Dissertationen: „Participatory local governance“

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Hunt, Elizabeth. „Political economy of local and participatory governance“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ec4ce5a-6222-47cd-a903-8498aedd88be.

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Chapter 2 compares government consultation via an opinion poll and a citizens' jury". In a jury, about fiffteen volunteers spend several days learning about a policy choice before voting. If the public is ill-informed, the government trades-off "information" against participation". Jurors have better information than poll respondents, but constitute a smaller sample. More- over, participation costs may bias the jury sample. Indeed, the literature suggests that costs might induce "neutrality": over-representation of the minority to the extent that the result is uninformative. I show that although the minority will often be over-represented, "neutrality" is a knife-edge result here so juries may be worthwhile. Extensions consider compensating jurors and excluding "special interests". Chapter 3 uses evidence from the allocation of regeneration funding to motivate a model in which central government may ask councils to compile apparently pointless dossiers to ap- ply for money, because the dossiers provide information about councils' competence. I then consider when the government might prefer a simpler but less flexible auction-type process. The UK government's ability to "ring-fence" money, obliging councils to spend it on its priority, is central to chapter 3. Chapter 4 develops the analysis of auctions in this context. With variations in competence, ring-fencing effectively imposes type-specific minimum bids. I characterise equilibrium bidding and show that the ring-fencing constraint may not only increase bids, but actually induce councils to contribute resources. Continuing the themes of participation and competence in the policy process, chapter 5 examines parish councils' use of a general spending power. I find parishes with more well-educated and older citizens (groups with generally higher political participation) are more likely to use their powers. Further investigation suggests that these citizens matter because they are involved in governance, rather than because they exert democratic pressure. This has impli- cations for wider neighbourhood governance policy.

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Speer, Johanna. „Participatory Governance, accountability, and responsiveness“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16473.

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Die Dissertation untersucht ob partizipative Governance ein effektives Mittel ist um lokale Regierungen in Guatemala dazu zu bewegen ihren Wählern gegenüber verstärkt Rechenschaft abzulegen und den Haushalt mehr an den Bedürfnissen der Armen auszu-richten. Das erste Papier bereitet die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zur Wirkung von und den Bedingungen für effektive partizipative Governance auf. Das zweite Papier stellt ein neues Verfahren zur Kalibrierung qualitativer Interviewdaten für fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) vor. In einer qualitativ-vergleichenden Ana-lyse von zehn ländlichen Gemeinden untersucht das dritte Papier wie sich effektive par-tizipative Governance, politischer Wettbewerb und Zugang zu lokalen Medien auf die Haushaltsgestaltung einer Lokalregierung auswirken. Das vierte Papier analysiert mit derselben Methode die Bedingungen für effektive partizipative Governance. Das fünfte Papier präsentiert eine Fallstudie zweier Gemeinden und diskutiert Politikoptionen für die Implementierung von partizipativer Governance in Guatemala. Die Ergebnisse der Papiere zeigen, dass effektive partizipative Governance in Kombination mit starkem politischem Wettbewerb zu einer armutsorientierteren Ausrichtung öffentlicher Ausga-ben in den zehn Gemeinden führt, da Wähler besser informiert sind. Jedoch deuten die Ergebnisse auch darauf hin, dass partizipative Governance wegen des geringen Grades zivilgesellschaftlicher Organisation, des niedrigen Bildungsniveaus und hoher Armut in Guatemala nicht effektiv implementiert wird. Partizipative Governance kann also lokale Regierungen dazu bewegen Rechenschaft abzulegen und den Haushalt armutsorientier-ter zu gestalten. Ihre effektive Implementierung wird jedoch in Guatemala lange dauern und einen hohen Ressourceneinsatz erfordern. Daher sollten politische Entscheidungs-träger und Geber auch die Stärkung anderer Informations- und Rechenschaftslegungs-mechanismen, wie der Gemeinderäte, in Betracht ziehen.
This thesis analyses whether participatory governance is an effective means for increas-ing local government accountability and for making local government spending more responsive to the needs of the poor in rural Guatemala. The first paper evaluates the scientific evidence on the impact of and the conditions for effective participatory gov-ernance. The second paper presents a new technique for calibrating qualitative interview data for fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). In a qualitative compara-tive analysis of ten rural Guatemalan municipalities the third paper examines how effec-tive participatory governance, competitive elections, and access to local media influence the allocation of local government spending. The fourth paper analyses the conditions for effective participatory governance with the same empirical method. The fifth paper presents a comparative case study of two municipalities and discusses policy options for implementing participatory governance in Guatemala. Overall, the papers’ findings show that effective participatory governance is sufficient for local government responsiveness in the study area when it is combined with competitive elections, because it increases voter information about local government performance. Yet, the findings also suggest that it will be difficult to implement participatory governance effectively in Guatemala due to the low degree of civil society organization, the low level of education of the population and the high level of poverty. The conclusion drawn from these findings is that effective participatory governance arrangements can make local governments more accountable and responsive, but that it will require much time and resources to implement them. Policy makers and donors should therefore also consider strengthening other information mechanisms, as well as existing accountability mechanisms, such as elected Municipal Councils.

