Thematische Bibliographien / Paleontology – philosophy

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Paleontology – philosophy“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Paleontology – philosophy"

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Rainger, Ronald. „Paleontology and philosophy: A critique“. Journal of the History of Biology 18, Nr. 2 (1985): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00120112.

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Linsky, Bernard. „G. W. Fitch's paleontology“. Philosophical Studies 73, Nr. 2-3 (März 1994): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01207666.

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West, Robert. „Vertebrate Paleontology of the Green River Basin, Wyoming, 1840-1910“. Earth Sciences History 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.1.83871301283k8757.

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Paleontological exploration in the Green River Basin in the first half of the nineteenth century demonstrated the presence of vertebrate fossils there. Studies of potential wagon and railroad routes revealed additional information about the occurrence and distribution of fossiliferous rocks during the 1850s. Post Civil War government geologic and geographic surveys yielded large numbers of fossil mammals and created the setting for competition and controversy among Leidy, Cope and Marsh. Numerous publications resulted, as well as Leidy's departure from paleontology. Residents of Fort Bridger worked with all the Eastern scientists to provide information about fossil localities; many specimens also were sent east. Four Princeton expeditions in the 1870s and 1880s preceded the systematic work of the American Museum of Natural History in 1893 and 1903-1906. By 1909 the geological and vertebrate paleontologic framework of the basin was firmly established.
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Sepkoski, David. „Paleontology at the “high table”? Popularization and disciplinary status in recent paleontology“. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 45 (März 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.11.006.

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5

Copeland, M. „Elkanah Billings (1820-1876) and Joseph F. Whiteaves (1835-1909): The First Two Paleontologists of The Geological Survey of Canada“. Earth Sciences History 12, Nr. 2 (01.01.1993): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.2.c4311u418x01u11p.

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Billings and Whiteaves, both self taught paleontologists, occupied the same position (at different times) within the Geological Survey of Canada but were at different ends of the paleontological spectrum. Together their paleontological careers span the last half of the 19th century. Both were prolific writers, but Billings was not primarily a field man and worked only on the lower Paleozoic fossils of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland and southern Ontario. Whiteaves was a field man par excellence, working from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Pacific coast and specializing in Mesozoic paleontology. Together, they complemented each other's studies and contributed greatly to the initiation, expansion and continuance of the science of paleontology within the Survey and Canada as a whole. They should be considered together as the "Fathers of Canadian Paleontology."
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SARIGÜL, VOLKAN. „A SHORT HISTORY OF PALEONTOLOGY IN TURKEY, PART II: PALEONTOLOGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY“. Earth Sciences History 40, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 202–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.202.

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ABSTRACT Succeeding a period of wars and political turmoil, the reassuring policies of the new regime of Turkey positively influenced all branches of science, including geology which provided a basis for the earliest studies in paleontology, as it had done in the former Ottoman Turkey. Although most of the specialists were still foreigners during the early years of the republic, the government of Turkey under the leadership of Atatürk, rapidly established modern institutions in order to train native earth scientists and engineers of all sorts. Turkish paleontologists began to replace their foreign colleagues by the 1940s; and female Turkish paleontologists became especially prominent not only in the universities but also in the national geological surveys and mapping, and in fossil fuel exploration. Subsequent to their separation from departments of natural sciences, teaching fundamentals of paleontology was taken on by geology departments which, by the 1960s, started to evolve into departments of geological engineering. As a result, most Turkish paleontologists are geologists and most of them specialized either in micropaleontology or paleobotany. In contrast, paleontology of late Cenozoic mammals is dominated by graduates of anthropology programs.
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Rainger, Ronald. „Collectors and Entrepreneurs: Hatcher, Wortman, and the Structure of American Vertebrate Paleontology Circa 1900“. Earth Sciences History 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.1990): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.1.l1n05k0783584203.

