Zeitschriftenartikel: „Peckd“

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Abdullah, Abdullah, Intan Zahara und Gaius Wilson. „The preliminary study on feeding behavior of male and female little egret (Egretta garzetta) in mangrove and rice field habitats based on peck frequency“. Aceh Journal of Animal Science 1, Nr. 1 (15.06.2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.1.1.4143.

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The objective of the present study was to study the differences in feeding behavior from peck frequency and type of diets, between male and female little egret (Egretta garzetta) in two different habitats, mangrove and rice fields of Banda Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. Focal animal sampling was used to study the feeding behavior of randomly selected birds from 07.00 AM to 06.00 PM in July 2015. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-test to test for differences between male and female peck frequency and habitats. For the combined data of both males and females, the average peck frequency of little egret (E. garzetta) observed in the mangrove and rice fields was 238.8 and 226.2 respectively. Male E. garzetta peck frequency observed was 240 pecks in mangrove habitat while female peck frequency was 225 pecks in rice field habitat. The results of our study showed that there is a significant difference in the peck frequency of little egrets observed in the two habitats (mangrove and rice fields) and between male and female E. garzetta.

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Hoare, Richard D. „Name change for Asturiella Blessi Hoare, 2007“. Journal of Paleontology 83, Nr. 2 (März 2009): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0022-3360-83.2.319.

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Luis C. Sánchez de Posado of Oviedo University was kind to point out that Asturiella blessi Hoare, 2007 is a junior homonym of Asturiella blessi Becker, 1971. It is proposed to change the name to Asturiella pecki, named for the late Raymond E. Peck of the University of Missouri.

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Forkman, Björn. „Hens Use Occlusion to Judge Depth in a Two-Dimensional Picture“. Perception 27, Nr. 7 (Juli 1998): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270861.

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Hens ( Gallus gallus domesticus) were taught to peck at a touch screen. On the screen was a grid on which a square and a circle were depicted. The square and the circle were given different positions at random for each trial, but were never overlapping. The hens were rewarded for pecking at the symbol that was higher up on the grid/screen, ie at the one that to a human observer was seen as being further away. Every tenth trial was a probe trial in which the animals were presented with either the circle overlapping the square or vice versa. The hens were never rewarded during the probe trials. As mentioned, the hens had learned to peck at the symbol that appeared to be further away during the nonprobe trials. During the probe trials the hens pecked at the symbol that was occluded, ie in the absence of any other cues they used occlusion to determine which of the two symbols was further away. The results suggest that not only can nonhuman animals use image height as a cue but that they can generalise this to situations in which occlusion is the only depth cue present.

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Göth, Ann, und Heather Proctor. „Pecking preferences in hatchlings of the Australian brush-turkey, Alectura lathami (Megapodiidae): the role of food type and colour“. Australian Journal of Zoology 50, Nr. 1 (2002): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01046.

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Chicks of megapodes, including the Australian brush-turkey, Alectura lathami, live independently, without parents to show them where and what to eat. This paper represents the first investigation of how megapode chicks find and identify food. The specific questions addressed are: whether naive brush-turkey hatchlings are able to differentiate between food and objects that do not give a nutritional reward; whether they possess a preference for certain types of food; and which factors are most likely to trigger feeding in hatchlings. The three questions were approached by pairwise choice tests of two types. In Type 1, chicks were offered mealworm larvae, fruit cubes, seeds and non-nutritious objects (pebbles); in Type 2, chicks were offered beads of four different colours (red, green, blue and yellow). The median peck rate at pebbles was always significantly lower than that at mealworms, fruit or seeds. Mealworms received significantly more pecks than seeds or pebbles. Chicks showed no clear preference for any colour. All chicks also directed some pecks at ‘other items’ that appeared to display a strong contrast against the background of the box they were kept in, either in colour (e.g. dark knotholes in light brown wood) or in shape (three-dimensional, such as claws and faeces). Hatchlings seem to direct their initial pecks at objects that have certain characteristics in common, such as contrast, movement (for live prey) and reflective surfaces (for fruit or seeds). Preference for these rather general characteristics may be adaptive considering that chicks can hatch in various habitats and different months of the year, making the types of food available at hatching unpredictable.

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Cousins, Lucy. „Sharing books… Peck, Peck, Peck“. Nursery World 2018, Nr. 13 (25.06.2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2018.13.21.

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Gómez Pinto, Luis Ricardo. „LA POLÍTICA EN EDUCACIÓN COMO DETERMINANTE DE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO: EL CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO SOBRE LA TENSIÓN DE MODELOS ECONÓMICOS (I)“. Vniversitas, Nr. 128 (30.06.2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.vj128.pecd.

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La presente investigación se divide en dos partes y gira en torno siguienteinterrogante: ¿cómo la educación puede modificar las perspectivas de vida en una sociedad? La primera parte, que integra el presente artículo, se divide en dos partes esenciales. La primera propone un recuento histórico sobre el estado de cosas de la educación en Colombia. La segunda abordará el problema sobre la naturaleza de la educación. A partir de aquí, se dejarán planteadas unas conclusiones sobre el contexto histórico de la educación como política pública.

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Gómez Pinto, Luis Ricardo. „LA POLÍTICA EN EDUCACIÓN COMO DETERMINANTE DE DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO: EL CASO DE LA EDUCACIÓN DE MUJERES Y MENORES DE EDAD COMO VARIABLE PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LAS TASAS DE MORTALIDAD (II)“. Vniversitas, Nr. 129 (30.12.2014): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.vj129.pecd.

