Dissertationen zum Thema „Passive participation“

Denna kvantitativa studies fokus är att mäta huruvida det finns positiva effekter av användandet av tjänstedesign inom arbetsmiljöarbete. Syftet för studien är att undersöka huruvida medarbetares upplevda känsla av delaktighet på arbetsplatsen påverkas av användandet av metoder inom tjänstedesign som problemlösningsmodell i arbetsmiljöarbete. För att besvara syftet har en enkät delats ut till deltagare inom projektet Experio WorkLab, och datan från enkäten har bearbetats i SPSS. För att analysera resultatet används Self Determination Theory, Human Resource Development och teorier om organisationskultur.  Resultatet visar att användandet av tjänstedesign som modell för arbetsmiljöarbete har en påverkan på den upplevda delaktigheten på arbetsplatsen. Studien ser en ökning i upplevd delaktighet både hos de som deltar aktivt och de som deltar passivt i projektet. Det framgår också i resultatet att även utbildningsgrad och ålder påverkar den upplevda delaktigheten. Det signifikanta resultatet är starkt både för de som deltar passivt och de som deltar aktivt vilket betyder att det finns mycket att vinna för organisationer att lära sig och börja tillämpa arbetsmiljöarbete med denna modell.
The focus of this quantitative study is to measure whether the use of service design as model for improving work environment yields positive results. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether employees' perceived sense of participation in the workplace is affected by the use of methods within service design as a problem-solving model in environmental work. To answer the purpose, a survey was distributed to participants within the project Experio WorkLab, and the data from the survey was processed in SPSS. To analyze the results, Self Determination Theory, Human Resource Development and theories of organizational culture are used.  The study's results show that the use of service design as a model for environmental work has an impact on the perceived participation in the workplace. The study sees an increase in perceived participation both among those who participate actively and those who participate passively in the project. It also appears from the results that the degree of education and age also affect the perceived participation. The result is strong both for those who participate passively and those who participate actively, which means that there is much to be gained for organizations to learn and start applying environmental work with this model.

Public space has been integral to city planning since Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Greek and Roman governmental structures were based on the idea of people coming together to discuss. The senators were the main speakers in the Forum, but the citizens would gather to listen or contribute. The architecture of this kind of public space was large, open, and able to accommodate everyone willing to attend. Both the Agora in Athens and the Forum in Rome included marketplaces and other public amenities which drew people to the public arena.¹ During Ancient Times, public gatherings were the only form of passing on information. Human contact and interaction was necessary, and people gained a civic sense from the live interaction and involvement with their fellow citizens. Everything was live, including entertainment. Live encounters were the media. In Contemporary American Culture, it is not necessary to have live dialog. Communication can be carried across various media, some of which include simultaneous audiovisual conversations. Public space and a civic sense has been lost to electronic media, and shopping space is the remaining public space.² Just as the marketplace drew people to the Agora and the Forum, shopping centers today draw people from their homes to common locations. The intent of this thesis is to explore design opportunities that would proactively address contemporary consumer culture. This passive consumer culture has eroded the "civic sense" of the past, and architecture can restore the "civic sense" by structuring opportunities for interaction between people that would not otherwise exist. This thesis will investigate the current situation in American culture, and research ways in which architecture can provide an intermediate venue between the public sense of the past (before electronic media) and the world of consumerism, convenience, and burgeoning technology. The power and efficiency of electronic media makes it a nearly irresistible cultural magnet. It simulates reality and can be combined with the intensity of live dialog and encounters to create a hybrid that will enhance contemporary culture.

This thesis explores the role and effectiveness of police authorities in connecting policing and the citizen and in increasing the citizen's involvement in the delivery of their policing service. The thesis examines: police authorities in the context of citizenship and in relation to accountability; and whether the operational function of law enforcement, the original charge of Keeping the Kings Peace and policing by consent - can work homogenously within a system characterised by both active and passive citizenry. Individual chapters discuss whether police authorities have sufficient power, whether the home secretary and chief constable have too much power, and the propensity of police authorities to demand answers and call the police service to account. As history shows, it is possible to have a police service carrying out policing functions in the absence of a police authority performing a scrutiny function; but it would be impossible to have a police authority without a police service. Therefore, the thesis argues that the added value, the relevance and the effectiveness of police authorities needs to be unambiguous.

Democracy is now a legitimate claim not only in the society but even in the classrooms. According to the 1994 Curriculum for the Non-Compulsory School System, Lpf 94 in Sweden, are all pupils in all types of schools ought to have a high level of possibilities to be able to influence their education. But many studies have led to unsatisfactory results about the actual situation in schools. Swedish students are critical of the limited opportunities they have in influencing their own learning process. This essay is only one among the many studies that have dealt with school democracy during the last 50 years. The aim is to study the real situation of students’ participation in a Swedish upper secondary school by asking students to answer a questionnaire about their experiences with the teachers and the school as a whole. The students are in their last year in upper secondary school and studies in different national programs: The Natural science, the social science and the child recreation. The results were, in much, the same as earlier studies had shown. Students still lack the opportunities of influencing their education especially in planning and the form of the teaching situations. They accuse the teachers to be traditional, authoritarian and unwilling to share their power with them. But on the other side the students, according to their answers, are passive and are unwilling to be active in the process of changing their situation. It is a situation that lacks all the requirements that the Swedish curriculum Lpf94 places on the schools. This may in the end lead to the fact that students may not be able to fulfill the goals as they have right to.

