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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Paramedic PTSD“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Paramedic PTSD"
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Wild, J., K. V. Smith, E. Thompson, F. Béar, M. J. J. Lommen und A. Ehlers. „A prospective study of pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression“. Psychological Medicine 46, Nr. 12 (28.06.2016): 2571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000532.
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BackgroundIt is unclear which potentially modifiable risk factors best predict post-trauma psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depression (MD) that could be targeted with resilience interventions.MethodNewly recruited paramedics (n = 453) were assessed for history of mental disorders with structured clinical interviews within the first week of their paramedic training and completed self-report measures to assess hypothesized predictors. Participants were assessed every 4 months for 2 years to identify any episodes of PTSD and MD; 386 paramedics (85.2%) participated in the follow-up interviews.ResultsIn all, 32 participants (8.3%) developed an episode of PTSD and 41 (10.6%) an episode of MD during follow-up. In all but nine cases (2.3%), episodes had remitted by the next assessment 4 months later. At 2 years, those with episodes of PTSD or MD during follow-up reported more days off work, poorer sleep, poorer quality of life, greater burn-out; and greater weight-gain for those with PTSD. In line with theories of PTSD and depression, analyses controlling for psychiatric and trauma history identified several pre-trauma predictors (cognitive styles, coping styles and psychological traits). Logistic regressions showed that rumination about memories of stressful events at the start of training uniquely predicted an episode of PTSD. Perceived resilience uniquely predicted an episode of MD.ConclusionsParticipants at risk of developing episodes of PTSD or depression could be identified within the first week of paramedic training. Cognitive predictors of episodes of PTSD and MD are promising targets for resilience interventions.
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Hong, Sun-Woo, Kyung-Sook Bang, Hwal Lan Bang und Jihee Lim. „Attitude and knowledge on PTSD of nursing and paramedic students in Korea“. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 26, Nr. 4 (30.11.2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.4.393.
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Purpose: This study aimed to identify attitude and knowledge level on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among nursing and paramedic students.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from December 1st to 20th in 2019. A total of 210 students participated from two universities in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and one-way analysis of variance.Results: Students were positive about the government's spending on PTSD treatment (91.4%), and professional training (92.4%). PTSD patients were considered to be more dangerous (68.1%) and violent (42.4%) than the general population. There were no significant differences in attitude and general knowledge on PTSD between nursing and paramedic students. However, general knowledge on PTSD differed according to education experience on PTSD (t=2.04, <i>p</i>=.043). Knowledge scores for PTSD treatment differed significantly according to the academic major (t=2.02, <i>p</i>=.044), and education experience on PTSD (t=2.87, <i>p</i>=.005).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate nursing and paramedic students lack knowledge on PTSD. Therefore, developing curriculum regarding PTSD-related contents in undergraduate and continuing education in both departments is needed to provide better quality health care to people with PTSD.
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Bang, Kyung-sook, Hwal Bang, Sun-Woo Hong und Jihee Lim. „Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (K-PTSD) Measuring Attitudes and Knowledge of PTSD“. Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 26, Nr. 1 (28.02.2020): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2020.26.1.47.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the PTSD scale (K-PTSD) for measuring attitudes and knowledge of PTSD. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. The K-PTSD scale consisted of 8 items for attitudes, 8 items for general knowledge of PTSD, and 3 items for knowledge of PTSD treatment; 211 nursing students and paramedic students participated. Content validity, item analysis, and factor analysis were used to examine the construct validity. Criterion validity was tested by using educational experience with PTSD as a criterion. Cronbach's α was used to identify internal consistency reliability in the attitude scale. Results: Construct validity of the K-PTSD was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loadings for attitude ranging from .59 to .84. Criterion validity in comparing knowledge of PTSD (t=2.02, p=.044) and PTSD treatment (t=3.19, p=.022) showed a significant difference according to PTSD educational experience. Cronbach's α for the attitude scale was .79 and .59. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the K-PTSD is a valid and reliable tool that can measure attitudes and knowledge of PTSD among nursing and paramedic students. However, further study is needed to retest the verification of this scale with more diverse participants.
