Dissertationen zum Thema „Pathogen (Ralstonia solanacearum)“
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Puigvert, Sànchez Marina. „Control strategies and gene expression dynamics of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum = Estratègies de control i dinàmica d'expressió gènica en el fitopatogen Ralstonia solanacearum“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRalstonia solanacearum és l’agent causant del marciment bacterià en plantes, una malaltia altament agressiva i responsable de considerables pèrdues econòmiques d’impacte mundial. Molts factors de virulència de R. solanacearum han sigut identificats, però la seva regulació transcripcional al llarg del desenvolupament de la malaltia encara es desconeixia. En un intent de caracteritzar els canvis en l’expressió genètica que modulen la virulència del bacteri, en primer lloc hem proporcionat la seqüència completa del genoma de la soca de patateres R. solanacearum UY031 com a eina per a dur a terme transcriptomes robustos dins de la planta. Gràcies a la nova tecnologia de seqüenciació anomenada SMRT, també proporcionem algunes pistes sobre el seu perfil de metilació i la contribució d’aquest en l’expressió de gens de virulència a UY031. En aquest estudi hem realitzat dos transcriptomes del bacteri en patateres en diferents estadis d’infecció. Per una banda hem analitzat l’expressió genètica bacteriana durant la colonització de l’arrel i hem demostrat que, malgrat ser poc rentable, és possible analitzar el transcriptoma del bacteri dins de la planta sense enriquir prèviament les mostres amb ARN procariota. Així mateix, hem identificat un nou membre que regula l’eficàcia biològica del bacteri durant els estadis inicials de la infecció que hem anomenat RepR, de Repressor Regulador, ja que hem descobert que reprimeix rutes metabòliques concretes. Per altra banda, hem fet un transcriptoma a diferents estadis de la infecció i demostrem que l’expressió de factors de virulència i del metabolisme de R. solanacearum és dinàmica al llarg del procés infectiu. Amb el nostre sistema, hem validat els patrons d’expressió de factors de virulència ja coneguts, com el Sistema de Secreció de Tipus III (SST3) o el flagel, i hem desxifrat els perfils d’altres factors com el dels pilus de tipus IVb o el SST6. En contra de l’assumpció que el SST3 juga principalment un paper als estadis primerencs de la infecció, hem demostrat que la transcripció de molts efectors és extremadament alta en estadis avançats de la malaltia. Finalment, hem dut a terme una prova pilot per a identificar inhibidors del SST3 i hem demostrat que algunes salicidèn-acilhidrazides tenen potencial per a prevenir malalties bacterianes de plantes mitjançant la inhibició de la transcripció del SST3. Aquest treball afegeix nou coneixement en el comportament i la fisiologia del patogen en diferents estadis de la malaltia, que amb el temps podria contribuir a la identificació de nous fàrmacs dirigits en passos claus en el desenvolupament de la malaltia.
