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Liu, S., J. K. Pinski und S. A. Ingles. „Prostate cancer outcomes and polymorphism in LHRH and LH receptors and SHBG.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, Nr. 7_suppl (01.03.2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.5.
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5 Background: The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is integral to androgen synthesis and the management of prostate cancer (PC). Genetic variation in the receptors of this pathway may impact the efficiency of signal transduction and overall clinical course. We examined polymorphisms in four receptors central to this pathway: luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptor (LHRHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), androgen receptor (AR) and steroid hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We examined the association between these genotypes and survival. Methods: Patients diagnosed with PC between 1999 and 2004 in Los Angeles County were identified using the Los Angeles County Cancer Registry as part of the California Collaborative Prostate Cancer study, a multiethnic, population based case-control study. Included in this analysis were 1232 men with PC: 631 with advanced stage PC at diagnosis and 430 with high-grade PC. The ethnic breakdown was 376 African-American, 355 Hispanic and 501 Caucasian. DNA was extracted from blood and genotypes for LHR, LHRHR, AR and SHBG were assayed using TaqMan or GeneScan methods. Vital status and cause of death was obtained by linking to the Cancer Registry records. Hazard ratios were estimated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models. Results: As of September 2010, 396 (32%) had died and 122 (10%) had died of PC. In the multivariate model, there was a significant association between disease specific survival and genetic variation in LHRHR, LHR and SHBG. Hazard ratios (HR) for carriers (vs. non-carriers) of the LHR312 minor allele were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.08-2.45) among all cases and 2.04 (1.23-3.39) for high- grade cases. The LHRHR16 minor allele was rare among African Americans; the HR among Caucasians was 1.90 (1.15-3.13) and did not vary by disease grade. The SHGB356 minor allele was associated with survival only among high-grade cases with a HR of 2.38 (1.18-4.81). In addition, when comparing cases to controls, the LHR312 minor allele was inversely associated with PC incidence. Conclusions: Genetic variation in the LHRHR, LHR and SHGB genes are associated with PC survival and warrant further analysis to define their role as prognostic and predictive markers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Paavola, Timo, Ulrich Bergmann, Sanna Kuusisto, Sakari Kakko, Markku J. Savolainen und Tuire Salonurmi. „Distinct Fatty Acid Compositions of HDL Phospholipids Are Characteristic of Metabolic Syndrome and Premature Coronary Heart Disease—Family Study“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 9 (06.05.2021): 4908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094908.
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HDL particles can be structurally modified in atherosclerotic disorders associated with low HDL cholesterol level (HDL-C). We studied whether the lipidome of the main phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) species of HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions is associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in families where common low HDL-C predisposes to premature CHD. The lipidome was analyzed by LC-MS. Lysophosphatidylcholines were depleted of linoleic acid relative to more saturated and shorter-chained acids containing species in MetS compared with non-affected subjects: the ratio of palmitic to linoleic acid was elevated by more than 30%. A minor PC (16:0/16:1) was elevated (28–40%) in MetS. The contents of oleic acid containing PCs were elevated relative to linoleic acid containing PCs in MetS; the ratio of PC (16:0/18:1) to PC (16:0/18:2) was elevated by 11–16%. Certain PC and SM ratios, e.g., PC (18:0/20:3) to PC (16:0/18:2) and a minor SM 36:2 to an abundant SM 34:1, were higher (11–36%) in MetS and CHD. The fatty acid composition of certain LPCs and PCs displayed a characteristic pattern in MetS, enriched with palmitic, palmitoleic or oleic acids relative to linoleic acid. Certain PC and SM ratios related consistently to CHD and MetS.
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Tong, Ming-for, und Arnis Kuksis. „Effect of different neutral phospholipids on apolipoprotein binding by artificial lipid particles in vivo“. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 64, Nr. 8 (01.08.1986): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o86-111.
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Soybean triacylglycerol particles, stabilized with egg yolk sphingomyelin (SPH), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), or PC–PE mixtures, with diameters ranging from 170 to 550 nm were prepared by sonication and isolated by ultracentrifugation. Binding of apoproteins to the lipid particles was studied in vivo using the strategy of Connelly and Kuksis. The recoveries of the injected particles, which had decreased in size and undergone minimal changes in lipid composition, ranged from 70% and 57% for SPH- and PC-stabilized particles to 14% for particles stabilized with egg yolk PC–PE mixtures. The apoprotein (apo) composition of the recovered particles showed qualitative and quantitative differences, which were affected by the number of washes during isolation. After four washes, the SPH and PC particles contained apoE, apoC-II, and apoC-III as major components and apoA-IV as minor components. In addition, all particles, except those stabilized with egg yolk PC, contained large amounts of albumin. In contrast to egg yolk PC, the dipalmitoyl PC particles bound albumin as a major component. The recovered PC-PE and PE particles were characterized by a relative decrease of apoC and greatly increased binding of albumin. The higher rate of clearance of the PE-containing particles was attributed to a relative absence of apoC-III, which is known to delay hepatic uptake of lipid particles containing it, and to a more rapid hydrolysis of PE by lipoprotein lipases. Since PE occurs as a minor and variable component of chylomicrons and plasma lipoproteins, the present observations are of physiological interest.
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Marlar, Richard. „The Protein C System – How Complex Is it?“ Thrombosis and Haemostasis 85, Nr. 05 (2001): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615712.
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SummarySince the initial discovery of activated protein C (APC) and protein C (PC), subsequent findings have demonstrated that the protein C anti-thrombotic mechanism (anticoagulant and profibrinolytic) is very complex and convoluted, involving a multitude of other proteins and interactions with cell surfaces (1, 2). The PC system may be as complex as the coagulation scheme and other defense mechanisms. In recent years, investigations into ancillary functions of the PC system have identified interactions with some of these defense mechanisms in particular the inflammatory response (1, 3). Investigation of this highly complex system is no simple task.The number of proteins directly or indirectly involved in the PC system is growing, with several playing dual roles in the presence or absence of cells (1-5). Because of its complexity, the PC system can be broken down into functional subsets: cell-surface activation of protein C, the anticoagulant mechanism, the long-recognized but poorly-understood fibrinolytic response, and the shutdown mechanisms of the PC system. In the analysis of in vitro mechanisms of the PC pathway, care must be taken in the final interpretation of and application to the in vivo activities. We must weigh the importance of the apparent “minor” interactions with the perceived “major” roles these proteins play (5, 6). Any cursory review of these functions delineates the complexity of the system as a whole. The complex nature of the PC system reinforces how important good research is to the realization of our understanding of this functioning system. Because of the complexity of the system, the following questions must be meticulously addressed: What is the importance of each of the interactions? And what is the physiological role of these seemingly “minor” interactions of components in the regulation of the PC system?
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Widowati, I. Gusti Ayu Rai, und Mohammad Zamroni. „Indonesia Facing Challenges of Pharmaceutical Care Implementation in Community Pharmacies: A Legal Perspective“. Jurnal Hukum Prasada 10, Nr. 2 (02.10.2023): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jhp.10.2.2023.69-79.
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Pharmaceutical Care (PC) is a kind of interactive comprehensive service offered by the pharmacist to the patient, in which the pharmacist's physical presence is expected when providing pharmaceutical services to the patients at the pharmacy. However, pharmacists still prioritized internal management over interacting directly with patients. The objective of this research is to glance at the legal challenges of PC implementation in Indonesian community pharmacies. The normative juridical research method has been used, with a conceptual and legal approach. PC implementation in community pharmacies experiences major-level, mid-level, and minor-level challenges. PC standards in pharmacies are legally stated in Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 73 of 2016, but there are still conflicts between pharmaceutical management and PC implementation. In the incident of a medication error, the pharmacist as the person responsible for PC in the pharmacy, is legally responsible. Pharmacists who do not meet PC standards in community pharmacies encounter administrative, civil, and criminal consequences.
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Vakil, Meenal, und John F. Kearney. „Functional Relationship Between T15 and J558 Idiotypes in BALB/c Mice“. Developmental Immunology 1, Nr. 3 (1991): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/91729.
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In inbred strains of mice, antiphosphorylcholine (PC) and anti-α1,3 dextran (DEX). antibodies are structurally distinct from each other and have been shown to exhibit noncrossreactive antigen binding and idiotypic specificities. However, the prototype anti-PC and anti-DEX antibodies, TEPC15 and J558, respectively, were shown to be connected via a common autoantiidiotypic monoclonal antibody isolated from newborn BALB/c mice. The capacity of various monoclonal anti-PC and anti-DEX antibodies as well as the antigens PC and DEX to modulate T15 and J558 idiotypes in BALB/c mice was tested by their administration to newborn mice. Anti-PC antibodies of the .T15 idiotype injected into 2-4-day-old mice, at a time when T15 anti-PC precursors develop in BALB/c mice, suppressed the anti- PC response of these mice at 6 weeks of age. Similarly, J558 antibodies injected into 8-12-day-old mice, at a time when J558 precursors normally develop, suppressed the response to DEX. As a further demonstration of this connectivity, the injection of J558 into 4-day-old mice led to a down modulation of T15 idiotype, whereas both T15 and a minor idiotypeexpressing antibody M167 when injected into 8-12-day-old mice caused a reduction in expression of the J558 idiotype. As predicted from in vitro analysis, injection of anti-PC antibodies of the M167 idiotype 2 to 4 days after birth enhanced the subsequent response to PC. However, anti-PC antibodies expressing another minor M603 idiotype did not affect the PC. response. The results parallel thein vitroenhancement of M167 antibodies but not M603 on T15 binding to antiidiotypein vitro. Similarly, anti-DEX antibodies expressing the M104E idiotype had no detectable effects on the capacity to respond to PC or DEX or on the expression of T15 and J558 idiotypes as adults. Exposure of newborn mice to PC led to a dramatic reduction in the response to DEX as adults, whereas exposure to DEX at this stage of development had no effect on response to PC as adults. Collectively, these observations provide evidence for a complex functional connectivity between T15 and J558 idiotype-bearing B cells during ontogeny and extend our previous observations that development of these idiotypes is regulated by idiotype-directed interactions between B cells or their immunoglobulin products.