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Mausz, Justin, Elizabeth Anne Donnelly, Sandra Moll, Sheila Harms und Meghan McConnell. „Mental Disorder Symptoms and the Relationship with Resilience among Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 8 (17.04.2022): 4879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084879.
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There is growing recognition in research and policy of a mental health crisis among Canada’s paramedics; however, despite this, epidemiological surveillance of the problem is in its infancy. Just weeks before the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, we surveyed paramedics from a single, large, urban paramedic service in Ontario, Canada to assess for symptom clusters consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder and to identify potential risk factors for each. In total, we received 589 completed surveys (97% completion rate) and found that 11% screened positive for PTSD, 15% screened positive for major depressive disorder, and 15% screened positive for generalized anxiety disorder, with one in four active-duty paramedics screening positive for any of the three as recently as February 2020. In adjusted analyses, the risk of a positive screen varied as a function of employment classification, gender, self-reported resilience, and previous experience as a member of the service’s peer support team. Our findings support the position that paramedics screen positive for mental disorders at high rates—a problem likely to have worsened since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We echo the calls of researchers and policymakers for urgent action to support paramedic mental health in Canada.
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Smith, Erin, Frederick M. Burkle, Kristine Gebbie, David Ford und Cécile Bensimon. „Acceptable Limitations on Paramedic Duty to Treat During Disaster: A Qualitative Exploration“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2018): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000857.
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AbstractIntroductionThe Australian prehospital profession has not yet facilitated a comprehensive discussion regarding paramedic role and responsibility during disasters. Whether paramedics have a duty to treat under extreme conditions and what acceptable limitations may be placed on such a duty require urgent consideration. The purpose of this research is to encourage discussion within the paramedic profession and broader community on this important ethical and legal issue.MethodsThe authors employed qualitative methods to gather paramedic and community member perspectives in Victoria, Australia.ResultsThese findings suggested that both paramedic and community member participants agree that acceptable limitations on paramedic duty to treat during disaster are required. These limitations should be based on consideration of the following factors: personal health circumstances (eg, pregnancy for female paramedics); pre-existing mental health conditions (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder/PTSD); competing personal obligations (eg, paramedics who are single parents); and unacceptable levels of personal risk (eg, risk of exposure and infection during a pandemic).ConclusionIt is only with the engagement of a more broadly representative segment of the prehospital profession and greater Australian community that appropriate guidance on limiting standards of care under extreme conditions can be developed and integrated within prehospital care in Australia.SmithE, BurkleFM Jr., GebbieK, FordD, BensimonC. Acceptable limitations on paramedic duty to treat during disaster: a qualitative exploration. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):466–470.
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Kosydar-Bochenek, Justyna, Bogumił Lewandowski, Dorota Ozga und Krystyna Woźniak. „Przegląd narzędzi diagnostycznych i metod pomiaru zespołu stresu pourazowego (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD) z możliwością wykorzystania wśród ratowników medycznych / Overview of diagnostic tools and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) measurement methods with the possibility of use among paramedics“. Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century 15, Nr. 2 (01.06.2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pielxxiw-2016-0017.
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Abstract The profession of a paramedic involves a constant contact with traumatic events - road accidents, disasters, acts of violence and so on. As a consequence of such frequent and long-lasting exposure to traumatic events, paramedics are prone to developing PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder). This is a chronic disorder impacting cognitive, emotional, behavioral and somatic experiences. As a result of a prolonged exposure to stressful events, such condition can be life threatening. There are two ways of diagnosing PTSD: structured interviews and self-rating questionnaires (self-rating scales). The researcher should choose the best method possible relying not only on its procedure. In addition, merit based factors and psychometric parameters should be taken into consideration. The present article provides an overview of both Polish as well as foreign PTSD assessment methods, which could be incorporated into the research conducted in a group of paramedics.
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Gramlich, Michael A., und Sandra M. Neer. „Firefighter-Paramedic With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Horrific Images, and Depression: A Clinical Case Study“. Clinical Case Studies 17, Nr. 3 (22.04.2018): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650118770792.
