Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „PECULIARITIES OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION“

The article is devoted to the problem of features of professional self-actualization of students-psychologists living in crisis of professional readiness. The definition of the term self-actualization and professional self-actualization among the works of domestic, Russian and foreign scientists is considered. In particular, professional self-actualization is defined as a complex multilevel phenomenon, a process of directed activity aimed at progress in one's own professional development, which is conditioned by the disclosure of one's own professional potential. Three approaches to the study of self-actualization in the professional sphere are highlighted: subject-activity, where professional activity is the main basis for self-actualization of the individual, due to difficulties and internal contradictions; personal development, where professional self-actualization leads to profound internal changes and forms and professional maturity; acmeological, in which professional self-actualization is the achievement of the highest level of professionalism, professional and personal maturity ("acme"). The concept of crisis of professional readiness and features of living of crisis by psychology students are analyzed. It is noted that the level of experiences of the crisis of professional readiness is the most intense among other normative crises of professional training. The peculiarities of the crisis development are highlighted: the contradiction between the awareness of the beginning of professional activity and at the same time the lack of readiness. The intra-personal conflict between learning motivations and professional motivation is determined. A number of features of professional self-actualization of students-psychologists and their interrelation with the crisis of professional readiness are considered.

The article discusses one of the key challenges of the global world – the problem of creative self-realization of personality as the way of being human within the framework of cross-cultural interaction. Theoretical-methodological base of research is the concept of creativity reconstruction, revealing the peculiarities of the modern social and cultural mentality and modeling comfortable barrier-free, international environment. The article shows a weak vitality of multiculturalism in the context of intercultural communication and the need for adaptation to the new reality through self-actualization and self-realization of its capabilities and resources through creativity. Authors describe the cultural-historical transformation of art as a way of actualization of a person in the culture. Creativity as a basic life installation is considered as a constitutive element of regulation of ethno-social processes. There is noted the relevance of the issue of cultural objectivism, creating a personality through its spiritual powers and abilities of the social program of "raspredelennykh" (“abstract”) meanings of culture through creativity, considered as overcoming cultural isolation, different cultural space, given the cultural-historical transformation. There is proposed the model of transition to higher stages of effectiveness of cross-cultural interaction through creativity, which is based on the methodology of reconstruction of creative processes in social and cultural space. To implement the adaptive capacity of the model there are selected the most relevant indicators of potential self-realization of migrants and host community. It is concluded that for realizing the potential of the contextual environment, as the bearer of possible properties that contribute to the manifestation of the meaning of human activities, it is necessary to create relevant models of effective cross-cultural communication and cultural migration, which foundation is the creativity as a way of actualization of a person in the culture.

The article is based on the results of the study “Young people in the post-Soviet space: pictures of the world, values, strategies of self-realization”, the empirical basis of which were sociological polls conducted in a comparable manner, conducted in October 2017 – February 2018 among the students from leading universities in Russia and the Republic of Belarus. The analysis of the data was carried out from the point of view of the problem of the internal consolidation of the “Russian world” and the prospects for a change of generations in the elites of the post-Soviet states (in this context, the student contingent of leading Russian and Belarusian universities is viewed as a kind of protoelite group). A comparison was made of the world pictures of Russian and Belarusian students, their social perceptions and value orientations, peculiarities of Russian and Belarusian identity, personal self-actualization strategies, including the choice of place of residence and the level of emigration attitudes. Both similarities and differences in the mentality of young Belarusians and Russians are revealed. In particular, the differences in the perception of the arrow of time, as well as in the emotional relation to the concept of “state”, revealed during the study are of great importance. Based on the results of the analysis, the article shows that the ideas about the life of Russian and Belarusian students are largely similar, but the relations between Russia and Belarus in the picture of the world of Russian and Belarusian youth are asymmetric. The article discusses the possible consequences of the difference between the pictures of the world and the value attitudes of student youth in Russia and Belarus for the fate of the “Russian world”.

