussi appelée "théorie de la signification", permet une interprétation approfondie, toujours "proposée" et jamais finale des signes visuels. En passant par la notion d'interprétant, les signes visuels iconiques, indiciels et symboliques permettent un décryptage des signes semi- figuratifs contenus dans ce type de représentations. Nous proposons dans ce mémoire une analyse sémiotique de trois tableaux de Pellan des années '40 et '50 en nous basant sur la catégorie de l'objet -icône, indice et symbole-, deuxième niveau de la trichotomie peircienne, en vue d'une confrontation théorie/pratique renouvelant l'approche sémiotique de Peirce en regard de l'objet pictural.
Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Eucalyptus rust caused by Puccinia psidii is currently one of the main eucalypt in Brazil. Disease control has been accomplished by planting rust resistance genotypes. In the last years, this character has been incorporated into eucalypt resistance breeding programs to obtain resistant and superior genotypes for commercial planting. However, to set the breeding strategy, it is crucial to identify the pattern of rust resistance inheritance. This study aimed to determine the genetic basis of rust resistance in full-sib families of E. pellita and E. urophylla x E. grandis. The eucalypt seedlings were inoculated with the P. psidii single pustule isolate UFV2. The segregation pattern of inoculation of 441 individuals from four progeny of E. pellita indicate that resistance is a quantitative trait where several genes act in the plant defense response. In the second study 58 E. grandis parents, 92 E. urophylla and 607 individuals of 31 progenies originated from crosses between E. grandis x E. urophylla were evaluated. Between the evaluated parents rated 32% were resistant to the rust and among those 88% were E. urophylla. A large number of susceptible individuals (1R: 3S) were observed in the progeny indicating a distinct pattern of segregation from the expected single gene model proposed for E. grandis. The segregation found in this study show that the resistance control is more complex and it is closer to an oligogenic model, where more than one gene works in the plant defense response.
A ferrugem do eucalipto causada pelo fungo Puccinia psidii é, atualmente, uma das principais enfermidades da cultura do eucalipto no Brasil. O controle da doença tem sido realizado por meio do plantio de espécies, progênies ou clones resistentes. Nos últimos anos, o caráter resistência tem sido incorporado nos programas de melhoramento genético da cultura a fim de se obterem genótipos resistentes e superiores para plantio comercial. No entanto, a fim de traçar a estratégia de melhoramento, é fundamental determinar o modelo de herança da resistência. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a base genética da resistência em famílias de irmãos completos de E. pellita e de E. urophylla x E. grandis por meio de inoculações, sob condições controladas, do isolado monopostular UFV-2 (raça 1) de P. psidii. Os resultados de inoculação de 441 indivíduos oriundos de quatro progênies de E. pellita indicaram que a resistência é de caráter quantitativo onde vários genes atuam na resposta de defesa da planta. No segundo estudo empregaram-se 58 genitores de E. grandis, 92 de E. urophylla e 607 indivíduos de 31 progênies oriundas do cruzamento de E. grandis x E. urophylla. Entre os genitores avaliados 32% foram resistentes à ferrugem, sendo que 88% são de E. urophylla. Na avaliação das progênies encontrou-se um maior número de indivíduos suscetíveis (1R:3S), indicando um padrão de segregação distinto do modelo monogênico, proposto para E. grandis. As segregações encontradas neste trabalho demonstram que o controle da resistência é mais complexo e está mais próximo de um modelo oligogênico, onde mais de um gene atua na resposta de defesa da planta.

