Zeitschriftenartikel: „Particles (Nuclear physics)“

1

Campbell, Philip. „Nuclear Physics: Particles boost nuclei“. Physics World 4, Nr. 12 (Dezember 1991): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/12/4.

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2

Povh, Bogdan. „Nuclear physics with strange particles“. Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 18 (1987): 183–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(87)90010-x.

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3

Walcher, Thomas. „Nuclear physics with strange particles“. Nuclear Physics A 434 (Februar 1985): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(85)90506-8.

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4

Weisenberger, Andrew G. „Applications of Nuclear and Particle Physics Technology: Particles & Detection — A Brief Overview“. International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 46 (Januar 2018): 1860008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451860008x.

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A brief overview of the technology applications with significant societal benefit that have their origins in nuclear and particle physics research is presented. It is shown through representative examples that applications of nuclear physics can be classified into two basic areas: 1) applying the results of experimental nuclear physics and 2) applying the tools of experimental nuclear physics. Examples of the application of the tools of experimental nuclear and particle physics research are provided in the fields of accelerator and detector based technologies namely synchrotron light sources, nuclear medicine, ion implantation and radiation therapy.

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5

Ong, J. F., Meng-Hock Koh und I. H. Hashim. „Nuclear photonics: Laser-driven nuclear physics“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1285, Nr. 1 (01.07.2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1285/1/012003.

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Abstract High-power lasers can produce high-energy gamma rays, charged particles, and neutrons and induce various types of nuclear reactions. In Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), Romania, high-power lasers are entering a new realm of 10 PW peak power, capable of obtaining a focused intensity of 1023 Wcm–2. Such an intense laser pulse will be used for studies relevant to nuclear physics, high-field physics, and quantum electrodynamics, or the combination of laser gamma experiments. Here, we describe how a laser is used to drive high-energy photons and accelerate electrons and protons. These particles can be used for secondary interactions in nuclear physics. Laser-driven nuclear physics can be a source of nuclear isomers for applications in medicine and astrophysics.

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Khlopov, Maxim Yu. „Probes for dark matter physics“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 27, Nr. 06 (April 2018): 1841013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271818410134.

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The existence of cosmological dark matter is in the bedrock of the modern cosmology. The dark matter is assumed to be nonbaryonic and consists of new stable particles. Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) miracle appeals to search for neutral stable weakly interacting particles in underground experiments by their nuclear recoil and at colliders by missing energy and momentum, which they carry out. However, the lack of WIMP effects in their direct underground searches and at colliders can appeal to other forms of dark matter candidates. These candidates may be weakly interacting slim particles, superweakly interacting particles, or composite dark matter, in which new particles are bound. Their existence should lead to cosmological effects that can find probes in the astrophysical data. However, if composite dark matter contains stable electrically charged leptons and quarks bound by ordinary Coulomb interaction in elusive dark atoms, these charged constituents of dark atoms can be the subject of direct experimental test at the colliders. The models, predicting stable particles with charge [Formula: see text] without stable particles with charges [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can avoid severe constraints on anomalous isotopes of light elements and provide solution for the puzzles of dark matter searches. In such models, the excessive [Formula: see text] charged particles are bound with primordial helium in O-helium atoms, maintaining specific nuclear-interacting form of the dark matter. The successful development of composite dark matter scenarios appeals for experimental search for doubly charged constituents of dark atoms, making experimental search for exotic stable double charged particles experimentum crucis for dark atoms of composite dark matter.

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Ejiri, H. „Nuclear Spin Responses for Neutrinos in Astroparticle Physics“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 06, Nr. 01 (März 1997): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301397000020.

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Nuclear spin responses are of vital importance for studies of neutrinos, weakly interacting particles and of weak interactions in nuclei. The physics objectives are concerned with lepton nuclear physics within and beyond the standard theory. Here nuclei, which consist of elementary particles in good quantum (eigen) states, are used as excellent micro-laboratories for studying fundamental particles and interactions. Subjects discussed include neutrinos(ν) and weak interactions, weakly interacting massive particles as candidates for dark matters (DM), and other related problems. Experimental studies of them are made by investigating ultra rare nuclear processes at low background underground laboratories. Nuclear responses relevant to electroweak processes, neutrinos, and weakly interacting massive particles are discussed. Nuclear spin isospin responses associated with axial charged weak currents are investigated by using charge-exchange spin flip nuclear reactions at the RCNP ring cyclotron laboratory.