<p>The article presents the results of research on images of own future for mothers having children without health problems and with disabilities.</p><p> The studied time perspective and content of adults’ images show that both groups are future oriented.</p><p>The differences in the psychological characteristics and time perception of the mothers having children without health problems and with disabilities are the following: the mothers having children with disabilities are more negatively perceive the past and estimate higher the present (both hedonistic and fatalistic); mothers having children without health problems percept the past more positively.</p><p>The content of images of the future presented by the mothers having children with disabilities is characterized by emphasis on the health of their children and family, on their desire to be more “stronger”, to have more full-fledged life.</p><p>There is the statistically significant difference between the groups concerning time perception, namely, the mothers having children with disabilities perceive the past negatively and the present (hedonistic and fatalistic) more positively; the mother having children without health problems have a higher level of awareness of life, higher indicators of locus of control, but lower self-actualization, lower personal anxiety; whereas the mothers having children with disabilities have higher self-actualization (especially for synergy and human nature), higher anxiety (both reactive and personal).</p><p>The peculiarities of time perception are determined by the psychological characteristics of mothers (their awareness of life and its components, self-actualization and its components), which is reflected in multiple correlations.</p>

The article reveals the peculiarities of creative-performance training of a future teacher of musical art; analyzes the definitions of «creativity» and «performance»; proves the expediency and effectiveness of composer-performer activity in the formation of author ability, ability of a future specialist to self-expression and self-actualization in his own work. Music performance is undoubtedly a creative process, and creativity involves the creation of new products and does not exist without performance. Thus, creative-performance training of future teachers of musical art becomes significant and innovative, as it is based not only on the ability to creatively perceive, perform and interpret musical works (instrumental, vocal, choral), to express themselves in performing activities (co-creation), but also assumes the ability of future teachers to self-create, to be both the author and performer of their own work. The meaning of professional training, its qualitative characteristic is the creative and performing training of the future teacher of musical art, which is due to the theory and practice of musical education, the originality of musical and pedagogical activity and consists in solving pedagogical problems by means of musical art, is aimed at developing a personality capable of self-expression and self-realization, capable of perceiving new knowledge and experience, organizing the conditions necessary to express its subjectivity, uniqueness, unique essence.In the complex process of creative-performance activity based on artistic perception-interpretation, design of artistic image, musical work - to its creative presentation the self-expression and self-actualization of future specialists is carried out. This process implies self-realization of own forces, abilities, talents, opportunities, disclosure of all reserves of creative activity of personality, the whole complex of individual-personal qualities, objectification of essence forces in own production, various social activity, leads to transformation of personality into a subject of own life and profession.

An article presents the empirical study on the peculiarities of selfactualization of civil servants with different types of work motivation. The two groups of respondents (civil servants and non-governmental workers) were compared. “Professional”, “instrumental” and “patriotic” types of work motivation were more pronounced among non-governmental employees. Civil servants-respondents were less interested in work content, they were more likely to take an uninteresting job; their motives for self-improvement were less pronounced, and therefore, they were not so interested in difficult tasks, regarded by the respondents of the other group as a professional challenge and a way for self-expression. Professional recognition was not so important for civil servants as social recognition; they were less likely to think about fair remuneration for their labor. They did not so much need “the idea” as a driving force for work, as well as recognition by others of their indispensability in organizations where they worked. At the same time, a higher percentage of civil servants (in comparison with the other group) did not seek to improve their skills and were characterized by reduced professional activity, responsibility, desire to share their skills and achievements with others. It was more difficult for civil servants (compared to non-governmental workers) to live in the present, not to postpone life “for later”; they felt more insecure, were “up in the clouds”; such self-actualizing values as goodness, beauty, integrity, truth, uniqueness, psychological hardiness, justice, achievement, order, self-sufficiency, etc., although demonstrated quite closely by both groups, were still less pronounced among civil servants. The need for knowledge was also much less expressed by civil servants, as well as autonomy, independence, a sense of freedom. Civil servants were inclined to focus on other worker’s opinions and external social standards; it was more difficult for them to establish strong and friendly relationswith others; they were more anxious and insecure comparing to nongovernmental workers. Civil servants with instrumental work motivation had neither a general benevolent attitude towards people, nor the values of self-actualization in general. In contrast, civil servants with professional work motivation not only shared such values, but also valued life “here and now”, strived for knowledge and creativity in professional work. Patriotic and lumpenized types of work motivation were expressed by civil servants indirectly. At the same time, employees with the patriotic type had very similar tendencies to self-actualization as employees with the professional type: they tended to live today, appreciated a current moment, strived for harmonious relationships with others, felt natural sympathy, trust in people, sought for new knowledge. The main features of this type, according to the respondents, were increased anxiety, self-doubt, neuroticism. All identified correlations between self-actualization indicators and lumpenized work motivation were negative for civil servants. Economic work motivation was the rarest for civil servants, respectively, the corresponding selfactualization tendencies included only a friendly and impartial attitude towards other people.