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Blackburn, James. „Popular participation in a prebendal society : a case study of participatory municipal planning in Sucre, Bolivia“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340828.

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4

Frantz, Dmitri. „The role and impact of local government communication strategies in participatory governance: The case of Lamberts Bay“. University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6692.

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Magister Artium - MA
This research examines the role and impact of local government communication strategies in participatory governance with particular reference to Lamberts Bay, South Africa. The investigation aimed at establishing whether the communication strategies of the municipality serve as an effective mechanism to promote public participation in local government. The study used qualitative research methodology, towards the realisation of the aims and objectives of the study. Accordingly, an interview schedule was used as a tool that contains the pre-determined questions prepared in order to acquire insight and knowledge of the councillors, administration, community and community organisations. In addition, observation was used as a tool to observe the dynamics of the different institutionalised structures such as the ward committee meeting, council meeting and public meeting. An empirical study was conducted to measure the role and impact of communication strategies used by the local authority in the case study area of Lamberts Bay to enhance public participation. The findings indicated that the communication strategies used by local government to encourage meaningful participation within the case study area is not effective with regard to enabling local residents to participate meaningfully in governance decisionmaking within the region. The study concluded by presenting a number of recommendations in an attempt to improve the communication between the citizens and local government and to enhance public participation of local residents.

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Paudel, Purushottam. „Participatory local governance and poverty reduction : a case study of policy implementation practice in rural areas of Nepal“. Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602395.

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This research explores local self-governance policy and implementation practice, and examines the reasons for its weak impact on poverty reduction in rural areas of Nepal. In order to do this, it analyses local governance to judge its impact on poverty reduction. The strength of its performance is evaluated through three criteria: participation, accountable governance and service delivery. It also investigates four factors which enable the measurement of the above three criteria. These enabling factors are: human resources and capacity, local financing, local autonomy and co-ordination. Field data were collected in two anonymous Village Development Committees using document analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observation. The analysis shows policy is consistent with theory, but inconsistent with implementation practice. Participation of disadvantaged groups and the poor was a positive aspect of policy, but their participation in decision-making remained weak due to lack of information on policy arrangements, high levels of rural poverty, elite domination, inequitable representation arrangements and discontinuation of local elections. Accountable governance is weak with stakeholders not accountable to disempowered groups, through lack of internal and external checks and balances, perpetuation of democratic local authorities and fair participation arrangements. Devolution of services and improvements of local infrastructure development are positive aspects in local service delivery. However, pro-poor service delivery and planning, balanced service production and delivery, and fair resource distribution are lacking due to overlapping and unclear division of roles and responsibilities among tiers of governance and other stakeholders, lack of accountable governance and financial resources, ineffective human resource and capacity development efforts, inappropriate delimitation of local government jurisdictions, and a lack of information-based and coordinated planning. Human resources and capacity development efforts remain ineffective due to the domination of deputed staff, lack of appropriate arrangements for fair selection and recruitment, and lack of effective institutional arrangement and linkage for capacity development. Intergovernmental resource transfer is inappropriate, nominal, power-based and inconsistent with local responsibilities and resource capacity. Overlapping revenue rights and a cap on sources hinder local revenue capacity and foster dependence on conditional and nominal central government funding. Local co-ordination is weak and results in duplication and corruption because of a lack of necessary policy arrangements, lack of commitment and discontinuation of elected bodies in local government institutions. The study concludes that participation, accountable governance and service delivery in local governance are highly correlated with poverty reduction in rural areas. Local self-governance policy implementation practice has had very little impact in poverty reduction in Nepal due to policy weaknesses and weaknesses in implementation practice.

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Biswas, Anil Kumar. „Participatory local governance and development: a study of the Gram sansad experiment in two selected Gram Panchyats of Cooch Behar District of West Bengal“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2559.

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Haywood, Ashley. „Exploring plausible futures and its implications for the governance of local food systems using local actors’ expertise in the Witzenberg region“. University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7303.