Orientador: Evandro Vagner Tambarussi
Resumo: Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell é uma das espécies de importante interesse nos programas de melhoramento visando agregar alelos complementares, por meio da hibridação com espécies amplamente cultivadas, como o E. grandis e E. urophylla. Para isto, torna-se necessário o conhecimento da variabilidade genética e identificar possíveis grupos heteróticos de modo a orientar os programas de hibridação com o E. pellita. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa objetivou estimar a variabilidade e a distância genética existente em procedências e progênies de E. pellita, por meio de caracteres quantitativos, a fim de subsidiar possíveis estratégias a serem executadas em um programa de melhoramento da espécie. Foi avaliado um teste de procedências e progênies, com 118 progênies pertencentes a sete procedências, além de um clone comercial como controle. O experimento foi delineado em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, em parcelas lineares com nove plantas. Foram mensurados os caracteres quantitativos diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP), altura, volume individual e sobrevivência (%) aos sete anos de idade. Os dados foram submetidos a análise REML/BLUP, obtendo-se estimativas das componentes de variância, parâmetros genéticos e valores genéticos preditos (BLUP). Foi estimada a distância genética das procedências e progênies a partir da distância generalizada de Mahalanobis (D²), e posterior formação de grupos heteróticos pelo método de agrupamento de Tocher e método da ligação média (UPGMA). Além... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is an important species used in breeding programs to add complementary alleles through hybridization with widely cultivated species, such as Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla. To guide hybridization programs with E. pellita, information about the genetic variability and the identification of possible heterotic groups of the species is necessary. As such, the present study aimed to estimate the variability and genetic distance among E. pellita provenances and progenies using quantitative traits. The goal was to inform possible strategies to be implemented in a species improvement program. A provenance and progeny test with 118 progenies belonging to seven E. pellita provenances was analyzed, with a commercial clone used as the control. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with five replications in linear plots, and nine plants per plot. The following quantitative traits were measured at seven years of age: diameter at breast height (DBH), height, individual volume, and survival (%). The data were submitted to REML/BLUP analysis to obtain estimates of the variance components, genetic parameters, and predicted genetic values (BLUP). The genetic distance of the provenances and progenies was estimated from the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D²). The formation of heterotic groups was subsequently identified using Tocher’s clustering method and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). In addition, principal c... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Were collected and examined 63 specimens of Pellona castelnaeana captured in the Catalão lakes complex. The mean fish length was 28.5 cm ± 6.4 and the mean weight was 328.3 g ± 208.5. Were collected and identified 477 specimens of parasites. 14 Monogenoidea; 01 Digenea, 39 Acanthocephala, 382 Nematoda, 43 Copepod, 01 Isopoda and 01 Argulus and 01 Dolops. The Monogenoidea Mazocraeoides makrodemas parasitized the gills filaments, the Digenea Austrodiplostomum compactum the eye; the Acanthocephala Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) sp. n. the intestine; the Nematoda Anisakis sp. the surface of the liver, stomach and intestine; the Copepoda Acusicola pellonidis the gills filaments; the Branchiura Argulus chicomendesi and Dolops bidentata the body surface; and Isopoda, Braga patagonica the gill cavity. Anisakis sp. was the species with the highest prevalence (38%) followed by N. (N.) sp. n. (20.63%). All others species occurred with low prevalence. Eighty percent of the parasite community of P. castelnaeana was dominated by Anisakis sp., followed by Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) sp. (9.6%). The fauna of species parasites of P. castelnaeana was formed by a secondary species and seven satellites species. Only one parasite species presented secondary distribution, Anisakis sp. with prevalence of 38%. The species of Monogenoidea, Acanthocephala, Copepoda and Nematoda presented aggregate distribution. Anisakis sp. presented a negative correlation between total length and abundance. Only for Anisakis sp. "p" was significant (p ≤ 0.05).