Magister Commercii - MCom
The purpose of this research study is to explore the variables that contribute to improving the process of recruiting and retaining rural doctors within the South African context. The aim is to explore rural doctors’ perceptions of the role which the rural community can and ought to play in respect of the latter process. A basic recognition is that the emphasis on the Mainstream Approach (which elevates health workforce planning and management as well as market-related interventions and solutions) cannot exclusively achieve the desired result of effective and efficient recruitment and retention of rural doctors. The ‘active’ role which communities can and ought to play in the recruitment/ retention process, is an overlooked and neglected aspect within the South African research and healthcare service-delivery context. Even though the notion of collaborative management and governance of human resources within the health sector is generally mandated from a policy and legislative perspective, the practical manifestation and implementation thereof remain limited or at best piece-meal. An alternative governance model with reference to the humanresources- in-health system outlines the Partnership Approach advocating the need for the establishment of practical working relationships, amongst an identified range of multiple-stakeholders. This study examines the notions of ‘passive’ vis-à-vis ‘active’ community participation equated to the Utilitarian and Community Empowerment/ Development Perspectives continuum. The study introduces the ‘Principle of Balancing Model’ as well as the notion of a ‘hybrid perspective’ as key underpinnings of an efficacious rural-doctor recruitment and retention process.

This thesis provides a study of an open source software project that focuses on the software development of an e-service in a municipal context. The focus is on environmental factors that either limit or promote the motivation to participate in the open source project, the "Parent-Teacher Meeting" project, a web-based communication and information channel whose purpose is to enhance the contacts between schools and parents. The empirical context is situated at the point where traditional information systems (IS) development meets new perspectives regarding organizational structures and boundaries and, as such, provides example of ongoing cross-organizational activities that break current local organizational standards. The objective of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of motivational factors for participation and adopts a sociocultural view on the topic motivation to participate. The empirical material was collected through interviews, conversations, and meetings. Being a subproject (i.e. an initiative to develop an open source software application) within a triple helix project I found an extensive number of stakeholders. The choice was made to focus on the application development; thereby a central group of participants within the development project team was found and these became the focus within the study. Moreover, I have, in this thesis, chosen to conduct a contextual description of the participants and the course of events that lead to the start of the project of study. This has been done so as to present the context, which is the focus for this study, to the reader and to be able to use these descriptions within the analysis. I have, methodologically, approached the problem from a descriptive angle with an interpretative character using a qualitative case study design. Within the thesis, the means by which the case study has been conducted is presented; i.e. the decision regarding research focus, design, and my role as researcher. In relation to the data collection, the main source has been semi-structured interviews, which is consistent with an interpretive case study character and in which my intent is to highlight conditions and events that are important to both groups within the development team. To support the investigation of those factors that can explain and assist with the interpretation of my empirical data, my description and interpretations are built on a theoretical framework based on concepts from IS theories and theories relating to human motivation. The framework, self-determination theory (SDT), is used as a lens to direct the focus onto the situated conditions that influence how individuals experience their participation within the software development project. Given the theoretical basis of an analytical comparison of ideal types of software development constructs, together with influences from motivational theories, the analytical framework used for collecting occurrences of motivational behavior and sociocultural conditions has been constructed. After the findings and my interpretation of them with the assistance of my analytical framework have been presented, a discussion and conclusions are then detailed. The conclusions of the study are argued as being relevant as an explanation for the understanding of intrinsic and internalized extrinsic motivation to participate in a hybrid open source projects. The study contributes to our understanding of some of the challenges that are to be considered when putting together and managing systems or software development processes. In this way, the study may provide some basis for improving and meeting new demands regarding how development is adopted in a mixed scenario and this provides valuable knowledge to both practice and IS research.
Grunden för denna avhandling är en studie av ett öppen källkodsutvecklingsprojekt av en kommunal e-tjänst. Fokus ligger på ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på kontextuella faktorer vilka endera hindrar eller främjar motivation för deltagande. Öppen källkodsprojektet ”Föräldramötet” är en webbaserad kommunikations- och informationskanal vars syfte är att öka och förbättra kontakten mellan hem och skola. Denna empiriska kontext är situerad i en punkt där traditionell IS-utveckling möter nya perspektiv på organisationsstrukturer och gränser samt därigenom ger exempel på pågående tvärorganisatoriska aktiviteter vilka bryter mot nuvarande interna organisationsstandarder. Målet för denna studie är att nå en djupare förståelse för deltagandets motivationsfaktorer och anammar ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på ämnet deltagandemotivation. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom intervjuer, konversationer samt möten. Då Föräldramötetprojektet är ett underprojekt i ett trippelhelixsammanhang visade det sig initialt finnas ett stort antal intressenter. Det gjordes ett val att fokusera på applikationsutvecklingen; genom vilket en central grupp av deltagare inom utvecklingsprojektet identifierades vilka kom att komma i fokus för denna studie. Vidare har jag i denna avhandling valt att göra en kontextuell beskrivning av deltagarna och den händelsekedja som lett fram till bildandet av det studerade projektet. Detta gjordes för att i enlighet med denna studies fokus belysa sammanhanget för läsaren samt för att använda den inom min analys. Jag har närmat mig problemet från en deskriptiv synvinkel med en tolkande karaktär användande mig av en kvalitativ fallstudiemetod. Inom avhandlingen beskrivs tillvägagångssättet för fallstudiens utförande, t.ex. hur beslut fattats angående forskningsfokus, fallstudiedesign och vad min roll som forskare inneburit. I relation till datainsamlingen, har den huvudsakliga källan varit halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa har varit i konsekvens med en uttolkande fallstudiemetod och har i enlighet med min avsikt utformats för att belysa villkor och händelser som har varit betydande för bägge grupperingarna inom projektgruppen. För att stödja undersökningen av de faktorer som kan förklara och hjälpa med tolkningen av mina empiriska data, har jag byggt mina beskrivningar och tolkningar på ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på koncept från IS-teorier och teorier relaterade till mänsklig motivation. Det teoretiska ramverket ”self-determination theory” (SDT), används som en lins för att rikta brännpunkten mot de villkor som styr hur individer upplever deras deltagande inom det studerade mjukvaruutvecklingsprojektet. Givet den teoretiska bas, som bygger på analytisk karaktärisering av idealtyper av mjukvaruutvecklingsmodeller sammantaget med influenser från motivationsteorier, har ett analytiskt ramverk, för att inhämta instanser av motiverat beteende och sociokulturella villkor, utvecklats. Efter att ha redogjort för upptäckterna och mina tolkningar av dem, med hjälp av mitt analytiska ramverk, presenteras en detaljerad diskussion med slutsatser. Jag argumenterar för att dessa slutsatser är relevanta som en förklaring för förståelsen av inre samt internaliserad yttre motivation för deltagande inom detta öppen källkodsprojekt av hybridnatur. Studien bidrar till vår förståelse för vissa av de utmaningar som måste beaktas när man ska hantera system eller utvecklingsprocesser. På detta sätt kan studien bidra med en bas för att förbättra och möta nya krav på hur utveckling bedrivs i blandade miljöer och även med kunskap för både praktik och IS-forskning.
PECOI

