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Liang, Yu, Shu Li, Hui Zhang und Chengde Han. „Timing-sequence testing of parallel programs“. Journal of Computer Science and Technology 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02951930.
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Yang, Cheer-Sun D., und Lori L. Pollock. „All-uses testing of shared memory parallel programs“. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability 13, Nr. 1 (Januar 2003): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stvr.262.
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Souza, S. R. S., S. R. Vergilio, P. S. L. Souza, A. S. Simão und A. C. Hausen. „Structural testing criteria for message-passing parallel programs“. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 20, Nr. 16 (November 2008): 1893–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1297.
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HINSEN, KONRAD. „HIGH-LEVEL PARALLEL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT WITH PYTHON AND BSP“. Parallel Processing Letters 13, Nr. 03 (September 2003): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001434.
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One of the main obstacles to a more widespread use of parallel computing in computational science is the difficulty of implementing, testing, and maintaining parallel programs. The combination of a simple parallel computation model, BSP, and a high-level programming language, Python, simplifies these tasks significantly. It allows the rapid development facilities of Python to be applied to parallel programs, providing interactive development as well as interactive debugging of parallel programs.
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Kähkönen, Kari, Olli Saarikivi und Keijo Heljanko. „LCT: A Parallel Distributed Testing Tool for Multithreaded Java Programs“. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 296 (August 2013): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2013.09.002.
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Alghamdi, Ahmed Mohammed, Fathy Elbouraey Eassa, Maher Ali Khamakhem, Abdullah Saad AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, Ahmed S. Alfakeeh, Abdullah S. Alshahrani und Ala A. Alarood. „Parallel Hybrid Testing Techniques for the Dual-Programming Models-Based Programs“. Symmetry 12, Nr. 9 (20.09.2020): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091555.
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The importance of high-performance computing is increasing, and Exascale systems will be feasible in a few years. These systems can be achieved by enhancing the hardware’s ability as well as the parallelism in the application by integrating more than one programming model. One of the dual-programming model combinations is Message Passing Interface (MPI) + OpenACC, which has several features including increased system parallelism, support for different platforms with more performance, better productivity, and less programming effort. Several testing tools target parallel applications built by using programming models, but more effort is needed, especially for high-level Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-related programming models. Owing to the integration of different programming models, errors will be more frequent and unpredictable. Testing techniques are required to detect these errors, especially runtime errors resulting from the integration of MPI and OpenACC; studying their behavior is also important, especially some OpenACC runtime errors that cannot be detected by any compiler. In this paper, we enhance the capabilities of ACC_TEST to test the programs built by using the dual-programming models MPI + OpenACC and detect their related errors. Our tool integrated both static and dynamic testing techniques to create ACC_TEST and allowed us to benefit from the advantages of both techniques reducing overheads, enhancing system execution time, and covering a wide range of errors. Finally, ACC_TEST is a parallel testing tool that creates testing threads based on the number of application threads for detecting runtime errors.
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König, Daniel, und Markus Lohrey. „Parallel identity testing for skew circuits with big powers and applications“. International Journal of Algebra and Computation 28, Nr. 06 (September 2018): 979–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196718500431.
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Powerful skew arithmetic circuits are introduced. These are skew arithmetic circuits with variables, where input gates can be labeled with powers [Formula: see text] for binary encoded numbers [Formula: see text]. It is shown that polynomial identity testing for powerful skew arithmetic circuits belongs to [Formula: see text], which generalizes a corresponding result for (standard) skew circuits. Two applications of this result are presented: (i) Equivalence of higher-dimensional straight-line programs can be tested in [Formula: see text]; this result is even new in the one-dimensional case, where the straight-line programs produce words. (ii) The compressed word problem (or circuit evaluation problem) for certain wreath products of finitely generated abelian groups belongs to [Formula: see text]. Using the Magnus embedding, it follows that the compressed word problem for a free metabelian group belongs to [Formula: see text].
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Suijlen, Wijnand. „Mock BSPlib for Testing and Debugging Bulk Synchronous Parallel Software“. Parallel Processing Letters 27, Nr. 01 (März 2017): 1740001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626417400011.
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Testing parallel applications on a large number of processors is often impractical. Not only does it require access to scarce compute resources, but tracking down defects with the available debugging tools can often be very time consuming. Highly parallel codes should be testable on one processor at a time, so that a developer’s workstation is sufficient for executing and debugging test cases on millions of processes. Thanks to its supersteps, Bulk Synchronous Parallel programs are well suited for this kind of testing. This paper presents a mocking library for BSPlib which enables testing of fast and complex parallel algorithms at scale.
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Williams, Marc S. „Early Lessons from the Implementation of Genomic Medicine Programs“. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 20, Nr. 1 (31.08.2019): 389–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-014924.
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Massively parallel sequencing is emerging from research settings into clinical practice, helping the vision of precision medicine to become a reality. The most successful applications are using the tools of implementation science within the framework of the learning health-care system. This article examines the application of massively parallel sequencing to four clinical scenarios: pharmacogenomics, diagnostic testing, somatic testing for molecular tumor characterization, and population screening. For each application, it highlights an exemplar program to illustrate the enablers and challenges of implementation. International examples are also presented. These early lessons will allow other programs to account for these factors, helping to accelerate the implementation of precision medicine and health.
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Delamaro, Márcio E., Stevão A. Andrade, Simone R. S. de Souza und Paulo S. L. de Souza. „Parallel Execution of Programs as a Support for Mutation Testing: A Replication Study“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, Nr. 03 (März 2021): 337–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500121.
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Mutation testing is well known as one of the most effective approaches to create test cases, which can detect software faults. However, its drawback is the low scalability — if no special attention is given to improve efficiency — that directly affects its application in practice. This paper shows a replication study focused on emphasizing evidence in which the use of distributed processing structures can improve mutation testing. For this purpose, an architecture that enables mutation testing concurrent execution was designed. Five load balancing algorithms responsible for controlling the distribution and execution of data while carrying out mutation testing were evaluated. Experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the scalability and performance of the architecture considering homogeneous and heterogeneous setups. A time reduction of 50% was observed when executing mutants in parallel in relation to the conventional sequential application of mutation testing. The performance gain was above 95% when there was a higher number of nodes in the distributed architecture.
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AlDhubhani, Raed, Fathy Eassa und Faisal Saeed. „Exascale Message Passing Interface based Program Deadlock Detection“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, Nr. 2 (01.04.2016): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.9575.
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Deadlock detection is one of the main issues of software testing in High Performance Computing (HPC) and also inexascale computing areas in the near future. Developing and testing programs for machines which have millions of cores is not an easy task. HPC program consists of thousands (or millions) of parallel processes which need to communicate with each other in the runtime. Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standard library which provides this communication capability and it is frequently used in the HPC. Exascale programs are expected to be developed using MPI standard library. For parallel programs, deadlock is one of the expected problems. In this paper, we discuss the deadlock detection for exascale MPI-based programs where the scalability and efficiency are critical issues. The proposed method detects and flags the processes and communication operations which are potential to cause deadlocks in a scalable and efficient manner. MPI benchmark programs were used to test the proposed method.