Foram coletados e examinados 63 exemplares de Pellona castelnaeana, capturados no complexo de lagos do Catalão. O comprimento médio dos peixes foi de 28,5cm ± 6,4 e o peso médio 328,3g ± 208,5. Foram coletados e identificados 477 espécimens parasitos. Monogenoidea 14 indivíduos; Digenea 1, Acanthocephala 39, 382 Nematoda, Copepoda 43, 01 Isopoda e 2 Branchiura. O Monogenoidea Mazocraeoides makrodemas parasitava as brânquias; o Digenea, Austrodiplostomum compactum o olho; o Acanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) sp. n. o intestino; o Nematoda, Anisakis sp. a superfície do fígado, o estômago e o intestino; o Copepoda, Acusicola pellonidis os filamentos branquiais; as espécies de Branchiura, Argulus chicomendesi e Dolops bidentata a superfície do corpo; o Isopoda, Braga patagônica a cavidade branquial. Anisakis sp. foi a espécie com a maior prevalência (38%) seguida de Neoechinorhynchus (N.) sp. (20,63%). Todas as outras espécies ocorreram com baixa prevalência. Oitenta por cento da comunidade parasita de P. castelnaeana foi dominada por Anisakis sp., seguida por Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) sp. (9,6%). A fauna de espécies parasitas de P. castelnaeana era formada por uma espécie secundária e sete satélites. Apenas uma espécie parasita apresentou distribuição secundária, Anisakis sp. com prevalência de 38%. As espécies de Monogenoidea, Acanthocephala, Copepoda e Nematoda apresentaram distribuição agregada. Anisakis sp. apresentou correlação negativa entre o comprimento total e a abundância. Somente para Anisakis sp. “p” foi significativo (p ≤ 0,05).

Questo lavoro di tesi analizza l’impatto ambientale connesso all’utilizzo della pelle in un'azienda del settore calzaturiero, mettendo in luce le caratteristiche che rendono la pelle un materiale unico. Dalle analisi condotte sono venute alla luce problematiche di tracciabilità e di emissioni legate all’utilizzo della pelle che però, date le sue caratteristiche tecniche, risulta un materiale ancora oggi ineguagliabile. La pelle è, inoltre, un prodotto di scarto dell’industria alimentare. Per questo motivo, in un’ottica di economia circolare, è importante valorizzarlo con dei processi che risultino meno impattanti possibili per l’ambiente. Oltre ad essere state svolte delle analisi sono state discusse diverse scelte che potrebbero portare miglioramenti per quanto riguarda l'impatto ambientale e la tracciabilità della pelle.

This thesis is an edition of and introduction and commentary to the text of a selection of Hellenistic Greek epigrams from the so-called Lithika (i.e. 'On Stones') by the Hellenistic poet, Posidippus of Pella, preserved in the first section of a third century BC Milan papyrus bookroll (P Mil Vogl VIII 309) first published in 2001. The thesis includes an introduction, Part 1, which discusses and contextualises the epigrams with other ancient Greek mineralogical literature (such as Theophrastus' On Stones) and also maps out the poetics of the poems. The main part of the thesis, the edition and commentary, Part 2, provides literary and archaeological notes on nine of the twenty (sometimes badly preserved) epigrams about precious stones: AB 3, AB 4, AB 5, AB 8, AB 11 ,AB 13 ,AB 14, AB 16 and AB 17. Tracings of the papyrus' readings and proposed supplements (not included in the editio princeps), which allow checking of the available spacing, are included for select epigrams as an appendix, and show that many supplements printed in the text of the two previous editions are unsubstantiated or wrong. The new text presented here thus furnishes those interested in Hellenistic epigram with a new foundation on which to base further discussion of the poetry.