It is often assumed that medieval laypeople did not understand or follow the Latin church services they routinely attended. This thesis re-examines the role of the laity in medieval devotions and argues that careful attention to manuscripts reveals multi-layered levels of understanding and approaches to doctrine and the liturgy across lay and religious communities. It investigates the inter-relationship of literary text and its placement within the material manuscript, closely considering the ways in which word and image inform and illuminate each other. Sometimes these devotions take the form of Passion prayers adapted from the liturgy, such as the understudied vernacular translations of the early fourteenth-century hymn to the cross, Patris Sapiencia, and Anglo-Norman and English Mass Prayers. This thesis demonstrates that the placement of these prayers in medieval books reveals that they were intended actively to be read by the laity as they followed the vernacular alongside the Latin of medieval services. Other devotions take the form of lyric verse for private use. Placing these devotions in their proper contexts in laypeople’s medieval books reveals their theological depth, especially regarding lay understanding of and response to the doctrine of the atonement.

Controlled foreign company ('CFC') legislation was introduced in phases to co-incide with South Africa?s move from a source based system to a residence based system. Initially with the introduction of the legislation it was directed at those foreign entities earning passive income. However, over the years the legislation has been amended to include active income of entities and additional aspects to the section have been inserted to provide clarity for taxpayers. An increase in cross border transactions and offshore investment has necessitated the need to introduce CFC legislation into the revenue codes of many countries, South Africa being one of them. In most revenue codes where CFC or similar legislation has been introduced it is one of the most complex areas in a country's revenue code (Sandler, 1998:23). This mini-dissertation aims to interpret section 9D and also aims to provide guidance on its application in practice with the help of practical examples and reference to relevant international case law. The end result of this research is a proposed interpretation note on section 9D which is attached as Appendix 1.
Thesis (M.Com. (Tax))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

This study has developed a tool for explaining why employees fail to speak up with regard to work related criticism; there is a hidden policy of silence that teaches employees to remain silent. This hidden policy is here designated as the "Curriculum Silentium" and is described in detail on the basis of empirical and theoretical data. After identifying a gap between the intentionally and experienced policy for employees freedom of speech in organizations I suggest that there are on-going unofficial, partially hidden learning processes in the organizations. The overall research question is; How does the Curriculum Silentium; the hidden policy of silence among employees, look like?  I make an analytic construction of the hidden policy as if it were planned policy, using the didactic categories applicable to organizations. These didactic categories are: goals, content, teaching strategies and the motivation of employees. The empirical data was collected in three different organizations: an elementary school, a home for the elderly and a factory in the process industry, using qualitative methods such as interviews and observation. The theoretical foundation of the study is taken from existing theory within the field of work life research and educational science. The study is not a comparative study of the three organizations, but does involve a comparison of whether and how the Curriculum Silentium is expressed in three such different organizations. The challenge of examining hidden relationships in organizations was met through the development of guidelines for an analytical approach called a critical didactic relations analysis. The study concludes that a hidden policy of silence resembling that presented here exists in organizations where employees fail to voice working life related criticism.