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Badalà, A., M. La Cognata, R. Nania, M. Osipenko, S. Piantelli, R. Turrisi, L. Barion et al. „Trends in particle and nuclei identification techniques in nuclear physics experiments“. La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 45, Nr. 3 (März 2022): 189–277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40766-021-00028-5.

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AbstractParticle identification techniques are fundamental tools in nuclear physics experiments. Discriminating particles or nuclei produced in nuclear interactions allows to better understand the underlying physics mechanisms. The energy interval of these reactions is very broad, from sub-eV up to TeV. For this reason, many different identification approaches have been developed, often combining two or more observables. This paper reviews several of these techniques with emphasis on the expertise gained within the current nuclear physics scientific program of the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN).

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Przybycien, Mariusz. „Heavy-ion Physics (ATLAS)“. EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202101.

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The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider has undertaken a broad physics program to probe and characterize the hot nuclear matter created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This talk presents recent results on production of electroweak bosons and quarkonium, charged particles and jets, bulk particle collectivity and electromagnetic processes in ultra-peripheral collisions, from Pb+Pb and p+Pb systems.

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Jedamzik, Karsten. „The cosmic lithium problem and physics beyond the Standard Model“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S268 (November 2009): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310003820.

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AbstractIn this proceeding I briefly discuss the possibility of relic decaying or annihilating particles to explain the cosmological 7Li anomaly and/or to be the source of significant amounts of pre-galactic 6Li. The effect of relic massive charged particles through catalysis of nuclear reactions is also discussed. The possibility of a connection of the 7Li problem to the cosmic dark matter and physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, such as supersymmetry, is noted.

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11

Kukharchuk, R. P., T. A. Vakaliuk, O. V. Zaika, A. V. Riabko und M. G. Medvediev. „Using open experimental data of the European Organization for Nuclear Research in the process of studying the physics of elementary particles“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2611, Nr. 1 (01.10.2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2611/1/012008.

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Abstract The article discusses the theoretical justification, and the process of developing, implementing, and experimentally verifying the methodology for training future physics teachers using open experimental data from the European Center for Nuclear Research in studying elementary particle physics. The main stages of the study of elementary particle physics are clarified, taking into account the modern achievements of CERN. In the work, the study of elementary particles was carried out based on data from the CMS detector (Compact Muon Solenoid). A description of the methods, techniques, and ways of using the proposed methodological tools for the workshop on the physics of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles is presented. The process of selection and preparation of tasks and instructions based on the open experimental data of the European Center for Nuclear Research, recommendations for working with software, and their approbation in the educational process is considered. An experimental verification, analysis, and generalization of the research results were carried out. Arguments are given regarding the effectiveness and practicality of using the open experimental data of CERN in the process of studying elementary particle physics.

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12

Lacey, Roy. „Particles: A New International Open Access Journal for Nuclear and Particle Physics“. Particles 1, Nr. 1 (09.11.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/particles1010001.

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13

Durante, Marco, Yolanda Prezado und Vincenzo Patera. „The Biophysics Collaboration for research at FAIR and other new accelerator facilities“. Europhysics News 50, Nr. 4 (Juli 2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2019403.

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Applied nuclear physics is ubiquitous in our lives, and is a field in fast and exponential growth. Biomedical application at particle accelerators are particular important, and many current accelerators in Europe built for nuclear physics (e.g. GSI in Germany, KVI in The Netherlands, GANIL in France, INFN-LNS in Italy) have intense and productive biomedical programs covering topics such as radiotherapy with charged particles and radiation protection in space [1].

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Grib, A. A., und Yu V. Pavlov. „Black holes and high energy physics“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, Nr. 02n03 (20.01.2016): 1641016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16410165.

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Three mechanisms of getting high energies in particle collisions in the ergosphere of the rotating black holes are considered. The consequences of these mechanisms for observation of ultra high energy cosmic rays particles on the Earth as result of conversion of superheavy dark matter particles into ordinary particles are discussed.

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15

Aalbers, J., S. S. AbdusSalam, K. Abe, V. Aerne, F. Agostini, S. Ahmed Maouloud, D. S. Akerib et al. „A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics“. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 50, Nr. 1 (22.12.2022): 013001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/ac841a.

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Abstract The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector.

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Bevan, A. J. „Machine learning techniques for detecting topological avatars of new physics“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, Nr. 2161 (11.11.2019): 20190392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0392.