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Masters of Commerce
Despite having a significant agri-food sector, South Africa is faced with strong food security issues related to high inequalities and the legacy of the apartheid regime. The South African food system finds itself at risk of alienating the majority of its citizens from realizing their right to access food granted by the South African Constitution (1996) Section 27(1)(b). Increasing poverty, unemployment and poor governance are making it harder for ordinary South African citizens to put safe and nutritious food on the table. Part of the food security issue in South Africa is that there is an inefficiency in public policies. It can be explained by the extreme segmentation of public action between departments and also by the limitations and ineffectiveness of decentralization resulting in little to no involvement from local governments. Like most socio-economic issues, the effects of food insecurity are first experienced on the ground at the local level where municipalities are at the forefront. The absence of effective policy around food security and food systems at the local level in South Africa leaves room for research on improved local food governance. Municipalities should be best suited to understand the consequences of food insecurity and could therefore use some of their constitutional mandate which provides some room for manoeuvre with regard to food issues. The aim of this study is to raise awareness of food security issues at the municipal level and to identify ways to facilitate engagement by municipalities. Its main objective was to adopt a foresight approach, using scenarios with local actors, and to understand how it can help improve the engagement of municipalities and citizens in the food security debate and take possible action. This research has made use of an existing collaboration between the Centre of Excellence in Food Security (CoE-FS) and the South African Local Government Association (SALGA) developed in the Western Cape. The collaboration focuses on the understanding of the food policy space in South Africa, the results of existing policies, and how the co-production of knowledge between stakeholders, notably at the local level, can contribute to policy improvement.

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Matata, Khamis Charles. „Evaluating integrated participatory planning in a decentralised governance system: the case of Yei River County, Southern Sudan“. Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006985.

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Local government is an important level of participatory democracy, where communities play an active role not only as the electorate, but also as end-users and consumers, and thereby holding their municipal councils accountable for their actions. Given the above statement, the interim Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011, entrusts local government with the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. It also provides for the promotion of social and economic development and the promotion of a safe and healthy environment. This also entails the need for a commitment to service delivery hence, public representatives and public officials must take seriously their obligation to render services to the people that could be in the form of ensuring that refuse gets collected, electricity being supplied and other services rendered which better the general welfare of citizens. There are several definitions of public participation, but it can be defined as a process of empowering citizens by involving them in making decisions on all issues that concern them, which can be political, social or economic. The main aim of this study was to, investigate and identify the nature and extent of integrated participatory planning in Yei River County and the extent to which opportunities for public participation are accessible to the communities. The study sought to investigate: How different stakeholders in the community in Yei River County make use of public participation opportunities during the integrated participatory planning process? As such, the main objectives of the study were to; to assess the existing integrated participatory planning practices in Yei River County, to examine and evaluate how the existing integrated participatory planning practices influence service delivery in Yei River County and lastly to identify the barriers to effective integrated participatory planning in YRC and advance recommendations for improvement. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used and data was collected from a sample of two hundred and twenty-six (226) public officials, comprising of Local Government officials, County councillors and members of the public. Results from the data collected using open and close-ended questionnaires, showed that public participation is very important in local government planning as it leads to incorporation of public suggestions and interests in the development strategies. The results further showed that public meetings and workshops were the only public participation mechanisms being used by Yei River County. The study therefore recommended among other things that, Yei River County should strengthen public participation in integrated participatory planning by providing adequate skilled human resources and establishing structures, as well as public participation mechanisms at the Payam and Boma levels. It was also recommended that the communities needed to utilise all available mechanisms of participation to ensure maximum participation during the integrated participatory planning processes.

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Speer, Johanna [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Hanisch und Xavier [Akademischer Betreuer] Basurto. „Participatory Governance, accountability, and responsiveness : a comparative study of local public service provision in rural Guatemala / Johanna Speer. Gutachter: Markus Hanisch ; Xavier Basurto“. Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020443103/34.

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Corbett, David Ian Bedford. „Alternative forms of citymaking: Insights and implications from South Africa and Australia“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208153/1/David%20Ian%20Bedford_Corbett_Thesis.pdf.

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This study employed a comparative urbanism methodology to explore the interrelationship between formal approaches to urban governance and urban informality in Logan, Australia and Cape Town, South Africa. Through in-depth interviews, observations and a co-design workshop, the study investigates points of disconnection in the margins and ties these to issues of power, inclusion and the notion of a 'good' city. It proposes avenues for conducting comparative urban research across Global North and South cities. The thesis furthers knowledge of co-productive research with vulnerable participants, articulates the role of intermediaries in inclusive alternative citymaking, and challenges negative assumptions of urban informality.

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Maargab, Rafik. „Revendications citoyennes et réalité de la gouvernance urbaine locale : les acteurs associatifs locaux à l'épreuve du projet de requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1078.

