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1
Debie, Franck. „Pas de parcs pour Paris ? (No parks for Paris ?)“. Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 66, Nr. 3 (1989): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1989.1479.
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Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė, Inesa. „PARKO PROBLEMATIKA STRUKTŪRINĖJE MIESTO PLĖTROJE (ŠIAULIŲ MIESTO PAVYZDŽIU)“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 34, Nr. 4 (31.12.2010): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2010.21.
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Nowadays there is a renewed interest in city parks as recreational oases providing tranquillity and balancing out urban processes. This paper reviews characteristic features of city parks situated in an urban environment, presents comparative characteristics of exceptional parks, and summarizes the development of city parks in Lithuania in the 20th century. Within this context a feasibility study of the central park in S˘iauliai is presented, focussing on the task of clearly distinguishing the park’s borders during its moderate urbanization and preserving the park in the process of integration of its urban neighbourhood, meanwhile improving the park’s composition and service infrastructure. The paper analyses the park’s territory as an element of urban structure: position within the green city structure and the system of green spaces; arrangement of the green space in the overall city structure (hierarchy of values of urban structure elements), degree of its integration; transformations of the park’s territory; analysis of the current situation and suggestions. Santrauka Šiuo metu vėl pradėta gręžtis į miestuose esančius parkus kaip gyventojų poilsio, ramybės bei savotiškos atsvaros urbanizaciniams procesams oazes. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami miestų parkų urbanizuotoje aplinkoje ypatumai, pateikiama išskirtų parkų lyginamoji charakteristika, apžvelgiama Lietuvos miesto parkų evoliucija XX a. Šios informacijos fone pristatoma Šiaulių miesto centrinio parko galimybių studija, kurioje iškeltas uždavinys nuosaikiai urbanizuojant teritoriją aiškiai išskirti parko ribas bei kaip nepakenkti esančiam parkui integruoti urbanizacinį kaimyną, kartu pagerinant paties parko kompoziciją bei paslaugų infrastruktūrą. Pateikiama parko teritorijos analizė kaip urbanistinės struktūros elemento tyrimas: miesto gamtiniame karkase ir žaliųjų plotų sistemoje; žaliosios erdvės rangas bendrojoje miesto struktūroje (urbanistinės struktūros elementų vertybinė hierarchija), jos integracijos laipsnis; parko teritorijos transformacijos; esamos padėties analizė bei siūlymai.
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García-Melón, Mónica, Tomás Gómez-Navarro und Silvia Acuña-Dutra. „AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU“. Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, Nr. 4 (31.12.2010): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.41.
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Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.
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Suripto, Suripto, Jupri, A., Farista, B., Virgota, A. und H. Ahyadi. „Ecological valuation of city parks (Case study for Mataram City)“. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, Nr. 3 (19.10.2021): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.3026.
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City parks, apart from having an aesthetic function as a place for recreation, also have an ecological function with vegetation components to soften the microclimate. Vegetation analysis was carried out in six city parks in Mataram City to determine the vegetation structure. Microclimate factors of the park, namely light intensity, air temperature and humidity inside and outside the park during the day and observations of sound attenuation at night have been carried out. Climatic data is carried out to determine the park's ability to reduce heat and air temperature, increase air humidity and reduce noise and determine the park's environmental discomfort index. Of the six urban parks observed in the city of Mataram, namely the parks of Ampenan, Malomba, Udayana, Sangkareang, Mayura, and Selagalas, it is known that there are three groups of vegetation structures, namely trees-shrubs, shrubs-trees, and shrubs. Vegetation with various compositions of life forms in each city park only controls 40 to 60% of the land area of the park. Urban parks in Mataram City have a low level of ability to soften the microclimate, which is below 5%. In reducing heat and air temperature, and increasing air humidity. City parks are also known to have a low ability to reduce noise. The city parks of Ampenan, Udayana and Sangkareang have an environmental comfort level equivalent to the discomfort felt by more than 50% of the population, while the Malomba, Mayura, and Selagalas parks have a level of comfort equivalent to the discomfort felt by less than 50% of the population. The existence of urban park vegetation is only able to reduce the discomfort index of 7 to 9%.
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Ferchl, Irene. „Parks und Gärten – in Paris und Stuttgart“. Literaturblatt für Baden-Württemberg, Nr. 4 (01.07.2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/litbw.vi4.12679.
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Rainer Moritz, Dicht am Paradies. Spaziergänge durch Pariser Parks und Gärten. Fotografien von Andreas Licht. Knesebeck, München 2014. 224 Seiten, 34,95 Euro Ein Rendezvous mit Paris. Literarische Liebeserklärungen. Hrsg. von Rainer Moritz. Reclam, Stuttgart, 2014. 272 Seiten, 16,95 Euro Agnes Pahler und Dagmar Schmidt, Gärten und Parks in Stuttgart und Umgebung. Jan Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2014. 256 Seiten, 19,99 Euro
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Knight, John. „Monkey Mountain as a Megazoo: Analyzing the Naturalistic Claims of "Wild Monkey Parks" in Japan“. Society & Animals 14, Nr. 3 (2006): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853006778149226.
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AbstractIn Japan, yaen kōen or "wild monkey parks" are popular visitor attractions that show free-ranging monkey troops to the paying public. Unlike zoos, which display nonhuman animals through confinement, monkey parks control the movements of the monkeys through provisioning. The parks project an image of themselves as "natural zoos," claiming to practice a more authentic form of displaying animals-in-the-wild than that practiced by the zoo. This article critically evaluates the monkey park's claim by examining park management of the monkeys. The article shows the monkey park's claim to display wild monkeys to be questionable because of the way that provisioning changes monkey behavior. Against the background of human encroachment onto the forest habitat of the monkey, the long-term effect of provisioning is to sedentarize nomadic monkey animals and to turn the wild monkey park into a megazoo.
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De Groote, Patrick. „Globalisation of commercial theme parks case: The walt disney company“. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 4, Nr. 5-6 (31.12.2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2010/5-6/2.
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In this contribution we focus on the globalisation of commercial theme parks with Walt Disney Company as the best known case study.After definitions and historical background of theme parks, we analyse the visitors key factors. For theWalt Disney Cie we start with some historical facts, we set up a SWOT-analysis and focus then on Euro Disneyland Paris, the biggest theme park of Europe.
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De Groote, Patrick. „Globalisation of commercial theme parks case: The Walt Disney Company“. Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 5, Nr. 3-4 (31.12.2011): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2011/3-4/2.
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In this contribution we focus on the globalisation of commercial theme parks with Walt Disney Company as the best known case study. After definitions and historical background of theme parks, we analyse the visitors key factors. For the Walt Disney Cie we start with some historical facts, we set up a SWOT-analysis and focus then on Euro Disneyland Paris, the biggest theme park of Europe.
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Thiam, Massamba, Madior Diouf, Ousmane Ndiaye, Cheikh Oumar Samb und Saliou Ndiaye. „Caractérisation des parcs de Karité (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) des terroirs de Kénioto et Samécouta (Kédougou, Sénégal)“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, Nr. 21 (30.06.2022): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n21p270.
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Cette présente étude a été réalisée dans la zone de Kédougou, plus précisément dans les terroirs de Kénioto et Samécouta. Les parcs agroforestiers sont essentiellement constitués d’arbres à Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn qui assurent des fonctions écologiques et socio-économiques. Cependant, sous les pressions démographiques et climatiques, ces parcs se dégradent. Ainsi, l’objectif de l’étude est de caractériser la végétation ligneuse de ces parcs agroforestiers. Pour ce faire, un inventaire florististique et des analyses physico-chimiques de sols ont été réalisés. Des observations et des enquêtes sur les pratiques culturales, l'alternance champ-jachère, les modes de gestion des arbres de karités... ont complété ces investigations. Les résultats révèlent la présence de 33 espèces ligneuses réparties en 13 familles. Le karité occupe une densité de 28,4 ind./ha dans les champs cultivées et 29 ind./ha dans les jachères. Les parcs à karités cultivés sont marqués par la prédominance des sujets à gros diamètres dont la majorité est concentrée dans la classe de hauteur de 6 à 18 m. Les jachères constituent l’entité dont le peuplement ligneux est le plus évolué avec des valeurs d‘indice de Shannon (2,54) et d‘équitabilité plus élevées que dans les champs cultivés. Les paramètres étudiés montrent une nette différence entre les entités Champs et Jachères avec une richesse spécifique (23 espèces) et un recouvrement (23,13%) plus élevés en dans les parcs cultivés. Si la jachère enrichit le sol en azote, les parcs cultivés sont plus riches en phosphore. Les initiatives participatives de régénération assistée permettraient une gestion durable de ces parcs et une meilleure conservation de l’espèce V. paradoxa Gaertn.