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AlDhubhani, Raed, Fathy Eassa und Faisal Saeed. „Exascale Message Passing Interface based Program Deadlock Detection“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, Nr. 2 (01.04.2016): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i2.pp887-894.
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Deadlock detection is one of the main issues of software testing in High Performance Computing (HPC) and also inexascale computing areas in the near future. Developing and testing programs for machines which have millions of cores is not an easy task. HPC program consists of thousands (or millions) of parallel processes which need to communicate with each other in the runtime. Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standard library which provides this communication capability and it is frequently used in the HPC. Exascale programs are expected to be developed using MPI standard library. For parallel programs, deadlock is one of the expected problems. In this paper, we discuss the deadlock detection for exascale MPI-based programs where the scalability and efficiency are critical issues. The proposed method detects and flags the processes and communication operations which are potential to cause deadlocks in a scalable and efficient manner. MPI benchmark programs were used to test the proposed method.
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Fedulov, Alexander S., Yaroslav A. Fedulov und Anastasiya S. Fedulova. „Joint use of OpenMP and MPI technologies on the nodes of the computational cluster“. Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, Nr. 92 (30.04.2021): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-2-60-71.
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This work is devoted to the problem of implementing an efficient parallel program that solves the asigned task using the maximum available amount of computing cluster resources in order to obtain the corresponding gain in performance with respect to the sequential version of the algorithm. The main objective of the work was to study the possibilities of joint use of the parallelization technologies OpenMP and MPI, considering the characteristics and features of the problems being solved, to increase the performance of executing parallel algorithms and programs on a computing cluster. This article provides a brief overview of approaches to calculating the sequential programs complexity functions. To determine the parallel programs complexity, an approach based on operational analysis was used. The features of the sequential programs parallelization technologies OpenMP and MPI are described. The main software and hardware factors affecting the execution speed of parallel programs on the nodes of a computing cluster are presented. The main attention in this paper is paid to the study of the impact on performance of computational and exchange operations number ratio in programs. To implement the research, parallel OpenMP and MPI testing programs were developed, in which the total number of operations and the correlation between computational and exchange operations are set. A computing cluster consisting of several nodes was used as a hardware and software platform. Experimental studies have made it possible to confirm the effectiveness of the hybrid model of a parallel program in multi-node systems with heterogeneous memory using OpenMP in shared memory subsystems, and MPI in a distributed memory subsystems
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Darondeau, Philippe, und Boubakar Gamatie. „Infinitary Behaviours and Infinitary Observations“. Fundamenta Informaticae 13, Nr. 3 (01.07.1990): 353–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1990-13308.
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We present a denotational model for CCS, accounting for finite as well as infinite behaviours. The meanings of programs are combinations of ready sets and infinitary languages. The model is shown fully abstract w.r.t. the equivalence u ∼ v if L(u,t)=L(v,t) for any testing program t, where L(p,q) is the set of totally ordered traces of communications between programs p and q set in parallel.
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Vlacic, Ljubo. „The 2009-2020 Chinese Program on Self Driving and Parallel Testing [Editor's Column]“. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine 13, Nr. 2 (2021): 3–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mits.2021.3065863.
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Zhao, An, Yihua Yan, Wei Wang, Linjie Chen, Jian Zhang und Fei Liu. „Five-element Digital Corrector Receiver for the Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S294 (August 2012): 497–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313003025.
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AbstractThe design of five-element digital receiver system is decribed. At first, we analyzed the process of data processing in the receiver system. Then we wrote programs to implement the FIR parallel filter and showed its simulation results. Finally the testing result of the correlation receiver system is demonstrated.
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Singh, Ajit. „Communication Coroutines For Parallel Program Using DW26010 Many Core Processor“. Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics 3, Nr. 1 (22.02.2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v3i1.3.
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Communication between parallel programs is an indispensable part of parallel computing. SW26010 is a heterogeneous many-core processor used to build the Sunway Taihu Light supercomputer, which is well suited for parallel computing. There is the designing and implementing a coroutine scheduling system on the SW26010 processor to improve its concurrency, it is very important and necessary to achieve communication between coroutines for the coroutine scheduling system in advance. Therefore, this paper proposes a communication system for data and information exchange between coroutines on SW26010 processor, which contains the following parts. The designing and implementation a producer-consumer mode channel communication based on ring buffer, and it designs synchronization mechanism for condition of multi-producer and multi-consumer based on the different atomic operation on MPE (management processing element) and CPE (computing processing element) of SW26010. There is also the designing of a wake-up mechanism between the producer and the consumer, which reduces the waiting of the program for communication. The testing and analysis of the performance of channel in different numbers of producers and consumers, draw the conclusion that when the number of producers and consumers increases, the channel performance will decrease.
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Steiss, V., T. Letschert, H. Schafer und R. Pahl. „PERMORY-MPI: a program for high-speed parallel permutation testing in genome-wide association studies“. Bioinformatics 28, Nr. 8 (17.02.2012): 1168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts086.
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Debeer, Dries, Peter W. van Rijn und Usama S. Ali. „Multidimensional Test Assembly Using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming: An Application of Kullback–Leibler Information“. Applied Psychological Measurement 44, Nr. 1 (25.02.2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621619827586.
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Many educational testing programs require different test forms with minimal or no item overlap. At the same time, the test forms should be parallel in terms of their statistical and content-related properties. A well-established method to assemble parallel test forms is to apply combinatorial optimization using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Using this approach, in the unidimensional case, Fisher information (FI) is commonly used as the statistical target to obtain parallelism. In the multidimensional case, however, FI is a multidimensional matrix, which complicates its use as a statistical target. Previous research addressing this problem focused on item selection criteria for multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT). Yet these selection criteria are not directly transferable to the assembly of linear parallel test forms. To bridge this gap the authors derive different statistical targets, based on either FI or the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence, that can be applied in MILP models to assemble multidimensional parallel test forms. Using simulated item pools and an item pool based on empirical items, the proposed statistical targets are compared and evaluated. Promising results with respect to the KL-based statistical targets are presented and discussed.
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Zhang, Lei, Guo Xin Zhang, Yi Liu und Hai Lin Pan. „Parallelization Development Method and Realization for a FEM Simulation Program“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 3169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.3169.
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The parallel computation of equation sets solution are crucial for finite element analysis. The paper discussed the key technology of FEM parallelization and the parallelization strategy for the FEM program is given; and then discussed the Data structure of Aztec and how to call Aztec which consists of Krylov subspace iterative methods solvers and preconditioners; finally, the realization and testing of the Aztec-based finite element program parallelization was put forward. Test results show that there are high efficiency of this method which make the SapTis software more powerful, flexible and adaptable.