Ailloud, Florent. „Le pouvoir pathogène chez Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype II génomique intégrative et paysages transcriptomiques en relation avec l'adaptation à l'hôte“. Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRalstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium globally distributed with a particularly broad host range. This organism is biologically diverse and is adapted to all types of soil, to planktonic lifestyle and to many plant hosts and natural reservoirs. This bacterium is a species complex and its genetic, phenotypic and host range diversity is a direct consequence of adaptation mechanisms. Phylogenetic analyses have divided this species complex into four distinct phylotypes correlating mostly with strains’ geographical origin. This thesis focuses on using phylotype II strains as an experimental model due to their adaptation to specific hosts: Moko strains pathogenic to banana, ‘Brown rot’ strains adapted to potatoes and emergent pathological variant NPB strains. Our main research topic is the understanding of host adaptation processes. In order to tackle this problematic we sequenced about ten genomes as a starting point of (i) a taxonomic revision of the species complex (ii) a comparative genomic analysis and (iii) an in planta transcriptomic analysis. Together, these complementary approaches allow a more systemic view of this organism’s genetic and phenotypic complexity
Bliss, Elizabeth Katherine. „Strain variation and response to environmental factors in the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497230.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDanial, Janathan. „Studies on the genetic diversity of the potato brown rot pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum race 3/biovar 2A“. Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2384.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBringel, Jose Magno Martins. „Caracterização bioquímica, patogênica e molecular de isolados de Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2 de batata e berinjela“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-09012003-081030/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solonacearum affects mainly the solanaceous species, specially potato, eggplant, peppers, tomato and brazilian gilo (Solanum gilo). This work reports the molecular characterization of R. solanacearum biovar 2 isolates and the possible relationship of this molecular data with other characteristics related to morphology, biochemistry, pathogenicity, aggressiveness and geographical distribution. Fifty-one biovar 2 isolates were studied, 9 isolated from eggplant and 42 from potato, all of them collected from different regions of Brazil. According to the molecular analysis, the isolates were clustered in four different groups, with distinct band patterns to the primers BOX and ERIC, and five groups to the primers REP. There was no relationship between the groups clustered through molecular analyses and phenotypic characteristics, such as colony size, presence of mutants, melanin presence, capability of root system colonization and antibiotic/fungicide resistance. The identification of potato isolates as the biovar 2-A, and the eggplant isolates as biovar 2-T, based on biochemical tests using trealose were confirmed with the molecular analyses. There was no variation of aggressiveness in the isolates inoculated on potato an eggplant, except the avirulent isolate CNPH-65. Consequently, isolates of biovars 2-A and 2-T are able to infect both hosts with the same aggressiveness under high temperatures. The population of all isolates developed in significant levels at the root system of susceptible cultivars of both hosts, potato and eggplant. However, considering each cultivar tested, there was no difference between isolates. Interesting results were observed when the isolates clustered based on molecular data were associated with the geographical region of their collection. The group I clustered only the isolates collected in Paraná. The group II clustered the isolates collected in Bahia, Federal District and some in Paraná. The group III clustered all isolates from eggplant and only one of potato, all of them collected in the Federal District. The group IV, as the group II, clustered isolates from different regions, like Paraná, Goiás, Rio Grande do Sul and Federal District. These results suggest a relationship between the isolates clustered through molecular analysis in the groups II and III and their geographical region of collection. The isolates clustered in the same way, with similar genetic background in the groups II and IV, were however collected in different regions, showing the great genetic variation of this pathogen.