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Despite the existence of evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no identifiable study reported delivery of exposure therapy for a first responder with PTSD, as well as horrific images that generalized beyond the index trauma to loved ones. Horrific images have been defined as strongly aversive intrusive thoughts such as images of dismembered bodies or disgusting scenes. This clinical case describes the assessment and treatment of Ryan, a 41-year-old, firefighter-paramedic who completed a multifaceted intervention that included imaginal exposure therapy, behavioral activation, and cognitive therapy for depression. PTSD symptoms as measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) displayed a clinically significant decrease from 25 at pretreatment to 3 at 2-month-follow-up, indicating Ryan no longer met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. In addition, Ryan endorsed a clinically significant reduction in horrific images from 21 per week at pretreatment to 0 at 2-month-follow-up. Depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (BDI-II) demonstrated a clinically significant decrease from 18 at pretreatment to 1 at 2-month-follow-up, indicating Ryan no longer met diagnostic criteria for depression. This clinical case study provides evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of delivering a multifaceted intervention for a first responder with multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Tew, Joanna, und Richard Ward. „Paramedics at risk? How responding to a terror attack affects mental wellbeing“. Journal of Paramedic Practice 16, Nr. 10 (02.10.2024): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2023.0061.
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Background: Terror attacks have a significant impact on first responders’ wellbeing, with an associated risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aims: To improve understanding of how responding to terror attacks affects paramedics’ mental health. Methodology: A literature search was carried out on databases using the PRISMA strategy. Critical appraisal tools were used alongside thematic analysis to appraise and synthesise the literature. Findings: Ten papers were identified. Themes arising regarding risks to responders included: the level of exposure, with the amount related to the risks of developing PTSD and psychopathology; and level of preparedness, with responders carrying out unfamiliar tasks and working outside the scope of practice as well as lacking education on the psychological impact of terror attacks. Conclusion: If paramedics are deployed into terror attack warm zones, policy needs to consider the associated psychological risk. Training should incorporate stress management techniques and education on the extreme emotions these practitioners may experience. More research specifically with the paramedic population is required to understand the risk posed to them and how this may be managed.
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Thomas, Jade. „Mental health difficulties in paramedics: A review of the literature“. Counselling Psychology Review 38, Nr. 2 (01.12.2023): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.2023.38.2.18.
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BackgroundParamedics are frequently exposed to traumatic events as part of their role. The implications of this constant exposure have suggested that paramedics are at high risk of developing long-term mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, burnout, trauma, PTSD, and suicide.PurposeTo synthesise studies to examine factors that play a role in the development of mental health difficulties in ambulance personnel. As well as, establishing gaps within the literature for further research.Data SourcesFrom the first 77 published journals reviewed from Psycinfo, PsychArticles, CINAHL, Education Research Complete, ERIC and grey literature, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and were included in the present study.ResultsFindings of this review suggest that the mental health and wellbeing of paramedics are significant issues. In reviewing the research, it was found that several different factors may play a role in the development of mental health difficulties in ambulance personnel. Four main themes were determined, (1) occupational stressors, (2) negative attitude towards emotional expression, (3) peer and social support, and (4) preparing paramedics for mental health challenges.ConclusionsIt is paramount for further research to explore paramedic students’ mental health experiences, as well as a focus on research to investigate a UK paramedic population due to most of the literature focusing on an international population. Psychological support and early interventions should be made a priority for all ambulance workers, as a way of improving the quality of the working life of paramedics.
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Smith, Erin C., und Frederick M. Burkle. „Paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician Reflections on the Ongoing Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18001255.