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Cette recherche traite du sujet de la gouvernance urbaine locale au delà de son aspect conceptuel ou analytique. Il est question d'appréhender la gouvernance urbaine locale à travers : le projet urbain, les moyens et mécanismes de la gestion de la chose publique aussi bien législatifs que techniques, ainsi qu'à travers les pratiques des acteurs publics et l'ensemble des parties prenantes dont les acteurs de la société civile locale. En s'appuyant sur l'exemple du projet de la requalification urbaine de la rue de la République à Marseille, l'étude s'intéresse également à montrer la capacité et l'apport des associations de quartier dans la défense des intérêts des citoyens et la promotion de la démocratie participative locale. Par ailleurs, la recherche aborde la question de l'impact des mutations scocio-économiques, dues au croisement des politiques publiques, et l'intervention des acteurs économiques aussi bien sur l'espace micro-local, en l'occurrence la rue, que sur le milieu urbain et les citoyens. C'est tout l'intérêt de cette recherche de montrer l'impact des logiques économiques et politiques sur la gestion du projet urbain et la place qu'occupent les citoyens et les acteurs associatifs dans le processus décisionnel
This research deals with the subject of local urban governance beyond its conceptual or analytical aspect. It is question to understanding the local urban governance through: the urban project, the means and mechanisms for the management of the public affairs as well as techniques and practices of public and all stakeholders, including local civil society actors. Based on the example of urban regeneration project in the street of the République in Marseille, the study also showed the ability and the contribution of neighbourhood associations in the interests of citizens and promotion of local participatory democracy. Furthermore, the research addresses the question of the impact of mutations scocio-economic due to the crossing of public policy and the intervention of economic actors on the micro-local space, namely the street, and on the urban citizens. It's the whole interest of this research to show the impact of economic and political logics on the urban project and to show the place of citizens and civil society actors in decision making

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Bourse, Loic. „Le développement local dans un contexte de mondialisation : une confrontation entre théories et pratiques à partir de deux études de cas : Bamako (Mali) et Marseille“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10001/document.

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D’une manière générale, les théories du développement ne constituent pas seulement des modèles explicatifs du changement social mais représentent avant tout des modèles théoriques fortement imprégnés d’idéologie justifiant les axes d’action des programmes politiques de développement. Dans un premier temps, les théories proposaient aux pays du « Sud » le rattrapage du retard ou le gommage de l’ordre historique de domination internationale comme solution à l’énigme du développement. Dans un second temps, à la fin des années 1970, elles constituaient le moyen de garantir une forte croissance économique pour les Etats aussi bien du « Nord » que du « Sud » par l’application des PAS. A partir des années 1990, un nouveau corpus de théories du développement propose une forme d’action politique se distinguant des ajustements structurels, le développement local. Celui-ci se décline en trois grands axes d’actions : - le retour du politique en tant qu’institution de régulation économique et sociale à travers les idées de gouvernance et de démocratie participative ;- l’optimisation de la croissance économique et des services sociaux par la régulation politique ;- le développement local en tant que niveau de production et de régulation du politique, du social et de l’économique.Ainsi, que cela soit à l’échelle des théories scientifiques ou des programmes politiques, ces trois axes constituent les conditions sine qua non du changement social. Mais le fait de suivre ces axes conduit-il au développement local ? C’est à cette question que nous nous sommes efforcé de répondre par la mise en perspective de pratiques de développement local au niveau d’une ville d’un pays dit « du Sud », Bamako au Mali, et au niveau d’une ville d’un pays dit « du Nord », Marseille en France
Overall, development theories are not only explanatory models of social change but are primarily theoretical models strongly imbued with ideology justifying the action axes of program development policies. Initially, the theories proposed for the 'southern' countries to “take off” or to wipe the historical order of international dominance as a solution to the riddle of development. In a second step, in the late 1970s, they were the means of ensuring strong economic growth for “North” and “South” countries by the application of SAPs. From the 1990s, a new set of theories of development proposes a form of political action distinct from structural adjustment: local development. It comes in three main action axes:- the return of politics as an institution of economic and social regulation through the ideas of governance and participatory democracy ;- optimization of economic growth and social services by political regulation ;- local development as a production and a regulation level of the politic, the social and the economic.Thus, whether at the level of scientific theories or political agendas, these three axes are the prerequisites of social change. But must these prerequisites be followed to lead the Local Development? This is the question that we tried to address through the perspective of local development practices in a city of a “South” country, Bamako, Mali, and in a city of a “North” country, Marseille, France

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Thirion, Anne-Marie. „La gouvernance locale des écocités : regard comparatif France-Danemark“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G020.