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Tsaulwayo, Nokwanda, Reinner O. Omondi, Paranthaman Vijayan, Nicole R. S. Sibuyi, Miché D. Meyer, Mervin Meyer und Stephen O. Ojwach. „Heterocyclic (pyrazine)carboxamide Ru(ii) complexes: structural, experimental and theoretical studies of interactions with biomolecules and cytotoxicity“. RSC Advances 14, Nr. 12 (2024): 8322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00525b.
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The heterocyclic (pyrazine)carboxamide Ru(ii) complexes interact with CT-DNA through minor groove binding and partial intercalation modes and exhibit significant cytotoxicity and selectivity against A549, PC-3, and Caco-2 cell lines.
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Litvin, A. A., S. V. Korenev, E. N. Kolokoltseva, V. S. Denisyuk und S. B. Rumovskaya. „Biological diagnostic markers and pancreatic cancer risk factors in patients with chronic pancreatitis (literature review)“. Herald of Pancreatic Club 46, Nr. 1 (26.03.2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33149/vkp.2020.01.01.
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Pancreatic cancer (PC) prevalence has steadily increased in recent years. It is untimely diagnosed due to prolonged asymptomatic course, minor changes in routine laboratory indices, lack of informative value of standard visualizing techniques. In this regard, attention is paid to determination of PC risk factors and establishment of biomarkers (diagnostic, prognostic, predictive) for pancreatic neoplastic transformation on the background of chronic pancreatitis.
Non-inherited PC risk factors include old age, smoking, chronic pancreatitis, Helicobacter pylori/hepatitis B virus infection, obesity, diabetes mellitus. PC family history, family adenomatous polyposis, carriage of mutant genes (PRSS1, SPINK1, BRCA2) dominate among hereditary risk factors. Biomarkers can be used not only for early non-invasive diagnosis of PC, but also for differential diagnosis between chronic pancreatitis and PC. Sensitivity and specificity of various PC serum markers, such as CA19-9, PAM4, MIC-1, are analyzed in the article. It is possible to distinguish PC from autoimmune pancreatitis by determining the serum concentration of IgG4. In addition to blood serum, fecal masses (K-RAS, BMP3) and saliva (KRAS, MBD3L2, ACRV1 and DPM1) can be used to determine the potential markers of PC. New data of determination the fecal miRNAs as PC cancer biomarkers are presented, namely miR-21, miR-155 and miR-216. Majority of PC biomarkers have not been introduced into a routine clinical practice yet, and research on their informative value is ongoing.
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Wang, Zhengdong, Adam Foye, Yusuo Chang, Patricia R. Chess, Terry W. Wright, Samir Bhagwat, Francis Gigliotti und Robert H. Notter. „Inhibition of surfactant activity byPneumocystis cariniiorganisms and components in vitro“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 288, Nr. 6 (Juni 2005): L1124—L1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00453.2004.
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This study examines the direct inhibitory effects of Pneumocystis carinii ( Pc) organisms and chemical components on the surface activity and composition of whole calf lung surfactant (WLS) and calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) in vitro. Incubation of WLS suspensions with intact Pc organisms (107per milligram of surfactant phospholipid) did not significantly alter total phospholipid levels or surfactant protein A content. Incubation with intact Pc organisms also did not impair dynamic surface tension lowering in suspensions of WLS or centrifuged large surfactant aggregates on a bubble surfactometer (37°C, 20 cycles/min, 0.5 and 2.5 mg phospholipid/ml). However, exposure of WLS or CLSE to disrupted (sonicated) Pc organisms led to severe detriments in activity, with minimum surface tensions of 17–19 mN/m vs. <1 mN/m for surfactants alone. Extracted hydrophobic chemical components from Pc (98.8% lipids, 0.1 mM) reduced the surface activity of WLS and CLSE similarly to sonicated Pc organisms, whereas extracted hydrophilic chemical components from Pc (primarily proteins) had only minor effects on surface tension lowering. These results indicate that in addition to surfactant dysfunction induced by inflammatory lung injury and edema-derived inhibitors in Pc pneumonia, disrupted Pc organisms in the alveolar lumen also have the potential to directly inhibit endogenous and exogenous lung surfactants in affected patients.
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Rieger, M., G. Endler, M. Funk, W. Lalouschek, W. Lang, R. Sunder-Plassmann und C. Mannhalter. „Evaluation of the PC-1 K121Q and G2906C variants as independent risk factors for ischaemic stroke“. Hämostaseologie 31, Nr. 03 (2011): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5482/ha-1142.
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SummaryOverexpression of plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) inhibits insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and thus favours insulin resistance and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Recent findings indicate that the minor variant K121Q in the PC-1 gene confers an increased risk for early myocardial infarction independent of other established risk factors. We hypothesized that genetic variants in PC-1 may also influence the risk for cerebrovascular disease.Therefore, we assessed the association of the PC-1 K121Q variant in the coding region and a polymorphism (G2906C) in the 3’ untranslated region of the PC-1 gene with the risk of stroke.We analyzed 1014 patients with a history of ischaemic stroke from the Vienna stroke registry and 1001 control individuals without vascular disease.Genotype frequencies of both genetic variants were similar in patients and controls in the total study population. By multivariate analysis, no interactions were observed between the PC-1 genotype and established vascular risk factors. However, the PC-1 2906C allele was significantly more frequent in patients who suffered from stroke before the age of 40 years. In these patients the risk for ischaemic stroke was increased fourfold.
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Joordens, Matthew. „Teaching with a Tablet PC“. International Journal of Quality Assurance in Engineering and Technology Education 5, Nr. 3 (Juli 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijqaete.2016070101.
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The modern Tablet PC, such as the Surface Pro® is a flexible teaching tool. It can be used to increase the lecturer's productivity in note taking and in assignment marking. It can be used in the lecture room with increased interaction. With a few minor accessories it can be used to record many aspects of a lecture or presentation. It can also be used to record short topic segments that can be used as references or summaries by students. Containing the abilities of both a tablet device with multi touch, a pen interface for accurate drawing and handwriting and with the power of a full PC, it is a complete teaching studio.
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Domenghini, Jacob C., Dale J. Bremer, Jack D. Fry und Gregory L. Davis. „Prolonged Drought and Recovery Responses of Kentucky Bluegrass and Ornamental Groundcovers“. HortScience 48, Nr. 9 (September 2013): 1209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.9.1209.
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Municipalities often restrict irrigation of urban landscapes, causing plants to experience drought stress. Few data are available regarding drought resistance of non-turfgrass landscape species. This study evaluated the performance of one turfgrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Apollo’) and eight herbaceous landscape species (Achillea millifolium L., Ajuga reptans L. ‘Bronze Beauty’, Liriope muscari Decne., Pachysandra terminalis Siebold and Zucc., Sedum album L., Thymus serpyllum L., Vinca major L., and Vinca minor L.) during a severe drydown and subsequent recovery. This greenhouse study was conducted in the spring/summer and again in the fall of 2010. S. album performed the best, averaging 254 days to decline to a drought rating of 1 (1 to 9 scale, 1 = dead/dormant and 9 = best quality). L. muscari and P. terminalis also performed well, averaging 86 days to a drought rating of 1. V. minor and V. major declined faster than the previous species, averaging 63 days. A. millifolium, A. reptans, P. pratensis, and T. serpyllum declined the fastest to a drought rating of 1 (mean 52 days). Thereafter, the only species to recover after 60 days of resuming irrigation were P. pratensis [46% pot cover (PC)], S. album (38% PC), and V. major (35% PC) in the spring/summer study; no species recovered during the fall study. Results indicate S. album, L. muscari, and P. terminalis are the most drought-resistant among the species evaluated in landscapes where severe drought may occur. V. minor and V. major are good selections in less severe droughts as is P. pratensis if periods of dormancy are acceptable.
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Esmizadeh, Elnaz, Ghasem Naderi, Sahar Arezoomand und Saeedeh Mazinani. „Fabrication and characterization properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate/clay nanocomposites prepared with twin-screw extruder“. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, Nr. 1 (26.01.2018): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0406.
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AbstractPolypropylene/polycarbonate (PP/PC) nanocomposites containing various proportions of the organically modified montmorillonite were prepared by extrusion and injection molding process. The morphology of PP/PC nanocomposites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nanocomposites with 3 or 5 wt% of nanoclay (NC) show a uniform dispersion of the NC as pointed out by two different methods, TEM and XRD. It was shown that the morphology of dispersed phase (PC) is highly dependent on the content of minor phase, which was correlated with the balance of drop breakup and coalescence. The mechanical properties have been investigated by tensile test and Izod impact test. The virgin PP/PC samples showed a reduction in impact strength and elongation at break and up to 50% increase in Young’s modulus by increase in PP content comparing with the pure PP. Investigating the effect of NC and PC content on the mechanical behavior of PP/PC nanocomposites showed increased Young’s modulus and decreased impact strength with increasing PC and NC loading. An obvious ductile to brittle behavior transition at a high content of PC or NC was supported by notched Izod impact strength experiments and SEM results.
