Dissertationen zum Thema „Participatory approches“
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Truong, Dinh bao. „Participatory methods in surveillance and control of foot-and-mouth disease : how to better involve the farmers at local scale ?“ Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0056/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis aimed at evaluating the contribution of participatory epidemiology (PE) to improve the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance and control activities, especially the involvement of farmers at local level. The first objective aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the FMD surveillance and vaccination strategy at local level by using PE approach. The second objective aimed at assessing the feasibility of applying PE tools to improve the involvement of farmers in the FMD surveillance in Vietnam. PE methods performed in our study included informal interviews (focus group and individual), scoring tools (pairwise ranking, proportional pilling, disease impact matrix scoring and disease signs matrix scoring), visualization tools (mapping, timeline, flow chart) and sociological tools called Q methodology. 122 focus groups, 467 individual interviews, 339 questionnaire surveys were performed during two field studies in 2014 and 2015. 409 sera and 152 probang samples were taken. Conventional questionnaire surveys, Bayesian modelling and laboratory test (ELISA and rtRT-PCR) was used to validate the performance of PE in FMD surveillance. Disease was considered as the most important issues in animal production. FMD was the most important disease for dairy cattle production, followed by haemorrhagic septicaemia. For beef cattle production, it was recorded in reverse order. The most important disease for pig production was porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome while FMD was ranked fourth. Farmers showed their abilities in differential diagnostic of important diseases based on its clinical symptoms. Sero-prevalence of FMD were estimated at 23% for population 1 (bordering with Cambodia) and 31% for population 2 (locating far from the border), respectively. Sensitivity and Specificity of PE were found to be 59% and 81%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value were found to be 48% and 86% for population 1 and 58% and 81% for population 2, respectively. The presence of serotype A, lineage A/Asia/Sea-97 and serotype O with two separate lineages, O/ME-SA/PanAsia and O/SEA/Mya-98 supported virus circulation through trans-boundary animal movement activities. Dairy farms frequently applied quarantine, disinfection and vaccination as prevention methods. Beef farms preferred cleanliness and good husbandry management practices. Pig farms considered that all prevention methods had the same importance. Three distinct discourses “Believe”, “Confidence”, “Challenge”, representing common perceptions among farmers and accounting for 57.3 % of the variance, were identified based on Q methodology. Farmers take vaccination decisions themselves without being influenced by other stakeholders and feel more secure after FMD vaccination campaigns. However, part of the studied population did not consider vaccination to be the first choice of prevention strategy. The benefitcost ratio of FMD vaccination for dairy cow production in large-scale and in small-scale and meat cattle production were 37.2, 30.0 and 7.3, respectively. The sensibility analysis showed that FMD vaccination was profitable for all of production types even through the increase of vaccine cost and decrease of market price of milk and slaughter cattle. From the focus groups organized at sentinel villages, 18 new villages were identified as potentially infected by FMD. 77 suspected animals were confirmed positive for FMD, with viral serotypes O and A. Sensitivity and specificity of participatory surveillance were recorded at 0.75 and 0.65, respectively. The effectiveness of PE in FMD surveillance system to detect outbreak in Vietnam was demonstrated. It was demonstrated that vaccination was the most effective and economic method to prevent FMD. Through the application of simple, adaptive tools which facilitate direct and active participation of farmers, PE allowed to reach a better acceptability of surveillance and to obtain qualified information
Braiki, Houssem. „Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale“. Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Braiki, Houssem. „Construction d’une démarche participative pour améliorer la gestion de l’eau et du sol. Une application aux politiques des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols en Tunisie Centrale“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIIn central Tunisia, the agricultural intensification of irrigated agriculture generates local and regional environmental impacts, linked to an increased consumption of inputs and resources, including water and soil. In favor of a more sustainable agriculture and in order to inform public policies of agricultural development, it is necessary to assess the impacts of agricultural practices and water and soil conservation planning (WSCP), and this at the territory scale. The question is how to implement an environmental assessment approach in a context of 1) scarcity of reliable data including statistics, and complexity of farming practices, 2) prominence of socio-economic issues over environmental concerns 3) lack of knowledge of the perception of local actors on these issues and therefore of difficulty in identifying relevant indicators (scientific and of the stakeholders) and mobilizable. We propose an innovative approach to design and implement a participative approach involving different types of actors, to enable them to get more insights into each other's logic and perceptions of the impacts of agricultural practices and WSCP. This approach is designed to produce quality information by valuing local knowledge, share and take into account the perceptions of different stakeholders, and finally, build a consensus to contribute to the development of more