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La primera parte de esta investigación, publicada anteriormente, planteó la tensión histórica, como marco de la evolución de la política pública en educación en Colombia. Esta segunda parte contextualizará la crisis que afrontan los modelos educativos, como resultado de la contradicción que surge cuando se habla de modelos de desarrollo y modelos decrecimiento económico, como resultado de esa tensión histórica. Para desarrollar esta idea, el primer punto parte de la tesis de Amartya Sen sobre los bienes semipúblicos como respuesta a las crisis económicas en política educativa, que se materializan en las acciones afirmativas en educación de mujeres y niños. El segundo punto analizará los resultados en inversión en políticas educativas en el mundo, como el fomento para la ruptura de las brechas de segregación y las tasas de mortalidad. En la tercera parte, se hará una descripción de los principales retos que elproyecto educativo afronta desde la prevalencia de la postura del modelo de crecimiento, fortalecido por las reformas del siglo XXI. Al final, se arrojarán unas conclusiones generales de la investigación.

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Morrison, Hope. „Peck, Peck, Peck by Lucy Cousins“. Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, Nr. 2 (2013): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2013.0701.

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Subramaniam, Shrinidhi, und Elizabeth G. E. Kyonka. „Selective attention in pigeon temporal discrimination“. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, Nr. 2 (01.01.2018): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1360921.

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Cues can vary in how informative they are about when specific outcomes, such as food availability, will occur. This study was an experimental investigation of the functional relation between cue informativeness and temporal discrimination in a peak-interval (PI) procedure. Each session consisted of fixed-interval (FI) 2- and 4-s schedules of food and occasional, 12-s PI trials during which pecks had no programmed consequences. Across conditions, the phi (ϕ) correlation between key light color and FI schedule value was manipulated. Red and green key lights signaled the onset of either or both FI schedules. Different colors were either predictive (ϕ = 1), moderately predictive (ϕ = 0.2-0.8) or not predictive (ϕ = 0) of a specific FI schedule. This study tested the hypothesis that temporal discrimination is a function of the momentary conditional probability of food; that is, pigeons peck the most at either 2 s or 4 s when ϕ = 1 and peck at both intervals when ϕ < 1. Response distributions were bimodal Gaussian curves; distributions from red- and green-key PI trials converged when ϕ ≤ 0.6. Peak times estimated by summed Gaussian functions, averaged across conditions and pigeons, were 1.85 and 3.87 s; however, pigeons did not always maximize the momentary probability of food. When key light color was highly correlated with FI schedules (ϕ ≥ 0.6), estimates of peak times indicated that temporal discrimination accuracy was reduced at the unlikely interval, but not the likely interval. The mechanism of this reduced temporal discrimination accuracy could be interpreted as an attentional process.

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Lee, Eun-Jin, und Tae-Seon Kim. „Modeling of PECVD Oxide Film Properties Using Neural Networks“. Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 23, Nr. 11 (01.11.2010): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2010.23.11.831.

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Ding, Er Xiong, Hong Zhang Geng, Li He Mao, Wen Yi Wang, Yan Wang, Zhi Jia Luo, Jing Wang und Hai Jie Yang. „Recent Research Progress of Carbon Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Method“. Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.308.

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Preparing carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method can dramatically reduce the deposition temperature, which makes it possible for in-situ fabrication of CNT-based nanoelectronic devices. In this paper, up to date research progress of CNT arrays prepared by PECVD method was presented, including radio frequency PECVD, direct current PECVD and microwave PECVD. Then, morphology and quality of CNT arrays were compared. In the end, we analyzed the possible challenges encountered through CNT array preparation by PECVD method at the moment and in the future.

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Noriah, Yusoff, Nor Hayati Saad, Mohsen Nabipoor, Suraya Sulaiman und Daniel Bien Chia Sheng. „Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Time Effect on Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube Growth Using C₂H₂ and H₂ as Precursors“. Advanced Materials Research 938 (Juni 2014): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.938.58.

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Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) structures were grown on cobalt catalyst layer through Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) process. Acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen (H2) are used as precursors during the PECVD process. The morphology structures of the MWCNTs grown under different PECVD time were investigated and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The effect of the PECVD time on the MWCNT growth is studied by varying the PECVD time at 45 sec and 600 sec. The morphology structures suggest that the growth rate is proportional to the PECVD time under the similar setting condition of pressure, acetylene flow-rate and temperature.

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Dickins, David W. „“Punishing” pecks and “siblicidal” pecks in kittiwake (tridactyla) chicks“. Learning and Motivation 73 (Februar 2021): 101695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101695.

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Kim, J. W., J. H. Boo und D. B. Lee. „Oxidation of Amorphous BON Thin Films Grown by RF-PECVD“. Korean Journal of Materials Research 14, Nr. 10 (01.10.2004): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2004.14.10.683.

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KIM, JIN-EUI, SANG-HYUK RYU und SIE-YOUNG CHOI. „THE EFFECT OF a-SiN:H AND a-Si:H SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF TFT BY PE/RACVD“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, Nr. 15n16 (30.06.2010): 3107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210066161.