This present study was carried out in the Kedougou area, more precisely in the terroirs of Kenioto and Samecouta. Agroforestry parks are essentially made up of trees with Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn that provide ecological and socio-economic functions. However, under demographic and climatic pressures, these parks are deteriorating. Thus, the objective of the study is to characterize the woody vegetation of these agroforestry parks. To do this, a florististic inventory and physico-chemical analyses of soils were carried out. Observations and surveys on cultivation practices, field-fallow alternation, shea tree management methods... have completed these investigations. The results reveal the presence of 33 woody species divided into 13 families. Shea occupies a density of 28.4 ind./ha in cultivated fields and 29 ind./ha in fallow land. Cultivated shea tree parks are marked by the predominance of large diameter subjects, the majority of which are concentrated in the height class of 6 to 18 m. Fallow land is the entity with the most evolved woody stand with higher Shannon index values (2.54) and equitability values than in cultivated fields. The parameters studied show a clear difference between the Fields and Fallow entities with a specific richness (23 species) and a higher recovery (23.13%) in cultivated parks. If fallow land enriches the soil with nitrogen, cultivated parks are richer in phosphorus. Participatory assisted regeneration initiatives would allow sustainable management of these parks and better conservation of the species V. paradoxa Gaertn.
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Sehoubo, Yawo Joseph, Manbèssôa Meda, Wendgnagdé Oscar Kabre, Barthélemy Yelemou und Mipro Hien. „Caractérisation et structure de la végétation ligneuse des parcs agroforestiers en zone nord soudanienne au Burkina Faso“. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, Nr. 2 (29.05.2023): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i2.4.
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Au Burkina Faso, les parcs agroforestiers subissent diverses formes d’exploitation qui compromettent leur survie. Cette étude vise à caractériser la végétation ligneuse des parcs agroforestiers pour une meilleure connaissance de ces peuplements face à la pression anthropique en zone nord soudanienne du Burkina Faso. Les données ont été collectées dans des relevés phytosociologiques. Au total, nous avons fait 170 placettes de 2500 m². L’analyse des correspondances sans tendance (DCA) des matrices des données de la végétation ligneuse en présence/absence et des variables stationnelles et dendrométriques, a permis de discriminer les différents groupements des parcs agroforestiers. Ainsi, nous avons le premier groupement G1 constitué de parcs mixtes à Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn., Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause et Azadirachta indica A.Juss. [cult.] (14,70%), le deuxième groupement G2 des parcs à Azadirachta indica A.Juss. [cult.] (12,94%), le troisième groupement G3 des parcs à Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. (48,24%) et le quatrième groupement G4 des parcs mixtes à Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. et Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause (24,12%). Les valeurs de l’indice de Shannon varient de 0,95 bit pour G2 à 1,34 bit pour G1. Quant à l’équitabilité de Piélou, elles varient de 0,77 bit pour G1 à 0,81 bit pour G2. Ces deux indices révèlent une diversité ligneuse relativement faible et une tendance à l’équirépartition des individus entre différentes espèces. La densité des pieds adultes et le taux de régénération du peuplement varient respectivement de 22,20 individus/ha et 37,56% pour G3 à 27,02 individus/ha et 79,14% pour G4. Le recouvrement, la surface terrière et la hauteur moyenne varient respectivement de 6,94%, 1,56 m²/ha et 6,79 m pour G1 à 15,58%, 3,95 m²/ha et 10,51 m pour G4. Les structures des peuplements s'ajustent à la distribution de Weibull et montrent une prédominance des individus jeunes et une difficulté de recrutement dans tous les groupements. Ces résultats peuvent servir de référence dans le suivi de la dynamique de la végétation des parcs agroforestiers soumis à des pressions anthropiques.
In Burkina Faso, agroforestry parklands are subject to various forms of exploitation that compromise their survival. This study aims to characterise the woody vegetation of agroforestry parks for a better knowledge of these stands in the face of anthropic pressure in the northern Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso. In total, we conducted 170 plots of 2500 m². The detrended correspondences analysis (DCA) of the matrices of woody vegetation data in presence/absence and of the station and dendrometric variables, allowed the discrimination of the different groups of agroforestry parks. Thus, we have the first group G1 constituted by mixed parks to Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn., Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause and Azadirachta indica A.Juss. [cult.] (14.70%), the second group G2 of parks to Azadirachta indica A.Juss. [cult.] (12.94%), the third group G3 of parks to Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. (48.24%) and the fourth group G4 of mixed parks to Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn. and Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause parks (24.12%). The values of the Shannon index vary from 0.95 bit for G2 to 1.34 bit for G1. As for the Piélou equitability, they vary from 0.77 bit for G1 to 0.81 bit for G2. These two indices reveal a relatively low woody diversity and a tendency for individuals to be equally distributed between different species. The density of adult woodies and the stand regeneration rate varied respectively from 22.20 individuals/ha and 37.56% for G3 to 27.02 individuals/ha and 79.14% for G4. The cover, the basal area and the average height varied respectively from 6.94%, 1.56 m²/ha and 6.79 m for G1 to 15.58%, 3.95 m²/ha and 10.51 m for G4. The stand structures adjust to the Weibull distribution and show a predominance of juveniles and a difficulty of recruitment in all groups. These results can be used as a reference in the monitoring the vegetation dynamics of agroforestry parks subject to anthropic pressures.
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Timite, Nakouana, Kadio Attey Noël Koua, Akoua Tamia Madeleine Kouakou und Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima. „Dynamiques spatio-temporelles des parcs agroforestiers dans la zone soudanienne de la Côte d’Ivoire de 1990 à 2020 dans un contexte d’expansion de l’anacarde“. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 17, Nr. 2 (31.05.2023): 484–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v17i2.16.
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La zone soudanienne de la Côte d’Ivoire est dominée par les parcs agroforestiers caractérisés par les nombreux services écosystémiques fournis aux populations locales. Ces dernières années cependant, les populations s’intéressent de plus en plus à la mise en culture de l'anacarde. L’expansion de cette culture pourrait avoir un impact sur la dynamique des parcs agroforestiers existants. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les changements opérés par l'expansion de la culture de l'anacarde sur les parcs agroforestiers dans les départements de Tengréla et Ouangolodougou situés dans la zone soudanienne de la Côte d'Ivoire de 1990 à 2020. La méthodologie a consisté au traitement des images satellitaires datant de 1990, 2000, 2010 et 2020, ainsi qu’à la validation des différentes cartes produites. Les résultats ont montré une hausse importante des superficies des plantations d’anacarde. A l’opposé, une forte régression des superficies des parcs agroforestiers a été constatée. Par ailleurs, l’établissement de la carte de changement a révélé que de 1990 à 2020, 3,93% et 5,32% de parcs agroforestiers sont devenus des anacardiers respectivement à Tengréla et Ouangolodougou. Malgré les nombreux services écosystémiques fournis par les parcs agroforestiers, ils sont menacés de disparition dans la zone soudanienne de la Côte d’Ivoire.