effective WSCP policies. This approach has been structured in two main stages: the design of a community of practices articulated to a participatory systemic rapid diagnosis and the implementation of participatory workshops. The evaluation mobilized a dual mechanism including external observers and a satisfaction survey among participants. The survey is based on an evaluation grid of this approach, its outcomes and its short term induced effect. Sharing and taking into account the information and data collected, as well as the expertise and perceptions of the various stakeholders, has made possible to produce information deemed satisfactory or very satisfactory by all the participants. This nourished the knowledge of almost all the stakeholders and contributed to a constructive dynamic of collective learning. Our approach has contributed significantly to the evolution of perceptions and to a stronger mutual understanding between government officials and farmers. A dashboard grouping the indicators mobilized by each stakeholder was discussed and allowed to highlight convergences and differences in their analysis grids. The gradual and adaptive structuring of the approach, the choices of the stakeholders, the venues for the workshops and the use of a neutral facilitator were very important factors for the commitment and the mobilization of the stakeholders, in particular at the central scale, in this operational space for consultation on territorial issues, agricultural practices and WSCP. This work demonstrates the interest of integrating the engineering of consultation and environmental assessment within one approach and its feasibility in a difficult context for the ACES policies implementation
Kefi, Souha. „Le bricolage comme cadre d’analyse de l’adaptation des agroéquipements pour une durabilité des systèmes agricoles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COMP2799.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis explores the role of tinkering as a framework for analyzing the adaptation of agricultural equipment to promote the sustainability of agricultural systems. The initial results of surveys conducted with dealers and agricultural advisors highlight shortcomings such as commercial bias and terminological confusions. An additional study based on YouTube videos sheds lights on the importance of agricultural DIY, particularly focusing on soil and seed drills. Interviews with farmers reveal their growing interest in soil conservation agriculture as a response to climate change, as well as their tendency to customize their equipment, especially seed drills, to make them more suitable for new agricultural practices. The modularity of agricultural equipment emerges as a necessity to meet the evolving needs of farmers and promote more resilient and sustainable agriculture. Lastly, the interaction between technical advances in agronomy and equipment DIY is emphasized, underscoring the importance of technology innovation tailored to the practical needs of farmers for a more flexible and sustainable agriculture
Akerkar, Akli. „L'experience algérienne de développement rural, des villages socialistes aux projets de proximité de développement rural intégré ˸ Cas de la wilaya de Bejaia“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to test the relevance of the theoretical, methodological and political bases of the territorial approach of rural development in the marginalized zones of Algeria. The challenge is to highlight and to seize, in the light of the principles of territorial development, the practices, the representations and the stumbling blocks of the design and the implementation of the Durable National strategy of rural development and its local translation in the rural areas in difficulty of the wilaya of Bejaia, region of our case study. The Object of this new policy in Algeria is approached under the angle of analysis of the public policies and the political sociology of the public action. This approach multilevel, multi-actors and multidimensional, leads us to favor some fundamental concepts of the discipline of the territorial economy: coordination and synergy between actors, social configuration of the actors, multi sector integration, local governance, local system of action, process of collective learning. On the methodological level, this research is based on a qualitative approach by privileging semi-structured interviews undertaken with 164 main actors of the Durable National strategy of rural development of the wilaya of Bejaia (SWDRD). it is composed of three parts adding up eight chapters.The empirical study of the implantation of the projects of proximity of rural development integrated (PPRDI) on the rural areas of the Wilaya of Bejaia rests on three entries of analysis.In the first time, the study of the organization and the conditions of implementation of the SWDRD shows that the tools and instruments on which this new approach known as” territorial of the development'' should be based rest incomplete, are exceeded, slightly adapted by the local actors and even non-existent. On the institutional level, one notes that the choices of the SWDRD are deeply influenced by the dependence with path created by traditional institution directed towards the modernization of agriculture to the detriment of a total rural development, historically marginalized and regarded as a residual sector. In the second time, the evaluation of the actions of the 56 PPRDI validated by the technical committee of the Wilaya between the year 2003 and December 2010 constitutes our second entry of analysis. The path dependancy has been translated by the division into sectors and more precisely in the agricolisation of rural development. Thus the diversification of the economic activities likely to engage an entrepreneurial dynamic in the rural areas where is ignored. If the objectives of the SWDRD are considered to be relevant with the difficult socio- economic situation of the rural areas, they are too ambitious and little adapted to the needs expressed by the local actors, they miss complementariy, they are not accompanied by suitable