Pradhanang, Prakash Man. „Bacterial wilt of potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 2A : a study of the ecology and taxonomy of the pathogen in Nepal“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSulak, Ondrej. „Études structure-fonction de lectines de bactéries opportunistes“. Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10324.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immune origin that bind specifically to complex carbohydrates. The presented Ph. D. Thesis is approaching the study of molecular mechanisms of interactions between lectins produced by pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia cenocepacia and Ralstonia solanacearum and their carbohydrate ligands. Cristallography, surface plasmon resonance, titration microcalorimetry and other tools were used for the characterisation of two lectins. The plant bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum produces three soluble lectins RSL, RS-IIL and RS20L. All of them have been previously studied but the characterisation of RS20L was not complete. During this thesis, the production of the RS20L lectin was optimised and its physicochemical behaviour analysed by 2D SDS-PAGE / MALDI-MS analysis and DSC. However, different assays for determining carbohydrate specificity and affinity were not successful and different strategies have to be designed. The second part of the thesis is devoted to a lectin from the human opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, responsible of high mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous diseases. The BC2L-C lectin is a 28 kDa protein composed of two distinct domains that were separately cloned and produced in E. Coli and characterised. The C-terminal domain shows sequence and structure similarity to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectin (PA-IIL) and recognises with high affinity D-mannosylated glycans. The N-terminal domain also displays sugar-binding ability with a strong preference for L-fucosylated oligosaccharides such as H-type and Lewis histo-blood group determinants. The N-terminal domain complexed with selenio-methyl-fucoside crystallises as a trimeric assembly that has not been observed for lectins earlier but that is highly similar to the TNF- α or C1q complement structures. The BC2L-C lectin is therefore a new superlectin with two different carbohydrate-biding domains and specificities
Dodd, Helen Jean. „Interactions of pathogenic and saphrophytic pseudomonads with photoautotrophic and in vitro potato plants“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/106897/1/T%28S%29%20110%20Interactions%20of%20pathogenic%20and%20saprophytic%20pseudomonads%20with%20photoautotrophic%20and%20in%20vitro%20potato%20plants.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhou, Binbin. „Identification and characterization of target genes of RRS1-R, a protein conferring resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana to the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2604/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn nature, plants are constantly exposed to microbial pathogens and have evolved an effective and dynamic immune system in order to survive. R. Solanacearum, the causing agent of wilt disease, is a soil-borne bacteria pathogenic on more than 200 plant species. Bacteria enter roots, invade xylem vessels and then spread rapidly to aerial parts of the plant through the vasculature. In A. Thaliana Nd-1 plants, RRS1-R, with its partner RPS4 allows resistance to strains of R. Solanacearum that deliver PopP2, a type III effector, into the plant cells. Previous studies showed that RRS1 and RPS4 are two NBS-LRR receptor proteins involved in the perception of the effector. Interestingly, RRS1 also harbors a WRKY transcription factor domain in its C-terminal end. In a susceptible Arabidopsis ecotype Col 0, RRS1-S is an allelic gene of RRS1-R, which encodes a similar structure. The recognition of bacterial and plant proteins leads to RRS1 protein accumulation in the nucleus, triggering possibly transcriptional gene regulation. Important genomic reprogramming of the infected plant cells has indeed been shown. My work shows that the RRS1-S and RRS1-R genes are expressed mainly in mature roots and basal hypocotyls, in pericycle cells and passage cells from the endoderm. These cells correspond to entry sites of the invading R. Solanacearum bacteria within the vascular tissues. We also demonstrated the binding of WRKY domain of RRS1-R and RRS1-S, in vitro, to W boxes which are cis-regulatory elements recognized by WRKY transcription factors. In order to identify the in vivo target sequences of RRS1-R and RRS1-S, a DamID (DNA adenine methyltransferase IDentification) approach, detecting transitory DNA-protein associations was developed. DamID is based on the fusion of a protein of interest to a DNA Adenine Methyl-transferase from E. Coli, which will methylate DNA in the vicinity of the binding sites of this protein. The fingerprints can be further mapped by DNA restriction with methylation sensitive enzymes, and cloned or directly sequenced. Analysis was focused on RRS1-R, by cloning FARMs (Fragment Associated to RRS1 driven Methylation) from Nd-1 plants expressing or not an inducible PopP2 gene. This allowed the identification of several putative targets of RRS1-R and led us to propose a model for its function as a transcription factor. High throughput sequencing was then initiated at a whole genome scale analysis. The function and transcriptional regulation of a putative RRS1 target gene was evaluated. Taken together, the results of this study illustrate the important role of RRS1-R in the regulation of the plant response to R. Solanacearum