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Bovill, Edwin, Irene D. Bezemer, Sandra J. Hasstedt, Peter W. Callas, Robert P. Hebbel und Frits Rosendaal. „IGSF4: A Novel Candidate Gene for Venous Thrombosis“. Blood 112, Nr. 11 (16.11.2008): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.405.405.
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Abstract Through a combination of genotyping and resequencing we have identified 3 SNPs (rs17564430, rs3802858 and rs6589488) in a venous thrombosis (VT) susceptibility gene encoding Immunoglobulin Superfamily 4 (IGSF4), that interacts with protein C (PC) deficiency (3363InsC) in a large thrombophilic kindred (n=516). The IGSF4 gene is located on chromosome 11q23. To verify the association with VT and to estimate the joint effect with PC deficiency, we genotyped the 3 SNPs in the 450 available kindred members, of whom 40 (32 PC deficient) had experienced VT. For each SNP we estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI95) for VT, adjusting for age and sex. Because earlier linkage analyses and SNP genotyping had suggested a dominant effect of the gene, we calculated the OR for carriers compared to non-carriers. Two of 3 SNPs in IGSF4 remained associated with VT. Carriers of the rs6589488 minor allele had a more than 10-fold increased risk of VT (OR 10.2, CI95 7.8–13.4), compared to those homozygous for the major allele. The effect was more pronounced in PC deficient family members (OR 17.0, CI95 13.5–21.4). PC deficient carriers of the rs3802858 minor allele had about 5-fold increased risk of VT (OR 4.7 CI95 2.2–10.0). We designed a replication study of these findings in the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS) comprised of 471 VT patients and 471 control subjects. The 2 original and 11 additional SNPs were selected based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the locus surrounding the 2 SNPs associated with VT in the family. None of the SNPs was associated with VT across the whole LETS population. However, we observed a potential synergistic effect between some of these SNPs and the factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, suggesting interaction with the PC system. For example, rs658948 major allele homozygotes who carry FVL have an 11–fold increased risk of VT (OR 11.2, CI95 5.1–24.3) compared to minor allele carriers who do not carry FVL. This is a 3-fold increase (CI95 0.9–9.9) over the VT risk associated with FVL alone. In LETS we took rs6589488 minor allele carriers as reference since the major allele was the higher risk allele. This is opposite of what we observed in the family. Apart from refuting associations, reverse associations in different populations might be true but caused by variation in LD patterns between the rs6589488 and other or true causal variants (Lin et al, Am. J. Hum. Genet.80:531–8, 2007). Potential interactions between IGSF4 and the PC system in VT seem likely based on their functions. Activated protein C (APC) has important anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. The APC cytoprotective effect is characterized by reduction in endothelial permeability through stabilization of the endothelial cytoskeleton. This effect is mediated by protease activated receptor-1 and the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor, S1P1, activation by APC bound to the endothelial cell PC receptor (APC-EPCR). The endothelial barrier protective effect likely improves endothelial thromboresistance. For example, exposure of endothelial cells to thrombin leads to transcellular actin stress fiber formation and cellular contraction with the formation of paracellular gaps. These gaps potentially expose plasma to subcellular tissue factor. This effect can be reversed by APC-EPCR which attenuates stress fiber formation and augments the cortical actin ring. (Finigan et al. J Biol Chem.280:17286–93, 2005; Bae et al. Thromb Haemost.100:101–9, 2008). IGSF4 is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule with a well described role in basolateral cell-cell adhesion of pulmonary epithelial cells. We have demonstrated that IGSF4 is expressed in endothelial cells and has somewhat diminished expression in endothelial cells cultured from PC deficient kindred members compared to controls. It is likely that IGSF4 supports basolateral endothelial cell-cell adhesion. We hypothesize that a variant form or decreased expression of IGSF4, interacting with PC deficiency, impairs APC mediated endothelial barrier protection in response to thrombogenic stimuli and thus increases the risk of VT in this thrombophilic kindred.
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Vezelis, Alvydas, Julija Simiene, Daiva Dabkeviciene, Marius Kincius, Albertas Ulys, Kestutis Suziedelis, Sonata Jarmalaite und Feliksas Jankevicius. „LMTK2 as Potential Biomarker for Stratification between Clinically Insignificant and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer“. Journal of Oncology 2021 (05.01.2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8820366.
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A set of prostate tumors tend to grow slowly and do not require active treatment. Therefore, stratification between patients with clinically significant and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PC) remains a vital issue to avoid overtreatment. Fast development of genetic technologies accelerated development of next-generation molecular tools for reliable PC diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of molecular biomarkers (CRISP3, LMTK2, and MSMB) for separation of PC cases from benign prostatic changes and more specifically for identification of clinically significant PC from all pool of PC cases in patients with rising PSA levels. Patients (n = 200) who had rising PSA (PSA II) after negative transrectal systematic prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA (PSA I) were eligible to the study. In addition to PSA concentration, PSA density was calculated for each patient. Gene expression level was measured in peripheral blood samples of cases applying RT-PCR, while MSMB (−57 C/T) polymorphism was identified by pyrosequencing. LMTK2 and MSMB significantly differentiated control group from both BPD and PC groups. MSMB expression tended to increase from the major alleles of the CC genotype to the minor alleles of the TT genotype. PSA density was the only clinical characteristic that significantly differentiated clinically significant PC from clinically insignificant PC. Therefore, LMTK2 expression and PSA density were significantly distinguished between clinically significant PC and clinically insignificant PC. PSA density rather than PSA can differentiate PC from the benign prostate disease and, in combination with LMTK2, assist in stratification between clinically insignificant and clinically significant PC.
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Han, Xue Yan, Kang Liu und He Rong Jin. „Design of High Precision Online Sizing Cutter for PC Steel Bars“. Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 520–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.520.
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Along with the development of high-rise buildings and high-speed railways, the straightness and sizing accuracy of PC steel bars is highly demanded. The addition of precision straightening process between traction and shear in the production line of PC steel bars can improve the application performance of products effectively. Moreover, the traditional shear mode is changed to realize high precision sizing and cutting purpose in high-speed production (90m/min). A straightening scheme with large deformation and equal curvature was proposed in this article, which can realize circumferential standstill locking of bars in the perpendicular straightening planes and guarantee straightening precision. Based on mechanical-electro-hydraulic integration technology, optical-mechanical-electrical sizing and conjugate cam cutting method were presented. 9/13 numerical control sizing cutter for PC steel bars is developed in the production line of PC steel bars, which has high automation, better straightening effect, and minor sizing error.
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Kahn, M. C., G. J. Anderson, W. R. Anyan und S. B. Hall. „Phosphatidylcholine molecular species of calf lung surfactant“. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 269, Nr. 5 (01.11.1995): L567—L573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1995.269.5.l567.
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This paper reports the detailed composition of molecular species of the phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in pulmonary surfactant from calves. PC isolated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was converted to benzoylated diradyl glyceride derivatives, which were separated by TLC according to linkage group. Quantification of linkage groups by analysis of total fatty acid content demonstrated that surfactant PC contained 97.2% diacyl, 2.4% alkyl-acyl, and 0.4% alkenyl-acyl compounds. The diacyl and alkyl-acyl diglyceride derivatives were separated into individual molecular species by high-performance liquid chromatography. Four major species constituted 87% of the diacyl compounds. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was the most abundant constituent, contributing 41% of the total PC. A second disaturated species, palmitoyl-myristoyl phosphatidylcholine (PMPC), also contributed an additional 12% of total PC. At least 65% of PMPC occurred as the 1-palmitoyl-2-myristoyl/isomer, which has a lower melting point than the 1-myristoyl-2-palmitoyl compound. These results show that most of pulmonary surfactant PC is a relatively simple mixture, that numerous minor compounds are present in small but possibly important amounts, and that in surfactant from calves, the widely reported estimate that DPPC constitutes 60% of surfactant PC is too large by 50%.
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Simioni, P., M. Kalafatis, DS Millar, SC Henderson, S. Luni, DN Cooper und A. Girolami. „Compound heterozygous protein C deficiency resulting in the presence of only the beta-form of protein C in plasma“. Blood 88, Nr. 6 (15.09.1996): 2101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.6.2101.bloodjournal8862101.
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About 30% of human plasma protein C (PC) is of lower molecular weight than the predominant alpha-form. The minor beta-form arises as a consequence of the lack of glycosylation at Asn329. Although the functional role of Asn329 has been investigated by in vitro mutagenesis, until now no naturally occurring mutations have been reported at this site. We describe here the case of two identical twin sisters compound heterozygous for two novel PC mutations: Cys78-->Stop inherited from the maternal side and Asn329-->Thr inherited from the paternal side, associated with the presence of only the beta-form of PC in plasma. The Cys78-->Stop substitution is predicted to abolish PC synthesis from one allele, whereas the Asn329-->Thr substitution results in the reduced synthesis of a beta PC variant with decreased functional activity. PCN329T from the two monovular twin sisters was purified and its active form APCN329T was assessed for its ability to inactivate factor Va. Whereas no differences were observed between the activation rates of normal PC and PCN329T, APCN329T inactivated human factor Va with a rate slower than the normal APC. This is the first report of a PC defect involving glycosylation of the molecule. This defect results in the presence of only the beta-form of PC in human plasma and is responsible for the reduced anticoagulant activity observed.
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Keith, M. O., und J. M. Bell. „Composition and digestibility of canola press cake as a feedstuff for use in swine diets“. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, Nr. 3 (01.09.1991): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-103.