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Cette étude de territoires infranationaux déconstruit la gouvernance sur quatre projets urbains durables, dont deux à Rennes, un à Copenhague et un autre à Elseneur au Danemark. Elle permet de révéler les préoccupations des acteurs publics, privés ou associatifs, et dévoile leur vision à différentes échelles (locale, nationale, supranationale) pour de grands territoires urbains. Elle interroge également la cohérence de l'action publique, le fonctionnement des institutions, et la démocratie locale plus généralement. Mon travail de recherche part de deux hypothèses : il suppose d'une part l'émergence d'une gouvernance nouvelle entre acteurs publics et privés à travers ces projets urbains novateurs, tant au niveau de la fabrique urbaine que des usages. D'autre part, il questionne l'éventuelle instrumentation de ces projets urbains durables par les pouvoirs publics, à travers la question du marketing territorial rendu nécessaire par une concurrence exacerbée des territoires métropolitains dans le cadre de la mondialisation. Ces hypothèses posent donc in fine la question de l'homogénéisation (ou pas) de la fabrique urbaine européenne. L'État, pour sa part, semble vouloir encourager la réalisation d’opérations exemplaires d’aménagement dans le contexte annoncé d'une transition écologique pour les territoires, mais il reste à distance. L’enjeu est de soutenir la croissance et l’attractivité de ces grandes agglomérations, de les rendre plus respectueuses de leur environnement en diminuant les pollutions multiples et en consommant moins d’énergie et d’espace périurbain. L'intérêt de cette recherche est de proposer une typologie inédite des projets urbains durables à travers une matrice inspirée des trois piliers (économique, social et environnemental) du rapport Brundtland (1987), la référence internationale en matière de durabilité
This work deconstructs governance over four ecocity projects: two in Rennes (France), one in Copenhagen and another one in Helsingør (Denmark), which have been completed over one or several decades. The monitoring of these projects is carried out at the metropolitan level, but with a significant nation-state and European Union influence. These projects peculiarly highlight the views of public and private institutions or NGOs on large urban territories nowadays. The analysis covers different scales from a local or national to a supranational perspective. They also point out how well institutions are managed, and question how consistent public action and local democracy is in today's globalized world. My research is based on two hypotheses. It first assumes the emergence of a new governance model between public and private stakeholders across these state-of-the-art urban projects. Secondly, it raises the question of new patterns based on marketing methods and communication tools. It raises therefore the question of common European building features. Finally, the purpose of this research is to deliver a new typology of urban sustainable projects, based on three pillars (economic, social and environmental) as suggested by the Brundtland report (1987), the international reference in sustainability, if any

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Shi, Chunyu. „La participation des habitants dans les grandes villes chinoises - le cas Guangzhou“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020017/document.

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La participation populaire existe-elle dans un régime non démocratique comme la République populaire de Chine? Si la réponse est affirmative, comment la population chinoise participe-t-elle et quelle en est la portée? C'est en s'appuyant sur l'expérience de la ville de Guangzhou que la thèse entend répondre, concrètement à ces questions, en s'appuyant sur une méthode comparative: il s'agit d'observer les pratiques participatives chinoises en les confrontant à des expériences réalisées dans les pays occidentaux ainsi qu'aux éthiques et valeurs démocratiques libérales. À partir de différents angles d'observation - historique, juridique, politique et sociale- la recherche se propose de déterminer dans quelle mesure la nature d'un régime et son agencement institutionnel conditionnent, voire façonnent, le cadre, le contenu, les procédés et la portée de la participation populaire. Contrairement aux idées reçues, le Parti communiste chinois a toujours accordé une grande attention à la participation populaire: il se montre adaptatif et ouvert à l'évolution de la conjoncture sociale, ce qu'il manifeste par sa constance à conduire des innovations ou des réformes. Cette ouverture et ces adaptations s'avèrent cependant partielles: derrière elles, le pouvoir du Parti reste inchangé et intouchable; toutes les réformes engagées visent en fin de compte à défendre et à consolider tant l'autorité que l'influence du Parti. Il en va ainsi, de la mobilisation des masses à l'époque maoïste au court passage du grand débat sur " la pratique comme unique critère de la vérité", initié par Deng Xiaoping à son arrivée au sommet du pouvoir, jusqu'à la promotion de la "participation ordonnée", induite depuis les années 2000 par l'intensification des contestations sociales, et qui se traduit par la mise en place de plusieurs dispositifs destinés à l'expression directe des citoyens aux processus décisionnels: au lieu d'être un moyen de démocratisation, la participation apparait surtout comme un outil de renforcement du régime; elle est mise au service de la légitimation du pouvoir du Parti. Faute d'une volonté de redistribution ou de partage des pouvoirs entre l'Etat et la société, la portée de la participation populaire reste très limitée
Can popular participation occur in an undemocratic regime like China? If the answer is affirmative, then how do the Chinese people participate and what are the significances of their participation? It is based on the experience of the city of Guangzhou that this thesis attempts to answer to these questions by a comparative approach: we try to observe the participative practices in China, and compare them with those conducted in the Western countries. We proceeded from different angles of view, namely historical, legal, political and social. Our research intends to determine to what extent the nature and institutional arrangements of a regime can condition or shape the content, processes and scope of its popular participation. Contrary to common belief, the Chinese Communist Party has always paid great attention to citizen participation: it shows itself to be open and adaptive to the changing social circumstances, and manifests a constant intention to drive innovations or reforms. However, this openness and these adaptations prove merely partial: behind them, the Party's power has remained unchanged and untouchable. All reforms are designed to ultimately defend and strengthen the authority and influence of the Party: from the mass mobilization in the Maoist era, followed by the short passage of the major debate on the “practice as the sole criterion of truth" initiated by Deng Xiaoping at the summit of his power, to the much more recent promotion of the "orderly participation", the latter induced by the intensification of social protests since the year 2000: Instead of being a mean of democratization, the popular participation of the nation appears primarily to be an instrument to strengthen the regime, being served in legitimizing the power of the Party. For as long as there exists this lack of a real will to redistribute power between the state and society, the scope of popular participation in China remains very limited