Environ 3500 conseils d’enfants et de jeunes interviennent aujourd’hui auprès des collectivitéslocales en France. Initiée dans les années 60 et 70, cette forme d’implication et d’engagement s’estconsidérablement développée au point de devenir un vecteur important de la participation des jeunes, unvecteur de transmission et d’éducation aux valeurs de l’engagement, de l’action publique locale et de lacitoyenneté.Peu d’investigations, pourtant, sont allées ausculter, de l’intérieur, dans les assemblées plénières, dans lesgroupes de travail, la manière dont se déroulent ces échanges. C’est ce que cette recherche s’est proposé deréaliser.Le travail présenté ici repose sur une observation d’environ neuf mois d’un conseil de jeunes et plusspécifiquement d’un groupe de travail de ce conseil. Ce sont les modalités de décision, au sein du groupeValorisation, qui ont servies de base à une analyse qualitative. Comment se prennent les décisions entre lesjeunes et les animateurs du dispositif ? Quelle part les jeunes ont-ils dans ces prises de décision ? Si les jeunesimpliqués (étudiant d’environ 22 ou 23 ans pour la plupart) sont bien inscrits dans un rôle de décision par lacollectivité qui les accueille, la recherche montre une réalité beaucoup plus nuancée. Sur la durée, laparticipation se révèle évolutive et inégale. Dans le quotidien, les jeux d’acteurs, l’humour, le poids del’institution…, se révèlent des déterminants importants des prises de décision.Au final de cette navigation dans un univers de projet collectif, malgré une bonne foi affichée, la collectivitésemble pouvoir atteindre le pont d’arrivé qu’elle s’était fixé. Elle propose ainsi aux jeunes impliqués un espacede participation relativement restreint, dans lequel la revendication d’autonomie ne tarde pas à poindre
Approximately 3500 councils of children and youth councils take actions with local authorities inFrance today. Introduced in the 60s and 70s, this form of implication and commitment has considerablydeveloped. It became an important vehicle for the participation of the young people, a vehicle for transmissionand education in the values of the commitment, the local public service and the citizenship.Few investigations, nevertheless, went to examine, from the inside, in plenary meetings and in working groups,the way these exchanges are taking place. It is what is studied in this research.The work presented here is based on an observation, about nine months of a youth council and morespecifically a workgroup of this council. The modalities of decision, in the group Valuation, were used as a baseto a qualitative analysis. How are decisions, between the young people and the facilitators of the device, taken? What part do they have in this decision-making ? If the involved young people (students about 22 or 23 yearsold for the most part) are well registered in a role of decision by the community that hosted them, the researchshows a far more nuanced reality. The participation is evolutionary and uneven on duration. In everyday life,actors' sets, humour, weight of the institution, are shown to be important determinants of decision-making.In the end of this browsing in a universe of collective project, despite a displayed good faith, the communityseems to achieve the arrival bridge it had set. It is thus proposed to the involved young people, a relativelyrestricted space for participation, in which the demand for autonomy is not long in appearing

Cette thèse porte sur l’implication du mineur victime en droit international pénal. L’enfant est l’une des principales victimes des crimes internationaux tels le génocide, le crime de guerre, le crime contre l’humanité et le crime d’agression. Dans son rôle de lutte contre l’impunité, la Cour pénale internationale a la charge d’enquêter, poursuivre et juger les principaux responsables de ces crimes. Or l’enfant n’est pas une victime comme toute les autres ; il est spécifique. Les crimes qui sont commis sur un enfant s’inscrivent dans le long terme en raison de la fragilité de l’enfant. Par ailleurs, il est également sujet à des formes d’utilisations spécifiques comme l’enfant soldat. Cependant, force est de constater que de nombreuses formes d’utilisations sont inconnues. Cette thèse fait l’inventaire des différentes utilisations en proposant un réaménagement du Statut de Rome afin de faire correspondre le droit aux réalités factuelles et contemporaines. Par ailleurs, lorsqu’un enfant est victimes, sa voix n’est que peu entendue par cette juridiction internationale. Ainsi, cette thèse explique les lacunes du droit processuel international tout en proposant des aménagements et des solutions afin de permettre à l’enfant d’être entendue, écouter et surtout d’être réparer. L’enfant victime développant de nombreux traumatismes physique et psychologique, il appartiendra alors de le soigner et le réparer par l’intermédiaire de programmes de réparation mise en œuvre par la Cour et ses organes
This thesis deals with the involvement of the minor victim in international criminal law. The child is one of the main victims of international crimes such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression. In its role of fighting impunity, the International Criminal Court has the responsibility to investigate, prosecute and judge those responsible for these crimes. Now the child is not a victim like all the others; It is specific. The crimes committed on a child are of its time because of the fragility of the child. It is also subject to specific forms of use, such as child soldier. However, many forms of use are unknown. This thesis takes stock of the different uses by proposing a rearrangement of the Rome Statute in order to match the law to factual and contemporary realities.Moreover, when a child is a victim, his voice is not heard very much by this international court. Otherwise, this thesis explains the shortcomings of international procedural law while proposing adjustments and solutions in order to allow the child to be heard, listen and above all to be repaired. As the child victim develops numerous physical and psychological traumas, it will then be necessary to treat and repair it through reparation programs implemented by the Court and its organs

