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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Paroi cellulaire végétale – Imagerie“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Paroi cellulaire végétale – Imagerie"
Cuello, Clément. „Vers l'élaboration d'un modèle de construction des parois secondaires des fibres de bois chez le peuplier“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2021. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2021ORLE3118_va.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrees are able to grow high et survive many years thanks to their wood properties. Wood delivers three major functions in trees : (i) water conduction, (ii) mechanical support et (iii) nutrient storage. In Angiosperm trees, vessels, fibers et parenchyma rays are respectively assigned to these functions, each of them following their own development scheme. Cell wall composition et structure varies greatly depending on cell type, developmental stage et environmental conditions. This complexity therefore represents a hindrance to study the molecular mechanisms of wood formation. However, this can be circumvented by the development of cell-specific approaches.This work aims at characterizing fiber development, focusing on their secondary cell wall, developing cell-specific methods et integrative analysis at the cell level. Development of ATR-FTIR hyperspectral imaging enabled to finely characterize differences in cell wall composition between cell types in a tree et within cell types in different types of wood. Transcriptomics data obtained by RNA-Seq of microdissected fibers et rays gave rise to major differences in the transcriptome of these two cell types. Combining both kind of result led to the identification of key players in fibers development. Hence, this work opens up new research hypothesis, which could lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wood fiber development, including from a dynamic perspective
Morel, Oriane. „Characterization of the spatial distribution of lignins in plant cell walls using chemical reporters and Raman“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLignin is a polyphenolic polymer of the cell wall involved in many aspects of growth and development in higher plants. As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, it is also of economic interest. Although the biosynthesis of the lignin polymer is relatively well understood, we need to know more about how changes (quantity/structure) to other cell wall polymers (e.g., cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins) affect lignin production. To provide more information on this question we implemented a two-phase approach based on the use of biological imaging. The first phase involved the development/improvement of different high-resolution complementary imaging techniques. We firstly developed a novel quantitative ratiometric approach (REPRISAL) based on the parametric/artificial intelligence segmentation of confocal microscopy images obtained by lignin chemical reporter bio-orthogonal chemistry. This methodology allowed us to precisely map the lignification capacity of different cell wall layers (cell corner, compound middle lamella and secondary cell wall) in Arabidopsis WT plants and the prx64 mutant. In a second development, we modified the REPRISAL segmentation algorithim thereby enabling it to be used to map relative cell wall lignin levels determined by the ratiometric safranin-O fluorescence technique. Finally, we used Raman imaging to compare the ability of three different multivariate analytical methods (unmixing, cluster analysis and orthogonal matching) to provide detailed spatial information about the distribution of different polymers in plant cell walls. In the second phase we used the developed/improved imaging techniques to analyse whether changes to cell wall hemicelluloses affect lignification in the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant. Our results demonstrated that changes in the distribution of cell wall hemicelluloses do indeed modify the lignification process, particularly in the younger parts of the plant floral stem. Targeted transcriptomics of selected cell wall genes suggested that the observed changes could be related to the induction of a defence response. Overall, the techniques developed within the framework of this thesis should prove valuable for future studies of cell wall dynamics. The results obtained on the irx9 mutant provide a novel insight into the dynamic relationships that exist between different polymers of the plant cell wall
Tesson, benoît. „Mécanismes de formation, structure et composition de la paroi de deux diatomées modèles : Phaeodactylum triconutum (Bohlin) et Thalassiosira pseudonana (Hasle et Heimdal)“. Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of the present work is the structural and biochemical characterization of the walls of diatoms, and the localization of their intracellular silicon. The 3 morphotypes of P. Tricornutum (oval, fusiform and triradiate) were characterized structurally and mechanically, mechanisms of transition from one form to another were studied. The analysis of the wall surface of P. Tricornutum morphotypes reveals the presence of about 1% silicon in the form of silica (SiO2) and a weakly condensed species. Triradiate and fusiform wall contains about 30% proteins, 25% polysaccharides and 45% lipids, the oval form is enriched in lipids (55 %) and polysaccharides (30 %) with 13 % of proteins. Formation of mineral structure and silicon bioavailability has been studied in culture of P. Tricornutum, in relation with medium alkalinization and exopolymer excretion. The mineral and organic components of T. Pseudonana frustule were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The presence of acylglycérol was detected in the wall of T. Pseudonana, carboxylic and phosphates groups seem to be in contact with the silicon inside the wall. A relatively condensed silicon species, probably in the form of a "sol" was found inside the cell, this “silica sol” is probably used by the cell as a precursor for the synthesis of frustule