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Clément, Camille. „La publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains : du processus global à la fabrique du lieu“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823363.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de théoriser et d'opérationnaliser la notion de publicisation des espaces agricoles périurbains. Cette notion, encore peu courante en géographie, désigne tout processus qui transforme la nature d'espaces agricoles sous influence urbaine, les rendant plus publics. Ce processus, complexe, est composé de débats sur l'avenir des espaces agricoles périurbains et de pratiques spatiales qui illustrent leur multifonctionnalité (production, paysage, loisirs...). La première partie vise à théoriser la notion en construisant sa définition et une grille de lecture composée de cinq dimensions : juridique, sociale, politique, historique et économique. La deuxième partie décrit le processus par l'étude des débats qui ont lieu lors d'un projet d'Agenda 21 Local. L'objectif est de savoir si des débats qui débouchent sur des actions peuvent, en territoire périurbain, publiciser des espaces agricoles. Cette partie montre que la publicisation fluctue dans le temps et se matérialise dans des lieux agricoles. Dans une troisième partie, la publicisation est étudiée à l'échelle d'un territoire : la communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel. De l'analyse de ses projets politiques et associatifs, dont certains prévoient l'ouverture d'espaces agricoles au public, à l'analyse précise de six lieux du territoire, la publicisation est un phénomène pluriel. Une typologie de lieux agricoles périurbains publicisés rend compte de la diversité du processus: débats globaux et pratiques locales s'imbriquent dans la fabrique de lieux publicisés. Cette thèse débouche sur plusieurs perspectives de recherches pour éclairer les transformations à l'oeuvre dans les espaces agricoles périurbains.

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Mudliar, Preeti. „The curiosities of participation : a community's practice of participatory governance“. 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21512.

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This study employs the heuristic of practice to understand a community's experience of participatory governance in India. The purpose of the study was three-fold: 1) understand what the organizing principle of participation means to a community, 2) how participation is enacted in the community, and 2) how participatory sites of governance are conceptualized by the community. The study was based in KMG- a village in western Maharashtra, India where a total of 40-in-depth interviews (n = 40) were conducted. As a part of the Indian constitution, institutions of participatory governance are a part of the process to decentralize governance and devolve power to the people. While the vast body of literature on this topic assesses many different contexts of participatory governance, the literature has not paid adequate attention to what people themselves make of the practice of participation and how it is embedded in the routine of everyday life. The study contributes to the study of governance by identifying how the notion of participation becomes meaningful to people and how it is practiced. Through interviews and field observations, the dissertation constructs a thick ethnographic text that describes the experiences and interactions of the residents of KMG with participation and the governance structures in their village. The data was analyzed using the constant comparative method of grounded theory to identify the different 'acts' of participation that together provide the blueprint for governance in KMG. The three macro themes that came together to inform both the practice and barriers to participating in the KMG's governance were "The Material" -- the built environment of governance, "The Conceptual" -- the imagined nature of governance and the gram panchayat , and "The Personnel" -- the representatives of the governance structure in the village. Together, these themes contribute to the way the residents of KMG spoke about practicing and experiencing participation in their everyday life. Lastly, the study animates and deconstructs the notion of participation through a people-centered interrogation. In the process, it illuminates how the links between existing institutions and organic practices of a community drive the practice of participation and the implications it has for the inclusive governance of a community.
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Kihm, Hadyn Lindsey. „Participatory budgeting in Córdoba : a policy approach to strengthening democracy in Latin America“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1124.

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Participatory budgeting (PB) is a governing mechanism whereby citizens decide how to allocate part of a local budget. It promises greater accountability, efficiency, and citizen participation in the budgetary process with minimal cost and effort. The process is in place in hundreds of cities in Latin America, but what is unclear in the scholarship is what factors and pre-conditions determine its success. This case study of Córdoba, Argentina is useful for analyzing whether a consideration of pre-conditions is useful in predicting success. This study isolates the primary influential factors to determine why only 10% of projects have been completed and participation rates are declining by: examining the structure, funding, history, and political and social context of participatory budgeting; comparing Córdoba to other similar countries that have adopted participatory budgeting; conducting key informant interviews; and participating in PB workshops. Of the pre-conditions identified in the study, waning political will and political distractions most influenced the evolution of PB in Córdoba. Despite these setbacks, key individuals both inside the government, such as Director of Participatory Budgeting Jorge Guevara, and outside, such as the members of the Grupo Promotor de Participación Ciudadana (GPPC), operated as a web to generate social capital where institutional knowledge and political will were lacking. The presence of such a web suggests that given the opportunity, PB in Córdoba may yet improve and thrive. I conclude by recommending a strategic planning methodology as a means for cities to independently evaluate their participatory budgeting performance.
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Tranjan, Jose Ricardo. „Participatory Democracy in Brazil: Foundations, Developments, and Limits“. Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7203.