Tese de Mestrado em Arquitectura com a especialização em Planeamento Urbano e Territorial
A temática do projecto final de mestrado trata o tema “Menos Carbono, Mais Energias Renováveis”, na perspectiva da integração das preocupações ambientais no desenho do espaço da cidade. O projecto tem como propósito o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de reabilitação urbana do Bairro do Alto da Cova da Moura. Esta intervenção tem por base a uma reflexão sobre o processo de exclusão no espaço da cidade, com especial incidência no papel do espaço na produção da exclusão, assim como a identificação/ apropriação do espaço público na reabilitação urbana. A questão da identidade, do direito ao espaço da cidade e o seu papel na reabilitação do espaço, no contexto de um mundo globalizado, põe em evidência as características locais, as diferenças de ocupação, utilização de elementos urbanos e a sua adequação ao clima e cultura da região. O elemento Pátio surge nesta investigação pelo seu papel articulador no espaço e sociedades mediterrânicas. No caso da Cova da Moura a diferença que caracteriza a apropriação do espaço, costumes e origens, reflecte-se de forma negativa no acesso a equipamentos e serviços ou direitos de cidadania e segurança, no acesso ao espaço. Assim o limite do bairro caracteriza-se pela impossibilidade de o penetrar. Torna-se necessário que o projecto urbano estabeleça comunicação entre o Bairro e a sua Envolvente, dilua este sentimento de estar fora ou dentro do bairro, sem destruir a identidade e vivência que o caracterizam.
The master's final project thematic treats the theme “Less Carbon, More Renewable Energy”, focusing the integration of environmental concerns in the design of the city space. The project aims to develop a proposal for urban rehabilitation of Bairro Alto da Cova da Moura. This intervention is based on a reflection of the exclusion process within the city, with particular emphasis on the space role in the production of exclusion, as well as, on the identification / appropriation of public space in urban regeneration. The identity question, the right to the city space, and its role in urban regeneration, in a globalized world context, highlights the local characteristics, occupation differences, use of urban elements and their suitability to the climate and culture of the region. The Courtyard element appears in this investigation dued to its role in articulation of the space and in the Mediterranean societies. In case of Cova da Moura, the differences that characterizes the space appropriation, customs and origins, are reflected negatively on the access to the equipments and services, or on the citizenship rights and security to access the space. Thus, the neighborhood boundary is characterized by the inability to penetrate it. It is necessary that the urban project establishes communication between the Neighborhood and its Surroundings, diluting the feeling of being inside or outside the neighborhood, without destroying the identity and the experiences that characterize it.

À La Réunion, les activités de pleine nature sont au cœur d'enjeux environnementaux importants. De plus en plus, ces activités sont présentées comme des pratiques passionnées. Selon le type de passion, l'engagement dans l'activité est différent et le degré d'ouverture à la nature et à l'environnement pourrait être impacté. En ce sens, la passion pourrait être un facteur clé dans le développement d'un pro-environnementalisme à la suite de la pratique de ces activités. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le rôle de la passion pour une activité de pleine nature sur l'affiliation à la nature et le conflit vis-à-vis de la protection de l'environnement et leur influence sur la motivation environnementale, tout en soulignant le rôle des émotions et de l'attachement au lieu comme médiateurs
In La Réunion, outdoor activities are at the core of environmental issues. Increasingly, these activities are presented as passionate practice. According to the kind of passion, engagement in the activity is different and the degree of opening to nature and environment would be impacted. Therefore, passion could be a key factor in pro-environmentalism development following outdoor activities practice. The objective of this thesis is to study the role of passion for outdoor activity on nature affiliation and conflict toward environmental protection and their influence on environmental motivation, while emphasizing the role of emotions and place attachment as mediators

Cette étude qualitative porte sur la participation sociale des jeunes adultes vivant avec un TSA, dont le profil réfère à un haut niveau de fonctionnement ou au syndrome d’Asperger. De nos jours, plusieurs adultes autistes reçoivent des services en soutien à leur intégration dans la société. Par contre, des experts mettent en lumière la présence d’inadéquations entre leurs besoins et les services reçus, ce qui nuit à l’exercice d’une participation sociale pleine et entière. À cet égard, 11 jeunes adultes âgés de 19 à 32 ans ont été interrogés sur ce qui facilite et ce qui fait obstacle à leur participation sociale. Les entrevues semi-dirigées ont ensuite été retranscrites et une analyse de contenu mixte a été réalisée grâce au logiciel NVivo 11. Le cadre théorique choisi, soit le Modèle du développement humain - Processus de production du handicap (MDH-PHH 2), a permis de guider l’analyse des données. Les résultats permettent de mettre en lumière les points de vue des personnes sur les obstacles et facilitateurs rencontrés dans l’atteinte de leurs objectifs de participation sociale. Les relations interpersonnelles, l’éducation et le travail ressortent comme étant des éléments importants pour la participation sociale des répondants. Ils semblent vivre certains facilitateurs, mais aussi plusieurs obstacles qui portent atteinte à l’exercice d’une participation sociale entièrement satisfaisante. De plus, les participants se sont exprimés sur les services reçus, lesquels peuvent être mal adaptés ou faciliter leurs besoins de participation sociale. Les perspectives pour le développement de services et pour la recherche dans le domaine de l’autisme sont aussi discutées dans la visée de mieux soutenir l’exercice de la participation sociale des adultes présentant un TSA, dont le profil réfère à un haut niveau de fonctionnement ou au syndrome d’Asperger. Mots-clés : étude qualitative, participation sociale, trouble du spectre de l’autisme, syndrome d’Asperger, haut niveau de fonctionnement, adulte, expérience, transition à la vie active, relations interpersonnelles, éducation, travail.
This qualitative study focuses on the social participation of young adults living with high functioning autism or with Asperger syndrome. Today, many adults with autism receive services to support their social integration. On the other hand, experts highlight the existence of mismatches between their needs and the services received, which can hinder the exercise of their full social participation. In this regard, 11 young adults aged to 19 to 32 were asked about what facilitates and hinders their social participation. The 11 semi-structured interviews took place. Then, they were transcribed, and a mixed content analysis was conducted using the NVivo 11 software. The theoretical framework Human Development Model - Disability Creation Process (HDM-DCP 2) guided the data analysis. The results highlight people's views on the obstacles and facilitators encountered in achieving their social participation goals. Interpersonal relationships, education, and work emerge as important elements for respondents' social participation. They seem to encounter some facilitators, but also several obstacles that undermine the achievement of their social participation, which is entirely satisfactory according to their opinion. In addition, participants spoke about the services received, as factors that can harm or facilitate the exercise of their social participation. Perspectives for the development of services and research in the field of autism are also discussed to better support the achievement of social participation of adults with high functioning autism or with Asperger syndrome. Keywords : qualitative research, social participation, autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, high functioning autism, transition to adulthood, relationships, education, work.

