Zeitschriftenartikel: „Passive smoking South Australia“

1

Lawn, Sharon. „Cigarette Smoking in Psychiatric Settings: Occupational Health, Safety, Welfare and Legal Concerns“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2005): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01698.x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Objective: In the current climate of growing concern for the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and passive smoking, the high prevalence of this activity within psychiatric settings can no longer be ignored. This paper reviews the findings of research in a public stand-alone psychiatric facility in South Australia where significant legal and occupational health, safety and welfare (OHSW) concerns were apparent for both patients and staff as a consequence of the strong culture of smoking in that setting. The aim of this paper is to raise awareness of this significant health and legal issue and to inform policy and practice change. Method: This paper reviews legal issues associated with smoking in psychiatric settings and presents relevant findings from previous studies in which in-depth interviews and observations in community and inpatient psychiatric settings were conducted. Results: Significant legal and OHSW concerns were apparent for both patients and staff in all settings. The potential for future litigation was high. Conclusions: There are a number of legal and OHSW implications of continued smoking by staff and patients within mental health settings. Several administrative, clinical and cultural practices need to change within this system of care in order to improve overall patient wellbeing and to avoid the potential for litigation by patients and staff.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

2

Moreton-Robinson, Aileen, und Maggie Walter. „Editorial“. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, Nr. 2 (01.06.2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i2.47.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

In this of the International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, the articles reveal how competing economies of knowledge, capital and values are operationalised through colonising power within inter-subjective relations. Writing in the Australian context, Greg Blyton demonstrates how tobacco was used by colonists as a means of control and exchange in their relations with Indigenous people. He focuses on the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, in the early to mid-nineteenth century to reveal how colonists exchanged tobacco for food, safe passage and Indigenous services. Blyton suggests that these colonial practices enabled tobacco addiction to spread throughout the region, passing from one generation of Indigenous people to another. He asks us to consider the link between the colonial generation of Indigenous tobacco consumption and addiction, and Indigenous mortality rates today whereby twenty percent of deaths are attributed to smoking.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

3

Ragg, Mark. „Australia: Passive smoking prosecution“. Lancet 341, Nr. 8838 (Januar 1993): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)90023-a.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

4

Loff, Bebe. „Australia ponders law after passive smoking trial“. Lancet 358, Nr. 9283 (September 2001): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05949-9.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

5

Loff, Bebe, und Stephen Cordner. „Passive smoking test case wins in Australia“. Lancet 357, Nr. 9267 (Mai 2001): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04715-2.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

6

MATHAI, MATTHEWS, R. VIJAYASRI, SANDHYA BABU und L. JEYASEELAN. „Passive maternal smoking and birthweight in a South Indian population“. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 99, Nr. 4 (April 1992): 342–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13736.x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

7

Bowden, Jacqueline A., Caroline L. Miller und Janet E. Hiller. „Smoking and Mental Illness: A Population Study in South Australia“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 45, Nr. 4 (April 2011): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2010.536904.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

8

Winstanley, Margaret H., und Stephen D. Woodward. „Tobacco in Australia—An Overview“. Journal of Drug Issues 22, Nr. 3 (Juli 1992): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200318.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease in Australia, and the major cause of drug death. Under a third of adults smoke, male rates having declined significantly following the Second World War. The publication of international reports during the 1960s causally linking tobacco with death and disease stimulated action by Australian health professionals, although governments remained unresponsive. In the 1970s, advertising bans in the broadcast media were introduced, but quickly circumvented by the tobacco companies through sport sponsorships. However, the 1980s brought increased public awareness about health issues, and legislation concerning advertising restrictions and other aspects of tobacco control. Importantly, unequivocal evidence about the effects of passive smoking also become available in this decade, signalling a battle between public health interests and the tobacco industry, which the industry can now be said to have lost. Although consumption and disease rates are falling, priority areas for action still remain.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

9

Maksimovic, Lauren, Catherine Paquet, Mark Daniel, Harold Stewart, Alwin Chong, Peter Lekkas und Margaret Cargo. „Characterising the Smoking Status and Quit Smoking Behaviour of Aboriginal Health Workers in South Australia“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, Nr. 12 (13.12.2013): 7193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10127193.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

10

Argue, John R., und David Pezzaniti. „Catchment “greening” using stormwater in Adelaide, South Australia“. Water Science and Technology 39, Nr. 2 (01.01.1999): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0116.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The paper reviews the goals of stormwater management adopted in Adelaide and declares a focus on harvesting of stormwater to replace mains water in irrigating areas landscaped with grass, flower beds and shrubs. Four categories of catchments are recognised according to their levels of pollution production - roof runoff and “low”, “medium” and “high” pollution runoff surfaces. Four case study examples of systems involving appropriate treatment trains are described, each one delivering harvested stormwater suitable for irrigation. Two examples are given of large roof areas draining to gravel-filled trenches providing “passive” irrigation to grassed surfaces and two examples of runoff from ground-level surfaces supplying cleansed recharge to small aquifer storage/recovery schemes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

11

Hodyl, Nicolette A., Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Michael J. Stark, Wendy Scheil und Vicki L. Clifton. „The impact of Aboriginal status, cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on perinatal outcomes in South Australia“. Medical Journal of Australia 201, Nr. 5 (September 2014): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja13.11142.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

12

Sippl, Christian. „Moho geometry along a north–south passive seismic transect through Central Australia“. Tectonophysics 676 (April 2016): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.031.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

13

INDIG, DEVON, und LEIGH HAYSOM. „Smoking behaviours among young people in custody in New South Wales, Australia“. Drug and Alcohol Review 31, Nr. 5 (07.03.2012): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00426.x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