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AbstractIntroductionIn the years following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York City (New York USA), otherwise known as 9/11, first responders began experiencing a range of health and psychosocial impacts. Publications documenting these largely focus on firefighters. This research explores paramedic and emergency medical technician (EMT) reflections on the long-term impact of responding to the 9/11 terrorist attacks.MethodsQualitative methods were used to conduct interviews with 54 paramedics and EMTs on the 15-year anniversary of 9/11.ResultsResearch participants reported a range of long-term psychosocial issues including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, insomnia, relationship breakdowns and impact on family support systems, and addictive and risk-taking behaviors. Ongoing physical health issues included respiratory disorders, eye problems, and cancers.DiscussionThese findings will go some way to filling the current gap in the 9/11 evidence-base regarding the understanding of the long-term impact on paramedics and EMTs. The testimony of this qualitative research is to ensure that an important voice is not lost, and that the deeply personal and richly descriptive experiences of the 9/11 paramedics and EMTs are not forgotten.SmithEC,BurkleFMJr.Paramedic and emergency medical technician reflections on the ongoing impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks.Prehosp Disaster Med.2019;34(1):56–61.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Paramedic PTSD"
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Rankin, Timothy. „Factors associated with anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD in Australian paramedics“. Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2249.
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Background
Paramedics are at higher risk of anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD compared to the general population. Factors that have been associated with mental disorders include occupational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain, physical activity, perceived social support, and overall quality of life. To date only a few of these factors have been investigated simultaneously in Australian paramedics.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate occupational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain, physical activity, perceived social support, and overall quality of life, and their associations with anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD in Australian paramedics.
Methods
Sixty-three paramedics, working for ambulance services in Australia, participated in this cross-sectional, self-reported study. Participants completed a questionnaire booklet composed of a demographics questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, the Emergency Medical Services Chronic Stress Questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, the Compendium of Physical Activities, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Quality of Life Index.
Results
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD was higher in this study than what is reported in the general population of Australia. Moreover, the majority of these paramedics had one or more co-occurring mental disorders. Paramedics who reported higher levels of anxiety, depression and PTSD also reported increased occupational stress, greater levels of fatigue, poorer sleep quality, lower perceptions of social support, and significantly lower quality of life. Paramedics with burnout had significantly higher occupational stress and fatigue, and a lower quality of life when compared with paramedics without burnout. In addition, chronic pain was associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression.
Conclusions
Future research should be targeting interventions aimed at improving organisational and operational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain and social support to improve anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD in Australian paramedics.
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Larkin, Warren. „Trauma and psychosis : attributional style and symptomatology in emergency paramedics“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/trauma-and-psychosis--attributional-style-and-symptomatology-in-emergency-paramedics(602a4a7e-bb9d-44bb-b21a-aee695afb8c7).html.
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Ollila, Emelie, und Charlotta Rehn. „Ambulanspersonalens upplevelser och hantering av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom i relation till traumatiska händelser i sitt yrkesutövande“. Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21582.
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Bakgrund: Ambulanspersonal är en yrkesgrupp som i sitt yrkesutövanden riskerar att utsättas för traumatiska händelser som kan vara mycket påfrestande och stressfulla. Trots erfarenhet och träning blir vissa trauman stundtals övermäktiga och kan ge reaktioner som posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Risken att utveckla PTSD ökar med antalet upplevda trauman och prevalensen i yrkesgruppen är hög. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka traumatiska händelser ambulanspersonalen upplevde som mest stressfulla. Syftet var även att beskriva ambulanspersonalens upplevelser och hantering av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom i relation till traumatiska händelser i sitt yrkesutövande. Syftet var dessutom att granska artiklarnas kvalitet utifrån den metodologiska aspekten undersökningsgrupp. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie innefattande elva vetenskapliga artiklar av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats sökta i medicinsk och omvårdnadsorienterade databas. Huvudresultat: Traumatiska händelser som upplevdes mest stressfulla innefattade händelser som involverade akut sjuka och allvarligt skadade barn, vilka väckte en emotionell respons och där ambulanspersonalen identifierade sig med nödställda. Upplevelser av PTSD kännetecknades av överspändhet, sämre prestation, mental avstängning och återupplevande av minnesbilder. Hantering av PTSD utmärktes av copingstrategier som känslomässig distans, fokusering, stöd, återhämtning, kontroll och förberedelse. Slutsats: Ambulanspersonal upplever i sitt yrkesutövande traumatiska händelser som kan vara mycket stressfulla och som kan leda till posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Upplevelserna kan ge psykiska och fysiska symtom som påverkar hälsa och funktionsförmåga. Ambulanspersonalen behöver utbildning i copingstrategier för att hantera kritiska incidenter på ett gynnsamt sätt, speciellt händelser som involverar barn. Strategier behövs för att stärka känslan av kontroll och förmågan till fokusering, där förberedelse, socialt stöd och återhämtningstid är betydelsefullt.