The Sudanian zone of Côte d'Ivoire is dominated by agroforestry parks characterized by the numerous ecosystem services they provide to local populations. However in recent years, populations have become increasingly interested in cashew cultivation. The expansion of this crop could have an impact on the dynamics of existing agroforestry parks. The objective of this study was to describe the changes brought about by the expansion of cashew cultivation in the departments of Tengréla and Ouangolodougou located in the Sudanian zone of Côte d'Ivoire from 1990 to 2020. The methodology consisted of processing satellite images dating from 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, as well as validating the various maps produced. The results showed a significant increase in the area of cashew plantations. On the other hand, a strong regression of the areas of agroforestry parks was observed. Furthermore, the change map revealed that from 1990 to 2020, 3.93% and 5.32% of agroforestry parks became cashew trees in Tengréla and Ouangolodougou respectively. Despite the numerous ecosystem services provided by agroforestry parks, they are threatened with extinction in the Sudanian zone of Côte d'Ivoire.
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Vuong, Thuy T., Tien T. M. Duong, Nguyen N. M. Vo, Nghia T. Dang, Khanh T. Nguyen und Truong X. Ha. „Survey of lighting systems and aesthetic illumination design for various major parks in Ho Chi Minh City“. Journal of Agriculture and Development 20, Nr. 5 (19.01.2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.8.05.2021.
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The study was carried out from August 2019 to August 2020 at five major parks in Ho Chi Minh City. We aimed to survey the lighting system including bulb types, lamp types, illumination type, and average horizontal illuminance. The study was carried out by several methods such as a questionnaire of the characteristics of the lamp, observing, measuring, analyzing, synthesizing data, and evaluating. We divided each park by area, for example, main gate, side gate, main axis, branch road, lawn, activity area for investigation. The result showed that the parks having LED and HQ compact bulbs, which were popular chandeliers. Most parks had direct lighting to provide panoramic illumination, but did not reach the average horizontal illuminance. We propose an aesthetic illumination design for the central area of the park with ideas from the history of the park's formation and development. The research results contribute to the improvement of the lighting system for the parks in Ho Chi Minh City.
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Fasoro, O. A., und O. I. Ajewole. „Willingness of Park Users to Plant Trees in Public Motor Parks to Improve Environmental Condition in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria“. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, Nr. 4 (29.04.2024): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i4.17.
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The effect of global warming and air pollution have shifted more focus to tree planting as a way to combat climate change and improve the environment. Most Nigerian motor parks are polluted; thus, this study investigated the willingness of park users to plant trees in public motor parks to improve park's environmental condition in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria using structured questionnaires in six motor parks. Questionnaires were randomly administered to 12 drivers, 5 traders and 3 commuters, per Motor Park, making a total of 120 respondents. Study revealed that 60.8% of motor park users were under the age of 50; 100% of drivers were men, whereas women (70%) dominated trading. Drivers (94.4%) and traders (83.3%) use motor parks on a daily basis, but commuters (66.7%) use the park occasionally. Most of respondents (47.2%), traders (56.7%), and commuters (83.3%) stated that the park’s environment is not conducive (unsuitable). Respondents (85.8%) of motor park users indicated that they want a better environmental condition. Chi-square test reveals a significant relationship between respondents' educational status and perceived environmental condition of the motor park. Logistic analysis indicated that traders (0.183) and commuters (0.236) are less likely to be interested in tree planting. Most Nigerian motor parks have unsuitable environments, tree planting is one potential solution for improving the environmental condition. Relevant authorities should develop policies that encourage tree planting and tree planting should be incorporated and implemented in the design of new motor parks.
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Lee, Heow Pueh, Kian Meng Lim und Saurabh Garg. „Sonic environment of Singapore Botanic Gardens and benchmarking with various urban gardens of the world“. Noise Mapping 6, Nr. 1 (11.11.2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2019-0007.
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AbstractThe urban parks and gardens are usually surrounded by busy streets, commercial buildings and areas of high noise levels due to human activities and heavy traffic. These parks and gardens therefore have a unique function of providing relatively quiet areas to get away from the hustle and bustle of city lives. In this study, the sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, which was the first UNESCO Heritage site in Singapore, was measured on various occasions and benchmarked with various urban gardens and parks around the world, namely the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid. St James’s Park in London, Old Botanical Gardens Hamburg, and Carlton Gardens in Melbourne. The Leq noise level was found to be compatible with the respective Leq noise level of the other urban parks and gardens. The sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic gardens was found to be dominated by cicada sound, human activities and water features. The sound level of various water features such as mini waterfalls and water fountains were also measured and analysed.
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Mocevičius, Albinas. „KLASICISTINIO STILIAUS PARKŲ MENO TENDENCIJOS BEI RAIDA EUROPOJE IR LIETUVOJE“. JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 33, Nr. 3 (30.09.2009): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2009.33.173-182.
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This paper discusses the development and tendencies of classicism-style park art at the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 19th c in Europe and Lithuania. Major attention is paid to general reasons of the appearance of classicism style, its special features and changes which were visible after contradictorily estimated epoch of baroque. On the basis of general features and planned and spatial structure of park ensembles in classicism of that time in such European countries as France, England, Germany, Russia and Poland, the author attempts to find correlations and special features in Lithuanian parks. The author reviews theoretical and practical works of European specialists in landscape and natural sciences, which were important in developing parks of a new style. Also, attention is drawn to some terms in Lithuanian literature which describe parks in classicism style and which are used unprecisely. A short summary of the most important created and replanned classicism-style parks in Lithuania is given. Santrauka Straipsnyje trumpai aptariama klasicistinio stiliaus parkų meno raida bei tendencijos XVII a. pab. – XIX a. pr. Europoje ir Lietuvoje. Didžiausias dėmesys kreipiamas į klasicistinio stiliaus bendrąsias atsiradimo priežastis, raidos ypatumus ir pokyčius, kurie buvo juntami po prieštaringai vertinamos Baroko epochos. Remiantis to meto Europos valstybėse (Prancūzijoje, Anglijoje, Vokietijoje, Rusijoje ir Lenkijoje) sukurtų klasicistinio stiliaus parkų ansamblių bendrais bruožais, planine ir erdvine struktūra, bandoma surasti sąsajų ir išskirtinumo požymių Lietuvos parkuose. Trumpai apžvelgiami Europos šalių kraštovaizdžio ir gamtos mokslų specialistų teoriniai bei praktiniai darbai, kurie buvo reikšmingi kuriant naujojo stiliaus parkus. Taip pat straipsnyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į ne visai tiksliai vartojamus terminus lietuviškoje literatūroje, apibūdinančius klasicistinio stiliaus parkus, pateikiama trumpa santrauka apie reikšmingiausius sukurtus ir perplanuotus Lietuvos klasicistinio stiliaus parkus.
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Cui, Caizhou. „Research on Scientific and Technological Support Issues for the Green Development of Modern Agricultural Industrial Parks“. Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, Nr. 9 (21.09.2023): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v3i9.5599.
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The construction of modern agricultural industrial parks is a basic demonstrative project to promote rural revitalization. Green development is the core requirement of high-quality development of industrial park. Currently, the development and application of existing science and technology in industrial parks cannot meet the requirements of all-round green development of the parks. To consolidate the technical support for green development of the park, we should strengthen the research and development of agricultural science and technology, improve the green standard system, and improve the supply of green technology in all aspects of production and operation; as well as innovate the mechanism and system, promote science and technology specialists and other technical talents to enter the park, and effectively train the park's farmers to enhance the quality of modern agricultural science and technology of the farmers, and so on.
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Varol, Ece, und Merve Tutkun. „Kullanım Çeşitliliği Açısından Kent Parklarının Değerlendirilmesi“. NEU Journal of Faculty of Architecture 5, Nr. 1 (31.03.2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neujfa202351702.