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GRIESKAMP, WOLFGANG, NICOLAS KICILLOF und NIKOLAI TILLMANN. „ACTION MACHINES: A FRAMEWORK FOR ENCODING AND COMPOSING PARTIAL BEHAVIORS“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 16, Nr. 05 (Oktober 2006): 705–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002963.
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We describe action machines, a framework for encoding and composing partial behavioral descriptions. Action machines encode behavior as a variation of labeled transition systems where the labels are observable activities of the described artifact and the states capture full data models. Labels may also have structure, and both labels and states may be partial with a symbolic representation of the unknown parts. Action machines may stem from software models or programs, and can be composed in a variety of ways to synthesize new behaviors. The composition operators described here include synchronized and interleaving parallel composition, sequential composition, and alternating simulation. We use action machines in analysis processes such as model checking and model-based testing. The current main application is in the area of model-based conformance testing, where our approach addresses practical problems users at Microsoft have in applying model-based testing technology.
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AUGUSTON, M., und P. FRITZSON. „PARFORMAN—AN ASSERTION LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFYING BEHAVIOR WHEN DEBUGGING PARALLEL APPLICATIONS“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 06, Nr. 04 (Dezember 1996): 609–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194096000259.
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PARFORMAN (PARallel FORMal ANnotation language) is a high-level specification language for expressing intended behavior or known types of error conditions when debugging or testing parallel programs. Models of intended or faulty target program behavior can be succinctly specified in PARFORMAN. These models are then compared with the actual behavior in terms of execution traces of events, in order to localize possible bugs. PARFORMAN can also be used as a general language for expressing computations over target program execution histories. PARFORM AN is based on a precise model of target program behavior. This model, called H-space (History-space), is formally defined through a set of general axioms about three basic relations, which may or may not hold between two arbitrary events: they may be sequentially ordered (SEQ), they may be parallel (PAR), or one of them might be included in another composite event (IN). The general notion of composite event is exploited systematically, which makes possible more powerful and succinct specifications. The notion of event grammar is introduced to describe allowed event patterns over a certain application domain or language. Auxiliary composite events such as Snapshots are introduced to be able to define the notion “occurred at the same time” at suitable levels of abstraction. Finally, patterns and aggregate operations on events are introduced to make possible short and readable specifications. In addition to debugging and testing, PARFORMAN can also be used to specify profiles and performance measurements.
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Kost, Gerald J. „Preventing Medical Errors in Point-of-Care Testing“. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 125, Nr. 10 (01.10.2001): 1307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2001-125-1307-pmeipo.
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Abstract Objective.—To prevent medical errors, improve user performance, and enhance the quality, safety, and connectivity (bidirectional communication) of point-of-care testing. Participants.—Group A included 37 multidisciplinary experts in point-of-care testing programs in critical care and other hospital disciplines. Group B included 175 professional point-of-care managers, specialists, clinicians, and researchers. The total number of participants equaled 212. Evidence.—This study followed a systems approach. Expert specifications for prevention of medical errors were incorporated into the designs of security, validation, performance, and emergency systems. Additional safeguards need to be implemented through instrument software options and point-of-care coordinators. Connectivity will be facilitated by standards that eliminate deficiencies in instrument communication and device compatibility. Assessment of control features on handheld, portable, and transportable point-of-care instruments shows that current error reduction features lag behind needs. Consensus Process.—Step 1: United States national survey and collation of group A expert requirements for security, validation, and performance. Step 2: Design of parallel systems for these functions. Step 3: Written critique and improvement of the error-prevention systems during 4 successive presentations to group B participants over 9 months until system designs stabilized into final consensus form. Conclusions.—The consensus process produced 6 conclusions for preventing medical errors in point-of-care testing: (1) adopt operator certification and validation in point-of-care testing programs; (2) implement security, validation, performance, and emergency systems on existing and new devices; (3) require flexible, user-defined error-prevention system options on instruments as a prerequisite to federal licensing of new diagnostic tests and devices; (4) integrate connectivity standards for bidirectional information exchange; (5) preserve fast therapeutic turnaround time of point-of-care test results; and (6) monitor invalid use, operator competence, quality compliance, and other performance improvement indices to reduce errors, thereby focusing on patient outcomes. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;1307–1315)
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Guo, Li Jie. „Nonlinear Analysis of Mixed Signal Test Based on Graphic Program Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (Juli 2014): 489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.489.
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In this paper, based on the parabolic interpolation function of nonlinear Lagrange, we establish the mathematical model of business translation graphical teaching method. In order to verify the availability and reliability of the model and algorithm, we test the performance of graphic business English translation platform. After testing the mixed signal of platform, the current with fault is lower than circuit without fault. The peak voltage of triangular wave is about-6V and 6V. According to the response curves of English translation circuit, different sequencers realize the parallel translation. It improves business English translation speed, and provides the technical reference for the innovation cultivation of business English talents.
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Retnaningsih, Woro, Djatmiko und Sumarlam. „Developing Model Assesement for Learning (AFL) to Improve Quality and Evaluation in Pragmatic Course in IAIN Surakarta“. English Language Teaching 10, Nr. 5 (19.04.2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n5p97.
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The research objective is to develop a model of Assessment for Learning (AFL) in Pragmatic course in IAIN Surakarta. The research problems are as follows: How did the lecturer develop a model of AFL? What was the form of assessment information used as the model of AFL? How was the results of the implementation of the model of assessment. The method used in this study is Research, Development and Diffusion. There were three steps activities in this model. The first step, the researcher done the activities included doing the basic scientific inquiry, investigation issues of education, data collection and designing the operational research planning. The second step, the researcher was composing AFL modeling, data validation from the experts and practitioners, compossing readability test; included trial operation models to find solutions to the problems, planning an educational programs, testing, and evaluating the programs. The third step was diffusion, the reseacher informing the target system, demonstrations programs, training to use the target system and program solutions, servicing and maintaining. The population of this study were 150 students from fives classes. From the data analysis shown than the application of AFL model for Pragmatic course could be improved in understanding the materials and English performing. The average score of Pragmatic course was 3.18 from 5 parallel classes, while the average scores of Vocabulary course is 2.40 from 5 parallel classes. The data analyzis shown that AFL method was more suitable to teach English Pragmatic course than English Vocabulary course.
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Howell, Lydia Pleotis, Teresa M. Darragh, Rhona J. Souers, Nicole Thomas und Ann T. Moriarty. „Identification of Trichomonas vaginalis in Different Papanicolaou Test Preparations: Trends Over Time in the College of American Pathologists Educational Interlaboratory Comparison Program“. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 137, Nr. 8 (01.08.2013): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0036-cp.