14

Jones, K., M. Wakefield und D. A. Turnbull. „Attitudes and experiences of restaurateurs regarding smoking bans in Adelaide, South Australia“. Tobacco Control 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.8.1.62.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

15

Mohsin, M., A. E. Bauman und R. Forero. „Socioeconomic correlates and trends in smoking in pregnancy in New South Wales, Australia“. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Nr. 8 (14.09.2010): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.104232.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

16

Maritska, Ziske, und Theofilus Aswadi. „Risk Factors of Congenital Anomalies in South Sumatera Indonesia“. Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 4, Nr. 4 (03.10.2020): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v4i4.165.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Abstract Introduction. Congenital anomaly is one of the leading causes of neonatal death. It is the third leading cause of neonatal death in Indonesia. More than half of all congenital anomalies can’t be related to a specific cause, suggesting multiple risk factors. This study aims to identify patterns and risk factors of congenital anomalies in RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods. This observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design used 100 patients’ medical records, taken at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, as samples. Missing data were complemented with a phone interview. Samples were picked using a proportional random sampling method. Collected data were counted within each category of congenital anomalies. Results. There were 366 neonatal patients diagnosed with congenital anomalies at RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2015. The most prevalent (44,8%) congenital anomalies belonged to congenital anomalies of the digestive system, followed by congenital anomalies of the circulatory system (18,6%), and cleft lip/palate (11,5%). Following risk factors were found: the history of maternal active or passive smoking (41%), maternal exposure to chemicals or solvents (31%), family member with congenital anomalies of the same category (27%), maternal drug consumption (26%), maternal infection (22%), maternal diabetes mellitus (4%), and maternal hypertension (4%). Conclusion. History of maternal active or passive smoking was the most frequently found risk factors among patients of congenital anomalies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

17

Cosh, Suzanne, Lauren Maksimovic, Kerry Ettridge, David Copley und Jacqueline A. Bowden. „Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander utilisation of the Quitline service for smoking cessation in South Australia“. Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, Nr. 2 (2013): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py11152.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Smoking prevalence among Indigenous Australians far exceeds that of non-Indigenous Australians and is considered the greatest contributor to burden of disease for Indigenous Australians. The Quitline is a primary intervention for facilitating smoking cessation and, given the health implications of tobacco use, maximising its effectiveness for Indigenous Australians is imperative. However, the utilisation and effectiveness of this service within the Indigenous Australian population has not been examined. This study explores the utilisation of the South Australian Quitline by smokers identifying as Indigenous Australian. Quitline counsellors collected data regarding demographic characteristics, and smoking and quitting behaviour from Quitline callers in 2010. Results indicated that the proportion of Indigenous and non-Indigenous smokers who registered for the service was comparable. Demographic variables and smoking addiction at time of registration with the Quitline were similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous callers. However, results indicated that Indigenous callers received significantly fewer callbacks than non-Indigenous callers and were significantly less likely to set a quit date. Significantly fewer Indigenous callers reported that they were still successfully quit at 3 months. Thus, Indigenous Australian callers may be less engaged with the Quitline and further research is required exploring whether the service could be tailored to make it more engaging for Indigenous Australians who smoke.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

18

F.D., Adediji, Adelere E.A. und Dangana J. „Knowledge, Perception and Exposure Risk to Passive Smoking Among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area Nigeria“. African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, Nr. 3 (12.06.2021): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-betjpajb.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Passive smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer. This is because the smoke that burns off the end of a cigar or cigarette contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, among others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. The study investigated the determinants knowledge, perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select four hundred and ten participants (414) among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire to collect data in the study and was subjected to validation. Obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Also, correlation analyses were used to test the hypothesis at 95% confidence level (α=0.05). Three research questions and two research hypotheses were tested in the study. The results showed that the mean age was 17.05±1.39 years. The result revealed that the majority of the participants 337(82.2%) had poor knowledge about passive smoking, while 73(17.8%) of the respondents had good knowledge about passive smoking. Also, the result revealed that the majority of the participants 165(40.2%) reported low exposure risk of passive smoking. Correlation analyses show that there is a significant relationship between adolescents’ knowledge and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan southeast local government area (r=0.22; p=0.000). There is also a significant relationship between perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan south east local government area (r=0.13; p=0.009). The study therefore concluded and recommended that training programmers’ should be provided to increase the adolescents’ awareness, change their perceptions, increase their ability to protect themselves and help to have a smoke-free environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

19

Devadason, Pethuru. „Passive Smoking and its Effects among Children of a Rural Population in South Tamilnadu, India“. TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 4, Nr. 4 (31.12.2016): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.04.04.art019.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

20

Mittiga, C., K. Ettridge, K. Martin, G. Tucker, R. Dubyna, B. Catcheside, W. Scheil und L. Maksimovic. „Sociodemographic correlates of smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance in Indigenous and non-Indigenous women in South Australia“. Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, Nr. 5 (2016): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15081.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Smoking in pregnancy is a key health issue in Australia, particularly among Indigenous women. However, few studies have examined the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in pregnancy or the predictors of antenatal-care attendance among Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women who smoke. Data from the South Australian perinatal statistics collection of all births from 2000–2010 (n=197538) were analysed separately by Indigenous status to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance by women who smoke. For Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, smoking in pregnancy was significantly independently associated with socioeconomic disadvantage, residing in regional or remote areas, increased parity, unemployment, being a public patient and attending fewer antenatal care visits. Smoking in pregnancy was associated with younger age and not being partnered only for non-Indigenous women. For Indigenous and non-Indigenous pregnant women who smoked, antenatal-care attendance was lower among women who were of younger age, higher parity, unemployed and not partnered. Differences in attendance within sociodemographic factors were greater for Indigenous women. Therefore, while sociodemographic correlates of smoking in pregnancy and antenatal-care attendance are largely similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous women, tailored cessation and antenatal-care programs that reflect the differences in sociodemographic groups most at risk may be beneficial.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