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John Bell Hatcher (1861-1904) and Jacob L. Wortman (1856-1926) were two of the most prominent figures in late nineteenth-century American vertebrate paleontology. Working at leading centers for the science, including Yale's Peabody Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, each was responsible for significant discoveries of fossil vertebrates and notable contributions to taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Yet both had itinerant and, by their own admissions, highly frustrating careers. Traditionally their problems have been explained in terms of personality, as a result of their sensitive, volatile temperaments. Yet their careers and difficulties also reflect the structure of American vertebrate paleontology at the time, a discipline centered in museums and under the direction of wealthy, powerful entrepreneurs. Men such as Othniel Charles Marsh and Henry Fairfield Osborn financed and helped to promote work in vertebrate paleontology, but the context within which such work was conducted also limited opportunities for Hatcher, Wortman, and others.
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Brochu, Christopher A., und Colin D. Sumrall. „Phylogenetics and the Integration of Paleontology Within the Life Sciences“. Paleontological Society Papers 14 (Oktober 2008): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001686.

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Paleontologists rely on information from modern organisms to understand fossils, but fossils can in turn be used to more completely understand the living. This is facilitated when the fossil record is understood from a phylogenetic context. Phylogenetic analyses allow the identification of robust calibration points for molecular dating analyses, and in the absence of phylogeny, “conflicts” between fossils and molecules may arise that are based not on the data, but on methodology or taxonomic philosophy. More importantly, phylogenetic analyses using fossils can overturn evolutionary scenarios based solely on living taxa, and they can direct researchers in more appropriate directions. This is necessary if paleontology is to be fully integrated with both the Earth and life sciences.
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Berry, William. „Robert M. Kleinpell: Founder of the Berkeley School of Stratigraphic Paleontology“. Earth Sciences History 27, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.27.1.f4277q6775053834.

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Robert M. Kleinpell (1905-1986) has been called the founder of a ‘Berkeley School of West Coast Cenozoic Stratigraphic Paleontology’. Through his personal experiences in carrying out oil exploration in California's Cenozoic stratigraphic successions, his extensive inquiry into the fundamentals of stratigraphic paleontology, and his teaching activity while held in a Japanese prison camp during World War II, Kleinpell developed the basic ingredients for his school of stratigraphic paleontology. His school attracted numbers of students interested in obtaining employment in the oil industry when Kleinpell joined the Department of Paleontology at University of California, Berkeley, in 1953. Kleinpell told his students that the first step toward a basic understanding of stratigraphic geology came from field mapping and recording of all relevant data. The data included collecting fossils from precisely-positioned stratigraphic levels. The fossil occurrence information was then plotted carefully to ascertain associations of taxa that appeared to be unique. The associations that appeared to be unique in time, based on their stratigraphic positions (Kleinpell came to term these ‘congregations’), were used to recognize zones and stages. Kleinpell was firm in his conviction that the zones and stages that he and his students recognized in American West Coast Cenozoic strata were closely similar in principle to the zones and Zonengruppe of Albert Oppel who had worked with ammonite faunas in the European Jurassic. Kleinpell did not publish a diagram or definition of the zones that he espoused because, he said, Oppel had already defined that type of zone. Hollis Hedberg, Kleinpell's former fellow-student in graduate study at Stanford, did include a discussion of the ‘zone’ of Oppel and Kleinpell in the 1976 International Stratigraphic Guide. Subsequent international and American stratigraphic guides and codes have omitted Hedberg's discussion and illustration of the Oppel zone. The West Coast Cenozoic zones and stages, recognized using the methodology established by Oppel, are a primary characteristic of the Berkeley School of Stratigraphic Paleontology.
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Lindsay, Debra. „Prototaxites Dawson, 1859 or Nematophycus Carruthers, 1872: Geologists V. Botanists in the Formative Period of the Science of Paleobotany“. Earth Sciences History 24, Nr. 1 (01.01.2005): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.24.1.w17736157821482p.