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This paper describes the influence of surface roughness on the mobility of a - SiN : H and a - Si : H . For the a - SiN : H deposited by PECVD, the roughness was 0.832 nm. The a - SiN : H layer composed of (PECVD 150 nm + RACVD 100 nm) had better characteristic of roughness than the a - SiN : H layer (PECVD 250 nm) by 47%. The roughness of the a - Si : H (PECVD 200 nm) deposited on the a - SiN : H layer was 0.803 nm. And the roughness of a - Si : H (RACVD 100 nm + PECVD 100 nm) deposited the a - SiN : H layer is better than the a - Si : H (PECVD 200 nm) by 27%. After depositing the layer of a - SiN : H and a - Si : H at the best condition obtained by the experiments the mobility was measured. The a - Si : H is deposited by the PECVD, the obtained mobility was 0.218 cm 2/V ·sec. The a - Si : H was deposited by the PE/RACVD, the obtained mobility was 0.248 cm 2/V ·sec. The mobility is enhanced by 10% by depositing the a - Si : H layer using the PE/RACVD method.

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Goumas, Madeleine, Neeltje J. Boogert und Laura A. Kelley. „Urban herring gulls use human behavioural cues to locate food“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 191959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191959.

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While many animals are negatively affected by urbanization, some species appear to thrive in urban environments. Herring gulls ( Larus argentatus ) are commonly found in urban areas and often scavenge food discarded by humans. Despite increasing interactions between humans and gulls, little is known about the cognitive underpinnings of urban gull behaviour and to what extent they use human behavioural cues when making foraging decisions. We investigated whether gulls are more attracted to anthropogenic items when they have been handled by a human. We first presented free-living gulls with two identical food objects, one of which was handled, and found that gulls preferentially pecked at the handled food object. We then tested whether gulls' attraction to human-handled objects generalizes to non-food items by presenting a new sample of gulls with two non-food objects, where, again, only one was handled. While similar numbers of gulls approached food and non-food objects in both experiments, they did not peck at handled non-food objects above chance levels. These results suggest that urban gulls generally show low levels of neophobia, but that they use human handling as a cue specifically in the context of food. These behaviours may contribute to gulls’ successful exploitation of urban environments.

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WANG, ZHENG-HUI, ZI-QIANG WU und CHANG-LIN ZHAO. „Type studies confirm that Perenniporia subacida and its four varieties are synonyms“. Phytotaxa 305, Nr. 2 (24.04.2017): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.2.6.

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Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, previously known as Polyporus subacidus Peck (Peck 1885), causes a serious wood rot disease in tropical and temperate forests (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1994, Núñez & Ryvarden 2001, Dai et al. 2002, Decock & Stalpers 2006, Zhao et al. 2013, Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Peck (1885) described this taxon with four varieties, Polyporus subacidus var. stalactiticus Peck, P. subacidus var. tenuis Peck, P. subacidus var. tuberculosus Peck and P. subacidus var. vesiculosus Peck based on different hosts and this species has been transferred into several genera, Poria Pers., Chaetoporus P. Karst, Oxyporus (Bourdot & Galzin) Donk and Perenniporia Murrill (Saccardo 1888, Bondartsev & Singer 1941, Parmasto 1961, Donk 1967).

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Chen, Tsung-Cheng, Ting-Wei Kuo, Yu-Ling Lin, Chen-Hao Ku, Zu-Po Yang und Ing-Song Yu. „Enhancement for Potential-Induced Degradation Resistance of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells via Anti-Reflection Coating by Industrial PECVD Methods“. Coatings 8, Nr. 12 (22.11.2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120418.

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The issue of potential-induced degradation (PID) has gained more concerns due to causing the catastrophic failures in photovoltaic (PV) modules. One of the approaches to diminish PID is to modify the anti-reflection coating (ARC) layer upon the front surface of crystalline silicon solar cells. Here, we focus on the modification of ARC films to realize PID-free step-by-step through three delicate experiments. Firstly, the ARC films deposited by direct plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and by indirect PECVD were investigated. The results showed that the efficiency degradation of solar cells by indirect PECVD method is up to −33.82%, which is out of the IEC 62804 standard and is significantly more severe than by the direct PECVD method (−0.82%). Next, the performance of PID-resist for the solar cell via indirect PECVD was improved significantly (PID reduced from −31.82% to −2.79%) by a pre-oxidation step, which not only meets the standard but also has higher throughput than direct PECVD. Lastly, we applied a novel PECVD technology, called the pulsed-plasma (PP) PECVD method, to deal with the PID issue. The results of the HF-etching rate test and FTIR measurement indicated the films deposited by PP PECVD have higher potential against PID in consideration of less oxygen content in this film. That demonstrated the film properties were changed by applied a new control of freedom, i.e., PP method. In addition, the 96 h PID result of the integrated PP method was only −2.07%, which was comparable to that of the integrated traditional CP method. In summary, we proposed three effective or potential approaches to eliminate the PID issue, and all approaches satisfied the IEC 62804 standard of less than 5% power loss in PV modules.

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Ham, Yong-Hyun, Kwang-Ho Kwon und Hyun-Woo Lee. „The Study on the Non-Uniformity of PECVD SiO2Deposition by the Plasma Diagnostics“. Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 24, Nr. 2 (01.02.2011): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2011.24.2.89.

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Al Alam, Elias, Ignasi Cortés, T. Begou, Antoine Goullet, Frederique Morancho, Alain Cazarré, P. Regreny et al. „Comparison of Electrical Behavior of GaN-Based MOS Structures Obtained by Different PECVD Process“. Materials Science Forum 711 (Januar 2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.711.228.

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MOS SiO2/GaN structures were fabricated with different surface preparation and different PECVD processes for the dielectric thin film deposition (ECR-PECVD and ICP-PECVD in continuous and pulsed modes). On the basis of C-V curves, the surface preparation steps, involving chemical etching with BOE, UV-Ozone oxidation and oxygen plasma oxidation, were compared in terms of resulting effective charge and interface trap density. A good SiO2/GaN interface quality was achieved for N-type MOS capacitances obtained both with continuousICPPECVD and ECR-PECVD deposition of the SiO2 dielectric. However, the interface quality is greatly reduced for MOS capacitors fabricated on P-type GaN.