Angot, Aurélie. „Caractérisation d’une famille d’effecteurs de type III de la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum et identification de ses cibles végétales“. Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30159.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRalstonia solanacearum type III effector candidate repertory contains a gene family coding for proteins designated GALA. The GALA proteins possess a protein structure characteristic of eukaryotic F-box proteins. F-box proteins are subunits of SCF complexes involved in protein ubiquitination; a process controlling eukaryotic cellular homeostasis. In the course of this work, we demonstrated that GALA proteins are genuine effectors, and that they collectively play a role in R. Solanacearum virulence. Within the family, we identified the first effector from this bacteria controlling virulence on a specific host. Our studies revealed that GALA effectors behave as plant F-box proteins and that they could mediate ubiquitination of target proteins in the host cell. A target has been identified. We identified for the first time a plant protein potentially involved in a signaling pathway controlling Bacterial wilt establishment. We propose a model for the molecular activity of GALA effectors
Plener, Laure. „Étude des mécanismes d'activation transcriptionnelle des gènes de virulence et des fonctions d'adaptation in planta chez la bactérie Ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1255/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHrpG is the central virulence regulator of the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. HrpG integrates environmental and host-dependent signals and induces the expression of type III secretion system genes via HrpB, as well as almost 200 genes independent from HrpB. A regulator highly homologous to HrpG was identified and characterised. This regulator, called PrhG, also induces the expression of hrpB, but only upon the environmental signal. We showed that HrpG and PrhG are two direct regulators of hrpB and that they partly require the same cis-regulatory sequences. The objective of our study is to understand how HrpG and PrhG share the control of hrpB expression and to define more precisely HrpG regulon in order to identify functions implicated in colonisation and adaptation to the host environment
Gonzalez, Adriana. „Funtional characterization of a large genomic deletion resulting in loss of virulence in Ralstonia solanacearum race3 biovar2 strains“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1293/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRalstonia solanacearum is one of the most devastating plant pathogen worldwide. Through a comparative genomic analysis between R. Solanacearum 'race3 biovar 2' strains, the causal agent of potato brown rot, we identified a 77kb region which is absent in the hypovirulent strain IPO1609. We proved that IPO1609 indeed carries a 77kb genomic deletion and we provide genetic evidence that presence of this deletion is responsible for almost complete loss of pathogenicity of this strain. We identified two loci having a major contribution to IPO1609 pathogenesis: the methionine biosynthesis genes metER and a gene cluster putatively involved in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone auxin. Expression of metER is controlled by the pathogenicity regulator HrpG, and the finding that a metER mutant is not auxotrophic but is significantly reduced in virulence provides the first direct link between methionine metabolism and pathogenicity in R. Solanacearum
Gopalan, Nair Rekha. „Déterminants moléculaires de l'adaptation à l'hôte chez la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a destructive plant pathogen that infects more than 250-plant species including tomato, potato, pelargonium, ginger and banana. In addition, this multihost pathogen is known for rapid adaptation to new plant species and new environments. In order to overcome this pathogen, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern host adaptation. The objectives of this thesis were (1) to decipher the genetic bases of adaptation of a RSSC strain to a resistant cultivar, (2) to investigate the potential role of epigenetic modifications in host adaptation and (3) to analyze to impact of the plant species on genetic, transcriptomic and epigenetic modifications in RSSC adapted clones. This study was conducted on clones generated by experimental evolution of GMI1000 RSSC strain after 300 generation of serial passages on the resistant tomato ‘Hawaii 7996’ plant, the susceptible eggplant ‘Zebrina’ and the tolerant plant Bean ‘Blanc precoce’. Competitive experiments with the GMI1000 ancestral clone demonstrated that 95% of the clones evolved on Hawaii 7996 were better adapted to the growth into this tomato plant than the ancestral clone. Genomic sequence analysis of these adapted clones found between 0 and 2 mutations per clone and we demonstrated that they were adaptive mutations. Transcriptome analysis of the Hawaii, Zebrina and Bean evolved clones revealed a convergence towards a global rewiring of the virulence regulatory network as evidenced by largely overlapping gene expression profiles. Two transcription regulators, HrpB, the activator of the type 3 secretion system regulon and EfpR, a global regulator of virulence and metabolic functions, emerged as key nodes of this regulatory network that were frequently targeted by either genetic or potential epigenetic modification affecting their expression. Significant transcriptomic variations were also detected in evolved clones showing no mutation, suggesting a potential role of epigenetic modifications in adaptation. Comparison of the DNA methylation profiles between the evolved clones and the ancestral clone revealed between 13 and 35 differentially methylated regions (DMRs). No impact of the host plant on the list of DMRs appeared. Some of these DMRs targeted genes that were identified to be differentially expressed between the evolved clones and the ancestral clone. This result supported the hypothesis that epigenetic modifications regulate gene expression and could play a major role in RSSC adaptation to new host plants