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A fossil plant found in the Devonian rocks of the Gaspé Peninsula of Canada provoked a heated debate in the late 19th century. When geologist John William Dawson identified it as an early land plant resembling a conifer (1859), he was challenged by botanist William Carruthers who argued it was a giant alga (1872). Until recently most scientists have tended to agree with Carruthers, but recent analysis suggest that neither Carruthers nor Dawson were fully correct. This paper focuses on the historical origins of the Prototaxites-Nematophycus debate, specifically on the role the debate played in the process of establishing methods within a new sub-field of paleontology. In large measure, Dawson and Carruthers disagreed over the identity and classification of this specimen because of their scientific training and areas of specialization. Carruthers and other botanists argued that the geologists who tended to dominate paleontology knew little about plant morphology and even less about the crucial identifying characteristics of the organs of fruitification. Alternatively, geologists, such as Dawson, had provided concepts and methods (eg. stratigraphy, mineralogy, geological time-scale) to paleontology, and they were not about to relinquish authority earned in previous decades.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Paleontology – philosophy"

1

Ladaria, Elene. „Travail, langue, pensée : aspects de l'épistémologie soviétique des années 30 dans l'oeuvre de Konstantine Megrelidze“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20073.

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Cette thèse porte sur la version soviétique de la sociologie du savoir telle qu’elle a été développée par le penseur géorgien-soviétique Konstantiné Megrelidzé dans son livre rédigé dans les années 30 et intitulé Problèmes fondamentaux de la sociologie de la pensée. Premièrement, nous proposons une esquisse biographique de cet auteur qui ne jouit pas de notoriété, ainsi qu’un résumé de l’histoire de son livre qui a été censuré à plusieurs reprises et doit être envisagé comme un palimpseste comportant des traces de la conjoncture changeante au cours de l’histoire intellectuelle soviétique. Deuxièmement, nous proposons quelques réflexions sur le mode de fonctionnement de la censure soviétique et formulons quelques présupposés que doivent être pris en compte par toute lecture des textes soviétiques. Ensuite, ce travail propose un commentaire extensif de l’ouvrage de Megrelidzé en vue de reconstituer sa structure et de saisir l’essence du projet théorique proposé qui, par son caractère thématiquement et théoriquement hétérogène, pose des problèmes de compréhension.Enfin, la thèse se conclut par une analyse générale en trois temps. D’abord, une tentative est faite pour tracer une cartographie des sources théoriques dont le projet philosophique et sociologique de Megrelidzé est tributaire, à savoir la phénoménologie, le marxisme, le Gestaltpsychologie, la théorie du système et la linguistique marriste. Puis cette « science historique de la pensée » est envisagée dans sa parenté avec les interrogations qui occupaient d’autres théoriciens soviétiques contemporains de Megrelidzé. Et enfin, deux interprétations possibles de ce projet théorique sont avancées : 1) une philosophie de l’histoire qui permet de situer historiquement l’effort théorique de Megrelidzé lui-même ; 2) ce qui pourrait être appelé la paléontologie de la pensée, donnant un cadre méthodologique qui permet une reconstruction des modes de pensée propres à des sociétés diverses
This thesis examines a Soviet version of the sociology of knowledge as it was elaborated by the Georgian and Soviet thinker Konstantine Megrelidze in his work Fundamental problems of the sociology of the thought written in the 1930s.Firstly, the thesis offers a sketch of the not particularly well-known authors’ biography, as well as the peculiar and instructive history of his work, subjected to censorship a number of times and seen here as a palimpsest - the layers of which reveal the changing currents of Soviet intellectual history.Secondly, it draws some wider conclusions about the way that Soviet censorship functioned in general, furnishing some hermeneutical guidelines necessary for the interpretation of the work.Finally, the thesis engages in a detailed three-step analysis of the work. In the first step, an attempt is made to delimit the intellectual sources of Megrelidze’s project, namely, phenomenology, Marxism, Gestaltpsychologie, Marrist linguistics. The second step considers the “historical science of thinking” in terms of its relationship with the dominant theoretical debates in Soviet intellectual culture at the time. Finally, two possible readings of Megrelidze’s theoretical project are discussed, (1) as a social ontology – which takes seriously Megrelidze's commitment to a certain philosophy of history and emphasises the ways in which his own project could be regarded as structurally important within this context; and (2) as a paleontology of thinking - which provides a methodological framework allowing a reconstructing of the modes of thinking characteristic to different historical and contemporary societies
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Ponto, Jessica J. „Speech is a Mouth, Text is a Body“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218076653.