Dans ses premiers mouvements, la technologie du Web a fait éclater les structures traditionnelles du journalisme en plusieurs systèmes autonomes. Chaque internaute pouvait, en dehors des pilotages massifs des médias traditionnels, produire et gérer des circuits d’information alternatifs. Le courant du journalisme participatif est nébuleux, il décrit le passage d’un mode d’information standard à des modules numériques très dispersés. Ce projet collaboratif s’intègre donc mal au système global et institutionnel des grands médias. Il s’isole dans sa posture de perturbateur d’un ordre informationnel et se heurte à d’immenses failles architecturelles. Finalement, c’est l’ensemble de la structure Web qui va rencontrer des difficultés à se réaliser, à se finaliser dans un but commun d’information. Mais l’Internet n’a pas terminé sa progression. Tel un support jeune, il doit encore apprendre à organiser sa dynamique, à maîtriser le chaos de ses interfaces. Ainsi, quelques années après la version participative du Web 2.0, de nouveaux canaux apparaissent. Portés par la sociabilité des réseaux socio-numériques, les différents acteurs du journalisme participatif et traditionnel vont se regrouper sur d’autres plateformes. Généralistes et communautaires, à la fois interactives et sociales, elles vont construire un circuit d’information mieux agencé. Baptisé journalisme de lien, cet autre courant va combiner, hiérarchiser et mêler la variété des mécanismes des médias présents sur la toile. Le Web emprunte alors un autre passage, il fait transiter les fragments de son système chaotique vers un tout, un ensemble enfin organisé. Du dérèglement des machines médiatiques à l’apparition d’agrégateurs, la modélisation chronologique du Web laissera apparaître une évolution caractéristique des systèmes complexes. Autour d’un corpus issu du journalisme participatif et de lien, le regard croisé entre complexité, organisation et chaos des plateformes numériques tentera de dégager une pensée globale des médias, réinscrivant leur nouvelle connexité numérique comme un système compensatoire et créatif
On its initial impulse, the Internet technologies have dispersed the professional and traditional journalistic field over fine particles of medias. Throughout the participatory theory, Internet’s users are now committed in a collaborative way. Therefore, information system is moving from a common standard of media to a wide variety of digital modules. With its scattered form, new journalism schemes do not fit within a global information environment and show difficulty inserting the institutional architecture. Finally, all the information circuits and mechanisms of Web 2.0 have become dissipated and disruptive. In their diverging characteristics, they cannot efficiently pursue a common objective of information. But online processes are still associated with the chronological changes of a medium always under development. The Internet has to learn to control its dynamics, making order from its chaotic interfaces. Thus, digital systems keep improving, producing new communicational instruments. Supported by the sociability of social networks, other uses appear. From now on, traditional and participatory journalism will regroup on uniform platforms. Generalist, both social and interactive, the link information will build a more organized circuit. This new specific form of media is going to combine, prioritize the variety of online media mechanisms. The Web then takes another way, it is passing on the fragments of its chaotic systems toward a whole, a housing scheme, which seems finally organized. This evolution maps different medias and describes a transition from a participatory information structure to a new order of link journalism. At the heart of several evolutionary stages, the chronological modeling of the Web brings out a development of a complex system. Around a corpus derived from the participatory and link journalism, the crossed perspective between complexity, organization and chaos of digital platforms will attempt to reach a global thinking of media, transforming their new digital connectivity into a compensatory and creative system