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Echeverría, Elena, George Peterson, Bin Dong, Simeon Gilbert, Adeola Oyelade, Michael Nastasi, Jeffry A. Kelber und Peter A. Dowben. „Band Bending at the Gold (Au)/Boron Carbide-Based Semiconductor Interface“. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 232, Nr. 5-6 (24.05.2018): 893–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2017-1038.

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Abstract We have used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to study the interaction of gold (Au) with novel boron carbide-based semiconductors grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Both n- and p-type films have been investigated and the PECVD boron carbides are compared to those containing aromatic compounds. In the case of the p-type semiconducting PECVD hydrogenated boron carbide samples, the binding energy of the B(1s) core level shows a shift to higher binding energies as the Au is deposited, an indication of band bending and possibly Schottky barrier formation. In the case of the n-type boron carbide semiconductors the interaction at the interface is more typical of an ohmic contact. Addition of the aromatic compounds increases the change in binding energies on both n-type and p-type PECVD boron carbide semiconductors, and the gold appears to diffuse into the PECVD boron carbides alloyed with aromatic moieties.

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Parkhomenko, I. N., I. A. Romanov, M. A. Makhavikou, L. A. Vlasukova, G. D. Ivlev, F. F. Komarov, N. S. Kovalchuk et al. „Effect of thermal and pulse laser annealing on photoluminescence of CVD silicon nitride films“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series 55, Nr. 2 (28.06.2019): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2019-55-2-225-231.

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The light-emitting properties of Si-rich silicon nitride films deposited on the Si (100) substrate by plasma-enhanced (PECVD) and low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) have been investigated. In spite of the similar stoichiometry (SiN1.1), nitride films fabricated by different techniques emit in different spectral ranges. Photoluminescence (PL) maxima lay in red (640 nm) and blue (470 nm) spectral range for the PECVD and LPCVD SiN1.1 films, respectively. It has been shown that equilibrium furnace annealing and laser annealing by ruby laser (694 nm, 70 ns) affect PL spectra of PECVD and LPCVD SiN1.1 in a different way. Furnace annealing at 600 °C results in a significant increase of the PL intensity of the PECVD film, while annealing of LPCVD films result only in PL quenching. It has been concluded that laser annealing is not appropriate for the PECVD film. The dominated red band in the PL spectrum of the PECVD film monotonically decreases with increasing an energy density of laser pulses from 0.45 to 1.4 J/cm2. Besides, the ablation of PECVD nitride films is observed after irradiation by laser pulses with an energy density of > 1 J/cm2. This effect is accompanied by an increase in blue emission attributed to the formation of a polysilicon layer under the nitride film. In contrast, the LPCVD film demonstrates the high stability to pulsed laser exposure. Besides, an increase in the PL intensity for LPCVD films is observed after irradiation by a double laser pulse (1.4 + 2 J/cm2) which has not been achieved by furnace annealing.

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Song, Zhanping, Xiaoxu Tian und Yuwei Zhang. „A New Modified Peck Formula for Predicting the Surface Settlement Based on Stochastic Medium Theory“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (22.10.2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7328190.

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Peck method and stochastic medium method are the two most commonly used methods to estimate surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation. However, the Peck method was not suitable for a shallow-buried tunnel, and the calculation process of the stochastic medium theory was complicated. To solve this problem, in this paper, a simple and accurate prediction approach for surface settlement was obtained by improving the Peck method based on the basic idea of stochastic medium theory. In detail, the over-excavation area of the tunnel was divided into n independent units, and the surface settlement caused by the collapse of each unit was calculated, respectively. Then, the total surface settlement can be obtained by superimposing surface settlement induced by each unit. Taking the shallow-buried section of Mulingguan tunnel entrance as a case, the surface settlement calculated by the modified Peck formula and original Peck formula was compared with the observed data, respectively. The comparison results indicated that the surface settlement calculated by the modified Peck formula is closer to the observed data than that calculated by the original Peck formula in the calculation process of surface settlement of shallow-buried tunnel. The table of recommendation for the number of units can be obtained by a discussion of reasonable n values. Finally, the difference between the original Peck formula and the modified Peck formula was analysed, and the results showed that the change rule of the surface settlement is consistent under the tunnel depth, internal friction angle, and ground loss of the tunnel. However, the calculation error of the surface settlements calculated by the original Peck formula is more significant than that calculated by modified Peck formula under the tunnel diameter ratio being less than 1.75. The modified Peck formula is more suitable for calculating the surface settlement under internal angle friction being less than 20° or greater than 40°. The research results expand the scope of application of the original Peck formula and enrich the calculation approach of surface settlement induced by underground excavation in tunnel construction.

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Yuan, Jin She, Ming Yue Wang und Guo Hao Yu. „Low-Temperature Plasma Deposition of Diamond-Like Carbon and III Nitride Thin-Films for Photovoltaic Devices“. Materials Science Forum 610-613 (Januar 2009): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.353.

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Low-temperature plasma deposition of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and gallium nitride thin-films grown on Si substrate by PECVD was investigated using atomic force microscopy and reflectance spectra for photovoltaic devices application. It was found that the morphological features of the GaN film depend on the substrates under the optimum deposition conditions. The optical band gap of the films was approximately 5.5eV for PECVD DLC and approximately 3.3 eV for PECVD GaN.