21

O’Donnell, John Paul, und Kate Robertson. „Geological Survey of South Australia: The AusArray SA passive seismic array and new MT data“. Preview 2021, Nr. 212 (04.05.2021): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14432471.2021.1935718.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

22

Madiyal, Ananya, Vidya Ajila, G. Subhas Babu und Shruthi Hegde. „Knowledge and attitude of South-Indian smokers towards smoking associated health risk“. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 07, Nr. 02 (Juni 2017): 024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708706.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Abstract Aim: To assess the knowledge and attitude of South-Indian smokers towards health effects of smoking and their intentions to quit. Study design: A cross sectional questionnaire based survey was conducted among 550 smokers hailing from South India who reported to the out-patient department of the dental hospital. Results: Highest incidence of smoking in men was seen in those who received moderate level of education and those residing in rural areas. In female smokers, the highest incidence was seen in those residing in urban areas (53.8%) with a high level of education (38.4%). We found that males continued their habit mainly to destress while females used it to socialize. Majority of the participants were aware that smoking causes a host of problems in the oral cavity and 68.18% were aware that passive smoking was injurious to the body. Most of the responders admitted to having observed warnings on tobacco products and were willing to quit the habit with help from their dentists. Conclusion: Smokers are at risk for various diseases that include the cardiovascular, respiratory and reproductive systems as well as the oral cavity. This study sheds light on the level of awareness among current tobacco users and the areas of deficiency in patient education which should be addressed by clinicians.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

23

Wakefield, M., L. Roberts und N. Owen. „Trends in prevalence and acceptance of workplace smoking bans among indoor workers in South Australia“. Tobacco Control 5, Nr. 3 (01.09.1996): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.5.3.205.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

24

Havard, Alys, Duong T. Tran, Anna Kemp-Casey, Kristjana Einarsdóttir, David B. Preen und Louisa R. Jorm. „Tobacco policy reform and population-wide antismoking activities in Australia: the impact on smoking during pregnancy“. Tobacco Control 27, Nr. 5 (04.08.2017): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053715.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

IntroductionThis study examined the impact of antismoking activities targeting the general population and an advertising campaign targeting smoking during pregnancy on the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodsMonthly prevalence of smoking during pregnancy was calculated using linked health records for all pregnancies resulting in a birth (800 619) in NSW from 2003 to 2011. Segmented regression of interrupted time series data assessed the effects of the extension of the ban on smoking in enclosed public places to include licensed premises (evaluated in combination with the mandating of graphic warnings on cigarette packs), television advertisements targeting smoking in the general population, print and online magazine advertisements targeting smoking during pregnancy and increased tobacco tax. Analyses were conducted for all pregnancies, and for the population stratified by maternal age, parity and socioeconomic status. Further analyses adjusted for the effect of the Baby Bonus maternity payment.ResultsPrevalence of smoking during pregnancy decreased from 2003 to 2011 overall (0.39% per month), and for all strata examined. For pregnancies overall, none of the evaluated initiatives was associated with a change in the trend of smoking during pregnancy. Significant changes associated with increased tobacco tax and the extension of the smoking ban (in combination with graphic warnings) were found in some strata.ConclusionsThe declining prevalence of smoking during pregnancy between 2003 and 2011, while encouraging, does not appear to be directly related to general population antismoking activities or a pregnancy-specific campaign undertaken in this period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

25

Blyton, Greg. „Smoking Kills“. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, Nr. 2 (01.06.2010): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i2.48.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

This paper brings to the reader‟s attention a history of tobacco smoking that arguably had a negative effect on the health of Aboriginal communities in the Hunter region of central eastern New South Wales during the early colonial contact period from 1800 to 1850. Furthermore, it will also be shown that tobacco was used by colonists to engage the services of Aboriginal people, not only in Aboriginal communities in the Hunter region, but further afield across many other frontiers of colonial expansion in Australia in the 19th century. It will be demonstrated through primary archival and secondary sources that colonists utilised tobacco as a coercive agent to appease, befriend, pacify, coerce and remunerate Aboriginal People, resulting in widespread addiction. It is argued that tobacco smoking not only undermined the health of traditional communities, but also this unhealthy habit has been largely overlooked in measurements of the impact of colonization on the health of Indigenous people. While historians widely acknowledge that exotic diseases such as smallpox had a negative effect on the health of Aboriginal People, it is rarely considered in contemporary historical accounts that tobacco had an even more insidious effect on the well being of Aboriginal societies during the early colonial contact period. Furthermore, while diseases such as smallpox have hopefully disappeared forever, health destroyers like tobacco have endured and continue to impact on Aboriginal health. Finally, this paper recognises the enormity of challenges faced by health authorities, and indeed Indigenous Australians, in contemporary society in combating a chronic problem that has been embedded in Aboriginal post-colonial culture during the long course of European occupation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

26

Roche, Ann M., Jane Fischer, Carmel McCarthy und Allan Trifonoff. „Patrons’ views about smoking in outdoor areas of licensed premises in South Australia: a pilot study“. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 38, Nr. 5 (28.08.2014): 491–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12217.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