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Context.—The College of American Pathologists' Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology has seen an increase in enrollment in liquid-based Papanicolaou test challenges with a decrease for conventional Papanicolaou tests. Trichomonas vaginalis can be difficult to identify in all preparation types. Objectives.—To evaluate 20 years of participant results from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology for Trichomonas to ascertain whether performance has changed because of the introduction of liquid-based Papanicolaou and proficiency testing. Design.—Concordance rates for the target diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis were evaluated for 167 956 participant responses (1990–2010). A nonlinear mixed model was fit with participant type, preparation type, and a 2-level program year (1990–2005 and 2006–2010) reflecting before and after proficiency testing began. A repeated-measures component allowed modeling of the slide-specific performance to ensure that the overall results were not based on the performance of a few slides. Results.—Cytotechnologists had higher concordance with the target diagnosis than did pathologists (89.8% [72 992 of 81 319] versus 83.4% [72 271 of 86 637], P < .001) and better performance for each preparation type (P = .003). Concordance initially dropped after the introduction of proficiency testing (P < .001) for conventional and liquid-based (SurePath) preparations by both participant types, followed by quick, parallel improvement. Conclusions.—Performance is high in the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Gynecologic Cytology. Liquid-based Papanicolaou and proficiency testing minimally affected participant performance. Cytotechnologists performed better over time and across preparation types than did pathologists, although pathologists showed performance results parallel to that of the cytotechnologists. Awareness of the performance differences by pathologists and cytotechnologists, as well as their difference in proficiency among liquid-based techniques, may help ensure accurate results in clinical practice.
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Remes-Troche, José María, Gabriela Hinojosa-Garza, Priscilla Espinosa-Tamez, Arturo Meixueiro-Daza, Peter Grube-Pagola, Katherine Van Loon, Michael B. Potter und Martin Lajous. „Faecal immunochemical test-based colorectal cancer screening in Mexico: an initial experience“. Family Practice 37, Nr. 3 (21.01.2020): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmz078.
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Abstract Background In middle-income countries, the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in parallel with resources for diagnosis and treatment. There is a potential benefit of CRC screening programs in Mexico. Objective Since there are no organized screening programs in the country, we explored the willingness of individuals to complete a faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) based CRC screening program and its potential benefit in Mexico. Methods We conducted a CRC screening program pilot in Veracruz, Mexico, during 2015–16 using FIT. Individuals with FIT results >100 ng of haemoglobin/ml buffer were referred for diagnostic colonoscopy. Results Of 473 FIT kits distributed to adults aged 50–75, 85.8% (406) were completed by participants and analysed in the laboratory. Of these, 5.9% (24/406) of test results showed >100 ng haemoglobin/ml. Twenty-one participants completed colonoscopy. The positive predictive value of FIT >100 ng haemoglobin/ml for premalignant lesions was 33%. Conclusion These results provide preliminary evidence of the willingness of individuals to complete FIT-based CRC screening program in Mexico. However, further evaluation of health systems resources will be needed prior to large-scale implementation of CRC screening programs.
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Rowe, Alexander D., Stephanie D. Stoway, Henrik Åhlman, Vaneet Arora, Michele Caggana, Anna Fornari, Arthur Hagar et al. „A Novel Approach to Improve Newborn Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism by Integrating Covariate-Adjusted Results of Different Tests into CLIR Customized Interpretive Tools“. International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, Nr. 2 (23.04.2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7020023.
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Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism remains challenging decades after broad implementation worldwide. Testing protocols are not uniform in terms of targets (TSH and/or T4) and protocols (parallel vs. sequential testing; one or two specimen collection times), and specificity (with or without collection of a second specimen) is overall poor. The purpose of this retrospective study is to investigate the potential impact of multivariate pattern recognition software (CLIR) to improve the post-analytical interpretation of screening results. Seven programs contributed reference data (N = 1,970,536) and two sets of true (TP, N = 1369 combined) and false (FP, N = 15,201) positive cases for validation and verification purposes, respectively. Data were adjusted for age at collection, birth weight, and location using polynomial regression models of the fifth degree to create three-dimensional regression surfaces. Customized Single Condition Tools and Dual Scatter Plots were created using CLIR to optimize the differential diagnosis between TP and FP cases in the validation set. Verification testing correctly identified 446/454 (98%) of the TP cases, and could have prevented 1931/5447 (35%) of the FP cases, with variable impact among locations (range 4% to 50%). CLIR tools either as made here or preferably standardized to the recommended uniform screening panel could improve performance of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism.
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Gupta, Varun, Durg Singh Chauhan und Kamlesh Dutta. „Hybrid Regression Testing Based on Path Pruning“. International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 5, Nr. 1 (Januar 2015): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2015010103.
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Regression testing has been studied by various researchers for developing and testing the quality of software. Regression testing aims at re-execution of evolved software code to ensure that no new errors had been introduced during the process of modification. Since re-execution of all test cases is not feasible, selecting manageable number of test cases to execute modified code with good fault detection rate is a problem. In past few years, various hybrid based regression testing approaches have been proposed and successfully employed for software testing, aiming at reduction in the number of test cases and higher fault detection capabilities. These techniques are based on sequence of selections, prioritizations and minimization of test suite. However, these techniques suffer from major drawbacks like improper consideration of control dependencies, neglection of unaffected fragments of code for testing purpose. Further, these techniques have been employed on hypothetical or simple programs with test suites of smaller size. Present paper proposes hybrid regression testing, a combination of test case selections, test case prioritizations and test suite minimization. The technique works at statement level and is based on finding the paths containing statements that affects or gets affected by the addition/deletion or modification (both control and data dependency) of variables in statements. The modification in the code may cause ripple effect thereby resulting into faulty execution of the code. The hybrid regression testing approach is aimed at detecting such faults with lesser number of test cases. Reduction in number of test cases is possible because of the decreased number of paths to be tested. A web based framework to automate and parallelize this testing technique to maximum extend, making it well suited for globally distributed environments is also proposed in the present paper. Framework when implemented as a tool can handle large pool of test cases and will make use of parallel MIMD architectures like multicore systems. Technique is applied on prototype live system and results are compared with recently proposed hybrid regression testing approach against parameters of interest. Obtained optimized results are indicators of effectiveness of approach in terms of reduction in effort, cost as well as testing time in general and increment delivery time in particular.
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Lohuis, Michael M. „189 Choices ahead for dairy cattle breeding programs“. Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (Dezember 2019): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.043.