Cette étude a pour objectif d’étudier l’emploi et le chômage, son évolution en Algérie de 1966 à 2014 ainsi que ses aspects sociodémographiques. L’étude du marché du travail algérien a montré que celui-ci a subi de profondes transformations à cause des événements démographiques et économiques qui ont jalonné le pays, tels que : l’expansion de l’emploi informel et féminin, le recul de l’emploi public et l’effondrement du secteur agricole. L’analyse des données des enquêtes emplois de l’ONS, montre l’impact de ces éléments sur les taux d’activité. Ces derniers ont connu une grande hausse durant les périodes de crise etparticulièrement dans les années 1990. Cette hausse était due, à la fois, à la croissance démographique et à la poussée de l’activité féminine. Pour le taux de chômage, il a atteint son niveau le plus bas en 1984. Cette baisse est imputée à la faible pression démographique sur le marché du travail comme à la politique économique suivie dans les années 1970. A partir de 1986, le niveau de chômage augmente et atteint un pic durant les années 1990. Cette hausse a été déclenchée par un ensemble de facteurs : l’arrivée en masse sur le marché du travail d’individus issus des générations du baby-boom, la baisse durable des prix des hydrocarbures , la crise politique et sécuritaire et l’arrivée d’un nombre croissant de femmes sur le marché du travail. De 2000 à 2013, le niveau de chômage tend à la baisse. En effet, la forte hausse des prix des hydrocarbures en cette période, a permis la création d’un volume important d’emplois non permanents. S’ajoute, à cela, la baisse de la pression démographique dans la même période. A partir de 2014, le niveau de chômage repart vers la hausse alors qu’en même temps les cours du prix du pétrole chutent.Cette thèse a également visé le marché de l’emploi à l’échelle locale. Ainsi, l’enquête menée dans la wilaya d’Oran a concerné cinq communes. L’exploitation des données de cette enquête a révélé une forte participation des femmes dans la vie active ; près de la moitié d’entre elles ont suivi un enseignement supérieur. Cela a influé sur le taux d’activité global qui est plus élevé que la moyenne nationale. Quant aux taux d’emploi, ils sont faibles dans les communes réputées pour leur structure industrielle et plus important dans les communes les plus agglomérées. S’agissant de l’âge moyen d’entrée dans le premier emploi, l’enquête a relevé que le niveau d’instruction joue un rôle déterminant dans la diminution de l’écart entre les hommes et les femmes: l’âge d’entrée dans un premier emploi chez les universitaires femmes et hommes est presque identique alors que pour le niveau d’instruction égal ou inférieur au moyen, les femmes entrent plus tardivement sur le marché de l’emploi par rapport aux hommes. En ce qui concerne les demandeurs d’emplois, les données de l’enquête ont abouti à un taux de chômage plus élevé que la moyenne nationale. Le niveau de chômage est plus élevé dans les communes réputées être le bassin d’emploi de la wilaya d’Oran
This study aims to analyze employment, unemployment and their evolution in Algeria from 1966 to 2014 and their socio-demographic point of view. The study of the Algerian workforce has shown that there has been a profound transformation due to demographic and economic events which stand out as milestones such as: the expansion of informal work, women in the workforce, decreasing public sector employment and the collapse of agriculture. The analysis of studies by the ONS show the impact of these elements on the rate of activity. The latter has shown a large increase during periods of crisis and particularlyduring the 1990's.This demand was the result of the increase of population and the development of women in the workforce. Unemployment reached its lowest level in 1984. This reduction is due to low population demand and the political and economic situation in the 1970's. From 1986, unemployment increased and reached its peak in the 1990's. This rise was due to a number of factors: the arrival of the baby-boomers and an increased number of women in the workplace, low petrol prices, and the political and security crisis. From 2000 to 2013 unemployment lessened. In fact, the high price of petrol in this period created a large number of precarious jobs and a drop in demand. From 2014, unemployment increased while the price of petrol fell.This work also studies the marketplace on a local level via 5 communes in wilaya d'Oran. The analysis of the information reveals a strong female participation, almost half of them have tertiary qualifications. That has influenced the total activity which is higher than the national average. Employment is low in the communes with an industrial structure and more important in built-up areas.The study shows that the level of education for first job seekers plays an important role between the employment of men and women: the age of tertiary educated men and women entering their first job is almost equal, where the level of education of men and women is equal or less than the average, women enter the workforce later than men. The study reveals that the level of job-seekers is higher than the national average. The level of unemployment is higher in the labour pool of the communes of wilaya d'Oran

碩士
國立中央大學
學習與教學研究所
93
Lurking, the discursive phenomenon, in an online community is often neglected. From Wenger’s social theory of learning and Lave's LPP, this study explores the characteristic of lurkers, one who “post occasionally” but “online regularly”, in order to scrutinize lurkers’ subtle intentions and their obscure posture. We identify 95 lurkers from 353 participants in an inquiry-based learning community and approach from a virtual ethnography to uncover their process of negotiability and identification.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-72).

Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Jayne M. Standley, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 6-29-07). Document formatted into pages; contains 33 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

碩士
正修科技大學
休閒與運動管理所
103
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between the impacts of physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors on students’ sports passion and sports participation. It is acknowledged that demographic variable of the senior high school students play a critical role in influencing students’ sport passion and sport participation. Results revealed that the physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors have a positive influence on students’ sports passion and sports participation and those variables could be used for efficient sport educational management. The survey was conducted through purposive sampling with “the Questionnaire of Effects of Senior High School Physical Education Teachers’ Teaching Behaviors on Students’ Sports Passion and Sports Participation. ”The collected data was analyzed in ways of descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson Product-Moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Based on the data analyses, the major findings of the present study are summarized as follows, 1. There are significant differences were explored in physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors, students’ sports passion and sports participation based on the demographic variable of the senior high school students. 2. There are no significant relationships were recognized between physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors and sports participation. 3. There are relatively significant relationships were recognized between sports participation and sports passion. 4. There are relatively significant relationships were recognized between physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors and sports passion. 5. There is a significant positive influence of physical education teachers’ teaching behaviors on sports passion. 6. There is a significant positive influence of sports passion on sports participation. Finally, it is suggested these findings have value for local governments for physical education practices and programs. Keywords: teaching behaviors, sport participation, sport passion

博士
國立高雄師範大學
教育學系
106
Study on Motivation, Passion, Fun and Well-being of Military Academy Cadet for Participation in Academic Physical Curriculum Abstract This paper aims at investigating the correlation between sports motivation, passion, fun and well-being of military academy cadets for participation in academic physical curriculum. Through literature review, the research framework using questionnaire survey method is developed by clustering random sampling. A total of 1,270 formal questionnaires were sent to the students of 9 military academies. After further sorting analysis, 1,117 valid questionnaires were collected and response rate was 87.95%. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, canonical correlation, and structural equation modeling to verify research hypothesis. Based on data analysis results, this study results are listed below: 1. The military academy students reach medium- upper level to sports motivation, passion, fun and well-being in academic physical curriculum. 2. Cadets’ different grade, gender, attendance of sports clubs or varsity team have a significant difference in the sports motivation in academic physical curriculum. 3. Cadets’ different gender and attendance of sports clubs or varsity team have a significant difference in the sports passion in academic physical curriculum. 4. Cadets’ different gender, educational system and attendance of sports clubs or varsity team have a significant difference in the sports fun in academic physical curriculum. 5. Cadets’ different gender, educational system and attendance of sports clubs or varsity team have a significant difference in the sports well-being in academic physical curriculum. 6. There is a typical correlation among motivation, passion, fun and well-being of military academy students for sports in academic physical curriculum. 7. In academic physical curriculum, military academy cadets’ sports passion as mediators between their sports motivation and well-being. 8 In academic physical curriculum, military academy cadets’ sports fun as mediators between their sports motivation and well-being. In the end, on the basis of the research conclusions, this study puts forward proposals respectively to military academy cadets, physical teachers' teaching, school administration and follow-up studies. Keywords: military academy, sports motivation, sports passion, sports fun, sports well-being