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The search for highly ionizing particles in nuclear track detectors (NTDs) traditionally requires experts to manually search through samples in order to identify regions of interest that could be a hint of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. The advent of automated image acquisition and modern data science, including machine learning-based processing of data presents an opportunity to accelerate the process of searching for anomalies in NTDs that could be a hint of a new physics avatar. The potential for modern data science applied to this topic in the context of the MoEDAL experiment at the large Hadron collider at the European Centre for Nuclear Research, CERN, is discussed. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Topological avatars of new physics’.

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17

ENGEL, J., S. PITTEL und P. VOGEL. „NUCLEAR PHYSICS OF DARK MATTER DETECTION“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 01, Nr. 01 (März 1992): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301392000023.

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We describe the elastic scattering of weakly interacting dark matter particles from nuclei, with laboratory detection in mind. We focus on the lightest neutralino (a neutral fermion predicted by supersymmetry) as a likely candidate and discuss the physics needed to calculate its elastic scattering cross section and interpret experimental results. Particular emphasis is placed on a proper description of the structure of the proposed detector nuclei. We include a brief discussion of expected count rates in some detectors.

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18

Zholdybayev, T. K., G. A. Ussabayeva, A. A. Temirzhanov, Zh T. Mukan, B. M. Sadykov und B. A. Duisebayev. „Proton Energy Spectra From Deuteron Induced Reaction on Copper At 14,5 MeV Deuteron Energy“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2642, Nr. 1 (01.11.2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2642/1/012002.

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Abstract Double differential cross sections have been measured for light-charged particle production in deuteron-induced reactions on nat Cu at incident energies of 14.5 MeV. The experiment was performed at the isochronous cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Kazakhstan). Charged particles were detected using a set of Si and CsI detectors from 30° to 135°, by step of 15°. The integral cross-sections were determined by integrating over the angle the double differential cross-sections. Double differential and integral charged particle emission cross-sections have been calculated by the TALYS 1.9 nuclear reaction which code based on a modified version of the exciton model of the pre-equilibrium nuclear decay. Direct, compound, and pre-equilibrium reaction contributions have been determined for the emission of proton particles.

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Tudisco, Salvatore, Francesco La Via, Clementina Agodi, Carmen Altana, Giacomo Borghi, Maurizio Boscardin, Giancarlo Bussolino et al. „SiCILIA—Silicon Carbide Detectors for Intense Luminosity Investigations and Applications“. Sensors 18, Nr. 7 (15.07.2018): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072289.

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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a compound semiconductor, which is considered as a possible alternative to silicon for particles and photons detection. Its characteristics make it very promising for the next generation of nuclear and particle physics experiments at high beam luminosity. Silicon Carbide detectors for Intense Luminosity Investigations and Applications (SiCILIA) is a project starting as a collaboration between the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) and IMM-CNR, aiming at the realization of innovative detection systems based on SiC. In this paper, we discuss the main features of silicon carbide as a material and its potential application in the field of particles and photons detectors, the project structure and the strategies used for the prototype realization, and the first results concerning prototype production and their performance.

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Triantaphyllou, George. „New physics with mirror particles“. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 26, Nr. 2 (25.01.2000): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/26/2/301.

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21

Fries, Rainer J., und Wei Liu. „High- Physics with Identified Particles“. Nuclear Physics A 830, Nr. 1-4 (November 2009): 693c—696c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.09.057.

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22

Tang, Henry H. K., und Kenneth P. Rodbell. „Single-Event Upsets in Microelectronics: Fundamental Physics and Issues“. MRS Bulletin 28, Nr. 2 (Februar 2003): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.37.

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AbstractWe review the current understanding of single-event upsets (SEUs) in microelectronic devices. In recent years, SEUs have been recognized as one of the key reliability concerns for both current and future technologies. We identify the major sources of SEUs that impact many commercial products: (1) alpha particles in packaging materials, (2) background radiation due to cosmic rays, and (3) thermal neutrons in certain device materials. The origins of SEUs are examined from the standpoint of the fundamental atomic and nuclear interactions between the intruding particles (alpha particles, cosmic rays, and thermal neutrons) and semiconductor materials. We analyze field funneling, which is a key mechanism of charge collection in a device struck by an ionizing particle. Next, we formulate how SEU cross sections and SEU rates are calculated and discuss how these basic quantities are related to experiments. Finally, we summarize the major SEU issues regarding modeling, bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technologies, and research on future, exploratory technologies.