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Abstract Dairy cattle breeding programs have been transformed from conventional progeny-testing schemes to genomic selection paired with nucleus herd breeding in the span of one decade. This was spurred by the simultaneous advances in low-cost SNP genotyping, genomic selection methodology and reproductive biotechnologies. The rates of genetic progress have approximately doubled in this time but so have increases in inbreeding levels. This was driven by intense competition between AI studs and farmer adherence to common selection indices which has concentrated selection on very elite segments of juvenile age groups. This has led to speculation on the need for alternative indices and selection for novel traits in order to differentiate breeding programs and customize selection for unique farm conditions. This will be made more possible by the advent of on-farm sensor technology and artificial intelligence algorithms. Large commercial dairies are increasingly experimenting with crossbreeding with varying levels of success and this will require a new approach by breeding programs to focus both on purebred and crossbred performance. In addition, the potential exists for use of gene-editing to further enable value-added traits to be added into breeding programs. In parallel with breeding program advancements, consumer trends are also changing to include more interest in specialty dairy products with implied differences in digestibility, health or environmental impacts. Identifying technologies and traits that will add value either on the farm as well as at the consumer level will be a challenge for today’s breeders and producers. Some new technologies, such as gene editing, can pose consumer acceptance challenges if they are perceived to be used carelessly or for the wrong reasons. Careful choices will need to be made to continue to improve profitability, functionality and health of dairy cattle while also meeting higher consumer standards for animal welfare, health and the environment.
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Prykhodko, S., I. Lappo und Y. Dobryshkin. „DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THERMAL PRESSURE CHAMBER“. Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, Nr. 6 (30.12.2020): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.6.2020.09.
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Inspection of armament and military equipment (AME) for the quality of manufacture and purpose tasks performance is carried out exclusively through testing. Tasks of conducting tests within the framework of ensuring the implementation of State programs for equipping the Armed Forces of Ukraine with modern armament and military equipment require proper instrumentation of the laboratory and test base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which is necessary to determine during tests numerical indicators of technical and operational characteristics in accordance with requirements of state standards parallel to standards of world’s major economies to evaluate new, upgraded armament, armament with service life extension and procured armament.
During the study, general scientific methods of information processing and systematization were used, in particular system analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical systems.
The purpose of the article is to improve the quality of testing of new and modernized pieces of AME by developing general requirements for a thermal pressure chamber.
A study was conducted to substantiate the composition of the thermal pressure chamber, its main tasks, objects of action, capabilities, conditions of application, requirements for interaction with control systems or other objects with which the system is combined. Based on the analysis, the article proposes general requirements for a thermal pressure chamber, which will improve the quality of testing of new and upgraded pieces of AME; reduce material and technical expenditures and reduce the time of AME testing.
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Moon, Sungdo, Byoungro So und Mary W. Hall. „Combining Compile-Time and Run-Time Parallelization“. Scientific Programming 7, Nr. 3-4 (1999): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/490628.
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This paper demonstrates that significant improvements to automatic parallelization technology require that existing systems be extended in two ways: (1) they must combine high‐quality compile‐time analysis with low‐cost run‐time testing; and (2) they must take control flow into account during analysis. We support this claim with the results of an experiment that measures the safety of parallelization at run time for loops left unparallelized by the Stanford SUIF compiler’s automatic parallelization system. We present results of measurements on programs from two benchmark suites – SPECFP95and NASsample benchmarks – which identify inherently parallel loops in these programs that are missed by the compiler. We characterize remaining parallelization opportunities, and find that most of the loops require run‐time testing, analysis of control flow, or some combination of the two. We present a new compile‐time analysis technique that can be used to parallelize most of these remaining loops. This technique is designed to not only improve the results of compile‐time parallelization, but also to produce low‐cost, directed run‐time tests that allow the system to defer binding of parallelization until run‐time when safety cannot be proven statically. We call this approachpredicated array data‐flow analysis. We augment array data‐flow analysis, which the compiler uses to identify independent and privatizable arrays, by associating predicates with array data‐flow values. Predicated array data‐flow analysis allows the compiler to derive “optimistic” data‐flow values guarded by predicates; these predicates can be used to derive a run‐time test guaranteeing the safety of parallelization.
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Amendola, Laura M., Katie Golden-Grant und Sarah Scollon. „Scaling Genetic Counseling in the Genomics Era“. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 22, Nr. 1 (31.08.2021): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-110320-121752.
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The development of massively parallel sequencing–based genomic sequencing tests has increased genetic test availability and access. The field and practice of genetic counseling have adapted in response to this paradigm-shifting technology and the subsequent transition to practicing genomic medicine. While the key elements defining genetic counseling remain relevant, genetic counseling service delivery models and practice settings have evolved. Genetic counselors are addressing the challenges of direct-to-consumer and consumer-driven genetic testing, and genetic counseling training programs are responding to the ongoing increased demand for genetic counseling services across a broadening range of contexts. The need to diversify both the patient and participant groups with access to genetic information, as well as the field of genetic counseling, is at the forefront of research and training program initiatives. Genetic counselors are key stakeholders in the genomics era, and their contributions are essential to effectively and equitably deliver precision medicine.
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Simpson, Kate, Nicola Bevan, Paul Hastwell, Patrick Eidam, Poonam Shah, Elke Gogo, Steve Rees und Andrew Brown. „The BlueScreen-384 Assay as an Indicator of Genotoxic Hazard Potential in Early-Stage Drug Discovery“. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, Nr. 4 (20.12.2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112470858.
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High-throughput cell-based techniques that permit early detection of compound-induced genotoxic damage have recently become available. Methods based on induction of the GADD45a promoter are attractive because multiple intracellular mechanisms that detect genetic damage intersect at this checkpoint gene. Consequently, assays such as GreenScreen HC, which uses p53-competant human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells and a GADD45a-GFP reporter, have been developed. GreenScreen HC allows weekly testing of dozens of compounds using 96-well microplates, with high interassay consistency. BlueScreen HC is a recent advancement, coupling GADD45a to Gaussia luciferase, with several advantages over GADD45a-GFP including the potential for miniaturization. Here we describe implementation of a 384-well BlueScreen assay. For drug discovery programs carrying out iterative analogue synthesis around a chemical lead series, these assays permit assessment of compound genotoxic potential in parallel to, rather than subsequent to, determination of activity at a therapeutic target. We demonstrate comparability of BlueScreen-384 to GreenScreen HC and illustrate the use of BlueScreen-384 to explore the structure-activity relationship around a genotoxic lead molecule to identify nongenotoxic analogues. BlueScreen-384 can reduce the need for costly and time-consuming analogue testing in more traditional genotoxicity tests, such as the Ames test.
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MacLeod, Clara, Rachel Peletz, Francis Kere, Aminata M’Baye, Michael Onyango, Sadat Aw, Mamadou El Hadj Issabre, Rosalind Tung und Ranjiv Khush. „Are Presence/Absence Microbial Tests Appropriate for Monitoring Large Urban Water Supplies in Sub-Saharan Africa?“ Water 11, Nr. 3 (08.03.2019): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030491.