Poueymiro, Marie. „Caractérisation fonctionnelle des effecteurs de type III de Ralstonia solanacearum : AvrA et PopP1, délimitant le spectre d'hôte et RipTPS, synthétisant une molécule signal chez les plantes“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1111/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe plant pathogenic bacterium R. Solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt. The type III effector proteins that are delivered by the bacteria into plant cells manipulate the host cell physiology in a way that favors bacterial multiplication, but recognition of these effectors by the plant immune system can also lead to resistance against the pathogen. We have identified two effectors, AvrA and PopP1, which determine host specificity of strain GMI1000 on three tobacco species. We have also demonstrated that an effector, called RipTPS (Ralstonia injected protein TPS), possesses a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) activity. Since trehalose-6-phosphate is a key signal molecule controlling sugar metabolism in plants, it is hypothesized that RipTPS specifically alters the plant cell metabolism during infection
Remigi, Philippe. „Évolution et fonction de la famille d'effecteurs de type III gala de la bactérie phytopathogène ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1585/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum possesses a large repertoire of type III effectors, among which a family of seven proteins called GALAs. GALAs are collectively required for the virulence of R. Solanacearum on different host plants. Interestingly, GALAs are homologous to plant F-box proteins which are involved in the eukaryotic ubiquitine-proteasome system. Thus GALAs could enable R. Solanacearum to manipulate the stability of some plant proteins during infection. Through this work, we demonstrated that the GALA family members underwent functional divergence during evolution. Integrating bioinformatics studies along with experimental data, we showed that GALA proteins display functional specificities and show differential requirement for pathogenicity on different hosts. This functional divergence likely contributed to the remarkable conservation of the GALA family among R. Solanacearum strains. We then analyzed more specifically the virulence function of GALA7 which had been shown to be a host specificity factor on Medicago truncatula. A structure-function analysis was initiated in order to identify the amino-acids which are required for GALA7 function during infection. Using transgenic plants expressing GALA7, we showed that this effector is probably an active E3-ubiquitine ligase enzyme within plant cells. Finally, using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified several putative GALA interactors. Our work thus provides new insights into the selective forces driving the evolution of type III effectors and contributes to a better understanding of GALA functions during infection
Gousset, Christian. „Contribution à l'étude des interactions parasites-hotes entre le pathogène Ralstonia solanacearum et des plantes hotes du complexe aubergine (Solanum melongena L. )“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecently, resistance to bacterial wilt caused by r. Solanacearum was identified in local variety of chinese eggplant. However, the best genetic resources for eggplant improvement are wild related species such as s. Torvum, s. Aethiopicum and s. Sisymbriifolium which present high levels of resistance to r. Solanacearum. The sexual incompatibility of these species with eggplant and the lake of knowledge on genetic determinism of resistance in eggplant complex are brakes in the efficiency of genetic improvement this study had for objects to better understand the resistance determinism in this complex and to analyze the potential transfers of resistance to this disease by interspecific somatic fusion. The analysis of the resistance to r. Solanacearum within crossings realized between sensitive and resistant eggplant genotypes let suppose that the genetic determinism of the resistance to r. Solanacearum in eggplant would imply one or several qtl. The equivalent sequence to rrs1 found in eggplant could be one of the constituents of this determinism. Among the wild species, s. Torvum constitutes a genetic resource of interest to improve the resistance to bacterial wilt in eggplant and represents a model for study of the resistance genes to r. Solanacearum in this complex. The obtaining of hybrids between eggplant and s. Torvum as well as s. Sisymbriifolium shows that the asymmetric somatic hybridization is a efficient strategy to transfer resistances to diseases while maintaining the fertility of hybrids