Bücher zum Thema "Paramedic PTSD"
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Connors, G. F. Out of the Storm: A Story of PTSD in the Life of a Paramedic. Stilwell, Dawn Elaine, 2021.
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McKenna, Lindsay. Lone Rider: Wind River - 5. Kensington, 2018.
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Mawson, mr Chris, und mr Chris Mawson. Broken: A paramedics battle with PTSD. Christopher Mawson, 2015.
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Understanding Children's Sexual Behaviors: What's Healthy And Natural. USA: Toni Cavanagh Johnson, 2015.
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Understanding Children's Sexual Behaviors: What's Natural And Healthy. 2. Aufl. USA: Toni Cavanagh Johnson, 2015.
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McCann, Leo. „Coping with Unbearable Strain“. In The Paramedic at Work, 131–67. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816362.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter delves into the most unpleasant and troubling elements of paramedic work, from the stark realities of operational overload, the uneasy realities of ‘coping mechanisms’ and to the prevalence of ill health, mental trauma, and even suicide among the paramedic community. It explores the enormous pressures placed on those working in the service, where paramedics risk having their wellbeing—in the words of one interviewee—‘slowly scratched away’. It documents how ambulance workers and employers try to handle the impact of distressing calls through formal and informal means. Alongside the gallows humour that famously operates in such ‘extreme’ settings, serious emergencies also provide opportunities for learning and debriefing, and they occupy a high position in the informal status hierarchy of paramedic work. However unpleasant they are, I show that very serious and challenging calls are part of the essence of emergency work, and that competent and ‘professional’ paramedics have to find appropriate ways to deal with them. The chapter moves on to explore the limits of coping mechanisms, drawing on academic concepts such as burnout, PTSD, and moral injury, but also the folk concepts emergent from paramedic street culture used to describe emotional labour, such as ‘five-year job’, ‘the bucket’, and the ‘grief mop’. Finally, it also describes endemic problems associated with ambulance service managerial and employment cultures. These represent yet another form of stress for paramedics, who often feel undervalued and neglected and sometimes live in fear of accusations of wrongdoing, complaints, and inspections.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Paramedic PTSD"
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Legnani, C., G. Palareti, M. Maccaferri, B. Bianchini, O. Boggian, M. Poggi und S. Coccheri. „D-DIMER AND SERUM FDP IN GYNAECOLOGICAL SURGERY AND DIC PATIENTS“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643144.
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We carried out in parallel plasma D-Dimer (Dimertest Latex assay, kindly supplied by Ortho Diagnostic Systems, Milan) and serum FDP measurements (ThrorriboWellcotest, Wellcome) in: 1) 35 gynaecological patients (Gyn. pts) pre and post- operatively (8th day); pts were treated with low dose heparin for thromboembolic prophylaxis and controlled with 1125- fibrinogen leg scanning (L.S.); 2) 20 pts from the intensive care unit (ICU) with DIC diagnosed by means of standardized laboratory criteria (DIC pts); tests were performed at admission to the ICU and 1 week later in the 15 survivors.In all Gyn. pts both D-Dimer and serum FDP tests were negative pre- operatively. At the 8th post-op. day 16 pts (45.7%) had a positive Dimertest, 8 of which had also positive, even if transient, leg scanning (out of 10 L.S. positive pts).Serum FDP were present in 5 pts (14.3%), 2 with negative Dimertest and 2 with positive l.s.. All the 20 DIC pts showed at first observation positive Dimertest and 19 had also serum FDP. After 1 week Dimertest was still positive in 12 and serum FDP in 10 pts. Considering five range levels of results (from normal to highly positive for both tests) we found a significant (p<0.05) correlation (Kendall’s T .non parametric test) between the results of the two tests in all observations (35 samples). In conclusion, Dimertest, but not serum FDP, seemed to be highly sensitive to post-operative hypercoagulability, with a specificity of 5C% for subclinical fibrin deposition as detected with L.S.. No relevant differences were appreciated in the usefulness of the two tests in DIC pts.