Among the problems of religious studies and theological discourses in the historical and temporal aspect, theoretical and practical issues related to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion are constant in their relevance. Actualization of the attention of domestic and foreign scientists and theologians in recent years is largely due to globalization processes, social transformations, the desire to establish a free, full justice of people's lives, as well as a significant exacerbation of the problems of the formation of the ideological and semantic (including religious) base of modern being personality, self-determination and self-realization of which in the sphere of worldview, morals and rights today appear to be necessary and extraordinary. Without exaggeration these problems are some of the most important topics of modern philosophy of law, religious studies and jurisprudence. Essential, conceptual peculiarities of freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, their paradigmatic fundamentals are devoted to a large array of scientific, theological literature, special studies.

The article reveals the essence and peculiarities of the personnel reserve formation in the institution of higher education. The functionality of the personnel reserve of the modern higher school is analyzed from two viewpoints: the viewpoint of an institution of higher education (functions are information, personnel planning, resource saving, anti-crisis, regulatory) and the viewpoint of a reservist (career-orientation, motivational, developmental functions). The personnel reserve management is represented by several approaches: classical (training is tied to the competence of a particular position); the personnel reserve management in the context of the concept of talent management (development on the grounds of needs and deficits in the competence of succession pool members); synthetic (the personnel reserve is a self-organized community and a training program). The best thing is to use adaptive control technology in order to regulate relationships between members of the personnel reserve, and assist them in the implementation of professional self-development and self-improvement. Adaptive control is founded on the acme-synergic principles, as it provides favorable conditions for selforganization, self-knowledge, self-understanding, self-determination, self-prediction and self-design, self-actualization and self-realization of a person as a subject of professional activity. Main lines of work of the acme-synergic service are informational-analytical (general department); organizational-designing (prognostic department); acmeologicaltechnological (technological department); psychological (department of acme-synergic support); research (analytical department).

Объектом исследования явилась самоактуализация. Предметом исследования – особенности самоактуализации молодых людей с разным уровнем притязаний. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (60 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя статистические данные по используемым методикам. Объем магистерской диссертации 75 страниц, на которых размещены 4 рисунка и 12 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме самоактуализации личности. Проанализирована характеристика самоактуализирующейся личности по подходам разных авторов и проведена связь с уровнем притязаний. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Самоактуализационный тест Э. Шостром в адаптации Ю.Е. Алешина, Л.Я. Гозман, М.В. Загика, М.В. Кроз, Оценка уровня притязаний, разработанный В. Гербечевским, тест Пирамида потребностей А. Маслоу. Также в главе представлен сравнительный и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования.
The object of the research is self-actualization. The subject of the research is the features of self-actualization of young people with different levels of aspirations. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (60 sources) and an appendix that includes statistical data on the methods used. The volume of the master's thesis is 75 pages, which contain 4 figures and 12 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problematics, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and subject of the research are determined, the main and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and empirical base are indicated, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of personality self-actualization. The characteristics of a self-actualizing personality are analyzed according to the approaches of different authors and a connection is made with the level of aspirations. Conclusions for the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It contains a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: Self-actualization test by E. Shostrom as adapted by Yu.E. Aleshina, L. Ya. Gozman, M.V. Zagika, M.V. Croz, Assessment of the level of claims, developed by V. Gerbechevsky, A. Maslow's Pyramid of Needs test. The chapter also presents a comparative and correlation analysis of the research results. Conclusions from Chapter 2 include the main findings of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, substantiates the practical significance of the study.