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Khlopov, Maxim. „Multimessenger Probes for New Physics in Light of A. Sakharov’s Legacy in Cosmoparticle Physics“. Universe 7, Nr. 7 (02.07.2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7070222.

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A.D. Sakharov’s legacy in now standard model of the Universe is not reduced to baryosynthesis but extends to the foundation of cosmoparticle physics, which studies the fundamental relationship of cosmology and particle physics. Development of cosmoparticle physics involves cross-disciplinary physical, astrophysical and cosmological studies of physics Beyond the Standard model (BSM) of elementary particles. To probe physical models for inflation, baryosynthesis and dark matter cosmoparticle physics pays special attention to model dependent messengers of the corresponding models, making their tests possible. Positive evidence for such exotic phenomena as nuclear interacting dark atoms, primordial black holes or antimatter globular cluster in our galaxy would provide the selection of viable BSM models determination of their parameters.

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Ajaz, Muhammad, Abd Haj Ismail, Muhammad Waqas, Abdul Mosawir Quraishi, Jalal Hasan Baker, Antalov Jagnandan, Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad et al. „Multiplicity Dependence of the Freeze-Out Parameters in Symmetric and Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions at Large Hadron Collider Energies“. Symmetry 15, Nr. 11 (14.11.2023): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15112063.

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Strange hadron transverse momentum spectra are analyzed in symmetric pp and PbPb and asymmetric pPb collision systems for their dependence on rapidity and event charged-particle multiplicity. The thermodynamically consistent Tsallis models with and without flow velocity are used to reproduce the experimental data, extracting the freeze-out parameters to gain insights into the underlying physics of the collision processes by looking into the parameters change with different multiplicities, particle types, and collision geometries. We found that with an increase in the event multiplicity, the average transverse flow velocity, effective, and kinetic freezeout temperatures increase, with heavier strange particle species exhibiting a more significant increase. The value of the non-extensivity parameter decreases with an increase in the multiplicity of the particles. For heavier particles, larger Teff and T0 and smaller q have been observed, confirming the quick thermalization and equilibrium for massive particles. Furthermore, the differences in parameter values for particle species are more significant in pp and pPb collisions than in PbPb collisions. In addition, in symmetric pp and PbPb collisions, parameter values (q,T0,βT) show more significant shifts for heavier particles compared to the lighter ones. In contrast, in asymmetric pPb collisions, both heavier and lighter particles display uniform linear progression.

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Liu, Yun, Zhe Liu und Ziyi Liu. „New Progress in the Study of Quark Mass Unlock the Secrets of Strong Force“. Advances in Engineering Technology Research 4, Nr. 1 (20.03.2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.4.1.132.2023.

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The unification of the four forces is the ultimate goal of physics. At present, humans have not really unified the power and the strong force, and the source of the strong force remains a mystery. In 2018, Liu Yun proposed a new formula to accurately calculate the static mass of particles. Later, Liu Ziyi assumed that the particle was composed of three charges with integer 1, and believed that the particle's high rate spin produced the strong force. According to Coulomb's law and relativity, he deduced the formula for the strong force coefficient between particles and Λc(2287), and found that the strong force decreases with the increase of the distance and finally tends to a constant. By substituting the force value into Liu Yun's static mass formula, the mass spectrum obtained is in good agreement with that of J/ψ particles. After they have the same method, found that positive and negative Λb(5500) accidentally Υ particle particle mass spectra and the experimental mass spectrum highly accord with more, more surprisingly, almost coincide with triplet experimental data. These highly consistent simulations show that the strong force comes from the rapid rotation of the charges inside the particles, and strongly suggest that the so-called quarks are ordinary particles that already exist, making the catalytic development of nuclear energy possible.

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SENGER, PETER. „STRANGE PARTICLES AND NEUTRON STARS — EXPERIMENTS AT GSI“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, Nr. 04 (Mai 2007): 1135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006575.

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Experiments on strangeness production in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SIS energies address fundamental aspects of modern nuclear physics: the determination of the nuclear equation-of-state at high baryon densities and the properties of hadrons in dense nuclear matter. Experimental data and theoretical results will be reviewed. Future experiments at the FAIR accelerator aim at the exploration of the QCD phase diagram at highest baryon densities.

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Pierroutsakou, Dimitra. „Gas detectors for nuclear physics experiments“. EPJ Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818401015.