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Mora Mendez, Diego Fernando, und Markus Niffenegger. „XFEM Simulation and Parametric Analysis of Thick-Walled Cylindrical Mock-Ups Under Thermo-Shock“. In ASME 2024 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2024-122127.
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Abstract Pressurized thermo-shock (PTS) evaluation is a crucial safety assessment for continued nuclear power plant operation. Given the challenges and cost constraints of full-scale PTS experiments on reactor pressure vessels (RPVs), at Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) thermal shock-like cooling experiments on small, thick-walled cylindrical mock-ups have been conducted. These aim to understand the initiation, growth, and arrest of precracks. Simultaneously, ABAQUS simulations with a 2D extended finite element model (XFEM) focused on simulating precrack fracture behavior under thermal shock (TS) have been performed. These simulations exclude pressure, emphasizing inducing mode I fracture through pure tensile hoop stresses during rapid cooling, mimicking a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) scenario. Material considered is thermally treated RPV steel (17MoV 8-4), simulating end-of-life service conditions. The XFEM model’s sensitivity to mesh size and fracture criteria are discussed, emphasizing their importance in predicting crack paths. The research contributes to understanding extreme conditions, enhancing the safety and reliability of nuclear power generation.
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Guo, Heze, Jing Wang, Xinyu Hu, Kai Jiang, Wenjing Tang und Wei Xia. „Mid-infrared properties of optical parametric oscillations based on layered PtS2 modulated laser pumping“. In Advanced Lasers, High-Power Lasers, and Applications XIII, herausgegeben von Shibin Jiang, Ingmar Hartl und Jun Liu. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2641608.
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Coules, H. E., P. J. Orrock und C. E. Truman. „Feasibility of Reduced-Size Spinning Cylinder Specimens for Pressurised Thermal Shock Testing“. In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65489.
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Pressurised Thermal Shock (PTS) is one potential risk to the integrity of the reactor pressure vessel in a pressurised water reactor. It has been postulated that PTS could occur as a result of various initiating events such as loss-of-coolant accidents with subsequent re-pressurisation. Experimental studies of PTS are typically very difficult and expensive to perform because both a severe thermal shock and a primary load must be applied to the test specimen, while the specimen itself must be very large to imitate the behaviour of the RPV wall. We investigated the feasibility of using scaled-down PTS test specimens based on the spinning-cylinder concept. The use of scaled-down specimens could greatly reduce the difficulty and cost of experimental PTS testing. To explore this concept, we used a particularly well-characterised spinning-cylinder PTS test: the NESC-1 test which was performed in the late 1990s. A large parametric set of elastic-plastic finite element models was used determine a combination of specimen dimensions and test conditions that would very closely mimic the crack tip conditions which occurred during NESC-1. Specifically, the modelling demonstrated that it was indeed possible to replicate the KJ vs. temperature trajectory, and crack tip constraint, at a critical point on the crack tip line from which tearing initiated during the actual NESC-1 test. The reduced-size specimen must be carefully designed: it cannot be a simple linear scale-down due to the inherent non-linearity of both the thermal and mechanical processes which occur during PTS.
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Chapuliot, S., Y. Me´nager und S. Marie. „Stress Intensity Factors for Under-Clad and Through-Clad Defects in a PWR RPV Submitted to a Pressurised Thermal Shock“. In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71252.
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CEA has launched important work on the development of a Stress Intensity Factors compendium for cracks in RPV walls taking into account the cladding. The work is performed by a F.E. analysis with a parametric mesh for two types of defects (under-clad defect and through-clad defect) in a wide range of geometrical and material parameters. In addition, an analytical stress solution for PTS on the RPV is proposed to allow a complete analytical estimation of the stress intensity factor KI for the PTS problem. The results are validated by their application on a complex and realistic case study, and the comparison with the complete 3D finite element calculation.