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Samples of canola press cake (PC) were collected from seven crushing plants in Western Canada over four successive weekly sampling periods to assess its nutrient and glucosinolate composition and variability. The digestibility of energy and crude protein (CP) (N × 6.25) of PC in growing pigs was also determined. Compared to canola meal (CM), PC contained more ether extract (EE) (21.21 vs. 3.92%), more gross energy (GE) (23.92 vs. 20.36 MJ kg−1) and less CP (34.10 vs. 41.85%), dry matter (DM) basis (P < 0.05). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among crushing plants in the contents of EE, GE and CP in PC with the largest differences observed in EE; sampling period effects were small for all three components. Plant and period effects on amino acid concentrations in PC were similar to those effects on CP. Glucosinolate concentrations (oil-extracted DM basis) showed only slight reductions in PC from those in canola seed (CS). Both CS and PC concentrations were greater than in CM (P < 0.05) but myrosinase activity in PC was reduced to 0.65% of that in CS compared to 0.15% remaining in CM. Differences were found in total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations among crushing plants (P < 0.05) (mean 23.75 μmol g−1) with only minor period effects. The digestibility of GE in PC was 75 % and of CP 75%. On DM basis PC contained 17.94 M J of digestible energy kg−1 and 25.6% digestible CP. Key words: Canola, press cake, composition, variability, digestibility, pigs
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Borne, Peter A. Kr von dem, Laurent O. Mosnier, Guido Tans, Joost C. M. Meijers und Bonno N. Bouma. „Factor XI Activation by Meizothrombin: Stimulation by Phospholipid Vesicles Containing both Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylethanolamine“. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 78, Nr. 02 (1997): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657637.
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SummaryThe activation of factor XI by meizothrombin was investigated using recombinant meizothrombin (R155A meizothrombin) that is resistant to autocatalytic removal of fragment 1. Meizothrombin was capable of activating factor XI at an activation rate similar to that of thrombin. Dextran sulphate and heparin, known cofactors of thrombin-mediated factor XI activation, did not stimulate the activation of factor XI by meizothrombin. However, the activation of factor XI by meizothrombin was markedly enhanced by vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas PC/PS or PC/PE vesicles only had a minor effect on the activation. Thrombin-mediated factor XI activation was not influenced by phospholipids.The effect of PC/PS/PE and PC/PS vesicles was studied in a factor XI dependent clot lysis assay. In this assay, factor XI inhibits clot lysis by a feedback loop in the intrinsic pathway via thrombin-mediated factor XI activation. Removal of endogenous phospholipids in plasma by centrifugation resulted in an increased clot lysis, which could be restored to the pre-centrifugation level by the addition of PC/PS/PE vesicles, but not by PC/PS vesicles. When clot lysis was initiated by factor IXa in the presence of a factor XIa blocking antibody, there was no difference in inhibitory effect of PC/PS/PE or PC/PS vesicles. These data suggested that the differences in clot lysis inhibition observed between PC/PS/PE and PC/PS vesicles were caused by factor XI activation by meizothrombin. Meizothrombin-mediated factor XI activation may therefore play an important role in the antifibrinolytic feedback loop in the intrinsic pathway.
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Gautam, Arjun Kumar, und Binil Aryal. „A Study of Dust Structure around AGB Star in 60 and 100 μm IRAS Survey at Latitude 54.68º“. Journal of Nepal Physical Society 4, Nr. 1 (22.05.2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v4i1.17339.
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<p class="Default">We have studied about the evolution of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars, mass losses from them and a systematic search of AGB stars in J2000 coordinate system provided by K. W. Shu & Y. J. Kwon (2011) of dust structure in the far infrared range (100 μm and 60 μm). For dust structure IRAS survey was performed using Sky View virtual Observatory. The FITS images downloaded from sky view was processed using software Aladin v 2.5. A cavity like structure (major diameter∼1.93 pc & minor diameter∼ 0.89 pc) lies in the coordinate of R. A. (J2000) 04h 15m 03s and DEC (J2000) 54d 41m 00s was found at the distance∼ 240 pc. We studied the flux density variation and the temperature variation about major diameter, minor diameter and the distance between minimum temperature and minimum flux within the structure. We observed the variation of the temperature is 20.53 K to 21.09 K, with the offset of about 0.56 K, which show the cavity is independently evolved. The mass profile of each pixel of the structure was also calculated using this temperature.</p><p><strong>Journal of Nepal Physical Society</strong><em><br /></em>Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2017, Page: 67-77</p>
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Cammidge, Andrew N., Fabien Nekelson, David L. Hughes, Zhixin Zhao und Michael J. Cook. „Stepwise syntheses of complex μ-oxo-linked heterochromophore arrays containing phthalocyanine, porphyrin and subphthalocyanine ligands“. Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2010): 1001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002926.
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The article reviews the exploitation of the serendipitous discovery that dihydroxysilicon 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakis(hexyl)phthalocyanine 1 reacts at one face only to form a μ-oxo linked bond to dichlorosilicon phthalocyanine. Reaction of 1 with dihydroxysilicon octaethylporphyrin led to an unstable μ-oxo linked Pc-O-Pn heteroligand dyad that could not be isolated. However, reaction with dihydroxygermanium octaethylporphyrin gave a stable dyad that showed substantial broad band absorption attributable to exciton effects. A small amount of the μ-oxo linked homo dyad formed by self-condensation of dihydroxygermanium octaethylporphyrin was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry but was not isolated. Reaction of 1 with chloroboron subphthalocyanine afforded the stable Pc-O-SubPc heterodyad as the main product and the SubPc-O-Pc-O-SubPc triad as a minor side product. Both gave absorption spectra that showed the main features of the ligands present, implying limited exciton coupling. A further reaction of 1 with axial-hydroxy, axial-methyl silicon phthalocyanine provided a key Pc-O-Pc′ dyad that proved to be an ideal intermediate for developing a synthetic strategy to access a series of hetero-metalloid/hetero-ligand Pc-O-Pc′-O-Pn triads. X-ray structural data for examples of these arrays are discussed. A feature of the triad compounds is their very broad band absorption spectra that extends from the UV through the visible region to near IR wavelengths.
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Gupta, Sajal, Vimal Bhandari und I. B. Dubey. „A randomised study to evaluate wound outcome following delayed primary vs primary closure of skin in duodenal perforation peritonitis“. International Surgery Journal 8, Nr. 7 (28.06.2021): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20212716.
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate wound outcome following delayed primary versus primary closure of skin in duodenal perforation peritonitis.Methods: The present study was a randomised interventional study that included 90 patients on accrual of duodenal perforation peritonitis which were divided into primary closure (PC) and delayed primary closure (DPC) groups comprising 45 patients each. The outcome measures were complications, surgical site infections, hospital stay and final wound status during the follow up of 30 days. Data collected was compared taking P-value <0.05 as significant.Results: The patients were in the age group of 12–60 years, with men in majority in both groups. Mean SSI score in PC and DPC was comparable (2.67 SD 1.58 vs. 2 SD1.61, P=0.058). SSI was more in PC group than DPC group (11.11% vs. 2.22%, P<0.05). Wound/pus culture was positive in 62.22% in PC and 46.67% in DPC. Major complications like wound dehiscence was noticed mainly in PC group while minor Complications like Stitch abscess, granuloma, sinus was more in DPC group. Mean of duration of stay (days) was comparable between PC and DPC group (14.07 SD 7.64 vs. 13.96 SD 6.94, P=0.805). Final wound outcome after 30 days was healthy scar in majority of patients in PC and DPC group (57.78% vs. 66.67%) with no significant difference between them (p=0.434).Conclusions: In conclusion, DPC showed comparable results with PC with similar SSI and wound healing without significant complications.
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Fisher, A. B., C. Dodia, A. Chander und M. Jain. „A competitive inhibitor of phospholipase A2 decreases surfactant phosphatidylcholine degradation by the rat lung“. Biochemical Journal 288, Nr. 2 (01.12.1992): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2880407.
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We have shown previously that radiolabelled phosphatidylcholine (PC) in liposomes or natural surfactant is removed from the alveolar space and metabolically recycled in a process that is stimulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP). In this study, we evaluated the effect of a transition-state phospholipid analogue (MJ33; 1-hexadecyl-3-trifluoroethylglycero-sn-2-phosphomethanol) that competitively inhibited acidic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity (pH 4.0) of lung homogenate by more than 97%, but had no effect on PLA2 activity at pH 8.5. MJ33 incorporated into unilamellar liposomes (dipalmitoyl PC/egg PC/cholesterol/phosphatidylglycerol, molar proportions 10:5:3:2) or co-sonicated with biosynthesized natural surfactant was instilled into the trachea of the anaesthetized rat; lungs were then removed for 2 h perfusion in the absence or presence of 0.1 mM-8-bromo cAMP. Total uptake for phospholipid was unchanged in the presence of the inhibitor MJ33. Degradation of labelled PC during 2 h perfusion in the absence of MJ33 was approx. 26% of that instilled for choline-labelled liposomal PC, 16% for liposomal PC labelled in the second fatty-acyl position, and 33% for choline-labelled natural surfactant. Degradation of PC was decreased by approx. 25-40% for each substrate in the presence of MJ33. Inhibition of lipid degradation depended on the mole fraction of MJ33 in the liposomes and was maximal at 1 mol%. These studies demonstrate a significant role for acidic Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 in the degradation of internalized alveolar PC, but further indicate that this enzyme accounts for a minor fraction of total lung PC metabolism.
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Mantovani, Federico, Franco Marco Elter, Enrico Pandeli, Antonino Briguglio und Michele Piazza. „The Portofino Conglomerate (Eastern Liguria, Northern Italy): Provenance, Age and Geodynamic Implications“. Geosciences 13, Nr. 6 (23.05.2023): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060154.