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Ahn, Yong, Han Joong Keum und Sang Ha Shin. „Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Comparative Cohort Study with a Five-Year Follow-Up“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, Nr. 2 (29.01.2020): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020371.

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Percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD) is an effective minimally invasive surgery for soft cervical disc herniation in properly selected cases. The current gold standard is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). However, few studies have evaluated the outcome of PECD compared with ACDF. We compared the surgical results of PECD and ACDF. Data from patients treated with single-level PECD (n = 51) or ACDF (n = 64) were analyzed. Patients were prospectively entered into the clinical database and their records were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperative data and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and modified Macnab criteria. VAS and NDI results significantly improved in both groups. The rates of excellent or good results were 88.24% and 90.63% in the PECD and ACDF group, respectively. The revision rates were 3.92% and 1.56% in the PECD and ACDF group, respectively. Operative time, hospital stay, and time to return to work were reduced in the PECD group compared to the ACDF group (p < 0.001). The five-year outcomes of PECD were comparable to those of conventional ACDF. PECD provided the typical benefits of minimally invasive surgery and may be an effective alternative for treating soft cervical disc herniation.

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Martijena, I. D., und A. Arce. „Transient benzodiazepine – GABAA receptor increase after a passive avoidance learning in synaptosomal membranes from chick forebrain“. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, Nr. 3 (01.03.1994): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-036.

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One-day-old chicks were exposed to a one-time passive avoidance learning task. After chicks peck a bead dipped in a bitter-tasting liquid, they learn to stop pecking the bead. Radioligand binding analysis of [3H]flunitrazepam was performed on crude synaptosomal membranes from forebrains, at 10, 30, and 60 min post-training. Water-trained chicks (control) pecked a bead dipped in water, and they did not learn to stop pecking the bead. The water control was complemented with a methyl anthranilate fed control chick to demonstrate that taste per se does not affect the [3H]flunitrazepam binding. At 30 min in relation to 10 min post-training, the Bmax increased 31% in water-trained chicks and 56% in taste-trained chicks, with Bmax of the taste-trained chicks reaching a value 22% higher than that in water-trained chicks. The difference, attributable to the learning, disappeared at 60 min post-training, and at all times the affinity remained unchanged. The Bmax increase in water-trained chicks might be attributable to psychological stress accompanying the task and the Bmax increase in taste-trained chicks attributable to the learning in addition to the stress accompanying the task. The results suggest that the receptor increase associated with learning is involved in early stages of memory formation.Key words: chick learning, stress, chick forebrain, flunitrazepam binding.

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Hudson, S. J., N. F. Lightfoot, J. C. Coulson, K. Russell, P. R. Sisson und A. O. Sobo. „Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human campylobacter infection“. Epidemiology and Infection 107, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1991): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800049001.

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SUMMARYIn 1990 we reported that milk bottles pecked by jackdaws and magpies were a probable source of human Campylobacter infection. During April to June 1990 an extended study of Campylobacter infections was carried out in the Gateshead area. Prior to the study a health education programme was undertaken in an attempt to reduce human infection. Fifty-nine cases of human infection were recorded and 52 were interviewed. Thirty were entered into a case control study which demonstrated a very strong association between consumption of pecked milk and human Campylobacter infection (X2= 12·6,P< 0·0004). It was estimated that between 500 and 1000 jackdaws(Corvus monedula)were present in the area where milk bottles were pecked and 63 isolates of Campylobacter were made from the bill and cloaca. Target bottles were put out in the early mornings and Campylobacters were isolated from 12 of 123 pecked bottles. Typing of the Campylobacters revealed a wide distribution of strains amongst birds, pecked milk and human infections. The health education programme had only limited success.

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Sakuma, Takashi, und Tetsumi Moriyama. „THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN PIGEONS’ SCHEDULE-INDUCED AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND THE RECIPIENTS’ COUNTER-BEHAVIOR“. Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta 45, Nr. 2 (01.12.2019): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5514/rmac.v45.i2.75579.

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The present experiment was conducted to investigate whether an experimental pigeon's shield-peck responses toward a target pigeon could be induced by a food reinforcement schedule consisting of continuous reinforcement (CRF) and extinction. Further, the interaction between experimental and target pigeons’ shield-peck responses was investigated. The experiment was an ABAB design consisting of alternating phases of nonreinforcement (A) and CRF-extinction (B) of the experimental pigeons' key-peck responses unrelated to their shield-peck responses. The experimental pigeons' shield-peck responses were induced by the CRF-extinction schedule. Further, there were positive correlations between the experimental and the target pigeons' shield-peck responses revealing a similar trend in both their response rates. Thus, the experimental pigeons’ shield-peck responses were controlled by variables including the reinforcement schedule and social stimuli including ontogenic and phylogenic variables derived from their target pigeons. Moreover, the pigeons' responses could be classified as an aggressive behavior derived from the interlocking contingencies of the responses of the pigeons of the dyads.

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Andrews, Danielle M., und Thomas R. Zentall. „To peck or not peck: Which do pigeons prefer?“ Learning & Behavior 47, Nr. 3 (12.11.2018): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-018-0365-7.

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Joo, Jung-Hoon. „Numerical Modeling of Very High Frequency Multi Hollow Cathode PECVD“. Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society 19, Nr. 5 (30.09.2010): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5757/jkvs.2010.19.5.331.

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Porada, O. K., V. S. Manzhara, A. O. Kozak, V. I. Ivashchenko und L. A. Ivashchenko. „Photoluminescence Properties of PECVD Si-C-N Films“. Journal of Nano- and Electronic Physics 9, Nr. 2 (2017): 02022–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jnep.9(2).02022.