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Palareti, G., M. Maccaferri, M. Poggi, F. Petrini, S. Coccheri, F. Haverkate, F. Montanari und A. S. Corticelli. „EFFECTS OF GABEXATE MESILATE (FOY), A NEW SYNTHETIC SERINE PROTEASE INHIBITOR, ON BLOOD COAGULATION IN PATIENTS WITH DIC“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644343.
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A pilot open controlled study of FOY was performed in 20 intensive care patients (pts, age 18-63) with DIC diagnosed with standard laboratory criteria (at least 3 of the following: Normotest 70%, fibrinogen 150 mg%, AT III 80%, FDP 20 ug/ml, platelets 150000). Besides the usual treatments, FOY was given to 10 pts (FOY G.) by continuous i.v. infusion (1mg/kg/h) for up to 7 days, while in 10 control pts (Hep.G.) the treatment included low dose s.c. heparin. Blood clotting tests were performed at admission to the study and daily for 7 days; we consider here results obtained at baseline and at the 4th (7 survivors in FOY G. and 10 in Hep.G.) and the 7th day (6 surv. in FOY G. and 9 in Hep. G.). Statistical evaluation was made by means of the twotailed Wilcoxon test for non parametric paired data. In the FOY G. depressed baseline AT III and plasminogen (Plgn) activities (61.8+/-5.3% and 57+/-5.5% respectively) significantly increased at 4th day (92+/-11.2% and 83+/-3.1% p<0.05), Plgn furtherly significantly increased at 7th d. (p<0.05). In the Hep.G. Normotest, Plgn and Platelets significantly (p<0.05) increased at 4th day, but no changes in AT III were found. Fibrinogen increased in both groups during the observation period (pA0.05). Serum and especially "plasma" FDP (specific monoclonal Ab to fgn and fibrin degradation products), as well as D-Dirner and HMW fgn complexes measured by exclusion chromatography, decreased especially in the FOY G. These results show that FOY modifies the clotting laboratory pattern in DIC pts, likely by an antithrombin effect. The clinical significance of these effects remains, however, to be explored.
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Alashkar, Adnan, und Mohamed Gadalla. „Evaluation of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Systems on Thermo-Economic Characteristics of PTSC Solar-Based Power Generation Plants“. In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88477.
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In this study, the effect of adding a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system on the performance and financial parametric of a solar-based power generation plant is investigated. The effect of the storage period of the TES on the annual energy output, storage volume, net savings, and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LEC) of the plant is studied. The analysis is done for two different Heat Transfer Fluids (HTF) (Therminol VP-1, Hitec Solar Salt) inside the Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC), and for different storage fluids (Molten Salts, Oils) in an attempt to study its effect on the performance of the TES system and the solar-based power generation plant. In addition, a comparison between passive and active TES systems is conducted. Moreover, a complete thermo-economic analysis based on the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) values of the city of Abu Dhabi is provided with regards to the operation of the plant with and without a TES system. Further, a study is conducted to investigate the effect of reducing the storage volume of the TES by utilizing parallel TES tanks arrangement. The simulation results suggest that direct-active TES systems are the most efficient. For instance, when Therminol VP-1 is used as an HTF and a storage fluid, the annual energy increased by 77% and reduced LEC from 6.03 c/kWh to 4.09 c/kWh. In addition, the use of parallel arrangement TES tanks increased the net saving of the system from $ 4,757,483 to $ 4,891,279.
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Martin, A., D. Monfort, G. Bezdikian, F. Beaud, F. Lestang und C. Vit. „CFD-Tool for Assessment of the Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity in Pressure Thermal Shock Conditions: Influence of Temperature Safety Injection and Fluid-Structure Thermal Coupling“. In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71585.