means and they are sometimes in contradiction with the objectives of the other concomitant interventions of which been the subject these zones. These failures of implementation explain the very mitigated impacts of the SWDRD. Lastly, the institutional analysis of the methods of the local translation of the SWDRD reveals the main difficulties with which the territorialisation of the public action is confronted, and consequently, the emergence of the projects of territories in Algerian rural environment. The implementation of the SWDRD is still characterized by an state voluntarism very powerful and raises of local governance directed and framed by the only public power. Furthermore, the choice of the approach of development of the village soils as mode of territorialisation of the SWDRD causes the problems of the territorial relevance and thus of the integration of the dynamics of the projects to that of the territory
Edward, Marie. „The reform complexities of the irrigation water system in Egypt : institutional change and socioeconomic constraints“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC047.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe irrigation water sector in Egypt relies on a well-defined central management framework, the integrated role of the different concerned stakeholders, including the local-level informal actors, and on how the water users perceive the value of their water resources and collectively contribute to the management mechanism. With the rising complexities, namely, poor quality, water shortage, unfair distribution and poor cost recovery, the collective approach has been progressively replaced by more individualistic actions that lead to conflicts of interest and calls for reforms. Adaptive solutions are a form of change among the water users who seek to cope with the challenges they face. Another form is a government-driven reform that supports the participatory approach through the establishment of Water Users Organizations (WUOs). The rationale behind this formalization of the informal actors is that when collective efforts of a particular group who holds common interests and is functioning under mutually accepted and compelled set of norms and rules, it is believed that it becomes more feasible to raise their level of participation in the management process. They would hence contribute to realizing more equitable water allocation and distribution and better operation and maintenance of the irrigation systems. Although the WUOs can be viewed as suitable settings for restoring collective action and improving the management at the local level, a number of institutional, financial and structural challenges hinder their functions and their capacity in meeting the interests of the concerned stakeholders and hence render their sustainability uncertain
Jankeviciute, Laura. „Internet et les préadolescents : quels usages ? : approche visuelle et participative“. Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLamarque, Pénélope. „Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ecosystem service (ES) concept is increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and is spreading into policy and business circles to draw attention to the benefits that people receive from biodiversity and ecosystems. Nevertheless, while the number of case studies considering various dimensions of the interactions between ecosystems and land use via ES has been steadily increasing, integrated research addressing interrelationships between biodiversity, ES and land use has remained mostly theoretical. This thesis aims through a socio-ecological approach to understand: (1) Which ES are potentially delivered given ecological dynamics, (2) how these ES are perceived by stakeholders in terms of value and knowledge, (3) how human management affects ES delivery, and (4) how ES are taken into account in land management decisions, thereby considering feedbacks from ecosystem to the land use system through ES. To address these questions, an interdisciplinary study was conducted on Villar d'Arène (French Alps) a municipality where the subalpine landscape is shaped by extensive mountain livestock farming. Statistical modelling and geographical information systems where combined to analyse the determinants of the spatial distribution of biodiversity and ES within the landscape using ecological (including plant functional traits), biophysical and land-use data. The following ES were mapped: agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, carbon storage, soil fertility, soil moisture, conservation of plant diversity and pollination. These allowed us to quantify trade-offs and synergies in the current landscape and to identify key management types supporting multifunctionality. The dynamics of ES was projected under four different scenarios integrating climatic, socio-economic and land-use changes, which were developed using a participative approach with regional experts and local farmers. Analyses of projected scenario impacts showed that ES synergies and trade-offs evolve differently when considering direct effects of climate on ecosystems, and/or their indirect effects through farmers adaptive responses. Interviews with local stakeholders (experts from nature conservation and agricultural extension, farmers and inhabitants) of mountain grasslands showed that the ES concept is still relatively unknown in explicit terms. Nevertheless after defining ES to interviewees, they expressed a variety of relevant interests and knowledge. Although all stakeholders valued a common set of ecosystem services (agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, and conservation of plant diversity), we identified negative and positive representations of the effects of grassland management on ecosystem services, depending on stakeholders perceptions of the relationships between soil fertility and biodiversity, and biodiversity and the other services. Finally, a role-playing game explored how ES cognition mediated environmental feedbacks on farmers' behaviours. Results emphasized the influence of other factors such as socio-economic or climatic context, topographic constraints, social value of farming or farmer individual and household characteristics, on the link between ES and land-management decisions. This case study demonstrates the interest of an integrated approach decomposing the feedback loop from ecosystems to land use when studying ES for scientific or policy purposes