Christiaen, Daniel. „Structures et fonctions des polyosides matricielles de la paroi de Gracilaria verrucosa“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596731q.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLouvet, Romain. „Approches biochimique et moléculaire du développement de la silique chez Arabidopsis thaliana (L. ) : Régulation et fonctions des Pectine MéthylEstérases“. Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0109.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePlant cell wall is a complex network which consists of phenolic, proteic and polysaccharadic compounds. The latter comprises notably cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins. Homogalacturonans, which are one of the main pectic compounds, can be demethylesterified by cell wall bases enzymes, pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3. 1. 1. 11), a multigenic family of 66 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we have quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the cell wall polysaccharides composition during silique development in Arabidopsis. The decrease in the degree of methylesterification of homogalacturonan and the increase of total PME activity during silique maturation has lead us to investigate the variation in the expression of the 66 PMEs genes, using RT-qPCR, during this developmental process. Our results showed that PME gene expression can be clustered into five groups, and allowed some gene of interest to be chosen for further analysis. For several candidates, the precise tissue localization was realised using promoter::GUS fusions. This showed that one PME gene, At5g47500, is expressed in the shoot apical meristem and is coexpressed in many tissues with the At5g20740 gene, which encodes a putative PME inhibitor. A functional genomic approach showed that the function of AT5G47500 might be related to the fine tuning of the degree of methylesterification in meristematic tissues, which could play a role in the changes in cell wall structure leading to primordia emergence
Philippe, Sully. „Mise en place des parois dans l'albumen au cours du développement du grain de blé“. Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArabinoxylan (AX) and (1-3)(1-4)-glucan are the major cell wall polysaccharides of wheat endosperm. The time course and pattern of deposition of these components in the endosperm cell walls of wheat during grain development was studied. 7 stages were retained from beginning of endosperm endosperm cellularization upto the maturation period. Immunochemical, Fourier transform-Infrared and Raman methods were used. Three stages of grain development were identified as key stages for cell wall construction. The developing walls contained (1->3)-β-glucans. (1-3)(1-4)-glucan and arabinogalactan-proteins are the main cell wall components of endosperm at the end of cellularization stage. AX appeared only at the cell differentiation stage. At this stage, AX appear more substituted than at the later stages. Feruloylation of AX increases during the grain filling stage. Moreover, a difference in the degree of AX substitution was found across the endosperm
Turbant, Amélie. „Modification des pectines et développement de la graine d'Arabidopsis thaliana“. Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNavon, Yotam. „Interaction des composants de la paroi cellulaire végétale : vers un système de modèle bio-inspiré“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this work was to develop an in vitro model of the plant primary cell wall. A bottom up approach was chosen for the rational design of 2D and 3D constructs made of a lipid membrane, cellulose nano crystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG). First, the interaction between the building blocks was probed using light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, quartz crystal microbalance and electron microscopy, revealing firstly the electrostatic nature of the interaction between CNCs and a lipidic membrane and secondly, specific interaction between CNCs and XG in a precise stoichiometric ratio. Then, the optimal parameters from the interaction studies were used to obtain 2D and 3D structures by depositing alternating layers of CNCs and XG on flat substrates (multilayered films) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). A linear growth of the films was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments while the response of decorated vesicles to osmotic shocks lead to their buckling due to the rigidification of the lipid membrane. Finally, the mechanical properties of the constructs were characterized using AFM indentation, revealing a Young's modulus of few hundred kPa, similarly to what is observed for real plant cell walls
Jafarpour, Moghaddam Golnaz. „Dynamique macromoléculaire dans la paroi végétale et ses polymères pariétaux“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe wood has become a popular material for several industries. The wood molecular mobility and the one of three principal constitutive polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were studied. Thermal stability and physical structure of materials were respectively obtained by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In parallel, macromolecular relaxation dynamics were measured by Dynamic Dielectric Spectroscopy (DDS) and Thermo Stimulated Currents (TSC). The combination of two last methods let us study the localised and delocalised molecular mobility on the extended frequency scale. The influence of the hydrogen bonds and the hydration rate on the molecular mobility was also pointed out. The analysis realised on genetically modified wood brought us the information on the inter chain interactions evolution
Reca, Ida Barbara. „Identification and characterisation of new members of pectin methylesterase/invertase inhibitor family in tomato (Solanum lypersicum)“. Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePectin methylesterase and invertase are key enzymes in plant carbohydrate metabolism. Inhibitors of both enzymes constitute a structural family (INH/PMEI); nevertheless the respective target enzymes are structurally unrelated. In this thesis two new members of this family (SolyCIF & SolyPMEl) have been identified and characterised in tomato. SolyPMEl was found to be mainly expressed in red fruit. All attempts to produce active recombinant SolyPMEl protein for biochemical characterization appear to be unsuccessful. The isolation of both natural SolyPMEl and PME1 by immuno-afBnity, indicate that SolyPMEIs is in vivo engaged in the formation of a complex with endogenous PMEs. SolyCIF was expressed in two heterologous systems and functionally characterized. SolyCIF is a cell-wall proteinaceous invertase inhibitor which interacts in vitro with a vacuolar enzyme, TIV1. TIV1 is a monomer composed of several fragments that have to be tightly associated for enzymatic activity to occur
Bücher zum Thema "Paroi cellulaire végétale – Imagerie"
Methods in Cell Wall Cytochemistry. CRC, 1999.
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