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Kentlerde yaşanan nüfüs artışının ve kontrolsüz yapılaşmanın bir sonucu olarak, kent içerisindeki planlı yeşil alanların azaldığı ve kullanım amaçlarının kısıtlandığı görülmektedir. Yeşil alanların kentlerdeki kullanımları ve kent içinde kapladıkları alanlar oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Yeşil alanlar,doğa ve kentleşme arasındaki geçişi yumuşatmakta ve bina ile insan ölçeği arasında bir denge kurmaktadır.Planlı olarak oluşturulan yeşil alanlar,kentsel mekan ölçeğinde görsel estetik sağlamanınyanında kentlerin mikroiklimini ve ekolojik yapısını da korumaktadırlar.Bununla birlikte kent kullanıcılarının yoğun kent yaşamında rekreatif etkinliklerine imkan tanıyan geniş açıklıklar yaratmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla,özellikle yoğun yapılaşma ve kentleşmeoranının giderek arttığı günümüzde,var olan yeşili korumanın, değerlendirmeninve yeşil alanları artırmanıngelecek nesiller için oldukça kıymetli olacağı düşünülmektedir.Çalışma kapsamında, Avrupa kentlerinden parklar seçilmiş ve fiziksel aktivite çeşitliliği açısından sundukları olanaklar incelenmiştir.Bu parkların isimleri; Almanya Berlin’den Tiegarten, Münih’ten Englischer Garten, Hollanda Amsterdam’dan Vondelpark, Rotterdam’dan Kralingse Bos ve Fransa’nın Paris kentinden de Champ de Mars ve Luxemburg Garten parklarıdır. Çalışma kapsamında seçilen parklar;kentteki konumları, içerisinde barındırdığıişlevlerve fiziksel yapılarıaçısındandeğerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda parklardaki fiziksel aktivite çeşitlilikleri, bitkisel unsurlar ve yapısal birimler tablolaştırılmıştır. Oluşturulan tablolar ileincelenen 6 farklı kent parkı karşılaştırılmıştır.İncelenen Avrupa parklarına bakıldığında parkların yalnızca dinlenme amaçlı değil, kent kullanıcılarının hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel sağlıklarına katkı vermek amacıyla düzenlendiği sonuçlarına varılmıştır. Parkların, kamusal sağlığı destekleme konusunda kente verdiği katkının daha fazla farkında olunarak parkların tasarlanması gerektiği fikrine varılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler:Fiziksel Aktivite, Kamu Sağlığı, Kent Parkı, Yeşil Alan, RekreasyonEvaluation of Urban Parks in Terms of Usage DiversityAbstractCities are experiencing rapid population growth and uncontrolled construction. As a result, it is seen that the planned green areas in the city have decreased and their usage purposes have been restricted. The use of green areas in cities and the areas they cover in the city are very important. Green areas, it softens the transition between nature and urbanization and provides the balance between building and human scale.The planned green areas provide visual aesthetics at the scale of urban space. At the same time, green areas protect the microclimate and ecological structure of cities. In addition, green areas create wide areasthat allow recreational activities of urban users.The rate of intensive construction and urbanization is increasing day by day. Therefore, it is thought that protecting and evaluating existing green spaces and increasing green spaces will be very valuable for future generations. Within the scope of the study, parks from European cities were selected and the possibilities of these parks in terms of physical activity diversity were examined. The names of these parks; Tiegarten from Berlin, Englischer Garten from Munich,Germany,Vondelpark from Amsterdam, Kralingse Bos from Rotterdam, Netherlands and Champ de Mars and Luxemburg Garten from Paris, France.The parks selected within the scope of the study; it was evaluated in terms of their location in the city, the functions they contain and their physical structures.In this direction, in the parks; physical activity variations, plant elements and structural units are tabulated. Thus, 6 different urban parks examined were compared with each other.As a result, when European parks are examined, it has been seen that the parks are not just for recreational purposes. At the same time, it has been concluded that it contributes to both physical and mental health of city users. While designing parks, it should be realized that its contribution to public health is very high.
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et al., Ibrahim. „Park visitation in the context of Khartoum town“. International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 8, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2021.12.012.
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Parks improve people's physical and mental well-being, strengthen communities, and make towns and neighborhoods more appealing places to live and work. Many reasons discourage frequent park visitations, such as poor park characteristics, poor management system, and the lack of programs to encourage park visitation. Participation in different outdoor activities has become a necessity for many people nowadays. However, many residents are not engaged in recreational activities in Khartoum, making parks an important element. Therefore, the study aimed at investigating parks characteristics and different patterns of users based on societal needs. The study concentrates on the residents' characteristics such as age, gender, income, education level; these characteristics are tested against park visitation patterns such as type of visitation, the best day for visitation, and visit frequency. A two hundred and fifty (250) participant questionnaire survey was carried out in Al Tifl Park to assess the park's visitation pattern based on the purposive sampling technique. The result shows that most of the visitation patterns were not frequent regardless of the visitors' characteristics. It proves that the visitation pattern was not based on the visitors' characteristics but rather on the park characteristics. The study recommends that the park's features be redesigned based on user affinity to improve visitation, visitor benefits, and income generation.
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Suminski, Richard R., Gregory M. Dominick und Eric Plautz. „Assessing Park Quality with a Wearable Video Device and an Unmanned Aerial System“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 18 (16.09.2022): 11717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811717.
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Parks are ideal places for promoting physical activity, which is vital for achieving and sustaining good health. Thus, it is important to develop and provide the best methods for assessing aspects of parks that could influence physical activity. This study examined the use of high-tech video capture for describing park quality. Videos were obtained with a wearable video device (WVD) and an unmanned aerial system (UAS) at 28 and 17 parks, respectively. In-person audits of park attributes were performed using the Physical Activity Readiness Assessment (PARA) instrument while video was simultaneously captured. The PARA provides quality ratings of park attributes that range from poor to good. Kappa statistics were calculated to compare in-person PARA outcomes with PARA outcomes obtained by reviewing the WVD and UAS videos. Substantial and almost-perfect agreements were found between WVD and in-person PARAs on the quality of features and amenities and the severity of incivilities. Agreements between UAS and in-person PARAs on feature and amenity quality and incivility severity were unacceptable (mostly fair and moderate). In conclusion, being able to reliably assess park quality using video provides advantages over in-person assessments (e.g., retrospective analysis). In addition, it sets up the possibility of utilizing computer vision to automate the video analysis process.
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Fudali, Ewa. „The ecological structure of the bryoflora of Wroclaw's parks and cemeteries in relation to their localization and origin“. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 70, Nr. 3 (2014): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2001.030.
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The ecological structure of the flora of 81 bryophytes found in 22 town parks and 6 cemeteries situated within the borders of the Wrocław town has been analyzed in relation to the localization of objects (within the center of the town and its suburbs) and their origin (parks set up in the place of ruins, those built on the site of old cemeteries, objects established within former forests, and parks set up in open, previously rural areas, often as gardens of mansions). In general estimation, the bryoflora of parks and cemeteries appears to be rather ecologically highly specializated - more than 50% of species occurred only on one type of substratum. Epiphytes s.s. occurred rarely. More often bryophytes were noted at the bases and on the trunks of trees, up to 30 cm. Some of the mosses, described in literature as epiphytes, have adapted to terrestrial-epiphytic sites and have been found only at the base of trees. In parks, epigeits were found in abundance on the ground around the base of trees and in shaded lawns. The presence of specialized epixylics was insignificant, although some of the typical forest epixylics were noted, namely <em>Aulacomnium androgynum</em>, <em>Herzogiella seligeri</em> and <em>Dicranum scoparium</em>. However, only parks situated in the suburbs show a high ecological variety of bryoflora, while objects established within the center of the town do not differ in species composition of bryophytes from surrounding built-up areas, despite their origin. Only in the parks situated in the suburbs there was a pronounced presence of forest and meadow species. The factor of park's origin seems to influence the bryoflora's ecological structure and the species richness on objects situated in the suburbs. In the cemeteries a positive correlation between the high number of species, age of monuments and the dimensions of object areas was stated.
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Allfrey, Phyllis Shand. „Parks“. Wasafiri 19, Nr. 42 (Juni 2004): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690050408589908.
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Castonguay, Yan, Samuel Saint-Yves-Durand und Rhizlane Hamouti. „The Expectations of Businesses Settled in a Science Park“. International Journal of Research in Science 4, Nr. 3 (23.09.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2018.4.3.01.