Van, Frank Gaëlle. „Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Loudin, Sarah. „Can we use a social experiment to assess the impact of participatory processes for water management? Studying a generic method tackling the evaluation of capabilities“. Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02524967.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe involvement of people in decision-making processes concerning the management of their natural resources has been largely promoted by institutional actors, from national to international scale. Its evaluation is important to determine its effectiveness and support governance. That is why we proposed in this thesis to develop an evaluation tool of the impacts of public participation through time on people and groups of people. To do this, we explore the use of a social experiment to perform this task, and focus on the capabilities of people, that is to say their valued freedoms of being and doing. Hence, the main research question of this thesis is the following: is it possible to use a social experiment based on a role-playing game to evaluate the impact of participatory processes for water management on its participants?We focused on three capabilities related to important states of being and action in the field of participatory decision-making for water resource management: being able as an individual to express oneself in a determined social context; being able to collectively make the diagnosis of a problematic situation; and being able to collectively make rules to manage a socio-ecosystem and implement them.We designed the CappWag experiment, a mixed-method evaluation tool based on an ad hoc role-playing game called CAPPWAG (divided in an ex ante version, CAPPWAG-RIVER, and an ex post version, CAPPWAG-LAKE), a questionnaire and a collective debriefing. We implemented the CappWag experiment on two case studies: a one-time evaluation of capabilities in Tunisia through the PR-OSCAR project, and an ex ante ex post evaluation in France with first-year Water Master’s students taking part in a course on Integrated water resource management. The results showed that the capabilities evaluated in the twelve groups of players varied greatly in terms of existence and strength. In the Master’s case study, the evolution of the three capabilities in the three-month span of the IWRM course was just as diverse and despite our expectations, they did not always increase, and sometimes even decreased. The methodology we used to analyze the data proved to be an interesting compromise between the collection and treatment of the data and the precision of the final results delivered to researchers, but also practitioners and participants. The evaluation of a collective capability was the most difficult part of the analyses, because of the multiple group configuration that can take place during a workshop. Despite the efforts undertaken to make the evaluation tool as appealing as possible to participants and practitioners, its inclusion within participatory processes could still be improved, in order to ensure its double implementation (ex ante and ex post). The capability approach that serves as a conceptual framework in this research does presents strong assets to capture the motivations, interests and capacities of participants in terms of water resource management and collective action. In order to be even more useful to practitioners and participants, our evaluation tool would benefit from the collection and treatment of additional information concerning people’s involvement in the real-life evaluated participatory process or training and to the events and social dynamics taking place outside of the evaluation tool
El, Mnasfi Mustapha. „Les dispositifs institutionnels dans les politiques de lutte contre l’exclusion urbaine - Le cas des dispositifs participatifs dans le PNRU en France et dans l’INDH en milieu urbain au Maroc : Approche comparative entre deux métropoles françaises (Lille et Amiens) et deux métropoles marocaines (Rabat et Casablanca)“. Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS016S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of the present work is to understand the impact of participative mechanisms at the level of relationship between representatives of public authorities and representatives of the civil society mobilized around the procedures set up within the framework of the « National Urban Renewal Program » (NURP) in France and of the « National Initiative for Human Development » (NIHD) in urban areas in Morocco. This will enable us to elucidate the convergences and divergences between the two cases.The data of this research is based on 70 semi-structured interviews. They were conducted with public actors and members of the civil society involved in the « NURP » in France and the « NIHD in urban areas » in Morocco.In this dissertation I argue that the participative mechanisms implemented within the framework of the NURP and the NIHD in urban areas contribute to the transformation of the relationship between representatives of the public authorities and the association’s representatives. These mechanisms gave rise to the emergence of "professionals" of participation. The survey also argues that authorities use the associative resources to produce public action in working class districts. In this context, the associative actors carry out actions which should have been accomplished by public agents