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Integrity evaluation methods for nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) under Pressurised Thermal Shock (PTS) loading are applied by French Utility. They are based on the analysis of the behavior of relatively shallow cracks under loading PTS conditions due to the emergency cooling during SBLOCA (Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident) transients. This paper presents the Research and Development program started at E.D.F on the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) determination of the cooling phenomena of a PWR vessel during a Pressurised Thermal Shock. The numerical results are obtained with the thermal-hydraulic tool Code_Saturne, in combination with the thermal-solid code SYRTHES to take into account the coupled effect of heat transfer between the fluid flow and the vessel. Based on the global and local Thermal-hydraulic analysis of a Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident transient, the paper presents mainly a parametric study whose purpose is to understand the main phenomena which can lead to better estimating the margin factors. The geometry studied represents a third of a PWR pressure vessel and the configuration investigated is related to the injection of cold water in the vessel during a SBLOCA transient. Conservative initial and boundary conditions for the CFD calculation are derived from the global Thermal-hydraulic analysis. Both the fluid behavior and its impact on the solid part formed by cladding and base metal are considered. On the whole, the main purpose of the numerical thermal-hydraulic studies is to accurately estimate the distribution of fluid temperature in the down comer and the heat transfer coefficients on the inner RPV surface for a fracture mechanics computation which will subsequently assess the associated RPV safety margin factors.
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Martin, A., S. Benhamadouche, G. Bezdikian, F. Beaud und F. Lestang. „CFD-Tool for Assessment of the Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity in Pressure Thermal Shock Conditions: Influence of Turbulence Model and Mesh Refinement on the Vessel Thermal Loading During PTS Transient“. In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93311.
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Integrity evaluation methods for nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessels (RPVs) under Pressurised Thermal Shock (PTS) loading are applied by French Utility. They are based on the analysis of the behavior of relatively shallow cracks under loading PTS conditions due to the emergency cooling during SBLOCA (Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident) transients. This paper presents the Research and Development program started at E.D.F on the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) determination of the cooling phenomena of a PWR vessel during a Pressurised Thermal Shock. The numerical results are obtained with the thermal-hydraulic tool Code_Saturne, in combination with the thermal-solid code SYRTHES to take into account the coupled effect of heat transfer between the fluid flow and the vessel. Based on the global and local Thermal-hydraulic analysis of a Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident transient, the paper presents mainly a parametric study which helps to understand the main phenomena that can lead to better estimating the margin factors. The geometry studied represents a third of a PWR pressure vessel and the configuration investigated is related to the injection of cold water in the vessel during a SBLOCA transient. Conservative initial and boundary conditions for the CFD calculation are derived from the global Thermal-hydraulic analysis. Both the fluid behavior and its impact on the solid part formed by cladding and base metal are considered. The main purpose of the numerical thermal-hydraulic studies is to accurately estimate the distribution of fluid temperature in the down comer and the heat transfer coefficients on the inner RPV surface for a fracture mechanics computation which will subsequently assess the associated RPV safety margin factors.
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Wang, Jer-Fu, Chun-Hung Chen, Chang-Ching Chang und Chi-Chang Lin. „Vibration Control of Buildings Using Series Rolling-Pendulum Tuned Mass Dampers“. In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93968.
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Abstract This paper proposes a passive vibration control device, series rolling-pendulum tuned mass damper (SRPTMD), with a “ball-in-ball” configuration. A conventional pendulum TMD (PTMD) generally requires a long cable length that usually exceeds one-story height for high-rise buildings. A rolling-pendulum TMD (RPTMD) is a mass that can roll on a base with a curvature instead of swaying with a cable, significantly reducing the requirement of vertical rooms. In addition, a ball-in-ball SRPTMD is equivalent to a system with two degrees of freedom in series. This study aimed to derive equations of motion of the primary building-SRPTMD system, conduct a parametric study for SRPTMD, and investigate the structural control performance of an SRPTMD. Results showed that an SRPTMD performed similarly to an RPTMD. One advantage of an SRPTMD is that the fundamental natural frequency of an SRPTMD can be altered to a certain extent by changing the radius ratio of the inner ball to the outer ball, whereas the natural frequency of an RPTMD can only be altered by changing the curvature of its base, which is far more difficult. Another advantage is that the two modal frequencies of an SRPTMD can be manipulated by selecting a specific set of radius ratios between the base, the outer ball, and the inner ball, which means that an SRPTMD has higher potential on multiple modes control.