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In this lecture I will present the operation principle and the different kinds of gas detecting systems for charged particles employed in high-energy and low-energy physics environments, with particular focus on the requirements of nuclear physics experiments with low-energy Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs). I will show in more details an example of gas detector used at the RIB in-flight facility EXOTIC, for the ion beam tracking and for time of flight measurements. Finally, I will discuss the use of an active target in nuclear physics experiments with RIBs together with some key improvements of first generation devices required for facing the challenges of more intense RIBs.

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Gustavino, Carlo. „The D(p,γ)³H reaction at LUNA: implications in cosmology, particle physics and theoretical nuclear physics“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012115.

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Abstract The D(p,γ)3He cross section at low energies affects the primordial deuterium abundance, that in turn depends on fundamental cosmological parameters such as the baryon density and the amount of relativistic particles permeating the early universe. This paper discusses a new measurement of the D(p,γ)3He cross-section in the 30-280 keV energy range, performed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) with the LUNA facility. This measurement provides a new determination of the universal baryon density at the BBN epoch Ωb(BBN) with improved accuracy, in excellent agreement with the baryon density value derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background data Ωb(CMB). Furthermore, the LUNA result allows to better constrain the existence of dark radiation, i.e. the amount of light particles not considered in the standard model of particle physics, such as sterile neutrinos or hot axions. This paper also discusses the results of a new analysis showing that the D(p,γ)3He differential cross section is in excellent agreement with recent ab-initio theoretical calculations.

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Casanellas, Jordi, und Ilídio Lopes. „The Sun and stars: Giving light to dark matter“. Modern Physics Letters A 29, Nr. 37 (04.12.2014): 1440001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231440001x.

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During the last century, with the development of modern physics in such diverse fields as thermodynamics, statistical physics, and nuclear and particle physics, the basic principles of the evolution of stars have been successfully well understood. Nowadays, a precise diagnostic of the stellar interiors is possible with the new fields of helioseismology and astroseismology. Even the measurement of solar neutrino fluxes, once a problem in particle physics, is now a powerful probe of the core of the Sun. These tools have allowed the use of stars to test new physics, in particular the properties of the hypothetical particles that constitute the dark matter (DM) of the Universe. Here we present recent results obtained using this approach.

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Nagamiya, Shoji, Hideto En’yo und Hirokazu Tamura. „Future Possibilities for Accelerators in Nuclear Physics“. Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 10, Nr. 01 (August 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626819300032.

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Here, we consider the future of accelerators in nuclear physics. First, we look at the future of unstable beams toward a broader region of nuclei. Second, we review the possibilities in generating new forms of nuclear matter with heavy-ion beams. Third, we discuss the efforts to produce stronger powered proton beams for generating secondary particles, including neutrinos, kaons, muons, and anti-protons. Fourth, we discuss the possible electron–ion scatterings including their colliders. Other subjects such as hadron spectroscopy are not covered.

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Ghosh, Dipak, Argha Deb, Swarnapratim Bhattacharyya und Utpal Datta. „Genuine two particle correlations of target fragments in nuclear interactions“. Canadian Journal of Physics 89, Nr. 2 (Februar 2011): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p11-001.

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The search for genuine two-particle dynamical correlations among the target evaporated slow particles in 12C-AgBr and 24Mg-AgBr interactions at 4.5 AGeV and 28Si-AgBr interactions at 14.5 AGeV in the emission angle space has been carried out using the method of normalized factorial cumulant moments. The analysis reveals the presence of genuine two-particle dynamical correlations among the target fragments in 12C-AgBr, 24Mg-AgBr, and 28Si-AgBr interactions. The correlations among the target evaporated slow particles are found to decrease with an increase in mass and energy of the projectile beam.

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Kluge, H. J. „Atomic and Nuclear Physics with Stored Particles in Ion Traps“. Physica Scripta T104, Nr. 1 (2003): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.104a00167.

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33

Thomas, William. „Strategies of Detection: Interpretive Methods in Experimental Particle Physics, 1930–1950“. Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 42, Nr. 5 (01.11.2012): 389–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2012.42.5.389.