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Nakamura, Masatoshi, Toru Aoki, Yoshinori Hatanaka, Dariusz Korzec und Jurgen Engemann. „Comparison of hydrophilic properties of amorphous TiOx films obtained by radio frequency sputtering and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition“. Journal of Materials Research 16, Nr. 2 (Februar 2001): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0089.

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The hydrophilic properties of amorphous TiOx films prepared by different methods, e.g., radio frequency (rf) sputtering and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), were studied. It was found that the hydrophilicity strongly depends on the film structure. The best hydrophilicity was realized with the PECVD amorphous film having distorted Ti–O bonds due to a large amount of OH groups. These characteristics of the PECVD amorphous film suggest that such a low-density film including distorted Ti–O bonds could increase the photoenhancement efficiency by ultraviolet radiation. This reason is also supported from the results that a low-density rf sputtered film presented a higher hydrophilicity compared to a high-density radio frequency sputtered film. Furthermore, both electrical and chemical effects of OH groups will also contribute to the good hydrophilicity of the PECVD film.

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Nikolov, Krasimir, Bernd Schuhmacher, Thomas Jung und Claus-Peter Klages. „PECVD mit der Bandhohlkathode“. Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis 23, Nr. 2 (28.03.2011): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201100451.

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34

Srb, Vladimír. „Emanuel Pecka: Sociologie politiky“. HISTORICKÁ SOCIOLOGIE 2010, Nr. 1 (10.10.2017): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23363525.2017.72.

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Choi, Soo Young, und John M. White. „Large Area PECVD Technology“. ECS Transactions 25, Nr. 8 (17.12.2019): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3207658.

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36

Park, Kyoung Woo, Seunghee Lee, Hyunkoo Lee, Yong-Hwan Cho, Yong Cheon Park, Sung Gap Im und Sang-Hee Ko Park. „High-performance thin H:SiON OLED encapsulation layer deposited by PECVD at low temperature“. RSC Advances 9, Nr. 1 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08449a.

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High-performance H:SiON single layer thin film encapsulation (TFE) was deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. To control the characteristics of the SiON thin films, hydrogen gas was introduced during PECVD process.

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Kočárek, Petr, Ivona Horká und Robin Kundrata. „Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta)“. Insects 11, Nr. 1 (12.01.2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11010051.

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Zoraptera is a small and predominantly tropical insect order with an unresolved higher classification due to the extremely uniform external body morphology. We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological characters in order to propose a natural infraordinal classification. We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which we propose family ranks. The two families exhibit striking differences in male genitalia and reproductive strategies. Each family contains two subclades (subfamilies) supported by several morphological synapomorphies including the relative lengths of the basal antennomeres, the number and position of metatibial spurs, and the structure of male genitalia. The newly proposed higher classification of Zoraptera includes the family Zorotypidae stat. revid. with Zorotypinae Silvestri, 1913 (Zorotypus stat. revid., Usazoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993 stat. restit.) and Spermozorinae subfam. nov. (Spermozoros gen. nov.), and Spriralizoridae fam. nov. with Spiralizorinae subfam. nov. (Spiralizoros gen. nov., Scapulizoros gen. nov., Cordezoros gen. nov., Centrozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit., Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.), and Latinozorinae subfam. nov. (Latinozoros Kukalova-Peck and Peck, 1993, stat. restit.). An identification key and morphological diagnoses for all supraspecific taxa are provided.

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Preissler, Natalie, Daniel Amkreutz, Jorge Dulanto, Jan Amaru Töfflinger, Cham Thi Trinh, Martina Trahms, Daniel Abou-Ras et al. „Passivation of Liquid-Phase Crystallized Silicon With PECVD-SiNxand PECVD-SiNx/SiOx“. physica status solidi (a) 215, Nr. 14 (06.06.2018): 1800239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201800239.

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Ren, Youliang, Junsong Yang, Chien-Min Chen, Kaixuan Liu, Xiang-Fu Wang, Jian-Min Wei, Lei Shi et al. „Outcomes of Discectomy by Using Full-Endoscopic Visualization Technique via the Transcorporeal and Transdiscal Approaches in the Treatment of Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Comparative Study“. BioMed Research International 2020 (30.05.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5613459.

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Objective. To compare the difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes between anterior transcorporeal and transdiscal percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (ATc-PECD/ATd-PECD) approaches for treating patients with cervical intervertebral disc herniation (CIVDH). Method. We selected 77 patients with single-segment CIVDH and received ATc-PECD or ATd-PECD in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March 1, 2010, and July 1, 2015. 35 patients suffered from ATc-PECD, and there were 42 patients in the ATd-PECD group. Obtaining the data of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, the VAS for neck and arm pain and the modified MacNab criteria were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes, comparing radiographic outcomes and complications of these two groups. Results. We found that the mean operative time was significantly longer in the ATc-PECD group (P<0.05). At the 2-year follow-up, the mean VAS score for neck and arm pain was significantly decreased in both two groups. There was no significant difference in the VAS score for arm pain and neck pain between the two groups at the 2-year follow-up (P=0.783 and P=0.785, respectively). For the ATc-PECD group, the difference in the height of IVS or vertebral body was significant between the preoperative and postoperative groups (P<0.05, respectively). For the ATd-PECD group, there was only a significant decrease in the height of the IVS (P<0.05); the decrease in the surgical vertebral body was not significant between the preoperative and postoperative groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. In the 2-year follow-up, there is no significant difference in the clinical outcomes between the 2 approaches. While the longer time was consumed in the ATc-PECD group, the lower rate of disc collapse and recurrence is notable. Additionally, when the center diameter of tunnel was limited to 6 mm, the bony defect can be healed without the occurrence of the collapse of the superior endplate, and ATc-PECD may be preferable in the endoscopic treatment of CIVDH.