Correa, Delgado Sofía. „Caractérisation agronomique et des protéines du gluten de trois espèces de blés vêtus en région lyonnaise par une approche de recherche participative“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENSL0108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmidst a backdrop of socio-ecological crisis that raises questions about the capacity of industrial agriculture to ensure food security and quality food, agroecology has emerged as an increasingly credible alternative. A pivotal aspect of agroecology is the reintroduction of cultivated biodiversity into agri-food systems. This thesis focuses on three marginal wheat species, known as "hulled wheats" : einkorn, emmer, and spelt. It aims to assess their agronomic viability, as well as their nutritional quality, with a specific focus on the composition of gluten proteins. Situated in the Lyon region, this research embraces a participatory approach, aligning with two core principles of agroecology : the relocalization of food systems and the breaking down of barriers between research and the wider community. During this thesis, we evaluated 23 hulled wheat varieties, in comparison with eight common wheat varieties. This work was done in collaboration with a botanical resource center, a farmers’ association, and six farmers. The results show that einkorn clearly differs from the other three species, in terms of agronomic features and gluten composition. In particular, einkorn is characterized by an elevated tillering potential, a high protein content, and a notably low proportion of glutenins. The study also revealed high levels of intra-specific variability, particularly within the set of emmer varieties, which highlights the value of these species as a source of diversity. Finally, the evaluation undertaken during this thesis enabled us to identify varieties with noteworthy characteristics, either agronomically or in relation to gluten protein composition. Beyond the results of the variety evaluation, this thesis provides a reflective analysis of the participatory research process, identifying its strengths and limitations, and presenting recommendations for its improvement. In conclusion, this thesis lays the groundwork for the continuation of the hulled wheat evaluation project, encompassing both the evaluation methodology and the participatory approach
Monfort, Amélie. „Réception sociale des modes de gestion du risque de submersion marine : une approche d’évaluation de la simulation participative appliquée aux littoraux français métropolitains“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, coastal risk management is a central topic in discussions regarding the adaptation of coastal areas to climate change. Since the 2010s, this has been based on the promotion of alternative measures to hard defense, through soft solutions and the managed retreat of goods and activities. However, the implementation of these measures remains challenging for local stakeholders due to socio-technical and institutional factors. The originality of this thesis lies in examining the conditions of “social reception” of alternative measures, through a participatory simulation (PS) during which participants experiment with various strategies for managing the risk of coastal flooding. The PS is based on territorial archetypes and deployed in partnership with field organizations. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, game and “reality” frameworks, and a territorial approach to design, this study provides an exploratory analysis of how the PS influences the social reception dynamics among local risk managers in different metropolitan areas. We study the various ways in which the PS can be used by partners to implement or enhance local policies on coastal flooding and to explore the conditions offered for debate and reflexive experimentation according to the territorial anchoring of the PS. We examine the factors that influence the reception of measures, notably related to temporal scales and the weight of geographical configurations. Finally, we investigate the individual effects of the PS on representations of complexity, management strategies and the identification of adaptation levers
Morelle, Thibaut. „Conservation et développement en République Démocratique du Congo : pour une approche participative des espaces protégés au Kivu oriental, le cas des chefferies de Bwisha (Nord Kivu) et de Kabare (Sud Kivu)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes an analysis of projects integrating nature conservation and development in the Democratic Republic of Congo on the eastern part of Kivu, in the movement of participatory approaches which have developed since the 1980s within multilateral cooperation projects. We highlight the areas with conservation issues that are the object of integrated conservation and focus a diversity of actors around the management of natural resources. These articulations focus on the waterfront areas of the Virunga and Kahuzi Biega national parks, particularly in the Bwisha and Kabare chiefdoms. However, these regions face several aggravating situations: high population density, difficult socio-economic conditions in which people live, characterized by a lack of land and poverty. Those involved in conservation must take into account these factors and then the various forms of conflict which may affect the peripheries and protected areas. Conservation is organised around a central/peripheral opposition between protected natural areas to be conserved, and riparian areas conducive to human activities.However, it engenders methods of management, of development sometimes out of step with the populations, and in particular local land practices; this can be at the origin of power relations, conflicts in the management of protected areas and constitute obstacles to the participation of local populations in conservation activities. At the heart of this research is the study of integrated conservation in national parks and the associated management arrangements