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Bücher zum Thema "Paleontology – philosophy"

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M, Flanagan Kathryn, Lillegraven Jason A. 1938- und Simpson George Gaylord 1902-, Hrsg. Vertebrates, phylogeny, and philosophy. Laramie, Wyo., U.S.A: Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, 1986.

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McBirney, Alexander. The Philosophy of Zoology Before Darwin. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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3

Tassy, Pascal. L' arbre à remonter le temps: Les rencontres de la systématique et de l'évolution. [Paris]: C. Bourgois, 1991.

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Boberg, Dorothy. Evolution and reason: Beyond Darwin. North Hollywood, CA: Clarion Pacific Publishers, 1993.

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Hickey, David R. Great mysteries; Sweet medicine: Essays of earth, life, and Native American spirituality. Lansing, MI: Graptolithics Publishing, 1993.

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Leoni, Simona Boscani. Wissenschaft, Berge, Ideologien: Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733) und die frühneuzeitliche Naturforschung = Scienza, montagna, ideologie : Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733) e la ricerca naturalistica in epoca moderna. Basel: Schwabe, 2010.

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Riper, A. Bowdoin Van. Men among the mammoths: Victorian science and the discovery of human prehistory. London: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

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Meĭen, Sergeĭ Viktorovich. Print︠s︡ip sochuvstvii︠a︡: Razmyshlenii︠a︡ ob ėtike i nauchnom poznanii. Moskva: GEOS, 2006.

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Gould, Stephen Jay. Wonderful life: The Burgess Shale and the nature of history. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989.

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Gould, Stephen Jay. Wonderful life: The Burgess Shale and the nature of history. London: Hutchinson Radius, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Paleontology – philosophy"

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Cohen, Claudine. „Paleontology, Early Modern“. In Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20791-9_178-1.

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Cohen, Claudine. „Paleontology, Early Modern“. In Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, 1591–602. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31069-5_178.

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Huss, John. „Paleontology: Outrunning Time“. In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 211–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53725-2_10.

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Lieberman, Bruce S., und Julien Kimmig. „Museums, paleontology, and a biodiversity science–based approach“. In Museums at the Forefront of the History and Philosophy of Geology: History Made, History in the Making. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2018.2535(22).

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Leviton, Alan E., und Michele L. Aldrich. „Geology and paleontology at the California Academy of Sciences, 1895–2016: A brief overview“. In Museums at the Forefront of the History and Philosophy of Geology: History Made, History in the Making. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2018.2535(13).

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Allmon, Warren D. „The Structure Of Gould Happenstance, Humanism, History, and the Unity of His View of Life“. In Stephen Jay Gould, 3–68. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195373202.003.0001.

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Abstract Once, in responding to critics who had attempted to link his views on another topic to punctuated equilibrium, Steve Gould wrote, “I do have other interests, after all” (1982f, 88; see also 2002c, 1005). This was of course very true. Steve read, thought, traveled, talked, and wrote across a wide expanse of time, space, and subjects. He sang Bach and Gilbert and Sullivan; loved architecture, baseball, and numerical coincidences; collected beautiful old books; met with the pope about nuclear war; corresponded with Jimmy Carter about God; once appeared on a TV talk show as an expert on conjoined twins; and published technical papers on allometry, snails, Irish Elks, eurypterids, pelycosaurian reptiles, clams, receptaculitids, the history of paleontology, and human cranial capacity. Despite this breadth, however, one of the central facts of his professional life was that essentially all of his interests were, proximately or ultimately, interconnected in a unusually coherent and explicitly stated intellectual view, not only of the history of Earth and its life but also of the philosophy of science and the nature of human thought.
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Hankla, John, Samantha Sands, Megan Sims und Jeremy Wyman. „Live science in the Valley of the Last Dinosaurs: A public window into the world of paleontology“. In Museums at the Forefront of the History and Philosophy of Geology: History Made, History in the Making. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2018.2535(19).

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ćirković, Milan M. „Observation selection effects and global catastrophic risks“. In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0010.