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The Portofino Conglomerate (PC) cropping out in the Eastern Liguria is an approximately 500 m thick, very gently folded succession mainly composed of poorly bedded and mostly matrix-supported conglomerates. It stratigraphically rests on the Helminthoid Flysch (UA3) thrusted onto the Antola Unit. We vertically distinguished three mostly ruditic litho/petrofacies: (i) Paraggi (fP) with carbonate clasts from an Helminthoid Flysch succession; (ii) Monte Pallone (fMP) with prevailing carbonate and meta-carbonate clasts and minor quartz-rich (meta)siliciclastic and high-pressure–low-pressure (HP-LP) metabasite clasts; and (iii) Monte Bocche (fMB) with dominant quartz-rich (meta)siliciclastic, meta-carbonate clasts, and minor granitoid elements and medium-temperature–high-temperature (MT-HT) regional metamorphic rocks. The middle-upper Eocen age of Paraggi litho/petrofacies is constrained by well-preserved microforaminifers (e.g., Globigerinatheka) recovered in the matrix. During its sedimentation, the directions of the paleocurrents would indicate that the PC underwent a counterclockwise rotation coeval with the first Cenozoic rotational phase of the Sardinia–Corsica system (50–30 Ma) and then stopped before the sedimentation of the Monte Pallone and Monte Bocche litho/petrofacies. The vertical compositional variation in the sedimentary inputs suggested that the PC is the result of a progressive deepening of the erosional level of a tectonic pile that can be located in the Ligurian Alps Chain. We considered the PC as the likely apical part of a submarine fan deposited in a piggy-back/thrust-top basin within the Alpine nappe stack. This sedimentary body was later tectonically transported eastward with its UA3 Helminthoid Flysch substrate (similarly to Epiligurian Units of the Northern Apennines) onto the Apenninic orogenic system (i.e., the Antola Unit).
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Benmammar, Rachida Khadidja, Venkateswara Rao Mundlapati, Zohra Bouberka, Ana Barrera, Jean-Noël Staelens, Jean-François Tahon, Michael Ziskind et al. „Electron Beam Processing as a Promising Tool to Decontaminate Polymers Containing Brominated Flame Retardants“. Molecules 28, Nr. 23 (24.11.2023): 7753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237753.
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Electron Beam (EB) irradiation was utilized to decontaminate model systems of industrial polymers that contain a brominated flame retardant (BFR). Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and Polycarbonate (PC) are two types of polymers commonly found in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). In this study, these polymers were exposed to EB irradiation to degrade DecaBromoDiphenylEther (DBDE), one of the most toxic BFRs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated an 87% degradation rate of DBDE for the ABS-DBDE system and 91% for the PC-DBDE system following an 1800 kGy irradiation dose. Thermal analysis using Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed the presence of crosslinking in ABS and a minor reduction in the glass transition temperature of PC after EB processing. Polymers exhibited thermal stability after photolysis, as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis. In summary, EB irradiation had no impact on the overall thermal properties of both polymers. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis has confirmed the debromination of both ABS-DBDE and PC-DBDE systems. Therefore, the results obtained are promising and could offer an alternative approach for removing bromine and other additives from plastic E-waste.
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Swain, Subhashree, P. Shalima, K. V. P. Latha und Krishna B S Swamy. „Hot graphite dust in the inner regime of NGC 4151“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, Nr. 4 (10.02.2021): 5877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab372.
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ABSTRACT We model the near-infrared (NIR) spectral energy distribution (SED) of NGC 4151 with a 3D radiative transfer skirt code, using which torus only (TO) and ring and torus (RAT) scenarios are studied. In the RAT models, a graphite ring-like structure (clumpy or smooth) is incorporated between the torus and the accretion disc. We vary the inclination angle (i), inner radius (of the torus and the ring, Rin,t and Rin,r, respectively), torus half-opening angle (σ), optical depth ($\tau _{9.7, \rm t}$ of the torus and $\tau _{9.7, \rm r}$ of the ring), and the dust clump size (Rclump). We perform a statistical analysis of the parameter space and find that all the models are able to explain the flat NIR SED of NGC 4151 with minor differences in the derived parameters. For the TO model, we get Rin,t = 0.1 pc, σ = 30°, i = 53°, $\tau _{9.7, \rm t} = 10$, and the clumpsize, Rclump = 0.4 pc. For the smooth RAT model, $R_{\rm in, \rm r} = 0.04$ pc and $\tau _{9.7, \rm total}$ = 11 and for the clumpy RAT model, Rin,r = 0.04 pc/0.06 pc and $\tau _{9.7, \rm total} = 20$. The Rin,t from the TO model does not agree with the NIR observations (∼0.04 pc). Hence, the most likely scenario is that a hot graphite ring is located at a distance 0.04 pc from the centre, composed of a smooth/clumpy distribution of dust followed by a dusty torus at 0.1 pc with interstellar medium type of grains.
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Holgado, Francisca, María Victoria Ruiz-Méndez, Joaquín Velasco und Gloria Márquez-Ruiz. „Performance of Olive-Pomace Oils in Discontinuous and Continuous Frying. Comparative Behavior with Sunflower Oils and High-Oleic Sunflower Oils“. Foods 10, Nr. 12 (11.12.2021): 3081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123081.
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Frying performance of olive-pomace oils (OPOs) as compared to sunflower oils (SOs) and high-oleic sunflower oils (HOSOs) was studied in discontinuous frying (DF) and continuous frying (CF) for the first time. DF is used in household, restaurants and frying outlets, while CF is used in the food industry. Oil alteration during frying was determined by measurements of polar compounds (PC) and polymers. Fried potatoes were analyzed for oil absorption and alteration, color, and evaluated in an acceptability test. Results for DF showed that all SOs reached 25% PC at the 9th frying operation (FO), whereas HOSOs did between the 17–18th FO and variable results were found for OPOs since initial levels of diacylglycerols were different. Rates of formation of PC or polymers were the lowest for OPOs, thus showing the best performance in DF. Specifically for PC, relative rates of formation were 1.00–1.11, 2.46–2.71 and 1.37–1.41 for OPOs, SOs and HOSOs respectively. In CF, OPOs and HOSOs behaved similarly and better than SOs, although none reached 25% PC after 40 FO. The good performance of OPOs can be attributed to the high monounsaturated-to-polyunsaturated ratio, in common with HOSOs, and the additional positive effect of minor compounds, especially β-sitosterol and squalene.
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Ribreau, C., S. Naili, M. Bonis und A. Langlet. „Collapse of Thin-Walled Elliptical Tubes for High Values of Major-to-Minor Axis Ratio“. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, Nr. 4A (01.11.1993): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895508.
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The topic of this study concerns principally representative models of some elliptical thin-walled anatomic vessels and polymeric tubes under uniform negative transmural pressure p (internal pressure minus external pressure). The ellipse’s ellipticity ko, defined as the major-to-minor axis ratio, varies from 1 up to 10. As p decreases from zero, at first the cross-section becomes somewhat oval, then the opposite sides touch in one point at the first-contact pressure pc. If p is lowered beneath pc, the curvature of the cross-section at the point of contact decreases until it becomes zero at the osculation pressure or the first line-contact pressure p1. For p<p1, the contact occurs along a straight-line segment, the length of which increases as p decreases. The pressures pc and p1 are determined numerically for various values of the wall thickness of the tubes. The nature of contact is especially described. The solution of the related nonlinear, two-boundary-values problem is compared with previous experimental results which give the luminal cross-sectional area (from two tubes), and the area of the mid-cross-section (from a third tube).
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Bul, M., P. J. van Leeuwen, X. Zhu, F. H. Schröder und M. J. Roobol. „Prostate cancer incidence and disease-specific survival in men participating in the ERSPC with an initial PSA less than 3.0 ng/mL.“ Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, Nr. 7_suppl (01.03.2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.7.
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7 Background: The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) applies a prostate- specific antigen (PSA) cut-off >3.0 ng/mL as an indication for biopsy. We analyzed the incidence and disease-specific mortality for prostate cancer (PC) within ERSPC Rotterdam for men with an initial PSA <3.0 ng/ml in a 15-year follow-up period. Methods: From 1993-1999, a total of 42,376 men identified from population registries in the Rotterdam region (55-74 yrs) were randomized to a screening or control arm. During the first screening round 19,950 men were screened, with biopsies being initially recommended in case of abnormal DRE or PSA >4.0 ng/mL. From 1997 on, solely PSA >3.0 ng/mL was used. The screening interval was 4 yrs. A total of 15,758 men (79%) had an initial PSA <3.0 ng/mL. Follow-up was complete until January 2009. Results: From 1993-2008, 915 PC cases were diagnosed in 15,758 men (5.8%, median age 62.3 yrs) with an initial PSA <3.0 ng/mL (733 screen detected and 182 interval detected). Median follow-up was 11 yrs. PC incidence increased significantly with higher initial PSA levels (Table). Aggressive PC (clinical stage >T2c, Gleason score >8, PSA >20 ng/mL, positive lymph nodes or metastases at diagnosis) was detected in 65/733 screen detected PC (8.9%) and 102/182 interval detected PC (56.0%). PC death occurred in 23 cases (5 screen detected and 18 interval detected) in the total population (0.15%), with increasing risk in men with higher initial PSA values. Conclusions: The risk of (aggressive) PC and PC mortality in a screening population with initial PSA <3.0 ng/mL increases significantly with higher PSA levels. The risk of dying of PC is minor in men with initial PSA <1.0 ng/mL. Interval detected PC is more aggressive and has a substantial influence on PC specific mortality. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Ii, Seiichiro, und Toru Hara. „Mechanical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Solute Elements in Aluminum“. MATEC Web of Conferences 326 (2020): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032609001.