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Screening for fecal contamination via microbial water quality monitoring is a critical component of safe drinking water provision and public health protection. Achieving adequate levels of microbial water quality testing, however, is a challenge in resource-limited settings. One strategy for addressing this challenge is to improve the efficiency of monitoring programs. In African countries, quantitative microbial testing methods are commonly used to monitor chlorinated piped water systems. However, presence/absence (P/A) tests may provide an appropriate alternative for water supplies that generally show negative fecal contamination results. This study compares 1048 water quality test results for samples collected from five African urban water systems. The operators of the systems conducted parallel tests on the 1048 samples using their standard quantitative methods (e.g., most probable number or membrane filtration) and the Colitag™ method in P/A format. Combined data demonstrates agreement rates of 97.9% (1024/1046) for detecting total coliforms and 97.8% (1025/1048) for detecting E. coli. We conclude that the P/A test offers advantages as a simpler and similarly sensitive measure of potential fecal contamination for large, urban chlorinated water systems. P/A tests may also offer a cost-effective alternative to quantitative methods, as they are quicker to perform and require less laboratory equipment.
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Hattakitpanichakul, Kultida, Rutja Phuphaibul, Srisamorn Phumonsakul und Chukiat Viwatwongkasem. „Effectiveness of the Dual Approach Program to promote sexual abstinence in Thai early female adolescents and improve parent-daughter sexual communication“. Journal of Health Research 33, Nr. 4 (07.07.2019): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-09-2018-0090.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of abstinence-based sexual education programs delivered in parallel to Thai parents and their early adolescent daughters to promote sexual abstinence and improve communication regarding sexual topics between them and their parents. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design included groups of parent/daughter dyads; Group 1 (controls) (n=40), Group 2 Adolescent Program (n=40) and Group 3 Adolescent Parent Program (APP) (n=42). Outcome measures included parent–adolescent communications and adolescents’ sexual abstinence cognitions and intent to abstain from sexual behaviors, measured at five and nine weeks post-programs. Findings Generalized estimating equation analyses indicated that the dual program (APP) was more effective in increasing parental communication with their daughters compared with Group 1 (p-value<0.05) and only the daughters in the APP program reported more positive subjective norms, sense of perceived behavioral control and intent to abstain than did Group 1 (p-value<0.05). Originality/value The overarching goal of supporting the development of family environments where female adolescents are able to talk about sexuality is essential for adolescent sexual health promotion. The data provide further evidence that a dual program with simultaneous parent and female adolescent interactive activities over three sessions is superior compared with programs that target either the parents or the adolescents only. Hence, further replication with more parent–daughter dyads and then within more diverse cultures and populations is warranted. Developing and testing a similarly structured program for parents and sons is also required.
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Asaduzzaman, Abu, Anindya Maiti und Chok Meng Yip. „Fast Effective Deterministic Primality Test Using CUDA/GPGPU“. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 12, Nr. 3 (07.01.2014): 3338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v12i3.3247.
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There are great interests in understanding the manner by which the prime numbers are distributed throughout the integers. Prime numbers are being used in secret codes for more than 60 years now. Computer security authorities use extremely large prime numbers when they devise cryptographs, like RSA (short for Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman) algorithm, for protecting vital information that is transmitted between computers. There are many primality testing algorithms including mathematical models and computer programs. However, they are very time consuming when the given number n is very big or n→∞. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel computing model based on a deterministic algorithm using central processing unit (CPU) / general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) systems, which determines whether an input number is prime or composite much faster. We develop and implement the proposed algorithm using a system with a 8-core CPU and a 448-core GPGPU. Experimental results indicate that upto 94.35x speedup can be achieved for 21-digit decimal numbers.
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Gurjar, Ashok, Dan G. Zollinger und Tianxi Tang. „Strain and Age Effects on Behavior of a Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Material“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1529, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152900112.
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A one-part self-leveling silicone joint sealant material was experimentally investigated in the laboratory. It was found that strain and age had apparent effects on the relaxation modulus of the material. Relaxation tests were conducted under different strain levels. The test samples were exposed to ultraviolet radiation and moisture for artificial aging before testing. For this largely deformable material, finite strain formulas were used in analysis of experimental data. Strain and age effects were successfully normalized in the relaxation master curve by using the superposition principle. On the basis of the master curve, a material model of the generalized Maxwell model in parallel type was constructed. The real time was scaled to the reduced time by time-strain shift and time-age shift factors so as to characterize the strain and age effects. This model is mathematically simple and can be easily applied in finite element programs for concrete pavement joint analysis.
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Kim, Yewon, und Yongjin Yeom. „Accelerated implementation for testing IID assumption of NIST SP 800-90B using GPU“. PeerJ Computer Science 7 (08.03.2021): e404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.404.
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In cryptosystems and cryptographic modules, insufficient entropy of the noise sources that serve as the input into random number generator (RNG) may cause serious damage, such as compromising private keys. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the entropy of the noise source as precisely as possible. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published a standard document known as Special Publication (SP) 800-90B, which describes the method for estimating the entropy of the noise source that is the input into an RNG. The NIST offers two programs for running the entropy estimation process of SP 800-90B, which are written in Python and C++. The running time for estimating the entropy is more than one hour for each noise source. An RNG tends to use several noise sources in each operating system supported, and the noise sources are affected by the environment. Therefore, the NIST program should be run several times to analyze the security of RNG. The NIST estimation runtimes are a burden for developers as well as evaluators working for the Cryptographic Module Validation Program. In this study, we propose a GPU-based parallel implementation of the most time-consuming part of the entropy estimation, namely the independent and identically distributed (IID) assumption testing process. To achieve maximal GPU performance, we propose a scalable method that adjusts the optimal size of the global memory allocations depending on GPU capability and balances the workload between streaming multiprocessors. Our GPU-based implementation excluded one statistical test, which is not suitable for GPU implementation. We propose a hybrid CPU/GPU implementation that consists of our GPU-based program and the excluded statistical test that runs using OpenMP. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is about 3 to 25 times faster than that of the NIST package.
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PETRÁS, ISTVÁN, CSABA REKECZKY, TAMÁS ROSKA, RICARDO CARMONA, FRANCISCO JIMÉNEZ-GARRIDO und ANGEL RODRÍGUEZ-VÁZQUEZ. „EXPLORATION OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMIC PHENOMENA IN A 32×32-CELL STORED PROGRAM TWO-LAYER CNN UNIVERSAL MACHINE CHIP PROTOTYPE“. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, Nr. 06 (Dezember 2003): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603001112.
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This paper describes a full-custom mixed-signal chip that embeds digitally programmable analog parallel processing and distributed image memory on a common silicon substrate. The chip was designed and fabricated in a standard 0.5 μm CMOS technology and contains approximately 500 000 transistors. It consists of 1024 processing units arranged into a 32×32 grid. Each processing element contains two coupled CNN cores, thus, constituting two parallel layers of 32×32 nodes. The functional features of the chip are in accordance with the 2nd Order Complex Cell CNN-UM architecture. It is composed of two CNN layers with programmable inter- and intra-layer connections between cells. Other features are: cellular, spatial-invariant array architecture; randomly selectable memory of instructions; random storage and retrieval of intermediate images. The chip is capable of completing algorithmic image processing tasks controlled by the user-selected stored instructions. The internal analog circuitry is designed to operate with 7-bits equivalent accuracy. The physical implementation of a CNN containing second order cells allows real-time experiments of complex dynamics and active wave phenomena. Such well-known phenomena from the reaction–diffusion equations are traveling waves, autowaves, and spiral-waves. All of these active waves are demonstrated on-chip. Moreover this chip was specifically designed to be suitable for the computation of biologically inspired retina models. These computational experiments have been carried out in a developmental environment designed for testing and programming the analogic (analog-and-logic) programmable array processors.