O presente trabalho trata do estudo da adaptação e estabilidade de progênies de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell, procedentes da Austrália e plantadas em 11 locais. As avaliações de altura, DAP e sobrevivência foram realizadas com 1, 2 e 3 anos em7, 11 e 7 locais, respectivamente. O conjunto das progênies testadas apresentou melhor desempenho em Esplanada - BA, mas também demonstrou potencial para ser plantado em Aracruz - ES, Belo Oriente - MG, Brotas - SP, Mogi Guaçu - SP Inhambupe - BA. Nos demais locais (São Jerônimo-SP, Altinópolis - SP, Boa Esperança do Sul - SP, João Pinheiro - MG e Lassance - MG) o material genético introduzido poderá contribuir em programas de hibridação com outras espécies de maior potencial de produtividade. Das 23 progênies testadas, 16 delas (93, 94, 97, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 134. 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144 e 147) mostraram-se estáveis e deveriam constituir a população base para os futuros trabalhos de melhoramento, tanto para o grupo dos ambientes desfavoráveis (Lassance, João Pinheiro, Altinópolis, Boa Esperança do Sul e São Jerônimo), como para os ambientes com produtividade acima da média (Inhambu,e, Belo Oriente, Aracruz, Brotas, Mogi Guaçu e Esplanada), Apesar do número reduzido, recomenda-se a utilização desse grupo de progênies para a formação de pomares de sementes. Esses pomares poderão atender a uma ampla faixa de ambientes, com consequente redução no custo das sementes Os valores de repetibilidade dos parâmetros da estabilidade, mostraram ser possível o melhoramento para essa característica, apesar de ser mais difícil do que para H e DAP. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram concluir também que é possível associar alta produtividade com estabilidade, o que é altamente desejável, visando indicar materiais genéticos para plantio em uma faixa mais ampla de ambientes.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Heat treatment provides desirable characteristics to the wood such as higher dimensional stability, higher natural durability and, in some cases, changes on original color. However, the treatment can also drastically alter the physical and chemical characteristics of wood surfaces, which affect the adhesion quality and coating application. In this context, the objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of heat treatmens on physical properties (density, equilibrium moisture content and mass loss) of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson and Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. woods; (2) to determine the effect of heat treatment on color change of both woods; (3) to evaluate the effect of heat treatments on adhesion quality of glued joints by shear strength testing; and (4) to evaluate the effect of physical and chemical modifications following heat treatment on adhesion characteristics. Heat treatments were performed in a laboratorial electric oven at 180 and 200?C. Color measurements were carried out on the CIE-L*a*b* space by using the CM-2600d portable spectrophotometer. Shear strength tests of the glued joints and solid woods were performed according to ASTM D 905 and ASTM D 143 standards, respectively. Three adhesive types were used: resorcinol, resorcinol-tannin 80:20 and resorcinol-tannin 60:40. Density and equilibrium moisture content of both wood species were reduzed by heat treatment. Both woods had mass loss, which increased with the increase of temperature and was more pronounced for Eucalyptus pellita. The original color of the woods changed following heat treatment, mainly to Eucalyptus pellita. The shear strength of solid wood and glued joints of both species was severely affected by heat treatments. The resorcinol-tannin 80:20 adhesive showed the best performance for untreated woods, however, after heat treatment, the adhesive type did not affect the shear strength. Glued joints of heat-treated woods had high percentage of wood failure due to higher porosity and adhesive penetration. The acidity of heat-treated woods affected the shear strength and presented a strong correlation with equilibrium moisture content due to degradation of hemicelluloses. Heat treatments at 180 and 200oC are extremely severe to Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus pellita woods