Malbert, Bastien. „Caractérisation de protéines PPR impliquées dans le stress biotique chez A. thaliana“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS522/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompared to mammals, plants do not have highly specialized cells involved in defense against pathogens. Each plant cell is able to start an immune response. To interact successfully with plants, pathogens have to block or bypass host defenses. To do so, phytopathogenic bacteria can use effectors, which are basically bacterial proteins injected in the plant cell during infection. Several effectors are known to target organelles during infection, supporting the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are key players in plant cell defense. As a reason, it remains necessary for the plant to keep organellar gene expression under control in order to ensure a response in proportion to the risk, without penalizing growth. Unlike nuclear gene expression, organellar gene expression regulation goes through highly complex post-transcriptional maturation steps. Among proteins involved in these events, PPR proteins (for pentatricopeptide repeat) are known to be very important. PPR proteins are involved in several RNA maturation steps in organelles, like C to U editing or splicing. They are studied in several eukaryotes, but not in bacteria. During my PhD studies, the hypothesis is exogenous or endogenous PPR proteins are involved in organellar gene expression modifications during biotic stress. To test our hypothesis, we work on PGN (Pentatricopeptide repeat protein for Germination on NaCl) in plant model A. thaliana. Characterized by Laluk et al. (2011), the KO mutant displays an enhanced sensitivity to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and PGN gene expression is induced after infection. We find two editing defects for the KO mutant, in nad6 5’ non coding sequence and in cox2 coding sequence. However, editing at these two sites does not vary in wild type plants during Botrytis cinerea infection.Using a bioinformatic screen, we find several bacterial PPR proteins. Two of them are encoded by bacterial plant pathogens: Erwinia amylovora and Ralstonia solanacearum. To our knowledge, these proteins, putatively obtained through horizontal gene transfer, are the first bacterial PPR proteins to be characterized. They also share similarities with bacterial effectors. If overexpression of these bacterial PPR proteins in A. thaliana does not unveil organellar transcriptome modifications, we show a decrease of the incidence rate of the disease caused by E. amylovora in the host plant Malus domestica “Golden delicious” without a functional gene coding for the PPR protein. For both Erwinia and Ralstonia PPR, we find several interactants in A. thaliana using Yeast Two Hybrid, each of them representing a potential target that could be studied. In order to perform these experiments and obtain these results, we needed very specific tools. During the PhD studies, we develop an RNAseq analysis pipeline and an enhanced method to predict PPR binding sites, opening the way to an easier characterization of several PPR proteins
Fromentin, Justine. „MtEFD, un facteur de transcription impliqué dans les interactions symbiotique et pathogène ainsi que dans le développement racinaire chez Medicago truncatula“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3099/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rhizosphere is composed of microorganisms which are beneficial or pathogenic for the plants. The model legume M. Truncatula is used to study the symbiotic interaction with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti, but also the pathogenic interaction with the telluric bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. The nitrogen-fixing symbiotic associations involve the formation of a new root organ, called nodule, in which differentiated bacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen to benefit the host plant. The nodule organogenesis is associated with a stage of plant cell differentiation, whose control is poorly understood, and during which the transcription factor MtEFD (M. Truncatula ethylene response factor required for nodule differentiation) plays an important role. During my thesis, we showed that MtEFD could control the nodule differentiation via the regulation of highly nodule specific genes, and a mutation in MtEFD impacts a key process of the differentiation, the endoreduplication, more precisely the number of endocycles (cell cycle without mitosis) of plant cells and bacteria. Moreover, we observed a similarity in the MtEFD expression pattern during nodule and root development, and we showed that MtEFD has an impact in both the lateral root formation and the DNA synthesis in the root tips. Finally, we also proved that MtEFD was positively involved in the disease development induced by R. Solanacearum. In the search of common mechanism in these different processes, we paid particular attention to cytokinins (CK), as MtEFD controls a CK negative regulator, the MtRR4 (M. Truncatula response regulator 4) gene