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O'Rourke, Thomas D., und Harvey W. Parker. „Ralph B. Peck“. Géotechnique 59, Nr. 5 (Juni 2009): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.ob.8.0005.

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41

Cohen, R. D. „Bernard Joseph Peck“. BMJ 326, Nr. 7385 (15.02.2003): 398k—398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.326.7385.398/k.

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Weingardt, Richard G. „Ralph Brazelton Peck“. Leadership and Management in Engineering 7, Nr. 3 (Juli 2007): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-6748(2007)7:3(97).

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BERDINSKY, A. S., P. S. ALEGAONKAR, H. C. LEE, J. S. JUNG, J. H. HAN, J. B. YOO, D. FINK und L. T. CHADDERTON. „GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN ETCHED ION TRACKS IN SILICON OXIDE ON SILICON“. Nano 02, Nr. 01 (Februar 2007): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000386.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selectively grown in etched ion tracks in SiO 2 layers on Si . For this sake, Ni -catalyst nanocrystals were initially deposited within the ion tracks by galvanic deposition. The characteristics of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)- and thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD)-grown CNTs, such as structural details and length distribution, were investigated. In addition, field emission properties were studied. The analysis revealed that the emerging PECVD-grown CNTs were of cylindrical and/or conical shape and usually had diameters as large as the etched tracks. The exponential length distribution of these CNTs can be well understood by applying a simple defect-growth model. For contrast, many narrow and curled CNTs were found to cluster in spots well separated from each other, after applying TCVD instead of PECVD. The Raman investigations of PECVD-grown CNTs showed that Si – O – C and Si – C phases had formed during the growth of the CNTs. These ion-track-correlated PECVD-grown CNTs open the way for the production of novel 3D nanoelectronic devices based on the TEMPOS concept. These structures are also excellent candidates for experiments on channeling in CNTs. Application as field emitting devices, however, appears unfavorable due to poor mean-field enhancement factors and insufficient stability.

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Radjef, Racim, Karyn L. Jarvis, Colin Hall, Andrew Ang, Bronwyn L. Fox und Sally L. McArthur. „Characterising a Custom-Built Radio Frequency PECVD Reactor to Vary the Mechanical Properties of TMDSO Films“. Molecules 26, Nr. 18 (16.09.2021): 5621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185621.

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Plasma-polymerised tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO) films are frequently applied as coatings for their abrasion resistance and barrier properties. By manipulating the deposition parameters, the chemical structure and thus mechanical properties of the films can also be controlled. These mechanical properties make them attractive as energy adsorbing layers for a range of applications, including carbon fibre composites. In this study, a new radio frequency (RF) plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) plasma reactor was designed with the capability to coat fibres with an energy adsorbing film. A key characterisation step for the system was establishing how the properties of the TMDSO films could be modified and compared with those deposited using a well-characterized microwave (MW) PECVD reactor. Film thickness and chemistry were determined with ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The mechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy with peak-force quantitative nanomechanical mapping. The RF PECVD films had a greater range of Young’s modulus and hardness values than the MW PECVD films, with values as high as 56.4 GPa and 7.5 GPa, respectively. These results demonstrated the varied properties of TMDSO films that could in turn be deposited onto carbon fibres using a custom-built RF PECVD reactor.

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Deng, Zhong-Liang. „Modified K-Hole Percutaneous Endoscopic Surgery for Cervical Foraminal Stenosis: Partial Pediculectomy Approach“. Pain Physician 5, Nr. 22;5 (11.09.2019): E407—E416. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2019.22.e407.

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Background: Percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy has evolved as an efficient, minimally invasive spine surgery for radiculopathy caused by soft and/or osseous foraminal stenosis. Although interlaminar access can be used to resect lateral herniated lesions or osteophytes located in the foramina, with limited operative space, nerve retraction may be unavoidable. This procedure may injure the nerve root and cause postoperative arm pain, numbness, and muscle weakness, especially when the herniation is located in the ventral nerve root or when there is a massive osteophyte in the foramina. However, posterior partial cervical pediculectomy under endoscopy provides a new approach to effectively reduce or even avoid nerve retraction and reduce the potential risk of nerve injury. Objectives: This report presents a partial pediculectomy approach and compares the clinical outcomes of different surgical methods, including posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy (P-PECD) and P-PECD combined with partial pediculectomy Study Design: This study used a retrospective comparative study design. Setting: This study took place at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Methods: From February 2015 to March 2017, 84 patients with single-level and unilateral soft and/or osseous cervical foraminal stenosis were recruited. Patients were treated with P-PECD (40 patients) and P-PECD combined with partial pediculectomy (44 patients). Postoperative clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified MacNab grading criteria and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at different times after surgery. The surgery duration, dosage of postoperative analgesic medication, duration of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: The mean duration of the conventional P-PECD surgery was 74.48 ± 7.08 minutes, which was significantly longer (P = 0.002) than that observed for the P-PECD with partial pediculectomy (66.00 ± 9.62 minutes). The analgesic dosage in the conventional P-PECD group was significantly higher than that in the partial pediculectomy group (9.14 ± 3.07 units vs. 5.71 ± 3.41 units; P = 0.001). The hospital stay in the conventional P-PECD group was significantly longer than that in the partial pediculectomy group (3.86 ± 0.85 days vs. 3.24 ± 0.83 days; P = 0.022). The VAS scores at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after surgery in the conventional P-PECD group were significantly higher than those in the partial pediculectomy group (all P < 0.001). The modified MacNab grading criteria showed no significant difference at each follow-up (P = 1). The incidence of complications in the P-PECD with partial pediculectomy group (2/44, 4.55%) was significantly lower than that in the conventional P-PECD group (4/40, 10.0%), including complications of increased pain, increased numbness, and worsening of muscle weakness. Limitations: This study is limited by being a retrospective study, and by having a small sample size and a short follow-up period. Conclusions: As an alternative to the P-PECD surgical technique, P-PECD with partial pediculectomy effectively reduced the postoperative complications and may be preferable when considering the surgery duration, postoperative hospital stay, analgesic dosage, and postoperative VAS score. Key words: Cervical disc herniation, foraminal stenosis, percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy, PECD, P-PECD, partial pediculectomy