O tratamento de termorretifica??o proporciona ? madeira caracter?sticas desej?veis tais como maior estabilidade dimensional, maior durabilidade natural e, em alguns casos, altera??o da cor original. Entretanto, o tratamento tamb?m pode alterar drasticamente as caracter?sticas f?sicas e qu?micas das superf?cies da madeira, as quais afetam a qualidade de ades?o e a aplica??o de revestimentos. Neste contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos nas propriedades f?sicas (densidade, teor de umidade de equil?brio e perda de massa) da madeira de Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson e Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.; (2) determinar o efeito dos tratamentos termorretificadores na altera??o da cor da madeira de ambas as esp?cies; (3) avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos na qualidade de ades?o de juntas coladas atrav?s de testes de resist?ncia ao cisalhamento; e (4) avaliar o efeito das altera??es f?sicas e qu?micas causadas pela termorretifica??o nas caracter?sticas de ades?o. A termorretifica??o foi realizada em um forno mufla el?trico laboratorial a 180 e 200?C. As medi??es de cor foram realizadas no espa?o CIE-L*a*b* com o aux?lio do espectrofot?metro port?til CM-2600d. Os ensaios de cisalhamento das juntas de madeira colada e das madeiras s?lidas foram realizados segundo as normas ASTM D 905 e ASTM D 143, respectivamente. Foram utilizados tr?s tipos de adesivos: resorcinol, resorcinol-tanino 80:20 e resorcinol-tanino 60:40. A densidade aparente e o teor de umidade de equil?brio das madeiras de ambas as esp?cies foram reduzidos pela termorretifica??o. Ambas as madeiras apresentaram perda de massa, sendo esta crescente com o aumento da temperatura e mais acentuada para a madeira de Eucalyptus pellita. A cor original das madeiras foi alterada pelo tratamento, principalmente para o Eucalyptus pellita. A resist?ncia ao cisalhamento da madeira s?lida e das juntas coladas de ambas as esp?cies foi severamente afetada pelos tratamentos termorretificadores. O adesivo resorcinol-tanino 80:20 apresentou o melhor desempenho para as madeiras n?o termorretificadas de ambas as esp?cies; entretanto, ap?s a termorretifica??o, o tipo de adesivo n?o afetou a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento. As juntas coladas das amostras de madeiras termorretificadas apresentaram uma alta porcentagem de falhas na madeira devido ? maior porosidade e maior penetra??o do adesivo. A acidez das amostras da madeira termorretificada afetou a resist?ncia ao cisalhamento e apresentou uma forte correla??o com o teor de umidade de equil?brio devido ? degrada??o das hemiceluloses. Os tratamentos termorretificadores a 180 e 200?C s?o extremamente severos para as madeiras de Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus pellita

Esta dissertação apresenta uma investigação cujo objetivo é examinar o problema do confronto de paradigmas explicativos a respeito do fim da Antiguidade: a ascensão da Antiguidade Tardia, uma nova Forma da História, e o Declínio do Império Romano. Busca realizar isso através da compreensão do relato feito por um monge cristão, na forma de poema, sobre sua vida como aristocrata e proprietário de terras na Gália do século V d.C., o Eucharisticos de Paulino de Pella. A pesquisa teve como preocupações teórica e metodológica entender as diferentes mediações necessárias para a composição do poema, principalmente o instrumental literário disponível ao autor, como os gêneros literários clássicos. Estas também buscaram lidar com a relação indivíduo e sociedade na Antiguidade, propondo os limites e potencialidades que a compreensão do poema como expressão ideológica de seu autor e consequentemente de sua consciência de suas posições de classe e de status como critério da parcialidade de sua visão sobre a realidade na qual viveu.
This work consists of an investigation which aims to examine the issue of the opposing explanatory paradigm used to explain the end of Antiquity: the rise of Late Antiquity, a new Form of History, and the Fall of Roman Empire, through the understanding of a narrative poem written by a christian monk about his life as an aristocracy member and landowner in Gaul during the V century AD, Paulinus Paelleus\' Eucharisticus. The research methodological concerns aimed at the understanding of the poem composition through different mediations, mainly the literary background available to the author as, for instance, the classical genres of literature. Methodological and theoretical concerns also aimed to deal with the relation between individual and society in Antiquity, proposing the limits and potentialities that the poem understanding as its author\'s ideological expression - and consequently his consciousness about his class and status within it - as criteria for his biased view about the reality he lived in.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of steaming and impregnation of nano silver particle, the drying rate of Eucalyptus pellita. The effect of the treatments was evaluated on wood in three different radial regions (inward heartwood (CIN), Intermediate heartwood (CIT) and external (TCA)). Two steaming time (12 and 24h) and soaking the wood in nanoparticle solution silver with or without application of vacuum were investigated. The effect of these treatments were assessed using the anatomical analysis (area and vessel diameter), chemical (content of extractives) and physical (density and permeability to gas) of the timber. The drying process was carried out in a climatized room with a temperature of 20 ? C ? 