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Turner, Andrew D., Robert G. Hatfield, Monika Rapkova-Dhanji, Deirdre M. Norton, Myriam Algoet und David N. Lees. „Single-Laboratory Validation of a Refined AOAC HPLC Method 2005.06 for Oysters, Cockles, and Clams in UK Shellfish“. Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 93, Nr. 5 (01.09.2010): 1482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/93.5.1482.
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Abstract In 2009, a refined HPLC method based on AOAC Official MethodSM 2005.06 was developed and validated for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in mussels. A single-laboratory validation study of this method was undertaken here for the analysis of PSP toxins in oysters, cockles, clams, and razor clams. The method was characterized for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, repeatability, recovery, ruggedness, and uncertainty of measurement. Validation data were utilized to determine method performance characteristics for non-mussel bivalves for all commercially available certified reference toxins, extending the method to dcNEO and dcGTX2,3, where available. A period of parallel testing of oysters, cockles, and clams enabled a comparison of sample toxicities obtained using mouse bioassay (MBA) and HPLC methodologies, although only a very low number of PSP-positive samples were obtained through the United Kingdom official control monitoring program. Results from the MBA and HPLC methods were well-correlated for PSP-negative samples, but the low number of naturally contaminated PSP-positive samples has prevented any comparative statistical assessment of method performance for non-mussels between the two official methods. However, some evidence for potentially significant differences in total saxitoxin equivalents obtained by the two methods in some species has highlighted the need for further comparative testing in non-mussel samples to be conducted prior to implementation of the HPLC method in routine official control monitoring programs.
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Pham, Van Han, Sara Wawrzyniak, Ireneusz Cichy, Michał Bronikowski und Andrzej Rokita. „BRAINballs Program Improves the Gross Motor Skills of Primary School Pupils in Vietnam“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (01.02.2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031290.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the BRAINballs program on second graders’ gross motor skills in a primary school in Vietnam. A total of 55 students (23 boys and 32 girls) aged seven years participated in the study. The research used the method of a pedagogical experiment and parallel group technique (experimental and control group) with pre- and post-testing. The study was conducted in the school year 2019/2020. The gross motor skills performance was assessed by the Test of Gross Motor Development—2nd Edition. The BRAINballs program was conducted twice a week and combined physical activity with subject-related contents by means of a set of 100 balls with painted letters, numbers, and signs. The results showed that the experimental and control groups improved their motor skills after one school year (p < 0.001). However, the analysis of covariance demonstrated that students from the experimental group, compared to students from the control group, showed significantly better scores in both subtests: locomotor (p = 0.0000) and object control skills (p = 0.0000). The findings of this study show that the BRAINballs program had a positive effect on children’s motor performances and may help to better understand the development of basic motor skills of seven-year-old students in Vietnam.
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Dizdar, Meltem, Jale Fatma Irdesel, Oguzhan Sıtkı Dizdar und Mine Topsaç. „Effects of Balance-Coordination, Strengthening, and Aerobic Exercises to Prevent Falls in Postmenopausal Patients With Osteoporosis: A 6-Month Randomized Parallel Prospective Study“. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, Nr. 1 (01.01.2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2016-0284.
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Osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the increase of bone fragility and fracture risk. Postmenopausal female osteoporotic patients were randomized into three groups: balance and coordination, strengthening, and aerobic exercise. The exercise programs were performed for 12 weeks, 1 hr each day for 3 days of the week. Patients were followed-up for 12 weeks after the initial intervention. After the exercise program, patients continued their daily life activities and were called back to the clinic for additional testing after 12 weeks. Static and dynamic balance measurements and pain and life quality assessments were performed at enrollment, and at the 12th and 24th weeks. Significant improvements in both the Timed Up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale values at the 12th week were only observed in the balance-coordination group. There were statistically significant improvements in night and daytime pain visual analog scale scores at the 12th and 24th weeks in the strengthening exercise group. No patient experienced falling during the 24th week follow-up. The strengthening exercises were observed to be more effective in pain reduction, and balance and coordination exercises were found to be more effective in improvement of static and dynamic balance.
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Lohstroh, Marten, Christian Menard, Soroush Bateni und Edward A. Lee. „Toward a Lingua Franca for Deterministic Concurrent Systems“. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, Nr. 4 (Juni 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448128.
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Many programming languages and programming frameworks focus on parallel and distributed computing. Several frameworks are based on actors, which provide a more disciplined model for concurrency than threads. The interactions between actors, however, if not constrained, admit nondeterminism. As a consequence, actor programs may exhibit unintended behaviors and are less amenable to rigorous testing. We show that nondeterminism can be handled in a number of ways, surveying dataflow dialects, process networks, synchronous-reactive models, and discrete-event models. These existing approaches, however, tend to require centralized control, pose challenges to modular system design, or introduce a single point of failure. We describe “reactors,” a new coordination model that combines ideas from several of these approaches to enable determinism while preserving much of the style of actors. Reactors promote modularity and allow for distributed execution. By using a logical model of time that can be associated with physical time, reactors also provide control over timing. Reactors also expose parallelism that can be exploited on multicore machines and in distributed configurations without compromising determinacy.
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BELOKI, ZUHAITZ, XABIER ARTOLA und AITOR SOROA. „A scalable architecture for data-intensive natural language processing“. Natural Language Engineering 23, Nr. 5 (09.05.2017): 709–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000092.
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AbstractComputational power needs have greatly increased during the last years, and this is also the case in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) area, where thousands of documents must be processed, i.e., linguistically analyzed, in a reasonable time frame. These computing needs have implied a radical change in the computing architectures and big-scale text processing techniques used in NLP. In this paper, we present a scalable architecture for distributed language processing. The architecture uses Storm to combine diverse NLP modules into a processing chain, which carries out the linguistic analysis of documents. Scalability requires designing solutions that are able to run distributed programs in parallel and across large machine clusters. Using the architecture presented here, it is possible to integrate a set of third-party NLP modules into a unique processing chain which can be deployed onto a distributed environment, i.e., a cluster of machines, so allowing the language-processing modules run in parallel. No restrictions are placed a priori on the NLP modules apart of being able to consume and produce linguistic annotations following a given format. We show the feasibility of our approach by integrating two linguistic processing chains for English and Spanish. Moreover, we provide several scripts that allow building from scratch a whole distributed architecture that can be then easily installed and deployed onto a cluster of machines. The scripts and the NLP modules used in the paper are publicly available and distributed under free licenses. In the paper, we also describe a series of experiments carried out in the context of the NewsReader project with the goal of testing how the system behaves in different scenarios.