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We characterized the distribution of minor elements such as Si and Fe in Al utilizing a nanoindentation and electron microscopy with an energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) system. Nanoindentation can detect the dislocation nucleation known as “pop-in” event, the critical load (Pc) depends on the solute amount of Fe. However, that in Si-doped Al is rarely changed up to 1.0 at% of Si. That independent Pc in Al-Si is caused by the inhomogeneity of the Si, which is the grain boundary segregation, in Al. The grain boundary segregation of Si was clearly detected by using a newly developed microcalorimeter type EDS system, even at the 0.1 at% Si.
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Supek, Frantisek, David T. Madden, Susan Hamamoto, Lelio Orci und Randy Schekman. „Sec16p potentiates the action of COPII proteins to bud transport vesicles“. Journal of Cell Biology 158, Nr. 6 (16.09.2002): 1029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200207053.
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SEC16 encodes a 240-kD hydrophilic protein that is required for transport vesicle budding from the ER in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sec16p is tightly and peripherally bound to ER membranes, hence it is not one of the cytosolic proteins required to reconstitute transport vesicle budding in a cell-free reaction. However, Sec16p is removed from the membrane by salt washes, and using such membranes we have reconstituted a vesicle budding reaction dependent on the addition of COPII proteins and pure Sec16p. Although COPII vesicle budding is promoted by GTP or a nonhydrolyzable analogue, guanylimide diphosphate (GMP-PNP), Sec16p stimulation is dependent on GTP in the reaction. Details of coat protein assembly and Sec16p-stimulated vesicle budding were explored with synthetic liposomes composed of a mixture of lipids, including acidic phospholipids (major–minor mix), or a simple binary mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Sec16p binds to major–minor mix liposomes and facilitates the recruitment of COPII proteins and vesicle budding in a reaction that is stimulated by Sar1p and GMP-PNP. Thin-section electron microscopy confirms a stimulation of budding profiles produced by incubation of liposomes with COPII and Sec16p. Whereas acidic phospholipids in the major–minor mix are required to recruit pure Sec16p to liposomes, PC/PE liposomes bind Sar1p-GTP, which stimulates the association of Sec16p and Sec23/24p. We propose that Sec16p nucleates a Sar1-GTP–dependent initiation of COPII assembly and serves to stabilize the coat to premature disassembly after Sar1p hydrolyzes GTP.
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Kashiwagi, Takahito, Victor Meyer-Rochow, Kenji Nishimura und Eisuke Eguchi. „Light activation of phospholipase A2 in the photoreceptor of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)“. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 60, Nr. 1 (31.03.2000): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2000-1320.
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Retinal lipids of crayfish, kept at 4°C under continuous darkness for 3 weeks, consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were minor contributors. PI, involved in the phototransduction cascade, never reached greater concentrations than 7% of the total. High concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF A) such as 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (DHA, docosahexaenoic acid) were present in PC, PE and PS, but scarce in SM and PI. In retinae of crayfish kept at 4°C in darkness for 3 weeks and then exposed to white light (6 h; ca. 4500 lx), SM and PS remained seemingly unaffected. PC, however, significantly decreased within 10 min to 65% of the initial value and 50% at 180 min. To study the reduction of PC, lipids of retinae suspended in physiological solution with/without phospholipase C (PLC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors such as DMDA (=DEDA), manoalide, ET-18-0CH3, and U-73122 were measured. Only free fatty acids (FFA) of retinae with inhibitors of PLA2 like DMDA and manoalide decreased. Retinae irradiated by white light for 3 h displayed a significant reduction of PC, compared with those that had remained in continuous darkness. However, the PC of retinae with Pl.A2-inhibitors was not decreased by light. Our results provide evidence that not only photoreceptor cell PLC, but also PLA2 is activated by light.
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Pellat-Deceunynck, Catherine, Nelly Robillard und Regis Bataille. „The Coexpression of CD11a and CD45bright Is the Hallmark of Proliferating Myeloma Cells.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 3347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3347.3347.
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Abstract To identify new potential therapeutical targets in multiple myeloma (MM), we have defined the phenotype of the subset of proliferative myeloma cells (n=66) in comparison with that of normal PC (n=25). Proliferation was evaluated by ex vivo incorporation of BrdU (labeling index, LI). Surface PC phenotype was performed in a four-color assay with CD38, CD45, CD138 and the mAb indicated. For intracellular BrdU staining, cells were first labeled with CD38, CD45 and CD138, fixed and permeabilized before BdrU staining. At least 1000 normal PC and 10000 myeloma cells were analyzed. We show that all bone marrow PC, either malignant or normal, always included a subset of proliferative PC (BrdU+) that was always located within the CD45++subpopulation. Indeed, CD45++ myeloma cells (median 12%) had a labeling index 7.5-fold higher of that of CD45+/− myeloma cells (7.1% versus 0.94%). Actually, in all cases of MM, CD45++ myeloma cells were always the most proliferative myeloma cells. As observed for myeloma cells, LI of normal PC was heterogeneous i.e., higher in the CD45++ population of PC: CD45++ PC (median 65%) had a LI 5.7-fold higher of that of CD45+/− PC. Compared to myeloma cells, LI of PC were higher in both subsets, of 20.5% and 3.6% for CD45++ and CD45+/−, respectively. Non-malignant PC from blood or tonsil were homogeneously CD45++ and did proliferate (LI> 10% and up to 45% for reactive PC). In all PC (normal, reactive, malignant), we found an inverse correlation between CD45 and Bcl-2, confirming a known inverse correlation between proliferation and Bcl-2 expression. Our data suggest that a minor cycling Bcl2lowCD45++ population of myeloma cells differentiate into a no more cycling major Bcl2high CD45+/− population of myelom a cells that accumulates. We further characterized the phenotype of the CD45++ myeloma cells population: we found that CD11a and to a less extend HLA-DR were expressed by CD45++ myeloma cells only in contrast to CD40 and CXCR4 that were expressed by all myeloma cells. Moreover, all CD45++ myeloma cells coexpressed CD11a. Thus, the-to-be-killed population of myeloma cells could be targeted through CD45 or CD11a.
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Kriegbaum, H., B. Benninghoff, B. Häcker-Shahin und W. Dröge. „Correlation of immunogenicity and production of ornithine by peritoneal macrophages.“ Journal of Immunology 139, Nr. 3 (01.08.1987): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.3.899.
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Abstract The release of ornithine by macrophages and its correlation with their immunogenicity after treatment with various macrophage-stimulating substances were analyzed. Pristane-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were found to express strong arginase activity and to release L-ornithine into the extracellular space. This activity is strongly reduced within 3 hr after treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) but not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resident PM usually express little arginase activity, but this activity is markedly augmented within 24 or 48 hr after treatment with LPS. The release of ornithine by peritoneal cells (PC) (60 to 90% macrophages) was found to be correlated with their immunogenicity as determined by the in vivo immunization for a subsequent in vitro secondary cytotoxic response against minor H antigens. The immunogenicity of pristane-elicited PC is markedly stronger than that of resident PC or TPA-treated, pristane-elicited PC. Moreover, the immunogenicity of the resident PC and TPA-treated elicited PC is substantially augmented by the simultaneous injection of ornithine, whereas the immunogenicity of the untreated elicited PC is not further augmented by exogenous ornithine, indicating that the endogenous production of ornithine by the stimulating cells had a strong influence on the resulting immune response. Injection of glutathione into pristane-treated mice also reduces the ornithine production and immunogenicity of the resulting peritoneal exudate cells. The immunogenicity in this case is at least partly reconstituted by application of exogenous ornithine. Our experiments revealed no correlation between the production of ornithine and prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 production of resident and pristane-elicited PC is not markedly different and is in either case strongly augmented by TPA. Elicited or resident PM which have been incubated for several days in culture release practically no ornithine; but ornithine production can be induced again by incubation for 24 hr with LPS and to some extent also with interferon-gamma.
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Feeney, A. J., S. H. Clarke und D. E. Mosier. „Specific H chain junctional diversity may be required for non-T15 antibodies to bind phosphorylcholine.“ Journal of Immunology 141, Nr. 4 (15.08.1988): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.4.1267.
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Abstract The secondary antibody response of mice to phosphorylcholine (PC) shows a markedly different clonal profile than the primary response. In particular, the T15 antibodies that dominate the primary response are a minor part of secondary IgG antibodies, whereas 511 and 603 antibodies become a more prominent part of the PC-specific secondary response. These three anti-PC families differ only in L chain usage. We partially sequenced the IgH chain mRNA of a series of secondary T15 and 511 hybridomas to determine the role of somatic mutation and affinity maturation in these changes in clonal profile. None of the sequenced T15 antibodies showed somatic mutations or affinity increases. In contrast, all of the 511 antibodies had extensive somatic mutation and most had significantly increased affinity for nitrophenyl-PC. The failure of T15-expressing B cells to contribute to the secondary IgG response thus is likely to be explained by their inability to undergo (or tolerate) substantial somatic mutation and affinity maturation. We also noted that all 511 antibodies sequenced by us or others had an extra amino acid encoded at the VH-D junction by either N region addition or diversity of VH-D joining. Published sequences also show a 603 family-specific change at the VH-D junction. The frequency with which these changes, which appear obligate for PC binding, occur may determine the under-representation of these clonotypes in the primary anti-PC response. The affinity maturation in 511 antibodies after somatic mutation appears to account for their expansion in the secondary response.