Blangy-Martin, Sylvie. „Co-construire le tourisme autochtone par la recherche-action participative et les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication : une nouvelle approche de la gestion des ressources et des territoires“. Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30085/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAboriginal communities have been over researched in the past. They are looking at new ways to regain and recapture their culture, language and identity and are in the procès of taking ownership of research processes, concepts and tools. In an attempt to revisit participatory-action research approach and adapt it to aboriginal contexts, we have developed research collaborations with 13 communities from Northern Canada (Cree and Inuit) and Northern Scandinavia (Saami) and organised 20 workshops using collaborative research techniques and tools developed by Chevalier and Buckles from Carleton University. This approach and the tool kit we produced prove to be useful and timely. We were able to address the concerms and challenges that the communities have to face, develop research collaborations between the Cree, the Inuit and the Saami, study community engagement processes in tourism projects and explore new aboriginal research metholodogies. At the same time and during this 3 year Marie Curie research fellowship, we have been exploring the possibilities of developing collaborative research on line via the web 2.0 and ITC. We uploaded 200 aboriginal tourism initiatives represented in the “Aboriginal Destinations” Guidebook, connected their authors in a Content Management System SPIP (www.aboriginal-ecotourism.org), incorporating a variety of integrated technologies: Google Maps™ to provide the geographic placement of the communities; a webbased survey to produce dynamic statistical data to translate the information provided in the narratives/articles into statistical data; discussion forums to add qualitative comments to the quantitative data
Ouendo, Edgard-Marius D. „Indigence et soins de santé primaires en République du Bénin: approche de solutions au problème d'identification des indigents dans les formations sanitaires publiques“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMéthode: Après un état des lieux de la situation des indigents dans le système de santé au Bénin, trois études ont été réalisées pour approfondir la question des indigents;
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Alattar, Farah Basma. „Débats participatifs en ligne et hors ligne en milieu scolaire - Pour une éducation à la citoyenneté“. Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOur action-research refers to active and project pedagogy. We have considered ways of developing participatory debates in schools, using a digital environment; we have based this reflection on a concrete experience conducted from a Parisian high school: a multilingual simulation of international parliaments that we have named "Parliament of Future Citizens".We first highlighted the role of these discussions and consultations in raising students' awareness of the need to build a more humane world. We have complemented this training in debates with the creation of a Non-Governmental Organization in the field of health. The objective was to give citizenship education its deep meaning by allowing Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian and Turkish pupils to move from a virtual space of discussion to an associative space of mediation that works for solidarity actions. Finally, through the establishment of a Hackathon with European students, we have demonstrated that competition and democratic debates aimed at inclusive education are complementary and mutually developing.Managing an international educational environment for online and offline debates in high-school requires the teacher to implement rigorous social engineering, training and education, thought in terms of tools, planning and human resources management. This hybrid education organization must be able to combine online devices with dedicated tools ranging from content aggregators, forums, training sites, online voting to the organization of the platform dedicated to e-learning
Darroman, Mélanie. „Renaissance de l'habitat participatif en France : vers de nouvelles formes négociées de fabrication de la ville ? Deux études de cas dans l'agglomération bordelaise : le projet HNord (Bordeaux) et La Ruche (Bègles)“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0485.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis questions the combined effects of the challenges of sustainable urban development and a growing priority for inhabitants – users – citizens, to participate in contemporary metropolitan production. Since the early 2000s, there is in France an emergence of alternative housing experiences as a result of social demands. The generic term of « participative housing », recently defined by the bill for access to housing and urban renovation (ALUR), published in the Official Journal on March 26, 2014, gathers with one voice, the variety of these initiatives at work, contributing to ensure the dynamic structuring and dissemination of the participative housing movement. Referring to the civil protests of 1970-1980, criticizing modern urban planning and public policy, the current projects tackle once again of how to combine the inhabitants expertise with professional expertise in the production of housing, and more broadly in the decision-making processes of regional planning. Producing innovative participatory practices, the resurgence of participative housing reveals different logics of social commitments on the part of citizens, activists and professionals, and negotiated forms of housing production. As a consequence, the « bottom-up » dynamic, based on the demands and initiatives of the inhabitants, opposes the « top-down » dynamic, based on the initiative of politico-institutional bodies in full renewal of their modes of action and know-how. Supported by a multi-dimensional framework of negotiations, the thesis analyzes the interactions and forms of hybridization of this ongoing collective production through a three dimensional approach : the value related dimension, to set the base of social transactions ; the organizational and relational dimension to observe the micro-political groups-projects ; the procedural dimension to grasp the temporality of the project and the key moments of negotiation of the whole process. For this, we build