27

Gould, Gillian S., und Tracey Watters. „Are Single-session Smoking Cessation Groups a Feasible Option for Rural Australia? – Outcomes From a Pilot Study“. Journal of Smoking Cessation 10, Nr. 2 (19.03.2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2014.4.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Introduction: Single-session group smoking cessation interventions have received little attention in the literature.Aims: This study aimed to test the feasibility and outcomes of a single-session large group smoking cessation intervention in a rural area of New South Wales.Methods: Participants from a smoking cessation course (N = 42) were asked about cigarette consumption, quit attempts, and readiness and confidence to quit at registration and six months. The two-hour intervention occurred in a group setting and comprised of cognitive behaviour therapy and pharmacotherapy advice.Results: The analysis revealed a 26.2% (N = 11) quit rate based on self-report and/or carbon monoxide validation at 6 months (intention to treat). Those who quit all used pharmacotherapy: eight (73%) Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT); two (18%) varenicline and one (9%) bupropion with NRT. Seven people (17%) used medicines to reduce consumption of cigarettes. A paired samples t test of those still smoking showed a statistically significant decrease in the numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (p<.001).Conclusion: The quit rate of 26.2% from this large single-session smoking cessation course is comparable to that expected from groups having multiple sessions. As a pilot study, these data suggest that a multi-faceted single-session two-hour smoking cessation intervention can successfully support quit attempts in a rural location.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

28

O'CONNOR, B. A., J. CARMAN, K. ECKERT, G. TUCKER, R. GIVNEY und S. CAMERON. „Does using potting mix make you sick? Results from a Legionella longbeachae case-control study in South Australia“. Epidemiology and Infection 135, Nr. 1 (19.06.2006): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880600656x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

A case-control study was performed in South Australia to determine if L. longbeachae infection was associated with recent handling of commercial potting mix and to examine possible modes of transmission. Twenty-five laboratory-confirmed cases and 75 matched controls were enrolled between April 1997 and March 1999. Information on underlying illness, smoking, gardening exposures and behaviours was obtained by telephone interviews. Recent use of potting mix was associated with illness (OR 4·74, 95% CI 1·65–13·55, P=0·004) in bivariate analysis only. Better predictors of illness in multivariate analysis included poor hand-washing practices after gardening, long-term smoking and being near dripping hanging flower pots. Awareness of a possible health risk with potting mix protected against illness. Results are consistent with inhalation and ingestion as possible modes of transmission. Exposure to aerosolized organisms and poor gardening hygiene may be important predisposing factors to L. longbeachae infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

29

McAuley, R. B., B. D. Bruce, I. S. Keay, S. Mountford, T. Pinnell und F. G. Whoriskey. „Broad-scale coastal movements of white sharks off Western Australia described by passive acoustic telemetry data“. Marine and Freshwater Research 68, Nr. 8 (2017): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16222.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Movements of 89 acoustically tagged subadult and adult white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) were monitored off the south and west coasts of Western Australia (WA) between December 2008 and May 2016 by a network of up to 343 passive acoustic receivers. In all, 290 inter-regional movements, totalling 185092km were recorded for 73 of these sharks. Estimated rates of movement in excess of 3kmh–1 (mean 1.7kmh–1; maximum 5.6kmh–1) were common, even over distances of thousands of kilometres. Detections indicated that white sharks may be present off most of the south and lower west coasts of WA throughout the year, although they are more likely to be encountered during spring and early summer and are least likely to be present during late summer and autumn. There was limited evidence of predictable return behaviour, seasonal movement patterns or coordination of the direction and timing of individual shark’s movements. Nevertheless, the data suggest that further analyses of movements in relation to ecological factors may be useful predictors of shark activity at local scales. It is hoped that these data may be useful for informing public safety initiatives aimed at mitigating the risks associated with human encounters with white sharks off the WA coast.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

30

Gannaway Dalton, C. Evelyn, Katherine A. Giles, Mark G. Rowan, Richard P. Langford, Thomas E. Hearon und J. Carl Fiduk. „Sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural evolution of minibasins and a megaflap formed during passive salt diapirism: The Neoproterozoic Witchelina diapir, Willouran Ranges, South Australia“. Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, Nr. 2 (20.02.2020): 165–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.9.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

ABSTRACT This study documents the growth of a megaflap along the flank of a passive salt diapir as a result of the long-lived interaction between sedimentation and halokinetic deformation. Megaflaps are nearly vertical to overturned, deep minibasin stratal panels that extend multiple kilometers up steep flanks of salt diapirs or equivalent welds. Recent interest has been sparked by well penetrations of unidentified megaflaps that typically result in economic failure, but their formation is also fundamental to understanding the early history of salt basins. This study represents one of the first systematic characterizations of an exposed megaflap with regards to sub-seismic sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural details. The Witchelina diapir is an exposed Neoproterozoic primary passive salt diapir in the eastern Willouran Ranges of South Australia. Flanking minibasin strata of the Top Mount Sandstone, Willawalpa Formation, and Witchelina Quartzite, exposed as an oblique cross section, record the early history of passive diapirism in the Willouran Trough, including a halokinetically drape-folded megaflap. Witchelina diapir offers a unique opportunity to investigate sedimentologic responses to the initiation and evolution of passive salt movement. Using field mapping, stratigraphic sections, petrographic analyses, correlation diagrams, and a quantitative restoration, we document depositional facies, thickness trends, and stratal geometries to interpret depositional environments, sequence stratigraphy, and halokinetic evolution of the Witchelina diapir and flanking minibasins. Top Mount, Willawalpa, and Witchelina strata were deposited in barrier-bar-complex to tidal-flat environments, but temporal and spatial variations in sedimentation and stratigraphic patterns were strongly influenced from the earliest stages by the passively rising Witchelina diapir on both regional (basinwide) and local minibasin scales. The salt-margin geometry was depositionally modified by an early erosional sequence boundary that exposed the Witchelina diapir and formed a salt shoulder, above which strata that eventually became the megaflap were subsequently deposited. This shift in the diapir margin and progressive migration of the depocenter began halokinetic rotation of flanking minibasin strata into a megaflap geometry, documenting a new concept in the understanding of deposition and deformation during passive diapirism in salt basins.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