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Giovarelli, Mirella, Piero Musiani, Gianni Garotta, Reinhard Ebner, Emma Di Carlo, Yunsoo Kim, Paola Cappello et al. „A “Stealth Effect”: Adenocarcinoma Cells Engineered to Express TRAIL Elude Tumor-Specific and Allogeneic T Cell Reactions“. Journal of Immunology 163, Nr. 9 (01.11.1999): 4886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.9.4886.
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Abstract BALB/c mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered to express TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/APO-2 ligand (APO-2L) on their membrane (TSA-TRAIL) grow with kinetics similar to that of parental cells (TSA-pc) in vitro and in nu/nu mice. In contrast, TSA-TRAIL cells grow faster than TSA-pc in normal BALB/c mice. In DBA/2 mice, which differ from BALB/c mice at minor histocompatibility Ags, they also grow faster and display a higher percentage of tumor takes than TSA-pc. In fully histoincompatible C57BL/6 (B6) mice, TSA-TRAIL cells form evident tumors that are slowly rejected by most mice, but outgrow in a few. In contrast, TSA-pc cells are rejected at once by B6 mice. Since TRAIL/APO-2L induces apoptosis by interacting with a variety of specific receptors, this rapid growth in both syngeneic and allogeneic mice may be the result of an immunosuppressive mechanism. The following evidence supports this hypothesis: 1) TSA-TRAIL cells overcome the strong immunity against TSA-pc cells elicited in BALB/c mice by preimmunization with TSA cells engineered to release IL-4; 2) their rejection by B6 mice does not prime a CTL-mediated memory; 3) thymidine uptake by T lymphocytes unstimulated or stimulated by allogeneic cells is inhibited when TSA-TRAIL cells are added as third party cells; 4) CTL kill TSA-pc but not TSA-TRAIL cells in 48-h assays; and 5) activated lymphocytes interacting with TSA-TRAIL cells in vivo and in vitro undergo apoptosis.
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HWANG, E. J., Tadashi INOUE und Kunihiro OSAKI. „Minor Special Issue of Polymeric Materials. Viscoelasticity and Birefringence of PS/PC Blend and Graft Copolymer.“ Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 43, Nr. 495 (1994): 1546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.43.1546.
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Karonen, Maarit, Iqbal Bin Imran, Marica T. Engström und Juha-Pekka Salminen. „Characterization of Natural and Alkaline-Oxidized Proanthocyanidins in Plant Extracts by Ultrahigh-Resolution UHPLC-MS/MS“. Molecules 26, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071873.
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In this study, we analyzed the proanthocyanidin (PA) composition of 55 plant extracts before and after alkaline oxidation by ultrahigh-resolution UHPLC-MS/MS. We characterized the natural PA structures in detail and studied the sophisticated changes in the modified PA structures and the typical patterns and models of reactions within different PA classes due to the oxidation. The natural PAs were A- and B-type PCs, PDs and PC/PD mixtures. In addition, we detected galloylated PAs. B-type PCs in different plant extracts were rather stable and showed no or minor modification due to the alkaline oxidation. For some samples, we detected the intramolecular reactions of PCs producing A-type ether linkages. A-type PCs were also rather stable with no or minor modification, but in some plants, the formation of additional ether linkages was detected. PAs containing PD units were more reactive. After alkaline oxidation, these PAs or their oxidation products were no longer detected by MS even though a different type and/or delayed PA hump was still detected by UV at 280 nm. Galloylated PAs were rather stable under alkaline oxidation if they were PC-based, but we detected the intramolecular conversion from B-type to A-type. Galloylated PDs were more reactive and reacted similarly to nongalloylated PDs.
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Almawi, Wassim, Ramzi Finan, Intissar Al-Zaman und Fekria Mustafa. „Polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene in relation to idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (P6248)“. Journal of Immunology 190, Nr. 1_Supplement (01.05.2013): 115.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.115.20.
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Abstract Transforming growth factor, β1 (TGFB1) plays a significant role in the pregnancy outcome. We investigated the association of TGFB1 exon 1 (rs1800471, rs1800470) and promoter region (rs1800469, rs1800468) polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in 675 Tunisian women: 304 women with a history of three consecutive pregnancy loss of unknown etiology with the same partner, and 371 age-matched multiparous control women. TGFB1 genotyping was done by TaqMan assays. Higher minor allele frequency (MAF) for rs1800471 (i.e. +915G/C or R25P) (P < 0.001), but not for rs1800470, rs1800469, or rs1800468 was found in cases compared to controls. Significant difference in the distribution of rs1800471 genotypes was seen between RPL cases and control women, irrespective of the genetic model used. Increased RPL risk was seen with rs1800471 allele C in both heterozygous and even more so in the homozygous state, thus establishing a dose-dependent effect. Haploview analysis revealed differential linkage disequilibrium between TGFB1 SNPs analyzed. TGFB1 haplotypes analysis identified 8 common haplotypes (rs1800471/rs1800470/rs1800469/rs1800468) with three (GTTG, Pc = 0.014; CCTG, Pc = 0.003, and CTCG, Pc = 0.01) being positively associated with RPL, while one (GCCG, Pc = 0.009) was negatively associated with RPL. This study provides the first evidence that TGFB1 genotype is possibly associated with RPL.
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Yang, X., J. Stedra und J. Cerny. „Repertoire diversity of antibody response to bacterial antigens in aged mice. IV. Study of VH and VL gene utilization in splenic antibody foci by in situ hybridization.“ Journal of Immunology 152, Nr. 5 (01.03.1994): 2214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.152.5.2214.
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Abstract Mouse Abs against a bacterial epitope, the phosphorylcholine (PC) hapten are encoded by the T15 genes VH1(S107) and V kappa 22. It has been shown that PC-specific hybridomas from aged animals often express IgV gene families other than T15. To determine the extent of this age-dependent molecular shift in the anti-PC response, we examined antibody-forming cells (AFC) in individual young (2 to 4 month) and aged (20 to 24 month) mice by an in situ RNA hybridization. Mice were immunized either with PC coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin or with a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R36a vaccine. Frozen splenic sections were prepared, and the clusters of PC-specific AFC (i.e., antibody foci) were identified by immunocytochemical staining. The adjacent splenic sections were hybridized with digoxigenin-labeled VH1(S107) and V kappa 22 DNA probes and with a C mu DNA probe as a control. The splenic sections were examined for 1) the number of Ab foci hybridized with the T15 probes, and 2) the estimated proportion of VH1+ and V kappa 22+ AFC within each focus. The results were comparable regardless of the form of PC Ag administered. Virtually all Ab foci (> 85%) in young mice hybridized with the T15 probes and were occupied by the VH1+/V kappa 22+ AFC. In aged mice, the fraction of PC-binding Ab foci that hybridized with a given T15 probe varied from 35% to > 85%; T15+ AFC always represented a minor population of the focus (< 50%), the remaining PC-specific AFC being C mu + but T15-. Also, there appeared to be a greater loss of the V kappa 22 expression relative to the VH1(S107). Thus it appears that the T15+, PC-reactive B cells in aged mice responded to the Ag but that they could not dominate the response. The possibility of an intrinsic molecular change in the aging B cells in discussed.
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Musich, Elena A., und Evgeniya S. Balabanova. „How do Russian companies’ top managers shape their job expectations?“ Russian Management Journal 20, Nr. 1 (2022): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2022.104.
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The article is devoted to the dynamics of the formation of psychological contracts of a separate and hard-to-reach category of employees — top managers of organizations. The theory of psychological contracts is presented as a dynamic construct that evolves and changes over time. The authors consider the dynamics of the PC as the main tool for forming and changing the expectations of top managers from their employers. Empirical data were obtained by conducting in-depth interviews with managers: the target sample was 30 respondents. One of the most important confirmed results of the study is that the PC of top managers undergoes minor changes over time, forming a “core” idea or career model that is embedded in all subsequent expectations from the employer. The dynamics of the formation and development of psychological contracts, namely, the study of changes in the content of the PC of top managers over time is a new material for further research in the field of motivation, reasons for changing jobs and career tracks of senior managers.
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Brown, M., M. Stenzel-Poore und M. B. Rittenberg. „Immunologic memory to phosphocholine. VII. Lack of T15 V1 gene utilization in Xid anti-PC hybridomas.“ Journal of Immunology 135, Nr. 5 (01.11.1985): 3558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.5.3558.
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Abstract CBA/N mice carrying the Xid defect fail to make antibodies expressing the T15 idiotype in response to immunization with PC-KLH. Antibodies predominating in the Xid response have binding properties characteristic of group II antibodies that emerge in the memory response in BALB/c; the prototype group II antibody utilizes a VH gene product distinct from the V1 gene product expressed by T15 idiotype-positive antibodies. To examine VH gene usage in the anti-PC response of Xid B cells, hybridomas were produced from Xid mice immune to PC-KLH. Four hybridomas possessing properties typical of the predominant group II antibody response in Xid mice and two representing minor components of the response were studied. Analysis of DNA by Southern blot hybridization revealed that none of the hybridomas utilized the T15 V1 gene segment, nor did they share use of a common VDJ gene product. These results indicate that Xid group II antibodies either make use of different VH gene segments or use the same VH in combination with various D and JH segments.
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Storvall, Sara, Eeva Ryhänen, Auli Karhu und Camilla Schalin-Jäntti. „Novel PRUNE2 Germline Mutations in Aggressive and Benign Parathyroid Neoplasms“. Cancers 15, Nr. 5 (23.02.2023): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051405.