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A lack of historical perspective sustained the widespread view that participatory initiatives in Brazil represented a marked rupture from traditional forms of political engagement to radically new democratic practices. This view overlooks both incremental steps towards broader political participation taking place throughout the 20th century and setbacks restricting participation in the 1980s. This dissertation offers a historical account of the emergence of participatory democracy in Brazil that challenges this dominant view and calls attention to the importance of structural factors and national-level political-institutional contexts. Three case studies of municipal administrations in the late-1970s and early-1980s shine light on the impact of structural factors in the emergence, design, and outcome of participatory initiatives, and the contrast of these precursory experiences with the internationally known 1990s participatory models shows how participatory ideals and practices responded to the changing institutional context of the 1980s. This dissertation puts forward three central arguments. First, research should not treat citizen participation as a normative imperative but instead examine how it emerges through social and political struggles fueled by structural inequalities. Second, it is unfounded to assume that citizen participation will lead to profound transformations of national-level institutions, but it is equally erroneous to suppose that citizen participation is always intended to strengthen representative institutions; the long-term impact of direct citizen participation is an empirical rather than analytical or normative question. Third, a key challenge of participatory democracy today is to free itself from the inflated expectations imposed on it by its own enthusiastic supporters.

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Sibiya, Bongani Christopher. „The role of ward committees in enhancing participatory local governance : a case study of KwaMaphumulo Municipality“. Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9717.

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To strengthen democracy, the South African government established the ward committee system in accordance with Sections 72-78 of the Municipal Structures Act, 1998. The objective was to improve service delivery by bridging the gap between the respective communities and the municipal structures. Ward committees should be able to enhance participatory government. Public participation is essentially a process that engages communities from the planning to the implementation and the evaluation phases of a particular activity or a project. The ward committee structure should focus on increasing the involvement of the municipal communities when decisions are made within the local government sphere. The primary objective of this research was to establish the role of ward committees in enhancing local governance, with particular reference to Maphumulo Municipality. The objectives of the study were to provide an overview of the new mandate for future ward committees and trends in local governance affairs; review the roles of ward committees and transformation processes with particular reference to Maphumulo Municipality; and evaluate the concept of ward committees in the context of participatory developmental local government and the mandate enshrined in the Constitution. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches to understand the scope and nature under which ward committees operate to enhance local governance. The research has established that there are still important aspects regarding the roles of ward committees and community participation on which Maphumulo Municipality has still to improve. The municipality structures, particularly the Public Participation Unit, should work closely with the ward committees so that they will be able to drive community initiatives.
Thesis (MPA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2011.

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Mahzouni, Arian [Verfasser]. „Participatory local governance for sustainable community-driven development : the case of the rural periphery in the Kurdish region of Iraq / by: Arian Mahzouni“. 2007. http://d-nb.info/997607092/34.

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Bastos, Maria Inês Namorado Ferreira. „Governança partilhada em contextos de desenvolvimento local: o caso CLIP: recursos e desenvolvimento“. Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8847.

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O estudo pretende analisar o funcionamento de modelos de Governança Partilhada em contextos de Desenvolvimento Local, à luz do estudo de caso “CLIP – Recursos e Desenvolvimento”, contribuindo para a construção do conceito de Governança Partilhada e refletindo sobre os desafios e potencialidades de lógicas de ação tripartida entre os três sectores (público, privado e 3ºsector). Para tal, foca-se no conceito de Desenvolvimento Local, articulando duas abordagens: Desenvolvimento Regional Endógeno e Desenvolvimento assente em Estratégias Comunitárias de Base, aprofundando os conceitos de Parceria, Participação e Democracia Participativa. São desenvolvidos também os conceitos de Governança Territorial, Colaborativa e Solidária Local, propondo-se uma definição para o conceito de Governança Partilhada. Apesar de se concluir, através das entrevistas realizadas e observação participante, que o estudo de caso não reflete ainda uma experiência plena de Governança Partilhada, é possível definir-se alguns aspetos fulcrais sobre o conceito: é um processo de gestão e tomada de decisão coletiva entre os três sectores; implica participação e uma relação horizontal; tem, na sua génese, uma lógica de base comunitária; implica a existência de um ator animador, preferencialmente assente na sociedade civil; promove complementaridade entre as duas abordagens de Desenvolvimento Local apresentadas. Conclui-se que a morosidade dos processos de decisão é um dos riscos da experiência, sendo, em contrapartida, valorizada a inclusão dos três sectores num processo de decisão horizontal. Por fim, é reconhecida a necessidade de se continuar a aprofundar processos de Governança Partilhada, como possível resposta para intervenções em contextos de Desenvolvimento Local, com potencial de inovação, posicionando-se como uma alternativa a alguns desafios atualmente vividos pela sociedade.
The study aims to analyze the operation of Shared Governance models in the context of Local Development, focusing on the case study “CLIP - Resources and Development”, contributing to the construction of the concept of Shared Governance, also reflecting on the challenges and potentials of a tripartite action between the three sectors (public, private and 3rd sector). To this end, it focuses on the concept of Local Development, articulating two approaches: Regional Endogenous Development and Development with Community-Based Strategies, deepening the concepts of Partnership, Participation and Participatory Democracy. Are also developed the concepts of Territorial, Collaborative and Local Solidarity Governance, proposing a definition for the concept of Shared Governance. Although it is concluded, through interviews and participant observation, that the case study does not reflect a full experience of Shared Governance, you can set up some key aspects of the concept: it is a process of management and collective decision making between the three sectors; implies participation and a horizontal relationship; has its genesis in a community-based logic; implies the existence of an animator actor, preferably from civil society; promotes complementarity between the two Local Development approaches presented. We conclude that the slowness of decision-making is one of the risks of the experience, being in contrast, valued the inclusion of the three sectors in a horizontal decision making process. Finally, we recognized the need to continue to deepen processes of Shared Governance as possible response to interventions in contexts of local development, with potential for innovation, positioning itself as an alternative to some challenges currently experienced by society.