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Science parks are created to support the development and growth of knowledge-based businesses and to foster the economic development of a region. Based on an exploratory qualitative study, this research project aims, firstly, to understand the expectations of businesses established in science parks, which is not very well documented in the literature and, secondly, to highlight the motivations of a business to settle in a science park. In order to do so, the research is based on a constructivist approach. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted between September 2016 and April 2017 with managers of organizations established in seven science parks in the province of Quebec, Canada. The analysis these interviews identified six major motivations of businesses to settle in a science park. It also revealed eleven major expectations of the science park's contributions for a business established. As a contribution, this research provides some recommendations not only for the managers of science parks, but also for the managers of businesses who want to be established in a science park. This research provides insights for science park managers about the incentives to set up to attract new business and about the support to provide for the business established in a science park in their development.
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Laurance, W. F. „Parks for science, science for parks“. Science 349, Nr. 6249 (13.08.2015): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.349.6249.699-a.
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Wu, Wen, und Kewei Ding. „Optimization Strategy for Parks and Green Spaces in Shenyang City: Improving the Supply Quality and Accessibility“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 8 (07.04.2022): 4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084443.
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In this study, we evaluated the supply quality of parks and green spaces within the Third Ring Road area in Shenyang city by combining a landscape pattern index analysis with a principal component analysis. Moreover, a network analysis based on the ArcGIS platform was used to measure the accessibility of parks and green spaces. The research results showed that the overall supply quality of parks and green spaces (−9.55) must be improved. The supply quality levels of the four analyzed park types could be ranked as follows: garden parks (118.00) > community parks (73.67) > comprehensive parks (−16.64) > specific parks (−32.17). Among the analyzed recreation parks, the accessibility of daily recreation parks was poor, while the overall service efficiency of weekly recreation parks was better, except in a few regions. These research results can provide suggestions for future green space planning in Shenyang city. In addition, from the perspective of landscape patterns, studying the service quality of parks and green spaces can provide new ideas for further research on accessibility.
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Iqbal, Asifa, und Mats Wilhelmsson. „Park proximity, crime and apartment prices“. International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 11, Nr. 4 (06.08.2018): 669–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-04-2017-0035.
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Purpose There is a lack of understanding in the literature on the relation between parks and house price in relation to crime in Scandinavian context. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the amenity value of accessibility to parks on apartment prices with reference to crime rates in parks in Stockholm. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the effects of park proximity and crime in parks on apartment prices by using geographic information systems and hedonic modelling. Findings Findings show that the proximity of parks as an environmental amenity has an effect on apartment prices. The results also demonstrate that the impact of parks on apartment prices is different in the different segments of the apartment market in Stockholm. Moreover, various types of parks may differ in their impact, for instance, grass parks and park blocks are more desirable in Stockholm than landscape parks and neighbourhood parks. The effects of crimes in parks influence apartment prices negatively. Originality/value This paper provides a new methodology by using the shortest distance to a park as a main variable. The shortest distance to a park variable is considered a better choice than using park as an aggregate measure. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the effect of specific park types, for instance, grass parks, neighbourhood parks, landscape parks and park blocks, in Stockholm housing market.
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Wu, Shwu-Ing, und Man-Li Tian. „Impact of Consumers’ Preference for Cultural and Creative Parks on the Attitude Behavior Model“. International Journal of Business and Management 12, Nr. 8 (18.07.2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n8p201.
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In recent years, Taiwan has actively developed cultural and creative industries, expanded the scale of the national consumer market, and launched international tourism; therefore, diverse Cultural and Creative Parks have appeared. However, what are the characteristics of Cultural and Creative Parks that attract consumers and change their attitude and behavior? The answers to such questions rely on further study. This study focuses on Cultural and Creative Parks to determine whether the various characteristics of Cultural and Creative Parks in Taiwan lead to attraction to the parks and influence the consumers’ attitude model, in order to propose useful decision-making information for Cultural and Creative Parks. By investigating 788 valid questionnaires according to preference degree for Cultural and Creative Parks, this study divides consumers into two groups and compares the group models. According to the findings: (1) in comparison to consumers that do not prefer Cultural and Creative Parks, those who enjoy Cultural and Creative Parks show more significant impact of cultural creative products, creative markets, and performance activities on attraction to Cultural and Creative Parks; (2) in comparison to consumers that do not prefer Cultural and Creative Parks, those who enjoy Cultural and Creative Parks show more significant intensity on path of attraction of Cultural and Creative Parks to behavior to visit; (3) consumers that do not prefer Cultural and Creative Parks have more significant impact on the relationship between cognition, behavior, and affection regarding attitude in the CBA model.
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Fekete, Albert, Imola Gecséné Tar, Máté Sárospataki und Péter Győri. „Educational role of public parks : Windows to past, to future and to exotic worlds“. 4D Tájépítészeti és Kertművészeti Folyóirat, Nr. 55-56 (2020): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36249/55.56.3.
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The design of public parks in Europe evolved at the end of 18th century. The first public parks were created primarily for leisure, entertainment and social representation. Reflecting architectural and artistic trends of specific time periods and eras, and design concepts of various ideologies, through their images, compositional aspects and symbols public parks also fulfill an important educational role in everyday life. Following the progress of the theoretical background of European public parks, the article introduces the research analysis of the educational role of the parks. The conclusions drawn from the historical review and from the analysis of public parks and gardens provide a good basis for the renovation methodology of historic parks and for the design of contemporary urban parks and open spaces, with an emphasis on their current and future educational role. Placing the survey and assessment of the public parks into an international context makes it possible to overview the most important educational benefits of public parks to the society.
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van den Toorn, Martin. „New functions and roles for public parks in Europe : The future relation between public space and public health“. 4D Tájépítészeti és Kertművészeti Folyóirat, Nr. 55-56 (2020): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36249/55.56.1.
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The design of public parks in Europe evolved at the end of 18th century. The first public parks were created primarily for leisure, entertainment and social representation. Reflecting architectural and artistic trends of specific time periods and eras, and design concepts of various ideologies, through their images, compositional aspects and symbols public parks also fulfill an important educational role in everyday life. Following the progress of the theoretical background of European public parks, the article introduces the research analysis of the educational role of the parks. The conclusions drawn from the historical review and from the analysis of public parks and gardens provide a good basis for the renovation methodology of historic parks and for the design of contemporary urban parks and open spaces, with an emphasis on their current and future educational role. Placing the survey and assessment of the public parks into an international context makes it possible to overview the most important educational benefits of public parks to the society.
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Haubrich, William S. „Parks of the Parks Ileo-anal Reservoir“. Gastroenterology 129, Nr. 2 (August 2005): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.063.
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HAUBRICH, W. „Parks of the Parks Ileo-anal Reservoir“. Gastroenterology 129, Nr. 2 (August 2005): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gastro.2005.06.063.
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ISMAIL, ZALINA, ASILAH ABDUL MUTALIB, FAZHANA ISMAIL, SHAIBATUL’ ISLAMIAH CHE MAN, ZAHIDAH AB LATIFF und ZUNURA’IN ZAHALI. „EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE ON THE SURVIVAL OF FREE-LIVING STAGE OF SCHISTOCEPHALUS CORACIDIA“. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 15, Nr. 6 (30.08.2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jbsd.2020.09.001.
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Marine parks have existed in Malaysia for a long time, but some have neglected the economic roles these marine parks play. This research aims to find out the benefits and costs generated by the marine parks in Terengganu by using cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Through data collected from literature review, various websites and the Department of Marine Park’s annual statement, it is found that the marine parks generate benefits to all constituents, but in protecting environment these marine parks faced some problems. In order to achieve these marine parks goals, based on our findings, we suggest that these marine parks increase its entry charge to keep the sustainability of these marine parks which will be benefited to all constituents.
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Meshraky, Demiana Aiad Ragheb, Adel samy El-menchawy und Hamad Hassan Moustafa. „Parks’ sustainability as a method to revive historical parks in Egypt“. F1000Research 12 (02.05.2023): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.130793.1.