31

Kim, H. Y., S. H. Lee, K. S. Chung, S. Y. Kim, E. Y. Kim, J. Y. Jung, M. S. Park, Y. S. Kim, J. Chang und Y. A. Kang. „Relationship between smoking and spontaneously healed pulmonary TB on chest radiography in a South Korean population“. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 23, Nr. 11 (01.11.2019): 1142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.18.0382.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

SETTING: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a national, population-based, cross-sectional surveillance programme.OBJECTIVE: 1) To investigate the prevalence of spontaneously healed pulmonary tuberculosis (SHPTB) on chest radiographs (CXRs) in South Korea, as well as its demographic and clinical associations, and 2) to determine the relationship between SHPTB and smoking.DESIGN: People with normal findings on CXRs (n = 24 190) and those with SHPTB (n = 1863) were compared in univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses with respect to smoking and demographic and clinical factors.RESULTS: The prevalence of SHPTB was 7.2%. The proportion of patients with SHPTB tended to be higher in males, people of older age, ever smokers, as well as people with low body mass index and low education level. In bivariate analysis, after adjustments for age and sex, SHPTB was found more often among ex-smokers (P = 0.005) and current smokers (P = 0.024) than in non-smokers. Multivariate analyses revealed increased relative odds for SHPTB with increased age (P < 0.001), male sex (P < 0.001) and ex-smoker status (P = 0.016). Passive smoking was also significantly associated with SHPTB (P = 0.022).CONCLUSION: In addition to increasing the risk of active TB and negatively affecting the outcome of TB treatment, smoking is also associated with SHPTB, as detected on CXRs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

32

Dassanayake, Jayantha, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Lyle Gurrin, Vijaya Sundararajan und Warren R. Payne. „Are immigrants at risk of heart disease in Australia? A systematic review“. Australian Health Review 33, Nr. 3 (2009): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090479.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to establish the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among immigrants in Australia and whether being an immigrant is a CVD risk factor. Of 23 studies identified, 12 were included. Higher prevalence of CVD was found among Middle Eastern, South Asian and some European immigrants. Higher prevalence of CVD risk factors was found among Middle Eastern and Southern European immigrants. Higher alcohol consumption was found among immigrants from New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Smoking and physical inactivity were highly prevalent among most immigrants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

33

Chandra, Meena, Anthea Duri und Mitchell Smith. „Prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in 35- to 44-year-old humanitarian arrivals to New South Wales (NSW), Australia“. Australian Journal of Primary Health 25, Nr. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18042.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in humanitarian arrivals to Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) with the Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations aged 35–44 years. Data on risk factors collected from 237 refugees presenting to the NSW Refugee Health Service (RHS) from January 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively analysed and compared with data from the Australian Health Surveys, 2011–13 for the Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian populations. This study found significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=3; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); hypertension (z=3.2; 95% CI, 0.17–0.29); and smoking (z=3.5; 95% CI, 0.27–0.33) in refugees compared with the general Australian population. The Indigenous population had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (z=4; 95% CI, 0.16–0.26); body mass indexes (BMIs) (z=3.3; 95% CI 0.58–0.72); and smoking (z=5.4; 95 CI 0.27–0.33) compared with refugees. Based on the study findings, screening for chronic disease risk factors from age 35 years may be warranted in all humanitarian arrivals to Australia, along with dietary and lifestyle advice.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

34

MOHSIN, M., A. E. BAUMAN und B. JALALUDIN. „THE INFLUENCE OF ANTENATAL AND MATERNAL FACTORS ON STILLBIRTHS AND NEONATAL DEATHS IN NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA“. Journal of Biosocial Science 38, Nr. 5 (11.07.2005): 643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200502701x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

This study identified the influences of maternal socio-demographic and antenatal factors on stillbirths and neonatal deaths in New South Wales, Australia. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of selected antenatal and maternal characteristics with stillbirths and neonatal deaths. The findings of this study showed that stillbirths and neonatal deaths significantly varied by infant sex, maternal age, Aboriginality, maternal country of birth, socioeconomic status, parity, maternal smoking behaviour during pregnancy, maternal diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension, antenatal care, plurality of birth, low birth weight, place of birth, delivery type, maternal deaths and small gestational age. First-born infants, twins and infants born to teenage mothers, Aboriginal mothers, those who smoked during the pregnancy and those of lower socioeconomic status were at increased risk of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. The most common causes of stillbirths were conditions originating in the perinatal period: intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia. Congenital malformations, including deformities and chromosomal abnormalities, and disorders related to slow fetal growth, short gestation and low birth weight were the most common causes of neonatal deaths. The findings indicate that very low birth weight (less than 2000 g) contributed 75·6% of the population-attributable risks to stillbirths and 59·4% to neonatal deaths. Low gestational age (less than 32 weeks) accounted for 77·7% of stillbirths and 87·9% of neonatal deaths. The findings of this study suggest that in order to reduce stillbirths and neonatal deaths, it is essential to include strategies to predict and prevent prematurity and low birth weight, and that there is a need to focus on anti-smoking campaigns during pregnancy, optimizing antenatal care and other healthcare programmes targeted at the socially disadvantaged populations identified in this study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