2 and relative humidity 65% ? 5. The analysis rate of drying was targets in humidity levels before and after the fiber saturation point (FSP). The results show that the treatments did not affect the density and area and vessel diameter. The vaporization for 24 h caused a decrease in the extractives content and an increase in permeability to gas within and between three radial regions of the wood. This results contributed to that gains in drying rate before and after the FSP were obtained. In general, the impregnating silver nanoparticles in the timber, through the two immersion methods have not yielded significant results in drying rate, except when combined with the prior application of steam (24 hours) and vacuum in the outer radial region
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da vaporiza??o e da impregna??o de nano part?culas de prata nas vari?veis do processo de secagem da madeira de E. pellita. O efeito dos tratamentos foi avaliado na madeira de tr?s distintas regi?es radiais (Cerne Interno (CIN), Cerne Intermedi?rio (CIT) e Externa (TCA). Dois tempos de vaporiza??o (12 e 24 hs) e imers?o da madeira em solu??o de nanopart?culas de prata com e sem aplica??o pr?via de v?cuo foram estudados. O efeito desses tratamentos foram avaliados atrav?s de an?lises anat?micas (?rea e di?metro de vaso), qu?micas (teor de extrativos totais) e f?sicas (densidade e permeabilidade a g?s) da madeira. O processo de secagem se deu em ambiente climatizado com temperaturas de 20?C ?2 e umidades relativas de 65%?5. A an?lise da taxa de secagem foi realizada em faixas de umidade antes e depois do ponto de satura??o das fibras (PSF). Os resultados mostram que os tratamentos n?o afetaram a densidade e a ?rea e di?metro dos vasos. A vaporiza??o por 24 h promoveu um decr?scimo no teor de extrativos e um aumento na permeabilidade ? g?s dentro e entre as tr?s regi?es radiais da madeira. Esse resultados contribuiu para que ganhos na taxa de secagem antes e depois do PSF fossem obtidos. Em geral a impregna??o de nanopart?culas de prata na madeira, atrav?s dos dois m?todos de imers?o, n?o produziram resultados significativos na taxa de secagem, exceto quando combinada com a aplica??o pr?via de vapor (24 hs) e v?cuo na regi?o radial mais externa

Urban centres reformed throughout Palestine during the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) in the first half of the second millennium B.C.E. One element in certain sites was the appearance of a monumental symmetrical temple form. These structures have attracted terms including ‘fortress’ temple and ‘Migdol’. The symmetrical temple sequences dominated the religious landscape of the southern Levant for approximately 800 years until the close of the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Knowledge of the operation of these temples within secular and religious environments remains limited. This thesis demonstrates the value of pit studies to comprehending the temple settings. The analysis of the symmetrical temple forms and associated pits reveals the types of activities occurring in and around the temples. The site of Pella in the north Jordan Valley provides the primary source of research data. Excavations reveal that Pella was a major centre during the MBA and LBA periods and that, in the MBII/III, Pella featured the largest monumental symmetrical temple yet discovered in the southern Levant. The uninterrupted sequence of superimposed temples at Pella spans the period from around 1900-1100 B.C.E. This sequence provides a unique opportunity to examine the temples and associated pits through time and space, facilitating comparison with datasets from other sites. The comparative analyses reveal valuable insights into the operations of the symmetrical temples. Changes in underlying religious observance are evident, with some linked to wider socio-economic events. The findings reveal the importance of the north Jordan Valley as a cultic heartland during the MBA, with the early symmetrical temples used for venerating the honoured deceased and associated worship of ’El. The greater regional worship of ’El was first manifest in the MBII/III monumental symmetrical temples in the north Jordan Valley, and the MB/LB transition marked the growing worship of Ba‘al which continued through the LBA period.

La plaine de Thessalonique est la plus vaste aire deltaïque de Grèce et couvre une superficie d'environ 2 200 km². Le présent travail a pour but de présenter l'évolution morphologique de cette plaine littorale édifiée au cours des 6 000 dernières années. Fondée sur une méthode combinant une approche de géographie historique et d'étude paléoenvironnementale, les grandes étapes d'édification de ce complexe deltaïque, formé principalement par les fleuves Aliakmon et Axios, ont pu être détaillées.