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The role of urban development is to restore the ecological system by making parks more efficient and sustainable. The sustainability of historical parks is concerned with more than just conservation; as it contributes to the pillars of sustainability as well as restoring nature conservation areas. Furthermore, historic parks offer demands regarding how to fulfill modern visitors’ needs, since these needs have not been provided in the previous era, and these parks are frequently susceptible to deterioration. This research aims to apply potential strategies to revive abandoned historical parks in Alexandria, which are considered of a significant value to national and international heritage assets, due to their influence on the residents’ socio-cultural heritage. This aim is achieved through two main dimensions. The first one describes the development of restoring historical parks throughout the ages, identifies parks’ laws and charters, the investigation of parks, the reasons for parks' deterioration in Egypt, and the requirements for sustainable parks. The second one is an application of the strategic criteria to different international parks to measure the parks’ sustainability. This leads to an analysis of how these strategies can be implemented at Antoniadis Park. The research concludes that historical park restoration facilitates eco-friendly development by recognizing the sustainability pillars and their intersection.
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Rogerson, Christian M., und Jayne M. Rogerson. „Municipal caravan parks in South Africa: geography, management and planning“. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 49, Nr. 49 (10.09.2020): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0027.
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AbstractCaravan parks are a largely overlooked theme in tourism scholarship. In South Africa, as in several other countries, local governments assumed an historical role in the establishment of caravan parks. Municipal caravan parks are assets which could be leveraged for tourism growth and local development. The planning and management of caravan parks in South Africa can be understood as an element of asset management by local governments. It is shown that across most of South Africa municipal ownership of caravan parks is of declining significance as compared to the dominance of privately owned parks. The coastal province of the Western Cape is the biggest focus for caravanning and for the location of all caravan parks, including for the largest cluster of municipal owned caravan parks in South Africa. Research interviews were conducted with local stakeholders concerning contemporary planning and management of caravan parks. The results reveal that most local municipalities currently are struggling to manage appropriately and optimally maximise for local development the operations of municipal caravan parks. Many municipalities are considering different options for privatisation through selling off or leasing parks to private sector investors.
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Kowsky, Francis R. „Municipal Parks and City Planning: Frederick Law Olmsted's Buffalo Park and Parkway System“. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, Nr. 1 (01.03.1987): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990145.
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For three decades beginning in 1868, Frederick Law Olmsted and his partners and successors created for Buffalo, the second largest city in New York State, a series of parks and parkways that attracted national and international attention. Olmsted's work for Buffalo occupied a prominent place in his influential career as park planner and urban reformer. In Buffalo, Olmsted and his partner Calvert Vaux implemented a comprehensive series of parks and parkways that pioneered the concept of the metropolitan recreational system. Initially conceived between 1868 and 1870 and substantially constructed by 1876, Olmsted and Vaux's Buffalo park system carefully modified the city's original plan, framed in 1804 by Joseph Ellicott, and introduced progressive design features inspired by the example of the Second Empire in Paris.
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Wang, Cui, Hongjun Liu, Li’e Yu und Hongyan Wang. „Study on the Sustainability Evaluation Method of Logistics Parks Based on Emergy“. Processes 8, Nr. 10 (02.10.2020): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101247.
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To improve the sustainable development ability of logistics parks, this study constructs a sustainability evaluation method of logistics parks based on emergy; analyzes the input (energy, land, investment, equipment, information technology, and human resources) and output (income and waste) of logistics parks from the perspective of emergy; studies the characteristics of the emergy flow of logistics parks; and constructs the function, structure, ecological efficiency, and sustainable development indexes of logistics parks. The basic situation, resource efficiency, and environmental friendliness of the logistics parks are comprehensively evaluated from the emergy point of view. On this basis, targeted decision suggestions are provided for the sustainable development of logistics parks. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by an example. This study reveals the internal relationship among economic, environmental, and social benefits of logistics parks through emergy and provides theoretical and methodological support for the sustainable development of logistics parks.
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Said, M. A., und M. Touahmia. „Evaluation of Allocated Areas for Parks and their Attributes: Hail City“. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, Nr. 1 (03.02.2020): 5117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3253.
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Accessibility to parks and open spaces plays an important role in the urban quality of life. Public parks play a vital role that affects all members of society regardless of their social ranking. Accessibility (visitation) to parks and recreational areas has increased significantly all over the world. This scenario to some extent is the same in Hail city, where the area allocated for parks and open spaces is very small. Parks in Hail are still suffering from many planning and design aspects that discourage people from frequent visitations. This study, therefore, aims to address this phenomenon by examining the area allocated for parks and park attributes. The study’s data are collected from the relevant literature regarding parks and their attributes. An assessment tool is designed and utilized to evaluate parks in Hail. Google maps software was used to measure the areas of neighborhoods and parks in addition to park distribution. This study shows that the areas allocated for parks are far below WHO requirements, and park attributes do not fully meet all visitors’ requirements.
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Feng, Sida, Hyunseok Park und Fang Han. „What Indicators Are Shaping China’s National World-Class High-Tech Zones? Constructing a Feature Indicator System Based on Machine Learning“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 19 (26.09.2023): 10690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910690.
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China’s high-tech parks have significant effects on driving national ecological innovation. Among them, ten world-class high-tech parks represent the highest level of development in China’s high-tech industry. Understanding the development characteristics of national world-class high-tech parks is of great significance for guiding the construction of other parks and achieving the high-quality development of parks. Based on the evaluation data of over 200 indicators of national high-tech parks from 2013 to 2017, this study used the XGBoost classic machine learning algorithm to select the characteristic indicators of national world-class high-tech parks and establish an evaluation indicator system, and it identified four primary indicators of the world-class high-tech parks, including innovation development, enterprise development, international development, and economic development. The indicators cover 30 important sub-indicators and highlight the importance of innovation resource input indicators, such as “use of technology activity funding from government departments”, “full-time equivalent of R&D personnel”, and “financial technology expenditure in high-tech parks”. Compared to the expert analysis, the application of the machine learning method in the evaluation of national high-tech parks improves the efficiency of selecting important indicators and makes the selection results more objective. The results of this research provide a reference value for guiding and promoting national high-tech parks to become world-class parks.
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Kyselov, V. M., und G. V. Kyselovа. „HISTORICAL PARKS OF UKRAINE. FROM HISTORY TO MODERNITY“. Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nr. 81 (07.12.2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-81-18-25.
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Abstract. The article explores the issues of the emergence and development of historical parks in Ukraine. There are four periods of formation and development of historical parks in Ukraine: the first ‒ from the times of Kievan Rus to the middle of the 17th century (the origin of park building), the second ‒ from the middle of the 17th century before the revolution of 1917 (construction of mainly private palaces and park ensembles), the third ‒ from 1918 to 1991 (soviet period), the fourth ‒ from 1991 to the present (the period of independence of Ukraine). The definition of the concept «historical park» is given. The park is a work of art. A unique situation in human practice: to create a living and perfect work of art at the same time. Gardens and parks provide this opportunity. The park is history. The historical park preserves and broadcasts this history to us ‒ it is an object of cultural heritage, our common heritage. Sometimes the park is also a museum-reserve and bears the function of preserving heritage. Historical gardens and parks often acquire the status of monuments. Monuments of landscape gardening art are historical and cultural monuments that organically include plants, landscape features (hills, water sources and waterfalls, stream or river valleys, stones, rocks, distant landscape perspectives, sometimes wetlands), architectural structures, sculptures, flower beds, etc. Historical parks of cities include palaces and manor complexes, botanical gardens, city parks and memorial parks, as well as parks-monuments. In total, there are 88 historical parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of national and 426 local significances in Ukraine. Parks-monuments of landscape gardening art of local importance include: parks of culture and recreation, arboretums, woodlands used as recreation parks, and other objects. In particular, in the Odessa region there are 22 parks-monuments, in the city of Odessa ‒ 5 parks-monuments of gardening art (T. Shevchenko Park, Dyukovsky Garden, City Garden, Victory Arboretum, Park named after Savitsky). The article highlights the main problems in the restoration work of historical parks and solutions. The history of the emergence and development of parks in Ukraine is analyzed. It was concluded that the historical parks are multifaceted and interesting not only for architectural ensembles, but also for their biocenosis.