Cunnac, Sébastien. „Identification à l'échelle génomique des effecteurs dépendant du système de sécrétion de type III de la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30197.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRalstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease. Hrp genes encode a type III protein secretion apparatus that allows virulence effectors injection into the host plant cell. The regulatory gene hrpB controls expression of the structural components of the secretion machinery as well as its substrates. Characterization of the mode of action of HrpB allowed the definition of the hrpII box, a conserved cis-operator motif required for activity of the promoters belonging to this regulon. A search for this motif on R. Solanacearum GMI1000 genome sequence produced a list of 114 candidate genes. The next step involved the functional analysis of a group of these candidate genes : 48 of them were shown to belong to the hrpB regulon. Nine brg (hrpB-regulated genes) are homologous to known type III effectors from other plant pathogenic bacteria. The remaining 31 brg encode unknown or hypothetical proteins harbouring a putative type III-translocation signal. Hrp-dependent translocation into plant cells was confirmed for five candidate proteins. Only a few of the insertion mutants generated displayed an altered virulence when tested onto two host species. Finally, we identified and characterized the avrA gene which is necessary for elicitation of the hypersensitive response on some Nicotiana species. Altogether, these data suggest that R. Solanacearum genome contains a large type III effector repertory (50 to 70). Understanding their relative contribution to R. Solanacearum pathogenicity will await future elucidation of their molecular activity on the plant cell metabolism
Turner, Marie. „Plusieurs niveaux de contrôle sont mis en jeu lors de flétrissement bactérien chez la légumineuse modèle Medicago truncatula“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT011A/document.
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Lohou, David. „Contribution à la caractérisation fonctionnelle de protéines de contrôle de la sécrétion d'effecteurs de type III chez la bactérie phytopathogène Ralstonia solanacearum : chaperonnes et protéine à domaine T3S4“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4336/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of the bacterial wilt on more than 200 plant species, including agronomic species, making it one of the most important bacterial disease in the world. The pathogenicity of the bacteria is largely based on its ability to inject proteins, called type III effectors (T3Es) via the type III secretion system (T3SS). The last decade has been particularly marked by the discovery of many proteins involved in the control of the type III secretion process in pathogenic bacteria. In R. Solanacearum , these control mechanisms remain unknown , unlike the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In this work, we focused on the functional characterization of the proteins HpaB (Rsp0853), HpaD (RSp0848) and FliT-like (RSc2897) for which several elements suggest a potential role as type III chaperones (T3Cs). We also focused on the HpaP protein (Rsp0862) which harbors a T3S4 domain (Type III Secretion Substrate Specificity Switch). We showed the ability of some CT3s to interact with each other and, concerning HpaB and HpaD, to interact with many T3Es. In addition, the three putative T3Cs seem to be involved in the pathogenicity of R. Solanacearum, HpaB being even strictly required for bacterial virulence. Furthermore, our work highlights the importance of HpaP in pathogenicity and its involvement in the control of the secretion of T3SS substrates. The results suggest in particular that HpaP promotes the secretion of the T3E PopP1 by physically interacting with the latter. Finally, the characterization of conserved sequences in the T3S4 domain reveals the importance of this region for the function of the HpaP protein. On the whole, this work suggests the involvement of several proteins of R. Solanacearum in the control of the type III secretion process and highlights the diversity of mechanisms in which T3S4 proteins are involved in pathogenic bacteria
Naidoo, Sanushka. „Microarray expression studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana infected with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum“. Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Plant Science
unrestricted