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Parathyroid tumors are mostly sporadic but can also occur in familial forms, including different kinds of genetic syndromes with varying phenotypes and penetrance. Recently, somatic mutations of the tumor suppressor gene PRUNE2 were found to be frequent in parathyroid cancer (PC). The germline mutation status of PRUNE2 was investigated in a large cohort of patients with parathyroid tumors from the genetically homogenous Finnish population, 15 of which had PC, 16 atypical parathyroid tumors (APT), and 6 benign parathyroid adenomas (PA). Mutations in previously established hyperparathyroidism-related genes were screened with a targeted gene panel analysis. Nine PRUNE2 germline mutations with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of <0.05 were found in our cohort. Five of these were predicted to be potentially damaging and were identified in two patients with PC, two with APT, and three with PA. The mutational status was not associated with the tumor group nor related to the clinical picture or severity of the disease. Still, the frequent finding of rare germline mutations of PRUNE2 may point to the gene playing a role in the pathogenesis of parathyroid neoplasms.
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Rajković, Emina, Christiane Schwarz, David Tischler, Karl Schedle, Nicole Reisinger, Caroline Emsenhuber, Vladimira Ocelova et al. „Potential of Grape Extract in Comparison with Therapeutic Dosage of Antibiotics in Weaning Piglets: Effects on Performance, Digestibility and Microbial Metabolites of the Ileum and Colon“. Animals 11, Nr. 10 (23.09.2021): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102771.
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Enteric diseases in piglets, such as post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), often require antibiotic treatment of the entire litter. Grape polyphenols may help overcome PWD and thereby reduce the need for antibiotics. The potential of a grape extract (GE; continuous in-feed supplementation) on performance of weaning piglets, compared with both negative (NC; corn-based diet) and positive control (PC; NC + in-feed antibiotic (amoxicillin) in a therapeutic dosage for day 1–day 5 post weaning) was assessed. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and microbial metabolites were also evaluated on two sampling points (day 27/28 and day 55/56). We assigned 180 weaning piglets (6.9 ± 0.1 kg body weight (BW)) to 6 male and 6 female pens per treatment with 5 piglets each. Animals from PC showed higher BW on day 13 compared with NC and GE, and a tendency for higher BW on day 56 (p = 0.080) compared to NC. Furthermore, PC increased the average daily feed intake in the starter phase (day 1–day 13), and the average daily gain in the early grower phase (day 14–day 24). Overall, GE improved the ATTD at the same level as PC (ash, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract), or at a higher level than PC (dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, crude protein, P). There were no effects on microbial metabolites apart from minor trends for lactic acid and ammonia. Dietary inclusion of GE may have beneficial effects compared to therapeutic antibiotics, as frequently used at weaning.
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Hou, Ya-Chin, Ying-Jui Chao, Min-Hua Hsieh, Hui-Ling Tung, Hao-Chen Wang und Yan-Shen Shan. „Low CD8+ T Cell Infiltration and High PD-L1 Expression Are Associated with Level of CD44+/CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells and Predict an Unfavorable Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer“. Cancers 11, Nr. 4 (15.04.2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11040541.
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Cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints has exhibited promising clinical outcomes in many cancers, but it offers only limited benefits for pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a minor subpopulation of cancer cells, play important roles in tumor initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that CSCs employ immunosuppressive effects to evade immune system recognition. However, the clinical implications of the associations among CD8+ T cells infiltration, programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, and CSCs existence are poorly understood in PC. Immunostaining and quantitative analysis were performed to assess CD8+ T cells infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and their relationship with CD44+/CD133+ CSCs and disease progression in PC. CD8+ T cells infiltration was associated with better survival while PD-L1 expression was correlated with PC recurrence. Both the low CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression group and the high CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression group show high levels of CD44+/CD133+ CSCs, but patients with low CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression had worse survival and higher recurrence risk than those with high CD8+ T cells infiltration/high PD-L1 expression. Moreover, high infiltration of CD8+ T cells could reduce unfavorable prognostic effect of high co-expression of PD-L1 and CD44/CD133. Our study highlights an interaction among CD8+ T cells infiltration, PD-L1 expression, and CD44+/CD133+ CSCs existence, which contributes to PC progression and immune evasion.
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Li, Ai Ying, Jie Yun Chang, Xiao Bing Zuo und Rong Xin Yuan. „Steady Rheological Properties and Microstructure of Polycarbonate/Highly Branched Polystyrene Blends“. Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.204.
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Blends of polycarbonate (PC) and highly branched polystyrene (HBPS) were prepared by melt blending. The steady rheological behavior of them was determined using a capillary rheometer, furthermore, the effect of shear rate, temperature and the blend component on the viscosity of the blends was discussed. The results showed that all the blends exhibit the nature of the pseudo-plastic fluids, and the viscosity of them decreases dramatically with the increase of temperature and does slightly with the increase of shear rate. At a fixed shear stress, the viscosity of the blends is decreased with the increase of the HBPS content. Microstructure studies using SEM showed that all the blends are characteristic of a two-phase morphology, with spherical droplets of the minor HBPS phase dispersed in the continuous PC phase.
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Braun, Marcel, Brigitte Flück, Claudia Cotting, Florence Monard und Francesca Giuffrida. „Quantification of Phospholipids in Infant Formula and Growing Up Milk by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, Nr. 3 (01.05.2010): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.3.948.
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Abstract Phospholipids (PLs) are well known for their excellent emulsifier properties and more recently for their biological functions, such as cell signing, brain development, immune function, heart health, and cancer prevention, besides their physiological role in membrane composition. In dairy products, PLs represent 0.21 of milk fat. The milk PLs comprise phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin (SPH) as the major compounds; phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine are minor PLs. A new generation of dairy products claiming PL family content, such as SPH, is being produced; therefore, a validated method for quantifying PL families in dairy products is needed. In this study, an HPLC-evaporative light scattering detector method to quantify the most abundant milk PL families, i.e., PC, PE, and SPH, in infant formula and growing up milk was developed and validated.
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Zeh, Stefan, Eva Christalle, Jördis M. Zill, Martin Härter, Andreas Block und Isabelle Scholl. „What do patients expect? Assessing patient-centredness from the patients’ perspective: an interview study“. BMJ Open 11, Nr. 7 (Juli 2021): e047810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047810.
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ObjectiveAlthough there has been much conceptual work on patient-centredness (PC), patients‘ perspectives on PC were neglected. In a previous study, participating patients rated the relevance of 16 dimensions of an integrative model of PC as high to very high. However, it remained unclear which specific behaviours described in the dimensions were considered most relevant. Thus, the aim of the current study was to further explore which of the specific behaviours described in the model are especially relevant for the high ratings in the previous study.Methods and designWe conducted semistructured interviews with 20 patients with chronic diseases (16 females, 4 males, mean age: 52 years). Patients answered questions regarding their experiences in the German healthcare system and how optimal healthcare would look like from their perspective. Furthermore, patients were asked to reflect on the most important aspects which they had mentioned in the interview before. Data were analysed via content analysis.ResultsParticipants addressed many different aspects of PC, but mostly focused on three major themes: (1) time appropriate access to care, (2) competence, empathy and being taken seriously by HCPs, (3) HCPs’ individual consideration of each patient’s situation (eg, wishes and needs). Minor themes were: (1) taking a holistic perspective of the patient, (2) patient-centred communication, (3) integration of multidisciplinary treatment elements, (4) transparency regarding waiting time and (5) reduction of unequal access to care.ConclusionThis study enriches the construct of PC by depicting essential aspects of PC from the patients’ perspective. The results allow prioritising strategies to implement patient-centred care. Thus, this study helps to pursue the ultimate goal of fostering patient-centred healthcare delivery in Germany.
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Johnson, Margaret, Mustafa Khasraw, Jung-Young Kim, Nicole Cort, James Herndon, Luis Ramirez, Eric Lipp et al. „QOLP-28. COMPARING KNOWLEDGE OF AND BELIEFS ABOUT PALLIATIVE CARE AMONG NEURO-ONCOLOGY PATIENTS, CAREGIVERS, PROVIDERS AND A NATIONALLY-REPRESENTATIVE U.S. SAMPLE“. Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (02.11.2021): vi189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.748.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION There is increasing recognition that palliative care (PC) can benefit patients with advanced cancers. However, early referral to PC is not yet a reality for patients diagnosed with a primary brain tumor. We hypothesize that lack of knowledge and/or misperceptions regarding PC by patients, caregivers, or their providers remain barriers. METHODS This is an IRB-exempt, one-time QR-accessible REDcap questionnaire administered to patients, caregivers, and providers at the Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center between September 2020 and May 2021. We administered 9 questions regarding knowledge and beliefs about PC from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycle 2: results of this nationally representative U.S. sample are publicly available and used for comparison. RESULTS We had 141 survey respondents: 25 providers, 59 patients, and 57 caregivers. The median patient and caregiver ages were 49 (21-74) and 50 years (24-73), respectively. Caregivers were more likely female (55.2 %) and identified as a spouse or domestic partner (58.2%). Providers, were equally distributed by years of experience. Compared to patients and caregivers, providers reported more baseline knowledge of PC (p< 0.0001, p< 0.0001) and better understood the role of PC in pain/symptom management (p=0.0038, p=0.0087) and social/emotional support (p=0.0044, p=0.0279). Interestingly, most providers (76.0%) disagreed with the statement “the goal of palliative care is to give patients more time at the end of life.” Compared to a general U.S. sample (n=1,162) our patients (n=39) were better informed in only 2 of 9 questions. Whereas, caregivers (n=48) were better informed in 6 of 9 questions. CONCLUSION Neuro-oncology providers were knowledgeable, but a minor gap in understanding the goal of PC was identified. Caregivers were overall more knowledgeable than patients. However, Neuro-oncology patients, had similar knowledge and beliefs compared to a nationally representative sample. PC interventions should prioritize filling knowledge gaps for Neuro-oncology patients.