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Dou, Yaquan, Changhao Wu und Youjun He. „Public Concern and Awareness of National Parks in China: Evidence from Social Media Big Data and Questionnaire Data“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 3 (01.02.2023): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032653.
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The high quality development of national parks plays an important role in promoting the formation of a reasonable, moderate and orderly land space protection pattern and building a harmonious coexistence of human and nature. However, a lack of public participation has limited the development of high-quality national parks in China. Understanding public concern and awareness of national parks is necessary for promoting greater public participation. This paper provides insight into this problem by combining Weibo and questionnaire survey data, then uses a combination of text mining, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) theme model, and descriptive statistics to analyze the current state of public concern and awareness of national parks. By analyzing Weibo data, we find: (1) Public concern for national parks is increasing year by year. (2) More economically developed regions may pay more attention to national parks. (3) Public concern for national parks focuses on the construction of national parks in other countries and the institutional reform and ecotourism of national parks in China. Meanwhile, we also find that: (1) Most of the public are willing to actively pay attention to the construction of national parks. (2) The public is not yet fully aware of national parks in China; for example, the number of national parks, their construction, and other issues are still not widely known. (3) Public awareness of the construction goals, functional positioning, and other issues are not generally understood. To sum up, there is still much room for the public to improve their control and awareness of national parks. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to improve the public’s concern with and awareness of national parks, which can promote public participation in their development. This study will be important for sustainable development of the natural reserve system and global biodiversity protection in China.
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Masliak, Petro, und Andrii Slyzkii. „THE IMPACT OF THE HISTORICAL ASPECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND POPULARITY OF THEME PARKS IN THE WORLD (CASE WALT DISNEY COMPANY)“. GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, Nr. 71 (2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2023.71.9-14.
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The article's purpose is a temporal analysis of the origin of the theme park as a transformational destination, and its progressive development from "pleasure gardens" to a modern high-tech theme park with entertainment, recreational and educational functions that meets all the needs of the contemporary recreationist. Methods and methodology in the study of this topic, which were used for the practical analysis of this topic (historical aspect and influence of external and internal factors) have a systematic approach and a set of methods in particular: - methods of collecting and analyzing information, namely the collection of theoretical and analytical information on the history of the emergence and transformation of recreation parks, the formation, and improvement to their current state; - methods of analysis and synthesis of information, processing of collected materials, data optimization, and formation of own conclusions on the spread and popularity of international parks. The results. The article analyzes the stages of the formation of theme parks as destinations for recreation, which over time gained popularity and transformed under the influence of the needs of recreationists, and economic and technological changes. The problems that companies have during the design and creation of theme parks, as well as the way of their popularization in Europe in the example of Disneyland in Paris, are considered and illustrated. Practical significance. Consumers were constantly looking for a holiday that would combine interactive adventures, comfortable conditions, technological curiosities, films and TV shows, and sci-fi topics. Theme parks today demonstrate the highest rates of attendance and interest of tourists in their product, but analyzing the historical stages on the way to the development of theme parks, we trace the negative attitude towards new projects in Europe. Therefore, the analysis of historical stages is important when creating new projects, to take into account similar experiences, the development of image marketing, and the choice of a common topic when creating a park. In general, the future of theme parks depends on the economic conditions and quality of services provided, the level of epidemic diseases, but as a tourist product it has very attractive prospects, which is confirmed by the financial reports of companies. The concept of theme park development consists of intensive improvement, and the introduction of the latest technologies and refers to the most promising areas in the development of the tourism sector, which is of interest to research in order to further implement knowledge for new projects.
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Flowers, Elliott P., Anna Timperio, Kylie D. Hesketh und Jenny Veitch. „Examining the Features of Parks That Children Visit During Three Stages of Childhood“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 9 (13.05.2019): 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091658.
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Parks provide an opportunity for children to be physically active, but are rarely fully utilised. A better understanding of which park features attract children of varying ages is needed. This study examined which features are present at parks that children visit most often at different stages throughout childhood. Parents reported the park their child visited most often at three timepoints: T1 = 3–5 years, T2 = 6–8 years, and T3 = 9–11 years. These parks were then audited (using a purposely created audit tool) to capture information relating to access, activity areas and quality. Online mapping tools were also used to determine walking distance to parks and park size. Parks visited at T2 were further from home, larger, and had more road crossings, full courts, other facilities and comfort amenities such as toilets and lights than T1 parks. Parks visited at T3 were larger and had more sports ovals compared to T1 parks, and were significantly less likely to have barbeque facilities than T2 parks. Our findings suggest that as children transition from pre-school (T1), to primary school age (T2 and T3), they visit parks that have more facilities to support sport and active recreation.
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Ali, Osama Kh, und Fadlalah M. Almahdi. „Geography of gardens and public parks in the city of Benghazi“. Al-Mukhtar Journal of Social Science 40, Nr. 2 (31.08.2022): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjssc.v40i2.1009.
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The study aims to achieve a set of objectives that would give a complete picture of parks and parks in the city of Benghazi, in order to identify the geographical distribution of public parks in the city, as well as to identify the efficiency of public parks in the city In addition to identifying the social and economic characteristics of those who frequent these parks. The study also found results, including that 42.2% of the total number of visitors to parks are of the age group 10 years and younger. As for the educational level, the study found that 53.2% of the total number of visitors to the parks have a university level of education and above. The study also concluded that when the level of monthly income rises, the frequency of public parks in the city of Benghazi increases.
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Trojanowska, Monika. „Assessment of sustainability and health promotion of three public parks in Poland’s Pomerania Region“. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Nr. 64 (21.06.2024): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2024-0017.
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The new tendency in Urban Green Spaces (UGS) design is to establish sustainable and health-promoting public parks – often described as the new (second) generation of public parks. The possibilities of wider implementation of the new generation of public parks are presented as an example of a recently constructed or revitalized park in the Pomerania region. This paper discusses three public parks in the Pomerania region – Public Municipal Parks in Rumia, Reda and Wejherowo. In this study, the main research question was whether the selected parks promote the well-being of inhabitants as well as sustainability. The parks were assessed using a standardized tool – the universal standard of health-promoting urban places. All three parks are places for physical, mental and social restoration of neighborhood communities, as well as ecological education. Thus, they can be regarded as health-affirming urban places
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OSIPOV, V. M., A. V. SHCHERBAK, A. O. DOROSHENKO und K. V. KOROTKYKH. „INDUSTRIAL PARKS: WORLD EXPERIENCE AND UKRAINIAN REALITIES“. Economic innovations 23, Nr. 4(81) (20.12.2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.4(81).108-116.
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Topicality. The experience of a number of countries shows that industrial parks are an effective tool for industrial and regional policy. Their activities contribute to attracting investment, creating new jobs, restructuring the economy, increasing the competitiveness of individual regions and countries as a whole. Placing industrial enterprises in parks outside cities allows to solve environmental problems more effectively. There are 64 industrial parks in Ukraine, but only some of them work effectively. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to propose measures aimed at improving the policy of stimulating the development of parks on the basis of the analysis of the world experience and activity of industrial parks in Ukraine. Research results. The article analyzes the activities of industrial parks in South Korea, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand and some other countries, their importance in the rise of these countries. Current trends in the development of industrial parks, methods and tools of their state support, the reasons for the success and failure of parks are studied. It was found that a significant part of successful parks are created in or near ports, the reasons for this phenomenon have been identified. The activity of industrial parks in Ukraine is analyzed, the reasons of unsatisfactory work of most of them are found out. The amendments to the Law of Ukraine �On Industrial Parks� adopted by the Verkhovna Rada in 2021 have been studied, and the shortcomings of this legislative act have been identified. The measures necessary to improve the work of domestic industrial parks have been substantiated. Conclusions. To attract investors to industrial parks in Ukraine, it is necessary to improve the business climate, ensure reliable protection of property rights, actively fight corruption, and significantly increase state support for parks. The active participation of business in the creation of industrial parks should be encouraged in every possible way, and UNCTAD and foreign consulting firms should be involved in this work.