on two case studies in the Bordeaux area, being subject to processes of metropolization : the case of the residents cooperative HNord in the Dupaty housing block in Bordeaux ; and the multi-partnered participative housing project, La Ruche, in the town of Bègles within the framework of the « Operation of National Interest » (OIN) Bordeaux-Euratlantique. Governed by a CIFRE program with the « Local Planning and Development authority » (EPA) Bordeaux-Euratlantique, the research is based on an ethnographic approach : participant observation, interviews with target stakeholders and a literature review. The investigations conducted at different scales offer a macro, meso and micro-social understanding of the process of participative housing production and dissemination. The results of the thesis highlight the partnership conditions between different groups of stakeholders – inhabitants, institutions and expertsn – in the production of participative housing leading to a societal and professional paradigm shift through a renewal of ways of living, knowledge and expertise. Thus, we propose a reflection on ways and possibilities how to integrate this collective and civic dynamics in the decision-making processes of urban planning for metropolitan production and to see how this participatory and collaborative phenomenon can serve as an innovative tool in territorial management for our future cities
Turcotte, Annie. „Processus de facilitation d'une pratique réflexive, de type codéveloppement, auprès d'infirmières pivots en oncologie et son influence sur leur pratique professionnelle“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8580.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo categories of competencies influence all professional practice: disciplinary skills and relational skills. According to the conceptual model of this study, reflective practice (RP) helps the professional develop the latter, by way of a deepening of consciousness and a self-critique of the tacit components of one’s practice, such as one’s values and beliefs, perceptions and action strategies, in order to render them more effective and satisfying when problem solving. In this study, RP sought to help a group of oncology pivot nurses (OPNs) reflect and act on the components of their practice that contributed to certain persistent relational difficulties experienced with nursing leaders, colleagues and families, which in turn, they felt had an impact on the health experience of families affected by cancer. The literature review conducted in this study however, supports that there are an insufficient number of studies regarding the influence of RP on nursing practice and on the development of relational competencies by nurses. The following theoretical and methodological gaps have, amongst others, been reported: the RP studied was not always based on a clear conceptual model and the aim sought by RP wasn`t always stated; no study has documented in what way RP had been developed and, once acquired, in what manner it had contributed to the results; and finally, none of the identified studies explored the influence of the integration of RP by the nurse, and took into account the perspectives of the families that benefited from their care. Taking these gaps into consideration, this study used a participatory action research approach in order to document the facilitation of RP and its influence on the relational competencies of OPNs’ as well as on other areas like personal, organizational and clinical ones. Six OPNs took part in the intervention of the study for a one year period. Five colleagues from care teams and a dozen family members affected by cancer participated in the evaluation of its influence. The study results suggest that the OPNs who develop a deeper RP, that is one that involves their feelings and internal needs, are able to establish more mutual relationships with colleagues and families because of important changes made with regards to their values and principles, perceptions and action strategies. The results of the study also support that these changes in nursing practice yielded positive effects. The OPNs spoke about improved work related satisfaction and of benefits on their health. The majority of OPNs and participant colleagues in the study reported a calmer work climate and more satisfactory team processes, for example, when problem-solving. Finally, when OPNs integrate a more mutual approach, families reported a reduction of their concerns and of their psychological distress, a greater capacity to make sense of their cancer experience, a higher quality of communication within their family or with the health care team.
Goulet, Marie-Hélène. „Retour post-isolement en milieu psychiatrique : développement, implantation et évaluation d’une intervention en soins aigus“. Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15961.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn Quebec, seclusion with or without restraint (SR) affects nearly one in four patients in psychiatric wards (Dumais, Larue, Drapeau, Ménard & Giguère-Allard, 2011). It is widely recognized that this practice affects patients, nurses, and organizations (Stewart, Van der Merwe, Bowers, Simpson, & Jones, 2010). Coercive measures pose an ethical dilemma and are the object of policies aimed at reducing or even eliminating their use. Studies on patients’ experience and nurses’ perception of seclusion showed the need for a review of the seclusion event. Several teams of researchers proposed a post-seclusion and-or restraint review (PSRR) involving both the staff and the patient as an intervention to reduce the incidence of SR. It aims at exchanges on emotions, analysis of the steps leading to the decision to use SR, and projection of future interventions. The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a PSRR with patient and staff of an acute psychiatric care unit to improve their care experience. The research questions were: 1) What is the context of implementation of the PSRR? 2) What are the facilitators and barriers to PSRR implementation according to patients and staff? 