D'un point de vue historique, le secteur d'études est une importante aire d'implantation des sociétés humaines. Depuis le Néolithique, une occupation continue du territoire est attestée. Différents travaux archéologiques, historiques et paléoenvironnementaux attestent d'une évolution majeure du trait de côte entre le quatrième millénaire avant notre ère et le Ve siècle ap. J.-C, mais précisent de manière incertaine l'évolution paysagère. Le Royaume de Macédoine, avec ses rois illustres Philippe II et Alexandre le Grand a laissé sur le territoire de nombreux vestiges archéologiques qui témoignent d'une évolution paysagère certaine. Ainsi, Pella, l'ancienne capitale et ville portuaire reliée à la mer, se localise désormais à 28 km à l'intérieur des terres.
L'herméneutique des sources documentaires antiques (textes, supports iconographiques) et l'étude des récits de voyageurs ayant parcouru la région du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle, ont permis de constater des évolutions notables dans la position du littoral et dans l'organisation du réseau hydrographique. C'est à partir de ces documents, qu'au cours du XXe siècle, les premières reconstitutions paléogéographiques ont été élaborées. Une étude critique des scénarii proposés a permis de révéler des incohérences et des approximations dans la restitution des paysages. L'adoption d'une approche paléoenvironnementale à l'échelle de la plaine se justifie donc sur ce point.
Huit sondages ont été réalisés dans la partie centrale de la plaine et se répartissent de manière homogène entre la ville de Pella au nord et le trait de côte actuel au sud. Les travaux de laboratoire ont reposé sur l'identification malacologique des différentes séquences sédimentaires et sur une analyse sédimentologique où des mesures de granulométrie et de susceptibilité magnétique ont permis de distinguer les apports des différents bassins-versants. Dix-sept datations par le radiocarbone ont permis de dater précisément les différentes séquences sédimentaires. L'utilisation des supports numériques, comprenant données satellitaires (combinaison spectrale d'une image LANDSAT TM) et données topographiques précises (données S.R.T.M.), a permis de livrer une interprétation spatiale des données acquises ponctuellement lors des sondages. L'élaboration de cartes tridimensionnelles a ensuite permis une modélisation numérique de terrain présentant les grandes étapes du déplacement du trait de côte au cours des six derniers millénaires.

Towards a peripatetic practice: negotiating journey through painting investigates painting as a way of comprehending lived experience of travel. The project develops from curiosity about journeys and their potential for bringing the artist into encounters with the world, and proximate to its issues and concerns. Aims of the project focused on peripatetic practice as a means of redirecting a personal experience of rootlessness towards connecting with others, and considering and communicating the complexity of cross-cultural experience through painting. Objectives as such were to investigate through practice the function and form of peripatetic painting, and to document this through film and writing. The study acknowledges travel as an ancient way of knowing the world and takes inspiration from the paradigm of the nomadic storyteller as exemplified in the Bengali tradition of Patuya Sangit (scroll performance). With a sense of the capacity for painting to provide spaces of connection and empathy, the study draws on the writing of John Berger and Suzi Gablik, exploring a confluence of ideas about the evolving social role of the artist. Key influences are historic and contemporary peripatetic creative practices, which include the writer Freya Stark, the colonial painter William Simpson, and the artists Phil Smith and John Wolseley. The project also incorporates methodological approaches which borrow from anthropology, situating the artist as observer, participant, and ultimately, agent. Practice in this context is immersive, and takes on social, interactive dimensions for which making paintings becomes a means of knowing and questioning the nature of cross-cultural experience. Explorations took the form of increasingly immersive journeys in Australia, India and Pakistan and a series of paintings utilising extended scroll formats with additional outcomes of documentary films. As the key research spaces for practice-led research, the scroll paintings employ pencil, collage, watercolour and oil, and a metaphoric fusion of styles and techniques of painting and drawing, notably Persian miniature and life portraiture as a means of accounting for and sharing the abiding experiences and encounters yielded through travel.