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Between 1930 and 1950 experimental physicists used cloud chambers, coincidence counters, and nuclear emulsions to study both cosmic rays and radioactive processes. In order to identify what particles they were detecting and to measure their properties, these physicists employed a variety of interpretive strategies. Their choice of strategies depended upon what task they were trying to perform, and what instrument they were using. It is argued that different strategies could be employed using the same instrument, that the same strategy could be used with different instruments, and that different strategies could be used in combination with each other. Analyzing the history of the use of these strategies permits a deeper understanding of how physicists designed experiments and used evidence in drawing conclusions. Attending to the patterns of strategy use also permits new periodizations to be developed in the history of particle physics. In the timeframe considered, it is argued that inferential strategies were used to interpret single images of particle tracks, that evidence aggregation was crucial using all kinds of detectors, and that it was also common to use nuclear physics knowledge to narrow the range of possible interpretations. Beginning in the late 1940s, precision measurement, precision experiment design, and decay mode analysis became prominent strategies in the systematic search for new particles. This history builds on and revises Peter Galison’s history of particle detection practices, which is based on the distinct epistemological ideals he supposes drove experimentation in the “image” and “logic” traditions of detector instrumentation.

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Misyura, M. A. „Gravitational radiation from the collision of particles“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, Nr. 02n03 (30.01.2020): 2040028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x2040028x.

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At the present moment, there is an unresolved problem in the physics of cosmic rays. The problem concerns the origin of the ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. One of the possible mechanisms of the particle’s birth with such energy is bound to the processes occurring in the active nuclei of the galaxies. In this paper, we have examined a collision of superheavy particles. Using the Weinberg formalism, we have estimated gravitational radiation emitted during the collision in the first approximation. It was shown that, for a certain collision time, the energy lost by the ultrarelativistic particle is less than the value of the energy of the mass center of the collision and the mass of the colliding particles.

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Hassan, Sanar G. „Study Stopping Power Collision in one of Nuclear Element“. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 28, Nr. 2 (11.04.2018): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v28i2.519.

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The retarding force of the charged particles when interacts with matter causing loss of particle energy, this physical phenomenon in nuclear physics called stopping power. it has a lot of important applications such as in nuclear medicine and privation effects of radiations. The charge particles are alpha and beta particles. in this paper we studies the stopping power, collision and the stopping power of radioactivity of nuclear elements and to find the relationship between stopping power collision and stopping power of radioactivity, with arrange of CSDA range for the low energy electrons data of element F. the CSDA range he CSDA range it is an average distant length of the moving charge particles when it is path slows to stop. By using approximation of CSDA range we can calculate the rate of the loss in the energy at any point along the path of the travel by assuming these energies loss at points of the track are equal to whole stopping power loss. The CSDA range can be found by reciprocal integration of the total stopping power. from the Figures (3),(4),(5) and(6)we can get good results

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Milluzzo, G., F. Belloni, G. Petringa, V. Scuderi, L. Giuffrida, A. Velyhan, C. Verona et al. „Extended characterization of alpha particles via laser-induced p-¹¹B fusion reaction in silicon hydrogenated boron-doped thin targets“. Journal of Instrumentation 18, Nr. 07 (01.07.2023): C07022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/c07022.

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Abstract The nuclear fusion channel of the p-11B reaction producing α particles with multi-MeV kinetic energies was induced by a sub-nanosecond laser pulse focused onto 10 μm thick boron-doped thin targets at intensities of ∼ 1016 W/cm2. A full characterization in terms of α particle flux and angular distribution was performed thanks to the simultaneous use of several diagnostics (time-of-flight detectors, nuclear track detectors, and Thomson Parabola spectrometers), which enabled to measure key features of particles produced both in the backward (target front side) and forward (target rear side) directions. Maximum α particle flux and cut-off energy were recorded at small detection angles with respect to the target normal in the backward direction. The maximum kinetic energy shown by the α-particles produced in the nuclear fusion reaction was ascribable to a post-accelerating transient electric field present in the laser-generated plasma, in agreement with our previous preliminary results.

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CIARAMICOLI, G., I. MARZOLI und P. TOMBESI. „QUBIT DECOHERENCE IN A NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE-LIKE QUANTUM PROCESSOR WITH TRAPPED PARTICLES“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, Nr. 11n13 (20.05.2006): 1699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206034236.

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We present an in-depth analysis of a potentially significant source of decoherence for a quantum processor, we proposed in our previous paper.1 The processor consists of an array of charged particles confined in planar micro-Penning traps. Qubits are encoded in the particle spins, that are mutually coupled as nuclear spins in a nuclear magnetic resonance-molecule. In this paper, we study in detail the de-phasing effect on the qubit dynamics produced by thermal excitations in the cyclotron motion of the particles.

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Ruan, Lijuan, und the STAR Collaboration. „Physics with identified particles at STAR“. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 34, Nr. 8 (04.07.2007): S199—S206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/8/s04.