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Dosi, Clio, Nicolò Cocchi und Matteo Vignoli. „TEN TRANSFORM EMERGENCY NOW! - FACING COVID 19 WITH OPEN AND FRUGAL INNOVATION“. Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27.07.2021): 2971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.558.
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AbstractAgainst a pandemic, speed is crucial, and open innovation (OI) helps to empower the human capital distributed around the world to tackle the disease and to launch rapid testing of possible solutions. This article aims at showing an OI program - called “TEN” Transform Emergency Now! - ideated and developed by the University of Bologna to identify, design, and implement useful solutions to tackle specific issues coming from pandemics. With an action research-innovation management approach, the University developed two iterations to identify what elements to take into account to define a program that works for this effort. In TEN, Frugal Innovation (FI) principles were injected in a 10 days hackathon to favor the use of locally available resources and raw materials and exclude non-essential features. Results show that Frugality can become an element of OI by (1) pushing the team towards basic functionality and minimal features of the solutions and low-cost implementation. (2) Designing, in parallel with the solution, an ‘implementation network’, with a specific process design and program's organizational perspective. We believe that TEN has the potential to be an OI approach designed for emergencies.
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Kristjanson, Linda J., Jan Atwood und Lesley F. Degner. „Validity and Reliability of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN): Measuring the Care Needs of Families of Advanced Cancer Patients“. Journal of Nursing Measurement 3, Nr. 2 (Januar 1995): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.3.2.109.
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Two studies balanced qualitative and quantitative data to provide evidence of satisfactory validity and reliability of the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN). The FIN is designed to measure the importance of care needs of families of advanced cancer patients (FIN-Importance of Care Needs subscale) and the extent to which families perceive that their care needs have been met (FINFulfillment of Care Needs subscale). The first study involved development of the instrument and testing for clarity, apparent internal consistency (nonquantitative assessment of homogeneity of content), and content validity using a panel of six experts (family members of advanced cancer patients). The FIN met or exceeded the preset criteria specified used in this phase of testing. The second study of the project used 109 family members of advanced cancer patients from three hospice programs to test the FIN for internal consistency and construct validity. Internal consistency of the FIN-Importance of Care Needs subscale as measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .83 without redundancy. Construct analysis was assessed using factor analysis techniques. An inability to extract a substantively meaningful minimum number of factors, together with the fact that a theta reliability coefficient of .85 was obtained (only .02 higher than the alpha coefficient), suggested that the items were parallel supporting the conclusion that the subscale is unidimensional. Support for the construct validity of the FINImportance of Care Needs subscale was also obtained using predictive modeling. The internal structure of the FIN-Fulfillment of Care Needs subscale was assessed using cluster analysis. Results suggested that the subscale is a unidimensional one. Overall, the FIN met the preset reliability and validity criteria providing promising evidence for the instrument’s sound psychometric properties for use in research and clinical settings.
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Teichmann, Joerg, Rachel Tan, Kim Hébert-Losier, Yeo Wee Kian, Shabana Jalal Din, Ananthi Subramaniam, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher und C. Martyn Beaven. „Effectiveness of an Unexpected Disturbance Program in the Early Stage of Rehabilitation in Athletes With Unilateral Knee Ligament Injury“. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0265.
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Context: Sensorimotor, proprioceptive, and neuromuscular programs are critical for the successful rehabilitation of injured athletes, and these decrease reinjury rates. Objective: To investigate the effects of an unexpected disturbance program (UDP) on balance and unilateral strength metrics in athletes with unilateral knee ligament injury. Design: A 3-week parallel-group experimental design consisting of 9 rehabilitation sessions. Setting: National Sports Institute. Participants: Twenty-one national-level athletes (age 21.4 [4.4] y, body mass 63.9 [10.8] kg, height 169.0 [10.2] cm) who had sustained a unilateral knee ligament injury. Intervention: An UDP program designed to evoke rapid sensorimotor responses was compared with traditional training and a nonexercise control group. Main Outcome Measures: Unilateral total, anteroposterior, and mediolateral sway with eyes open and closed and unilateral isometric strength. Results: Traditional exercises tended to outperform the UDP when unilateral balance testing was performed with eyes open; however, balance improvement following UDP tended to be greater in the eyes-closed condition. Significant strength gains in both the injured and uninjured legs were only observed following the UDP. This increase in unilateral isometric strength was 23.4 and 35.1 kg greater than the strength improvements seen in the traditional rehabilitation and control groups (P < .05). Conclusions: UDP could improve neural aspects of rehabilitation to improve rehabilitation outcomes by improving strength, sensorimotor function, and proprioception. Given the complementary adaptations, an UDP could provide an effective adjunct to traditional rehabilitation protocols and improve return-to-play outcomes.
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Wang, Ben, Steve D’Eon und Jian Dong. „Introduction of Canadian tree species to the Northeast of China“. Forestry Chronicle 82, Nr. 2 (01.03.2006): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82219-2.
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This paper describes the early results of the introduction of some Canadian tree species to Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Based on earlier trial results from the 1920s and testing over the last 20 years, some of the introduced conifers show strong adaptation to the new ecological and climatic conditions with normal flowering and fruiting, excellent growth rates, and resistance to local pests. Of the seventeen introduced species tested, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), and pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.), show the most promising results as compared to indigenous pine species (i.e., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr., P. koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., and P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.). These findings have resulted in the implementation of large-scale planting programs of jack pine in the current five-year plan of the provincial forestry authority. In parallel with the seed source trials, seed production areas have been established by selecting promising sources and species for developing local landraces for future seed production. The application of this successful cooperation will not only increase the forest cover of Liaoning from the current 31% to 35%, improving the environment and wood supply, but also serve as a model for the region as well as for other jurisdictions. Key words: species introduction, seed source, ecological adaptability, landrace, seed production areas
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Khan, Muhammad Rashid, Abdul Rehman, Salman Khalid, Mansur Ud Din Ahmad, Muhammad Avais, Mobeen Sarwar, Farhat Nazir Awan, Falk Melzer, Heinrich Neubauer und Tariq Jamil. „Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan“. Animals 11, Nr. 6 (11.06.2021): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061744.
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Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) = 64.16, percent agreement = 89.5%). In conclusion, a relatively higher seroprevalence was found compared to the previous reports from the country. Standardization and validation of the advanced diagnostic tests would be needed. Biosecurity, personal protection, quarantine measures and routine screening of animals at the farm level and disease awareness programs and consumption of pasteurized milk in the human population will be helpful in preventing the transmission/zoonosis of the disease.