Kuun, Karolina. „Thermotolerance and Ralstonia solanacearum infection: implications for phenylpropanoid metabolism in Lycopersicon esculentum“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6771.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleField grown plants are constantly challenged with a variety of stressful factors, such as high temperatures, drought and pathogen infection that adversely affect crop production and quality. These stresses seldom occur as single entities in plants and in warm climates, heat stress is often a common dominator in combinatorial stress. The heat shock (HS) response in plants has priority over other stress responses, including the pathogen-induced stress response. Activation of the HS response prevents the normal plant defence strategy, leaving the plant vulnerable to pathogen attack. However, prior exposure to elevated temperatures confers protection from subsequent, otherwise lethal, temperatures (thermotolerance) and a variety of other stress conditions including heavy-metals, chilling injury and certain pathogens (cross tolerance). In general, litterature supports a central role for heat shock proteins (HSP), in particular the 70 kDa HSP (Hsp70), in thermotolerance. Incompatible host-pathogen interactions lead to the activation of an array of defence mechanisms, including the promotion of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is a key regulator of this metabolic pathway, influencing the production of salicylic acid, lignin and phytoalexins among other essential defence products. In this study it was hypothesised that prior exposure to non-lethal HS confers protection from subsequent heat-related suppression of the phenylpropanoid pathway, induced as a defence mechanism during an incompatible plant-pathogen interaction. This hypothesis was verified by analysing the effect of thermotolerance on pathogen-related stimulation of PAL promoter activity, enzyme activity and lignin deposition. The tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar UC82B and Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, were used as host-pathogen model. Specific objectives in the study were: (1) Development of PAL promoter-GUS reporter transformed Lycopersicon esculentum. (2) Establishment of a thermotolerance protocol that ensures optimal Hsp70 levels at subsequent HS. (3) Evaluation of the influence of prior heat treatment on phenylpropanoid metabolism after exposure to HS in combination with Ralstonia solanacearum. Results obtained support the hypothesis indicating that thermotolerance protects phenylpropanoid metabolism, in particular PAL promoter and enzyme activity, and to a certain extent lignin production, induced by avirulent Ralstonia solanacearum during a second severe HS. In contrast, HS without a prior heat treatment, suppressed phenylpropanoid metabolism. The protective potential of prior heat treatment during subsequent infection under hyperthermic conditions support the application of HSP in the development of novel plant protection strategies.
Byth, Heather-Anne. „Stress protein expression and cell survival in tomato in response to Ralstonia solanacearum exposure“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlants are in constant conflict with pathogens and have evolved intricate mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogens. The gene-for-gene response is regarded as the first line of defence when plant and pathogen meet. This interaction leads to the induction of defence proteins such as PR proteins that protect the plant from invading pathogens. A seemingly unrelated topic to plants and pathogens is heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP are a highly conserved group of defence proteins induced in all organisms in response to a variety of environmental stresses to provide protection from, and adaptation to cellular stress. HSP are in general not considered to be part of the defence response classically induced by avirulent pathogens and whether they are induced and play a role in plant-pathogen interactions is controversial. The protective chaperoning capacity of HSP makes them ideal proteins to exploit to target as endogenous defence proteins in the search for new strategies in the management of infectious diseases. In humans, HSP induction during infection is a complex phenomenon depending on the pathogen, whether the infection is acute or chronic, the host cell type and its differentiative state as well as environmental factors. In this investigation the expression of the inducible and constitutive isoforms of the 70kDa HSP (Hsp70/Hsc70) was investigated in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum in response to virulent and avirulent strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt. Expression of Hsp70 was studied in conjunction with the accumulation of PR-la and host cell viability. A quick, non-toxic, tetrazolium-based assay was developed from the Alamar Blue assay, commonly used in mammalian cells, and applied for the evaluation of host cell viability. The results shown suggest Hsp70/Hsc70 is significantly induced in tomato cell suspensions during an incompatible interaction 24h to 48 h following co-cultivation with the avirulent R. solanacearum strain compared to normal levels at this interval in cells exposed to the virulent strain. In both compatible and incompatible interactions Hsp70/Hsc70 levels eventually (72 h) accumulated correlating significantly with decreased viability. PR-la accumulation was significantly induced from 6 h to 18 h by the virulent as well as the avirulent R. solanacearum strains. In general, comparable results were obtained using leaf discs as an in vivo model. Based upon the differential induction of Hsp70/Hsc70 by virulent and avirulent pathogens it is proposed that HSP may play an important role in determining the outcome of the interaction between tomato and R. solanacearum. Successful defence may not only involve a limited number of defence genes but may result from a concerted action of a large number of defence genes.