35

Gupta, Sabrina, Rosalie Aroni, Siobhan Lockwood, Indra Jayasuriya und Helena Teede. „South Asians and Anglo Australians with heart disease in Australia“. Australian Health Review 39, Nr. 5 (2015): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14254.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Objectives The aim of the present study was to determine cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and compare presentation and severity of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) among South Asians (SAs) and Anglo Australians (AAs). Methods A retrospective clinical case audit was conducted at a public tertiary hospital. The study population included SA and AA patients hospitalised for IHD. Baseline characteristics, evidence of diabetes and other CVD risk factors were recorded. Angiography data were also included to determine severity, and these were assessed using a modified Gensini score. Results SAs had lower mean (± s.d.) age of IHD presentation that AAs (52 ± 9 vs 55 ± 9 years, respectively; P = 0.02), as well as a lower average body mass index (BMI; 26 ± 4 vs 29 ± 6 kg/m2, respectively; P = 0.005), but a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (57% vs 31%, respectively; P = 0.001). No significant differences were found in coronary angiography parameters. There were no significant differences in the median (interquartile range) Gensini score between SAs and AAs (43.5 (27–75) vs 44 (26.5–68.5), respectively), median vessel score (1 (1–2) vs 2 (1–3), respectively) or multivessel score (37% (33/89) vs 54% (22/41), respectively). Conclusions The findings show that in those with established IHD, cardiovascular risk factors, such as age at onset and BMI, differ between SAs and AAs and these differences should be considered in the prevention and management of IHD. What is known about the topic? There is much evidence on CVD and SAs, it being a leading cause of mortality and morbidity for this population both in their home countries and in countries they have migrated to. Studies conducted in Western nations other than Australia have suggested a difference in the risk profiles and presentations of CVD among SA migrants compared with the host populations in developed countries. Although this pattern of cardiovascular risk factors among SAs has been well documented, there is insufficient knowledge about this population, currently the largest population of incoming migrants, and CVD in the Australian setting. What does this paper add? This paper confirms that a similar pattern of CVD exists in Australia among SAs as does in other Western nations they have migrated to. The CVD pattern found in this population is that of an earlier age of onset at lower BMI compared with the host AA population, as well as a differing cardiovascular risk profile, with higher rates of type 2 diabetes and lower smoking rates. In addition, this study finds similar angiographic results for both the SAs and AAs; however, the SAs exhibit these similar angiographic patterns at younger ages. What are the implications for practitioners? SAs in Australia represent a high cardiovascular risk group and should be targeted for more aggressive screening at younger ages. Appropriate preventative strategies should also be considered bearing in mind the differing risk factors for this population, namely low BMI and high rates of type 2 diabetes. More intensive treatment strategies should also be regarded by practitioners. Importantly, both policy makers and health professionals must consider that all these strategies should be culturally targeted and tailored to this population and not assume a ‘one-size fits all’ approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

36

Warren, Victoria E., Rochelle Constantine, Michael Noad, Claire Garrigue und Ellen C. Garland. „Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand“. Royal Society Open Science 7, Nr. 11 (November 2020): 201084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201084.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia and New Caledonia (2015–2017). Singing northbound whales migrated past New Zealand from June to August via the east coast of the South Island and Cook Strait. Few song detections were made along the east coast of the North Island. New Zealand song matched New Caledonia song, suggesting a migratory destination, but connectivity to East Australia could not be ruled out. Two song types were present in New Zealand, illustrating the potential for easterly song transmission from East Australia to New Caledonia in this shared migratory corridor. This study enhances our understanding of western South Pacific humpback whale breeding population connectivity, and provides novel insights into the dynamic transmission of song culture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

37

Sarmili, Lili. „OPENING STRUCTURE OF THE BONE BASIN ON SOUTH SULAWESI IN RELATION TO PROCESS OF SEDIMENTATION“. BULLETIN OF THE MARINE GEOLOGY 30, Nr. 2 (15.02.2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32693/bomg.30.2.2015.79.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Sulawesi Island is situated on the three major plates, namely the Indo-Australian plate together with Continent Australia (Australian Craton) plate moves towards the North - Northeast and crust Pacific - Philippines moves towards the West - Northwest, causing the collision with the Eurasian plate (Sunda Land) which more passive or stable. The Bone basin is located between South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi arms. This basin is formed by several fault system, such as, Walanae, Palukoro, West and East Bone faults and others. Several active faults are likely to be extended each other into the openings structure and characterized by the accumulation of young sediment in the Bone basin. Keywords: Sulawesi, collision Bone basin, faults, sedimentation Pulau Sulawesi merupakan tempat pertemuan antara tiga lempeng besar, yaitu lempeng Indo-Australia bersama-sama dengan lempeng Benua Australia (Australian Craton) bergerak ke arah Utara - Timurlaut dan Kerak Pasifik - Filipina bergerak ke arah Barat - Baratlaut sehingga terjadi tumbukan dengan lempeng Eurasia (Daratan Sunda) lebih bersifat pasif atau diam. Secara geologi Cekungan Bone terletak diantara Lengan Sulawesi Selatan dan Lengan Sulawesi Tenggara. Cekungan ini terbentuk oleh beberapa sistem sesar yaitu sesar Walanae, Palukoro, Timur dan Barat Bone dan lainnya. Beberapa sesar aktif tersebut kemungkinannya saling tarik menarik menjadi struktur bukaan dan ditandai dengan adanya akumulasi sedimentasi muda di cekungan Bone. Kata kunci: Sulawesi, tumbukan, Cekungan Bone, Sesar, Sedimentasi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

38

Dono, Joanne, Jacqueline Bowden, Kerry Ettridge, David Roder und Caroline Miller. „Monitoring approval of new legislation banning smoking in children's playgrounds and public transport stops in South Australia: Table 1“. Tobacco Control 24, Nr. 5 (31.10.2014): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051825.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