3) What is the point of view of patients and staff regarding the modalities and impact of PSRR?, and 4) Is PSRR implementation associated with a decreased prevalence of SR and a reduction of hours spent in SR? This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995, 2008) was rooted in a participatory approach. The case was an acute psychiatric care unit specialized in first-episode psychosis. To document the context prior to the implementation of the PSRR, the principal investigator went through a 56-hour immersion on the unit and individually interviewed a convenience sample of staff (n= 14) and patients (n= 3). A committee of experts (the principal investigator, six nurses from the unit and a patient partner) developed the two PSRR tools (one for the patient and one for the staff) that were implemented. To evaluate the impact of the PSRR, patients (n = 3) and staff (n =12) were interviewed and data on the prevalence and duration of SR were collected before (6 months) and after (6 months) the implementation of the PSRR. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis (Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, 2014) and administrative data were analyzed with descriptive and non-parametric statistics. The findings were that, for patients, the context of implementation was defined by implicit and explicit standards. They felt they had to conform to staff expectations and unit’s rules. Patients believed that the use of SR could create a vicious circle of aggressive behaviours fuelled by their profound feeling of injustice regarding SR. Participants’ viewpoint showed the ongoing need to foster opportunities for authentic communication, especially through a PSSR. The practice of PSSR seemed to vary from one staff member to the other. For staff, findings suggested that the main facilitator for the implementation of the PSRR was the study’s participatory approach, while barriers were related to the difficulties in involving all witnesses of the SR witnesses within the staff PSSR. During the PSRR with the patient, nurses felt they could explore patient’s feelings and point of view, which led to the restoration of the therapeutic relationship. The staff PSRR was perceived as a learning opportunity and allowed for adjusting the patient’s treatment plan. There was a significant reduction in the use and the duration of seclusion in comparison with data prior to implementation. The findings highlighted the possibility to overcome the perceived discomfort of all parties regarding SR by systematizing the use of a PSRR with patients and staff. Additionally, the findings emphasized the need for a genuine presence of the nurse to achieve meaningful sharing in the therapeutic relationship, which is the cornerstone of mental health nursing. This study contributed to knowledge on the management of aggressive behaviour in psychiatric settings by shedding light on the context in which SR practices occur, by offering two PSRR tools, and by exploring the impact of their implementation. The results supported the potential of a participatory research approach in which patients and staff perspectives were taken into account to develop alternatives approaches to the use of SR.
Felx, Amélie. „Ressources résidentielles pour adultes avec un trouble mental : développement d'un modèle et d'un instrument de mesure“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11924.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIt is still a challenge to systematically describe housing for adults with severe mental illness and identify attributes that differentiate between facilities. While revisiting housing conceptualization, this research project objective is threefold: (1) identify common and commensurate housing attributes, dimensions and domains; (2) generate a new housing model; (3) develop an environmental instrument to describe housing ranging from 24-hour staffed congregate settings to apartment with no onsite support. Methods: Phase 1: A mixed-methods participatory approach as well as a purposeful sampling strategy designed to gather a mixture of relevant viewpoints were used. Participants were from five regions of Quebec and included multiple stakeholders (e.g. consumers, family members, operators of facilities, managers). As part of a six-step group concept mapping process, participants brainstormed (n = 221), rated (n = 416) and sorted (n = 73) into categories housing attributes. Participants (n = 12) were also involved in the interpretation of the conceptual maps produced using two-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (total incidents of participation = 722). These maps and the rating data obtained from a subgroup of participants (n = 228) were used to conduct principal components analyses (PCAs) to refine the conceptualization. Phase II: An instrument was designed, used and adjusted. The study design included two focus groups with experts (n = 23) as well as a cross sectional survey with 258 residential facilities. The instrument was administered using audio-taped semi-structured telephone interviews (130 minutes in average). Results: Participants brainstormed 1382 statements (99.5% saturation). The conceptual maps (MDS stress value = 0.2302, 10 iterations) comprised 140 selected statements (housing attributes), 12 dimensions and five preliminary domains. Corroboration and refinement using PCAs retained four domains, 11 components (α = 0.600 to 0.933) and 81 attributes. The domains are: (1) geo-physical environment; (2) milieu atmosphere and functioning; (3) provision of services and support; (4) organizational and managerial practices. Based on Phase I and II results, the environmental instrument comprises 4 domains, 10 dimensions and 83 attributes. It also includes descriptive variables. Conclusion: The instrument was designed with stakeholders’ inputs and based on conceptual, statistical and empirical considerations. It provides a multifaceted facility profile based on multiple levels attributes. It covers several elements of healthcare quality assessment starting from the assumption that there is no ideal setting for all.