碩士
國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
體育研究所
96
This thesis encompasses two studies which main purpose lies in using parents’ passion in exercise to test the process that parents influence children’s beliefs and behaviors in exercise participation through the mechanism of parent as role model. Study 1 revises an instrument suitable for testing exercise passion of elementary school childrens’ parents. Study 2 examines the differences among the expectancy belief, value belief, and exercise behavior of children whose parent have different pattern of exercise passion. Study 1 modified the passion scale (Li, et al., 2007). With 365 adults (M=35.94 yrs) participated, the result of item analysis and CFA showed the scale have acceptable factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminate validity. 540 families particiapted in study 2. The result of MANOVA showed father’s passion pattern didn’t influence childrens’ expectancy belief, value belief, and exercise behavior. However, the children, whose mother have high harmonious passion and low obsessive passion, had higher expectancy belief and value belief than children whose mother have low harmonious passion and high obsessive passion.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
休閒事業管理系
104
The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the relationship between sports passion, motivation and subjective well-being of high school students, and also focuses on the students differences between different backgrounds variables. The subjects were the senior high school students in Taichung. We used purposive sampling and sent out 390 surveys in total. 350 surveys were returned, and the effective response rate was 89.74%. The material would be analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent Sample t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis and multiple regressions. The results were as follows: High school student in sport pasison has the deepest feeling in “harmony passion”; in motivation, “psychological motivation” is most impressive; as for subject well-being, “positive emotional” is the highest. Moreover, male high school students have significant differences to “Forced passion”, “psychological motivation” and “self-realization” and as for different types of societies', “physiological motivation” has significant differences. Parental support for “physiological motivation”, “psychological motivation” and “social motives” have significant differences, as tutor support for “physiological motivation” have significant differences. Sports passions’ “harmony passion” and “forced passion” can effectively influence motivation and subjective well-being; “Psychological motivation”, “social motivation” and “self-fulfillment” can effectively influence subjective well-being. According to the results, the educational related units can take them as reference to achieve the sports educational improvement.

Zusammenfassung: Ausschluss von Minderheiten (Zwangsübergang von Beteiligungswertpapieren) Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Recht auf einen nachträglichen Ausgleich bei dem Zwangsübergang von Beteiligungswertpapieren, das eine der Grundvoraussetzungen der Verfassungsmäßigkeit des Ausschlusses von Minderheiten darstellt. Die gerichtliche Nachprüfung der den verdrängten Inhabern bezahlten Abfindung sowie der Ablauf der Bezahlung des nachträglichen Ausgleichs werden in dem Text der Arbeit ausführlich erörtert. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die umstrittenen und unklaren Bestimmungen der wirksamen Regelung des Rechts auf einen nachträglichen Ausgleich aufzuzeigen, mögliche Auslegungen solcher Bestimmungen darzulegen und aus diesen die geeignetste Auslegung zu wählen. Diese Auslegung wird dann mit den zur Regelung des Ausschlusses im Handelsgesetzbuch verfassten Schlussfolgerungen der Rechtsprechung verglichen um zu beurteilen, ob diese Schlussfolgerungen der Rechtsprechung auch nach dem 01. 01. 2014 weiterhin gelten. In dieser Arbeit wird die Bedeutung des Rechts auf einen nachträglichen Ausgleich sowie die allgemeinen Aspekte der Geltendmachung dieses Rechts erklärt. Das gerichtliche Verfahren und die außengerichtliche Vereinbarung das nachträgliche Ausgleich wird ausführlich erörtert. Der Ablauf der Bezahlung...

This study investigates the situation of Rwandan youth ex-combatants in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Specifically, the study examines how and why young people become involved in conflicts as fighters, how the conflict impacts upon them, and how the Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration programs set up by international aid agencies attempted to address the youth's special needs as they relate to reintegration in their home communities. By employing qualitative semi-structured interviews and group discussions with demobilized ex-combatant youth and other stakeholders in northern Rwanda, the study examines how the Western model and assumption of childhood and child soldiering has so far dictated the approaches of international aid agencies in response to the needs of young people in armed conflicts. The study challenges some of the assumptions and argues for a more representative and focussed approach that emphasizes on the socio-cultural context of the ex-combatants. The research shows how and why some youth voluntarily join armed groups. It also highlights the resilience of the youth in the midst of conflict and their ability to rebuild their lives. The findings of the research have some implications for the way the international aid agencies conceptualize and provide assistance to the young people affected by armed conflicts. It challenges the assumption held by the aid agencies regarding the exclusive emphases on victimization and trauma counselling, and refocuses on the need to rebuild the youth's resilience and coping strategies.
Sociology
MA (Sociology)