39

WEN, Li M., Chris RISSEL, Judy M. SIMPSON, Eric LEE und Louise A. BAUR. „Maternal smoking, weight status and dietary behaviours during pregnancy: Findings from first-time mothers in south-west Sydney, Australia“. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 51, Nr. 1 (05.01.2011): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-828x.2010.01259.x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

40

Hahn, Lisa, Ashlee Rigby und Cherrie Galletly. „Determinants of high rates of smoking among people with psychosis living in a socially disadvantaged region in South Australia“. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 48, Nr. 1 (05.06.2013): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867413491158.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

41

Gould, Gillian S., Carl Holder, Christopher Oldmeadow und Maree Gruppetta. „Supports Used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women for Their Health, including Smoking Cessation, and a Baby’s Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey in New South Wales, Australia“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 21 (23.10.2020): 7766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217766.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

This study explored Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s use of supports for their general health, for smoking cessation, and the health of babies or children, and analyzed the women’s predictors for seeking types of support. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women were recruited for a cross-sectional survey in two regions of NSW N = 132. The 19-item survey questioned the likelihood that the participant would use the various supports for their health, to quit smoking, and for a baby or child’s health. Logistic regression analyses were performed on N = 98 with complete data. Older participants were less likely to use Facebook or the internet for their health, or the health of a child, but were more likely to consult with health professionals. Women who had quit smoking were less likely to use an app for their health compared to smokers. Women who had a child living in their household were less likely to use the internet for a child’s health. This community-based study revealed age-related differences for access to health services and differences according to smoking status. Patterns of internet and app use warrant further consideration when planning strategies to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and children’s health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

42

King, Svetlana M., Neil Welch und Larry Owens. „Serbian Stories of Translocation: Factors Influencing the Refugee Journey Arising from the Balkan Conflicts of the 1990s“. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, Nr. 1 (01.05.2010): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.61.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

AbstractThis qualitative study highlights the experiences of ten Serbian refugees who migrated to South Australia from former Yugoslavia as a result of the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s. Multiple semi-structured interviews were employed to examine participants' experiences before, during and after the conflicts. Eight stages of the refugee journey were identified: prewar peaceful co-existence, outbreak of war, fleeing towards refuge in Serbian-held territory, realisation that the pre-war life cannot be regained, dissatisfaction with the family's transition situation, decision and application to emigrate, migration and resettlement in Australia, and adaptation to life in Australia. A number of factors were found to influence each stage of the refugee journey (e.g., social, practical and health challenges, age, and negative Serbian stereotypes). From these findings, three adaptation patterns — active integration, passive integration, and segregation — were identified as specific to the participants in the current study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

43

Grzeskowiak, L. E., N. A. Hodyl, M. J. Stark, J. L. Morrison und V. L. Clifton. „Association of early and late maternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring body mass index at 4 to 5 years of age“. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, Nr. 6 (05.10.2015): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415007151.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The objective was to investigate the association between early and late maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring body mass index (BMI). We undertook a retrospective cohort study using linked records from the Women’s and Children’s Health Network in South Australia. Among a cohort of women delivering a singleton, live-born infants between January 2000 and December 2005 (n=7658), 5961 reported not smoking during pregnancy, 297 reported quitting smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy, and 1400 reported continued smoking throughout pregnancy. Trained nurses measured the height and weight of the children at preschool visits in a state-wide surveillance programme. The main outcome measure was age- and sex-specific BMI z-score. At 4 to 5 years, mean (s.d.) BMI z-score was 0.40 (1.05), 0.60 (1.07) and 0.65 (1.18) in children of mothers who reported never smoking, quitting smoking and continued smoking during pregnancy, respectively. Compared with the group of non-smokers, both quitting smoking and continued smoking were associated with an increase in child BMI z-score of 0.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.01–0.29) and 0.21 (0.13–0.29), respectively. A significant dose–response relationship was also observed between the number of cigarettes smoked per day on average during the second half of pregnancy and the increase in offspring BMI z-score (P<0.001). In conclusion, any maternal smoking in pregnancy, even if mothers quit, is associated with an increase in offspring BMI at 4 to 5 years of age.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

44

Miller, Caroline L., und Jacqueline A. Hickling. „Phased-in smoke-free workplace laws: reported impact on bar patronage and smoking, particularly among young adults in South Australia“. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 30, Nr. 4 (August 2006): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2006.tb00843.x.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

45

D'Onise, K., J. W. Lynch und R. A. McDermott. „Can attending preschool reduce the risk of tobacco smoking in adulthood? The effects of Kindergarten Union participation in South Australia“. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Nr. 12 (27.06.2010): 1111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2009.101840.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

46

Mertin, Peter, und George Wasyluk. „Incidence of Behavioural and Emotional Problems Amongst Primary School Children“. Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 7, Nr. 2 (November 1990): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200026146.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

In 1988 the report entitled “Interagency Responses to School Children with Social and Behavioural Problems” was released in South Australia. The investigation, chaired by Ms. Penny Stratmann, was asked to review the current provision of services for children of school age in South Australia who exhibit social and behavioural problems, and to examineinter alia, the extent of the problem.The report stated that the extent of the problem was difficult to assess in numerical terms because; (i) schools do not keep systematic records, (ii) identification of disruptive students is a matter of definition and attitude (some schools would identify student behaviour as disruptive which other schools may be able to prevent or contain), (iii) it is even harderto identify is the number of children whose response to problems is passive (they are often compliant, no trouble, not noticeable), and (iv) small numbers of disruptive students create a disproportionately large amount of havoc in schools and stress in teachers. (These outcomes are the most significant in their impact but the least measurable).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