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Choi, Gun, Sang Ho Lee, Max Franco de Carvalho und Nicolas Prada. „Percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy: 16 years of experience and literature review“. Coluna/Columna 8, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-18512009000300017.

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The advancement of the percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PECD) and its clinical success have led to similar minimally invasive approaches to the cervical spine. The goal of PECD is the decompression of the cervical nerve root through a direct endoscopic visualization, removing the herniated mass and shrinking the nucleous pulposus with the use of microforceps and holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. The senior author have performed PECD with cervical laser assisted endoscopy since 1993. The PECD is indicate to patients with constrained or unconstrained soft herniated cervical disc, positive provocative test, and no bony spur larger than 2 mm, regardless of the herniation size. The authors described the surgical technique of PECD and report their 16 years of experience in the endoscopic treatment of the herniated cervical disc.

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Guo, Hangzhi, Alexander Woodruff und Amulya Yadav. „Improving Lives of Indebted Farmers Using Deep Learning: Predicting Agricultural Produce Prices Using Convolutional Neural Networks“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, Nr. 08 (03.04.2020): 13294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i08.7039.

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Farmer suicides have become an urgent social problem which governments around the world are trying hard to solve. Most farmers are driven to suicide due to an inability to sell their produce at desired profit levels, which is caused by the widespread uncertainty/fluctuation in produce prices resulting from varying market conditions. To prevent farmer suicides, this paper takes the first step towards resolving the issue of produce price uncertainty by presenting PECAD, a deep learning algorithm for accurate prediction of future produce prices based on past pricing and volume patterns. While previous work presents machine learning algorithms for prediction of produce prices, they suffer from two limitations: (i) they do not explicitly consider the spatio-temporal dependence of future prices on past data; and as a result, (ii) they rely on classical ML prediction models which often perform poorly when applied to spatio-temporal datasets. PECAD addresses these limitations via three major contributions: (i) we gather real-world daily price and (produced) volume data of different crops over a period of 11 years from an official Indian government administered website; (ii) we pre-process this raw dataset via state-of-the-art imputation techniques to account for missing data entries; and (iii) PECAD proposes a novel wide and deep neural network architecture which consists of two separate convolutional neural network models (trained for pricing and volume data respectively). Our simulation results show that PECAD outperforms existing state-of-the-art baseline methods by achieving significantly lesser root mean squared error (RMSE) - PECAD achieves ∼25% lesser coefficient of variance than state-of-the-art baselines. Our work is done in collaboration with a non-profit agency that works on preventing farmer suicides in the Indian state of Jharkhand, and PECAD is currently being reviewed by them for potential deployment.

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Bhushan, Bharat, Andrew J. Kellock, Nam-Hee Cho und Joel W. Ager. „Characterization of chemical bonding and physical characteristics of diamond-like amorphous carbon and diamond films“. Journal of Materials Research 7, Nr. 2 (Februar 1992): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0404.

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Diamond-like (amorphous) carbon (DLC) films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and diamond films were prepared by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD). For the first time, chemical and mechanical characterization of the films from each category are carried out systematically and a comparison of the chemical and physical properties is provided. We find that DLC coatings produced by PECVD are superior in microhardness and modulus of elasticity to those produced by sputtering. PECVD films contain a larger fraction of sp3-bonding than the sputtered hydrogenated carbon films. Chemical and physical properties of the diamond films appear to be close to those of bulk diamond.

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Lee, Hyung Seok, Martin Domeij, Carl Mikael Zetterling, Mikael Östling und Einar Ö. Sveinbjörnsson. „A Comparative Study of Surface Passivation on SiC BJTs with High Current Gain“. Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.631.

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The effect of the different types of passivation layers on the current gain of SiC BJTs has been investigated. Measurements have been compared for BJTs passivated with thermal SiO2, plasma deposited (PECVD) SiO2 and BJTs without passivation. The maximum DC current gain of BJTs with thermal SiO2 was about 62 at IC=20 mA and Vce=40 V. On the other hand, the BJTs with a passivation by PECVD SiO2 had a DC current gain of only 25. The surface recombination current was extracted from measurements with BJTs of different emitter widths. The surface recombination current of BJTs with a thermally grown oxide was about 25 % lower than unpassivated BJTs and 65 % lower than that of PECVD passivated BJTs.

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Salamaga, Agnieszka. „Oligonema flavidum (Myxomycetes): a species new to Poland“. Polish Botanical Journal 58, Nr. 2 (01.12.2013): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0074.

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