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Different types of global catastrophic risks (GCRs) are studied in various chapters of this book by direct analysis. In doing so, researchers benefit from a detailed understanding of the interplay of the underlying causal factors. However, the causal network is often excessively complex and difficult or impossible to disentangle. Here, we would like to consider limitations and theoretical constraints on the risk assessments which are provided by the general properties of the world in which we live, as well as its contingent history. There are only a few of these constraints, but they are important because they do not rely on making a lot of guesses about the details of future technological and social developments. The most important of these are observation selection effects. Physicists, astronomers, and biologists have been familiar with the observational selection effect for a long time, some aspects of them (e.g., Malmquist bias in astronomy or Signor-Lipps effect in paleontology) being the subject of detailed mathematical modelling. In particular, cosmology is fundamentally incomplete without taking into account the necessary ‘anthropic bias’: the conditions we observe in fundamental physics, as well as in the universe at large, seem atypical when judged against what one would expect as ‘natural’ according to our best theories, and require an explanation compatible with our existence as intelligent observers at this particular epoch in the history of the universe. In contrast, the observation selection effects are still often overlooked in philosophy and epistemology, and practically completely ignored in risk analysis, since they usually do not apply to conventional categories of risk (such as those used in insurance modelling). Recently, Bostrom (2002a) laid foundations for a detailed theory of observation selection effects, which has applications for both philosophy and several scientific areas including cosmology, evolution theory, thermodynamics, traffic analysis, game theory problems involving imperfect recall, astrobiology, and quantum physics. The theory of observation selection effects can tell us what we should expect to observe, given some hypothesis about the distribution of observers in the world. By comparing such predictions to our actual observations, we get probabilistic evidence for or against various hypotheses.
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Liggett, Gregory A., S. Terry Childs, Nicholas A. Famoso, H. Gregory McDonald, Alan L. Titus, Elizabeth Varner und Cameron L. Liggett. „From public lands to museums: The foundation of U.S. paleontology, the early history of federal public lands and museums, and the developing role of the U.S. Department of the Interior“. In Museums at the Forefront of the History and Philosophy of Geology: History Made, History in the Making. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2018.2535(21).

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Worster, Donald. „The Ecology of Order and Chaos“. In Wealth of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0016.

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The science of ecology has had a popular impact unlike that of any other academic field of research. Consider the extraordinary ubiquity of the word itself: it has appeared in the most everyday places and the most astonishing, on day-glo T-shirts, in corporate advertising, and on bridge abutments. It has changed the language of politics and philosophy— springing up in a number of countries are political groups that are self-identified as “Ecology Parties.” Yet who ever proposed forming a political party named after comparative linguistics or advanced paleontology? On several continents we have a philosophical movement termed “Deep Ecology,” but nowhere has anyone announced a movement for “Deep Entomology” or “Deep Polish Literature.” Why has this funny little word, ecology, coined by an obscure nineteenth-century German scientist, acquired so powerful a cultural resonance, so widespread a following? Behind the persistent enthusiasm for ecology, I believe, lies the hope that this science can offer a great deal more than a pile of data. It is supposed to offer a pathway to a kind of moral enlightenment that we can call, for the purposes of simplicity, “conservation.” The expectation did not originate with the public but first appeared among eminent scientists within the field. For instance, in his 1935 book Deserts on the March, the noted University of Oklahoma, and later Yale, botanist Paul Sears urged Americans to take ecology seriously, promoting it in their universities and making it part of their governing process. “In Great Britain,” he pointed out, . . . the ecologists are being consulted at every step in planning the proper utilization of those parts of the Empire not yet settled, thus . . . ending the era of haphazard exploitation. There are hopeful, but all too few signs that our own national government realizes the part which ecology must play in a permanent program. Sears recommended that the United States hire a few thousand ecologists at the county level to advise citizens on questions of land use and thereby bring an end to environmental degradation; such a brigade, he thought, would put the whole nation on a biologically and economically sustainable basis.
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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Paleontology – philosophy"

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Allmon, Warren, Gregory P. Dietl, Gregory P. Dietl, Robert M. Ross und Robert M. Ross. „MUSEUM COLLECTIONS AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF PALEONTOLOGY“. In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284743.

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