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39

SCARPACI, J. A., M. FALLOT, D. LACROIX, M. ASSIÉ, L. LEFEBVRE, N. FRASCARIA, D. BEAUMEL et al. „PROBING PRE-FORMED ALPHA PARTICLES IN THE GROUND STATE OF NUCLEI“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, Nr. 04 (April 2011): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311019222.

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In this proceeding we report on alpha particle emission through the nuclear break-up in the reaction 40 Ca on a 40 Ca target at 50A MeV. It is observed that alpha particles are emitted to the continuum with very specific angular distribution during the reaction. The alpha particle properties seem to be compatible with an alpha cluster in the daughter nucleus that is perturbed by the short range nuclear attraction of the collision partner and emitted as described by a time-dependent theory. This mechanism offers new possibilities to study alpha particle properties in the nuclear medium.

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Bernabei, Rita. „Particle dark matter direct detection“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, Nr. 07 (Juni 2016): 1630018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816300184.

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Nearly a century of experimental observations and theoretical arguments have pointed out that a large fraction of the Universe is composed by dark matter particles. Many possibilities are open on the nature and interaction types of such relic particles. Moreover, the poor knowledge of many fundamental astrophysical, nuclear and particle physics aspects as well as of some experimental and theoretical parameters, the different used approaches and target materials, etc. make it challenging to understand the implication of some different experimental efforts. Some general arguments are addressed here. Future perspectives are mentioned.

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Kim, D. G., K. Tshoo, Y. K. Kim, S. J. Pyeun, K. Lee, M. Kim, M. S. Kwag et al. „α-Particle Transport Test of Korea Broad Acceptance Recoil Spectrometer and Apparatus at RAON“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2586, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2586/1/012146.

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Abstract KoBRA of RAON has been prepared for various low energy nuclear physics studies such as nuclear structure, reactions, and astrophysics. An α-particle transport test was performed using a standard α-source of 241Am so as to examine the design parameters. The position distribution of the α-particles was measured with a PPAC at the dispersive and achromatic focal planes, and compared with that of a lise ++ Monte Carlo calculation. The results are consistent with each other, confirming a few design parameters. We report on the preliminary results of the α-particle transport test for KoBRA.

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Kelvin, Mwape, und Manyika Kabuswa Davy. „An introduction to quantum scattering theory“. Physics & Astronomy International Journal 8, Nr. 2 (03.06.2024): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/paij.2024.08.00339.

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Quantum scattering, a fundamental phenomenon in quantum mechanics, is very important in understanding the interactions between particles at the microscopic level.1,2 Quantum scattering plays a pivotal role in various fields of physics, chemistry, and even beyond, influencing areas such as materials science, quantum computing, and nuclear physics among others.3,4 Theoretical concepts such as the Schrödinger equation, scattering amplitude, and scattering cross-section are highlighted in this, along with their significance in describing particle interactions with potential energy fields.5,6

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Vergados, J. D., H. Ejiri und F. Šimkovic. „Neutrinoless double beta decay and neutrino mass“. International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, Nr. 11 (November 2016): 1630007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316300071.

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The observation of neutrinoless double beta decay (DBD) will have important consequences. First it will signal that lepton number is not conserved and the neutrinos are Majorana particles. Second, it represents our best hope for determining the absolute neutrino mass scale at the level of a few tens of meV. To achieve the last goal, however, certain hurdles have to be overcome involving particle, nuclear and experimental physics. Particle physics is important since it provides the mechanisms for neutrinoless DBD. In this review, we emphasize the light neutrino mass mechanism. Nuclear physics is important for extracting the useful information from the data. One must accurately evaluate the relevant nuclear matrix elements (NMEs), a formidable task. To this end, we review the recently developed sophisticated nuclear structure approaches, employing different methods and techniques of calculation. We also examine the question of quenching of the axial vector coupling constant, which may have important consequences on the size of the NMEs. From an experimental point of view it is challenging, since the life times are extremely long and one has to fight against formidable backgrounds. One needs large isotopically enriched sources and detectors with good energy resolution and very low background.

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Wang, Yifang. „The Daya Bay Experiment and the Discovery of a New Type of Neutrino Oscillation“. Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 01, Nr. 02 (September 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x12000252.