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Glenn, Susan, Brian Chapman, Rebecca Rudman und Ian Butler. „Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks“. UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (01.01.1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2953.
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The equilibrium theory of island biogeography proposes that on an island of a given area, there exists an equilibrium number of species when the rates of immigration and local extinction of species are equal (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This theory has been applied to park systems because parks may act as functional islands when surrounding unprotected land is cleared of natural vegetation. Alteration of these surrounding habitats isolates these parks and reduces the effective area, causing a decrease in the equilibrium number of species. In animal communities, this process is called faunal collapse (Soule et al. 1979).The effects of park isolation and faunal collapse have been studied for mammals in Rocky Mountain parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986, Glenn and Nudds 1989). In western U.S. parks, extinctions were more numerous in smaller or older parks (Newmark 1987). Area, topographic diversity, and habitat diversity have been correlated with mammal species richness in western North American parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986). Initial population size was also related to the extinction probability of a species (Newmark 1986). It has been proposed that all parks in a region are subject to similar factors influencing local extinctions, and therefore a similar suite of species should become locally extinct in all parks (Patterson and Atmar 1986, Patterson 1987). This means that a nested subset pattern is produced, where parks with low species richness contain mainly species already present in parks with high species richness. This pattern was not found for Canadian parks, where even small parks contained different species assemblages (Glenn 1990). The objectives of this three-year study are to: (i) identify mammal species that have become locally extinct in each of the Rocky Mountain National Parks; (ii) distinguish between hypotheses regarding the causes of these local extinctions in National Parks; (iii) determine if the same species become locally extinct in all parks; and (iv) identify potential sites for future protection of species prone to extinction.
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Makhlina, S. T. „Gardens and parks as codes of culture“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, Nr. 1 (30) (März 2017): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-3-48-58.
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Gardens and parks are arised at the dawn of civilization. Depending on philosophical ideas, aesthetic ideals, etc. at diff erent times and in diff erent countries there are their ideas about right and required garden Park. Comparative analysis from the perspective of synchronic and diachronic can show that gardens and parks are a bright phenomenon of code expressions of a specifi c culture. There are the gardens of Babylon, cloisters in Medieval Christian monasteries, French regular and English natural parks, Islamic gardens and parks, gardens and parks in the Far East, the gardens and parks of Europe and Russia. Analysis of parks and gardens allows us to conclude that they refl ect the codes of the culture
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Schelhas, John. „A Methodology for Assessment of External Issues Facing National Parks, with an Application in Costa Rica“. Environmental Conservation 18, Nr. 4 (1991): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022578.
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Effective implementation of conservation and development strategies, such as buffer zones adjacent to national parks, requires tailoring these strategies to a park's individual external situation. A methodology is presented for conducting an assessment of adjacent land and local population issues for national parks. The methodology covers three principal subjects: (1) biological conservation issues, (2) the relationship between the park and local people, and (3) the socioeconomic situation of park neighbours.The methodology was applied to lands adjacent to Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica. The application provides a brief summary of the Park's external situation, for use in management and planning, and identifies the most effective types of conservation and development strategies for the region. In this case, the methodology identified the principal issue facing the Park as being the rapid conversion of lowland forest to pasture on lands adjacent to the Park. Solutions to this problem include stopping the cycles of migration and colonization that drive people to settle forested lands, and increasing the importance of forest in local land-use systems.
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Yuslim, Silia, und Etty Indrawati. „Performance Evaluation of City Parks Based on Sustainable Landscape Design in Jakarta“. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah dan Kota 18, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v18i2.37887.
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Green open spaces, especially urban parks, are needed by the community and the city to minimize environmental problems and improve life quality. City parks in Jakarta have not been able to do so. The research will evaluate the city parks performance based on sustainable landscape design to see how well city parks have the functions as contained in the 2019 Green Open Spaces Guidelines for Sustainable Development and Development. Previous research has measured the city parks performance as their functions related to ecological, health/quality of life, economic, aesthetic, socio-cultural aspects. This study will add the aspect of mitigation as one of the measurement variables and at the same time as an update of the research. The evaluation instrument uses a questionnaire that contains an evaluation variable for city parks performance that combines all the function aspects of city parks with sustainable landscape design and observation principles. The purpose of this research is to provide evaluation results and recommendations. Performance evaluation based on city parks sustainable landscape design, there is no city parks function applied in good category and observationally, the condition of city parks is poorly maintained and gloomy. The recommendation is further research is needed that utilizes a sustainable landscape design to look for more deeply the root causes factors why the function and sustainability of city parks could not be achieved.
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Fadzidah Abdullah, Mohd Faredzuan Mohd Noor und Mohd Raziff Abd Razak. „Future Public Parks: Integrating Facilities for Locative Augmented Reality Games“. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 33, Nr. 1 (14.10.2023): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.1.197207.
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Contemporary youth culture has caused public parks to be used as locations for them to play Locative Augmented Reality Games (LARG). Nevertheless, the existing public parks were not designed for LARG, which requires wide space for youth to have rigorous physical activities and movement. Therefore, there is a need to integrate facilities for players of LARG in the development of future public parks. This research aims to evaluate the characteristics and components of public parks often chosen by youngsters to play locative augmented reality games and to recommend additional facilities to be integrated into future public parks for all-inclusiveness. This research uses Vlog and On-site observation to evaluate components of public parks. It also employs an open-ended questionnaire survey for collecting primary data on needed additional facilities for future public parks. For reason of Movement Control Order (MCO) during the Covid19 pandemic, the research could evaluate only three (3) public parks that are located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The finding shows that public parks need design improvement to integrate spaces and facilities for Locative Augmented Reality games players (LARG). The research implies that the function of public parks evolves based on demands from visitors. This research indicates that public parks should be designed to cater for digital recreational activities, triggered by contemporary youth culture and relevant to the digital future.
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Hwang, Ji-Hye. „A Comparative Study on Long-term Unexecuted Urban Parks: Focus on the Park-PFI in Japan“. Korean Public Land Law Association 102 (31.05.2023): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.102.145.
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Urban parks are facilities that play an important role, such as providing space for residents in urban areas to engage in social and cultural activities and providing emotional stability. In particular, since it provides green area in urban areas, the importance of urban parks is further emphasized at a time when interest in the environment is high like these days. Urban parks, which play an important role in urban areas, have only confirmed the site of urban parks and have not been constructed as urban parks for a long time. In particular, if the urban park site is private land, the problem of infringement of property rights occurred because the landowner could not perform all development activities. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities was introduced in July 2000 to solve the problem of property rights infringement in long-term unexecuted park areas. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities means a system in which a Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities becomes invalid if an urban park site has not been constructed as an urban park for 20 years. Since this legal system has been subject to effective not only private land but also national and public land, the area of urban parks is on the verge of seriously decreasing. To solve this problems, Act On Urban Parks and Green Area and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act were revised to preserve urban parks by introducing Special Cases concerning Developing Activities in Sites for Urban Parks in which the private sector participates in the construction of urban parks and Designation of Urban Natural Park Zones. Despite these efforts, the site area, which is a long-term unexecuted park, reaches 403.9㎢ nationwide, so it is necessary to solve the problem of long-term unexecuted urban parks. However, the finances of local governments are insufficient to turn long-term unexecuted urban parks into urban parks. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a legal system that allows private sector can construct and manage urban parks with private capital. In order to introduce a system in which private sector can construct and manage urban parks more actively, Park-PFI in Japan is compared. Park-PFI is a legal system prescribed by the Act on Urban Parks in Japan that openly recruits private sector to construct and manage profitable facilities such as restaurants and stores in urban parks and constructs and manages facilities that cannot be profitable. Park-PFI can effective in solving the problem of long-term unexecuted parks by reducing the financial burden of local governments by participating in the creation and management of urban parks. To solve problem about long-term unexecuted urban parks, the writter suggests to compare Korea's urban park legal system with Japan's Park-PFI, derive implications, and present measures suitable for solving long-term unexecuted urban parks.