This thesis investigates the identity of fungi causing root rot in Eucalyptus pellita plantations in Indonesia. It explores the question of how to detect root-rot infected E. pellita trees from their crown symptoms and whether root-rot disease can be detected at an early stage in the cycle of disease development. This study described and identified the fungi associated with root-rot disease in E. pellita, putatively caused by a species of Phellinus. Macro- and microscopic observations and DNA analysis were used to describe sporocarp morphology and the fungal cultures growing from the symptomatic root samples. Results showed that at the 12 sites investigated, and contrary to expectations, species of Phellinus are less commonly associated with root-rot disease than are Ganoderma philippii and G. mastosporum. There were several potential fungal agents of root rot present at any one site; the sporocarp types observed and the external appearance of the roots were not consistently good indicators of the active pathogen as isolated from roots. A visual assessment method to assess the crown condition of trees in plantations of E. pellita was developed. Eight aboveground variables were used as indicators to classify the E. pellita crowns into five different classes. Repeatability, reproducibility and reliability of this method were examined by conducting repeated surveys. Analysis of the data showed that the crown variables adequately discriminated between crown-condition classes when they were assessed by experienced assessors. However, in repeated surveys which were conducted by less experienced assessors, the crown variables did not sufficiently discriminate between crown-condition classes. Applicability of the method to indicate root-rot incidence and severity at individual-tree level was tested during the first survey. An aboveground assessment of crown-condition using the methodology developed does indicate, at the plot level, the incidence and severity of root rot. At the tree level, the aboveground variables were not significantly correlated with root-rot incidence and severity, as indicated by Spearman correlation (a = 0.05). There was an approximate probability of one out of two that poor crown health was associated with visible signs and symptoms on the roots exposed around the tree. Probability of these indicators for estimating root-rot incidence and severity in an individual tree is 61.4% and 41.6%, respectively. A pathosystem model of Eucalyptus nitens trees artificially inoculated with Armillaria luteobubalina was set up to investigate early physiological responses associated with root-rot infection. Trees were inoculated with two different isolates of A. luteobubalina. Root systems were either wounded or left intact before inoculation. Three photosynthetic parameters, i.e. photosystem II yield (\(F_v\)/\(F_m\)), chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (`A_max`) were assessed during six-months of observation. Photosystem II yield was the most sensitive to root-rot infection. A significant difference in `F_v`/`F_m` between the unwounded control and other treatments was observed. Chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate (`A_max`) decreased for all trees, including controls, during the period of the experiment. The decrease was more marked in treated than control trees. The root systems of inoculated trees were examined and reisolations of A. luteobubalina from symptomatic roots were carried out to confirm infection with Armilllaria of E. nitens trees. This preliminary trial of a model pathosystem was successful and did indicate that there were detectable physiological changes associated with early infection by Armillaria. However the experiment required a longer duration for more widespread physiological changes to be detected. The findings of this project reinforce the importance of comprehensive efforts to reduce the severity and incidence of root-rot disease, especially in terms of early detection. These efforts include the correct identification of fungal causal agent/s, the regular monitoring of crown condition, the application of physiological indicators such as photosystem II yield (`F_v`/`F_m`) to detect stress in plants, including that caused by root rot. Further studies are required to scale up these findings to an operational and cost effective level of plantation management. Pest management strategies, especially for root rot, such as site-hazard rating, species-site matching and mixed-planting systems are discussed in reference to plantation expansion in Indonesia.

碩士
淡江大學
化學學系
87
The chemical constituents of three liverwort species were examined in the present study. They are Pellia endiviifolia, Dumortiera hirsuta and Riccardia multifida. After repeated chromatographic separation and purification of the crude oil of each species, structures of isolated compounds were identified by extensive spectral analyses, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 13C-DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC. The isolated and identified compounds are as follows: 1. Pellia endiviifolia: bisbibenzenyl 10*-hydroxyperrottetin E and chlorophyll. 2. Dumortiera hirsuta: 1,4-guaiadien-3-one, 3,4*-dihydroxybibenzyl. The first compoud is a new sesquiterpenoid. 3. Riccardia multifida: 7,10-bisaboladien-9-one-3,4-diol, 7,10-bisaboladien-4,9-dione-3-ol. Both compounds are new sesquiterpenoids. In the last part of the thesis, comparisons were also made on the consituents of the three species with those of the same species collected at different locations and the significance from the viewpoint of chemotaxonomy was discussed.