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We know nowadays that the matter world we live in is made of 12 elementary particles, including 6 quarks, 3 charged leptons and 3 neutrinos. Among them, neutrinos are least known since they do not carry the electric charge and interact with others only weakly (often referred as the nuclear weak interactions). In the Standard Model of particle physics before 1998, neutrinos are considered as massless for simplicity and lack of experimental evidence. However, they are so abundant in the universe that their masses, even if tiny, will have significant impact to the particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

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KOMAROV, V. V., A. M. GREEN, A. M. POPOVA und V. L. SHABLOV. „COULOMB AND NUCLEAR FIELD EFFECTS ON TWO-BODY RESONANCES“. Modern Physics Letters A 02, Nr. 02 (Februar 1987): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387000124.

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The influence of the fields of charged particles on two-particle resonances is discussed. One of the resonating particles can be charged. From few-body scattering theory there follows differential cross section formulae for the shapes and positions of the resonances. The resonances in the final states of the reactions 11 B (p, α)α, α, d(α, n) p, α and 7 Li (p, n)3 He , α are considered as examples. The possible changes in the forms and positions of mesonic resonances due to the influence of the other particles in the final states are also mentioned.

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BAUER, DANIEL A. „PHYSICS AT γγ AND eγ COLLIDERS“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, Nr. 09 (10.04.1996): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000833.

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New developments in linear collider and laser technology should soon make it possible to construct a Photon Linear Collider, where high energy photon beams, produced by Compton backscattering laser photons off linac electrons, are brought into collision with electron beams or with other photon beams. High luminosities, along with control over both the energy distribution and polarization of the photon beams, will give such a facility the potential for a very interesting physics program. In particular, a Photon Linear Collider offers a unique environment for the study of Higgs bosons and discovery of new particles such as excited electron states, supersymmetric particles, heavy charged particle pairs, or any particles with appreciable two-photon couplings. Precision electroweak tests also benefit from such a machine, allowing a test of the three-gauge-boson WWγ vertex. The Photon Linear Collider would serve as an excellent laboratory for Quantum Chromodynamics studies involving photon structure functions, jet and hadron production, and resonance production.

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Zamfir, V., K. Tanaka und C. Ur. „Extreme light infrastructure nuclear physics (ELI-NP)“. Europhysics News 50, Nr. 2 (März 2019): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2019204.

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ELI - Extreme Light Infrastructure, a project to build an international research infrastructure “dedicated to the investigation and applications of laser matter interaction at the highest intensity level” is one of the 35 projects in the first Roadmap, in 2006, of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) [1]. “ELI will comprise three branches: ultra high field science that will explore laser matter interaction up to the nonlinear QED limit including the investigation of pair creation and vacuum structure; attosecond laser science designed to conduct temporal investigation at the attosecond scale of electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, plasmas, and solids; lastly, the highenergy beam facility devoted to the development of dedicated beam lines of ultra short pulses of high energy radiation and particles up to 100GeV for users.”

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COCCIA, E. „UNDERGROUND LABORATORIES AND THEIR PHYSICS REACH“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, Nr. 08 (30.03.2012): 1230008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12300086.

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Underground laboratories, shielded by the Earth's crust from the particles that rain down on the surface in the form of cosmic rays, provide the low radioactive background environment necessary to host key experiments in the field of particle and astroparticle physics, nuclear astrophysics and other disciplines that can profit of their characteristics and of their infrastructures. The cosmic silence condition existing in these laboratories allows the search for extremely rare phenomena and the exploration of the highest energy scales that cannot be reached with accelerators. Major fundamental challenges are within the scope of these laboratories, notably, understanding the properties of neutrinos and dark matter, and exploring the unification of the fundamental forces of nature. I will review the physics reach and briefly describe the main underground facilities that are presently in operation around the world.

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Allen, LJ. „The Quantum Mechanical Inverse Scattering Problem at Fixed Energy and Some Recent Applications“. Australian Journal of Physics 44, Nr. 3 (1991): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910231.

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Much of the information on electronic, atomic, nuclear and particle physics is obtained in scattering experiments. The inverse scattering problem is to deduce the interaction between the colliding particles, or what their constitution is, from the observed data. Inverse scattering techniques at fixed energy which have lent themselves to practical application are reviewed. Some recent applications, in particular to electron-atom scattering, are discussed. New results for e-He scattering at 30 eV are presented.

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Seife, C. „APS DIVISION OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Elusive Particles Yield Long-Held Secrets“. Science 294, Nr. 5544 (02.11.2001): 987–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5544.987.

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