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Singh, Anirood. „Municipal representation as a mechanism to enhance local government efficiency: the role of associations for local authorities“. Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22990.

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Conceptually, South Africa is “one sovereign democratic state”, with a three-sphere governmental system operating co-operatively. Each sphere of government has “original” or constitutionally-allocated powers and functions, as well as legislative and executive powers. Thus, the governmental system is a hybrid or one sui generis, not benefiting from appropriate precedents. The status and autonomy given local government makes it somewhat unique in the world. Application of the principle of subsidiarity, and the mandate for local government to be developmental has resulted in the roles and responsibilities of municipalities being substantially increased, notwithstanding that most suffer from a lack of resources and capacity. Local authorities moved from the establishment of the first one in 1682 as providers of basic municipal services on the basis of race and affordability to democratically-elected ‘wall-to-wall’ municipalities in 2000. With 257 municipalities serving a population of 55.6 million, South African local authorities are comparatively large, spatially and demographically. Given the constitutional-statutory framework and the resultant complex operating environment, it is imperative that all municipalities are able to represent their interests in an intelligent, forceful, and unified manner on decision-making institutions to ensure a close fit between policies/programmes and peoples’ needs. Hence, effective municipal representation by knowledgeable, ethical and committed persons is imperative. The study provides a history of representation and local authority ‘development’ and underdevelopment in South Africa; a theoretical basis for representation; a review of formalism and government’s approach to development; co-operative governance and intergovernmental relations as a mechanism to facilitate municipal representation; an analysis local government powers, functions, status, autonomy, objects, rights and duties of municipalities; local participatory and representative democracy; and the establishment of municipalities. The constitutional and statutory provisions provide the foundation and framework to facilitate municipal representation. The study continues by analysing other mechanisms that enable municipal representation; a comparative review of local government and co-operative governance in certain select countries. It goes on to review the formal framework for organised local government in South Africa, including an overview of the South African Local Government Association (SALGA). Finally, findings and recommendations are made toward a model for municipal representation in South Africa.
Public, Constitutional and International Law
LL. D.

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Ntsime, Patrick Thipe. „Towards sustainable development : a participatory model for the water services sector in South Africa“. Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/671.

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This study is non-empirical and its design is based on three forms of analysis: conceptualisation, theoretical justification and strategic considerations for a participatory model in the water services sector in South Africa. In terms of the conceptualisation, the study addresses the old and new paradigms of sustainable development. First, it argues that for many years the concept of sustainable development has long dominated the development discourse. Second, the theoretical justification traces the evolution and meanings of sustainable development and also patterns and trends of the legacies of colonialism and apartheid. The descriptive analysis of apartheid and colonialism suggests a new development path for inclusive people-centred development. The study therefore postulates that in the South African context, sustainable development is both a political and a historical construct. This is the basis within which sustainable development should be understood. Third, the study concludes that context plays an important part in understanding and challenging the immoral and unjust practices of colonialism and apartheid which have militated against sustainable human development. The study further provides a description of the local government and water sectors and their underpinned legislative and policy framework, and notes impressive results in the delivery of basic water supply since 1994. However, the study argues that in order for municipalities to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities as water services authorities, they need to adopt a participatory model towards sustainable development since this is currently lacking. In doing so, the water services sector needs to overcome dangers of parochialism which were more evident from the supply-driven policy of the government. The study therefore draws lessons from three Latin American countries: Chile, Bolivia and Nicaragua, and proposes a new developmental path which conforms to the principles of sustainability. This development path is represented in the form of a dynamic, diagrammatic model for participatory sustainable development. This model displays successive stages and cycles of transaction between stakeholders. The model represents a decision support system which provides a conceptual framework for the diagnosis, consolidation and analysis of information. The model is thus a useful tool which can be applied in the public sector during project or programme implementation.
Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

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