47

Sasco, Annie J., und Harri Vainio. „From in utero and childhood exposure to parental smoking to childhood cancer: a possible link and the need for action“. Human & Experimental Toxicology 18, Nr. 4 (April 1999): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032799678839905.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

The objective ofthe present work is to critically summarize published studies and reassess the state of knowledge on a highly controversial topic: the potential association between prenatal exposure to passive smoking as well as maternal active smoking and postnatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and enhanced incidence of childhood cancer. Elements to be considered include the substantial proportion of pregnant women who remain smokers, the widespread nature of exposure to ETS during pregnancy as well as during childhood, the known toxicology of tobacco smoke, and in particular sidestream smoke, characterized by a rich carcinogen content, the specific metabolism of foetuses and new-borns and finally the amount of epidemiologic data already available. We conducted a thorough review of the literature to identify studies either exclusively dealing with the effects of passive smoking on the occurrence of childhood cancers or more generally etiologic studies of cancer, be it overall or site-specific. We identified close to 50 publications presenting pertinent results from epidemiological investigations and about 50 more on mechanisms and metabolism, smoking in pregnancy and exposure to ETS as well as selected reviews and commentaries. Collaborative epidemiological studies were conducted in the United Kingdom (UK), USA, Sweden, Netherlands and internationally (France, Italy). In addition, other studies were also available from the USA, UK, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Italy, Denmark and People' Republic of China. The vast majority were case-control studies dealing with all cancers, leukaemia and lymphomas, central nervous system (CNS) tumours, Wilms' tumour, retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, bone and soft tissues tumours, germ cell tumours, as well as specific histological types of leukaemias, lymphomas or CNS tumours. No strong association between maternal smoking in pregnancy and/or exposure to ETS and childhood cancer is found. Yet, several studies found slightly increased relative risks, generally smaller than 1.5, i.e. the order of magnitude associated with some recognized hazards of exposure to ETS (1.2 to 1.3 for adult lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases). Tumours most often found associated with maternal smoking in pregnancy or ETS exposure are childhood brain tumours and leukaemia-lymphoma, with risks up to two or greater in selected studies. In a few studies, risks associated with paternal smoking are higher than the maternal ones. This evidence from human studies coupled with demonstration ofgenotoxic effects on the foetus of exposure to metabolites of tobacco smoke, and demonstrable presence of adducts should lead to strong recommendations aiming at fully protecting foetuses, new-borns and infants from tobacco smoke.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

48

Ross, Joanne, Courtney Field, Sharlene Kaye und Julia Bowman. „Prevalence and correlates of low self-reported physical health status among prisoners in New South Wales, Australia“. International Journal of Prisoner Health 15, Nr. 2 (10.06.2019): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2018-0039.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence and predictors of low self-reported physical health status among NSW prison inmates. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional random sample of 1,098 adult male and female prisoners, interviewed as part of the 2015 Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network Patient Health Survey. Findings Almost a quarter of participants had “low self-reported physical health status”. Independent predictors of “low health status” were having been in out of home care before the age of 16 years, being illiterate, smoking 20 or more cigarettes a day, not eating more than one serve of fruit a day, not being physically active in the 12 months before incarceration, higher body mass index score and low self-reported mental health status. Many of these predictors are modifiable risk factors for chronic disease, which could be targeted during incarceration. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the utility of a using a single item measure of self-reported physical health status among Australian prisoners, and helps to characterise those prisoners in greatest need of intervention for issues relating to their health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

49

Tan, Benjamin L. L., Darryl W. Hawker, Jochen F. Müller, Frédéric D. L. Leusch, Louis A. Tremblay und Heather F. Chapman. „Comprehensive study of endocrine disrupting compounds using grab and passive sampling at selected wastewater treatment plants in South East Queensland, Australia“. Environment International 33, Nr. 5 (Juli 2007): 654–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2007.01.008.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

50

Bailey, Jacqueline M., Paula M. Wye, Emily A. Stockings, Kate M. Bartlem, Alexandra P. Metse, John H. Wiggers und Jennifer A. Bowman. „Smoking Cessation Care for People with a Mental Illness: Family Carer Expectations of Health and Community Services“. Journal of Smoking Cessation 12, Nr. 4 (22.11.2016): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2016.23.

Der volle Inhalt der Quelle

Annotation:

Introduction: Smoking prevalence remains high among people with a mental illness, contributing to higher levels of morbidity and mortality. Health and community services are an opportune setting for the provision of smoking cessation care. Although family carers are acknowledged to play a critical role in supporting the care and assistance provided by such services to people with a mental illness, their expectations regarding the delivery of smoking cessation care have not been examined.Aims: To explore family carer expectations of smoking cessation care provision by four types of health services, to clients with a mental illness, and factors associated with expectations.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with carers of a person with a mental illness residing in New South Wales, Australia. Carers were surveyed regarding their expectations of smoking cessation care provision from four types of health services. Possible associations between carer expectation of smoking cessation care provision and socio-demographic and attitudinal variables were explored.Results: Of 144 carers, the majority of carers considered that smoking cessation care should be provided by: mental health hospitals (71.4%), community mental health services (78.0%), general practice (82.7%), and non-government organisations (56.6%). The factor most consistently related to expectation of care was a belief that smoking cessation could positively impact mental health.Conclusions: The majority of carers expected smoking cessation treatment to be provided by all services catering for people with a mental illness, reinforcing the appropriateness for such services to provide smoking cessation care for clients in an effective and systematic manner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO und andere Zitierweisen

Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Passive smoking South Australia“

Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an