Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Palatino (Paris, France : Building)“
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1
Faivre d'Arcier, Louis. „Managing Building Permits Files at the Archives de Paris, France“. Journal of Archival Organization 3, Nr. 2-3 (10.01.2006): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j201v03n02_09.
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Kovács, Péter. „Immunities and Criminal Proceedings (Equatorial Guinea v. France) (I.C.J.)“. International Legal Materials 60, Nr. 4 (11.03.2021): 541–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2021.7.
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On December 11, 2020, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) delivered by majority its judgment on the merits of the litigation between Equatorial Guinea and France concerning the legal status of a building at 42 Avenue Foch, situated in Paris, in the very elegant 16th district, close to the Arc de Triomphe (Place de l'Étoile/Place Charles de Gaulle).
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Bélaval, Philippe. „Retour à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France“. Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, Nr. 1 (April 1997): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900103.
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The decision in July 1988 to build a new library in Paris has been the starting point of a deep change in every field of activity for the French national library, which combines the old Bibliothèque nationale in the Rue de Richelieu with the Bibliothèque de France in Tolbiac in what is now known as the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The collections will be divided between two sites: the Rue de Richelieu building will retain the special collections, in improved storage conditions and with better access; while the printed and audiovisual collections are being transferred to the new building at Tolbiac between the end of 1996 and the end of 1998. 370,000 books will be acquired specially to fill gaps in previously neglected areas such as law, economics and science. A new OPAC, due for completion in 1998, will provide access to merged files of the BnF, including 4.5 million converted records from the old hand-written catalogue. Next to the research reading rooms, which are for registered users only, will be ten reading rooms open to the general public for a fee, which will have 380,000 books on open access. The OPAC will be accessible remotely, as will the seat and book reservation system. A new preservation centre has been built in Marne-la-Vallée, 20 km east of Paris; there is a special emphasis on deacidification. There are two digitization programmes, for 100,000 texts and 300,000 pictures; negotiation is taking place with copyright holders. Experimental access to several bibliographic databases and digitized collections is already proving successful. The new reference library in the new building opened in December 1996 and the research library will open in 1998.
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Camara, Evelyne, und Jean Villon. „Centre des Archives d'outre-mer à Aix-en-Provence (CAOM): Historique des archives de madagascar“. African Research & Documentation 101 (2006): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00017945.
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The National Archives of France opened its first building at Aix in 1966; at that time the Archives d’Outre-Mer (AOM) located there co-existed alongside the Section Outre-Mer of the National Archives (SOM) housed at the Rue Oudinot address in Paris. Following the abolition of the ‘Ministry of France Overseas’, it was decided in 1962 to bring together all the archives of the former French colonies, except for those of French West Africa which were all retained in Dakar. The archives transferred to Paris were only those of French government; those of administration, i.e. public works, health, education, local government, all stayed in their respective countries.Initially at Aix 900 tonnes of archives arrived in the first ten months. In 1986 the SOM in Paris was closed and 17 linear km of documents, far from completely processed, were transferred to Aix.
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Yon, Guillaume. „Building a National Machine“. History of Political Economy 52, S1 (01.12.2020): 245–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8718035.
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The article studies the development of the long-term marginal cost pricing of electricity in France, in the 1950s and 1960s. The engineers who managed the public monopoly for the production, transport, and distribution of electricity promoted a distinctive version of the economics and engineering nexus. Costs calculations were developed to design a nationwide integrated machine. Hydropower in the south was to be interconnected with thermal power in the north, in order to support a massive increase in consumption in the Paris basin, saving on coal and on the scarce funding of the Marshall Plan. Prices acted as administrative instructions, passing on costs to subscribers and shaping their present and future behavior according to the planned development of the system. This was a technocratic intervention: the engineer-economists made crucial and lasting decisions on land-use planning for the sake of the rapid growth of the system. This engineering and economics nexus was a far cry from the prewar liberal order made of multiple small and loosely regulated competitors, and from contemporary forms of economic engineering, more narrowly focused on the informational properties of prices, abandoning the calculated nationwide decisions on the growth of processes of production and uses. It is also slightly neglected in the discussion over the so-called indicative planning in postwar France.
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Buller, Robin Margaret. „“Morts pour la France”: Commemoration and Community Building among Ottoman Sephardim in Interwar Paris“. Jewish Social Studies 27, Nr. 2 (Juni 2022): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.27.2.03.
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Li (李志鹏), Zhipeng. „Chinese Ethnic Media in France“. Journal of Chinese Overseas 16, Nr. 2 (11.11.2020): 242–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341425.
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Abstract This article seeks to analyze recent developments in overseas media in the Chinese language in France. To do so it underlines the links between these media, created for and by Chinese migrants, and the trajectory of an entrepreneurial diaspora within the host country. The vast bulk of data is drawn from a qualitative study of several media organizations of the Chinese diaspora in France. In particular, a comparative study of two media, Ouzhou shibao and Huarenjie, has enabled an examination of a twofold interrelated phenomenon. On the one hand, the changes in commercial strategy to respond to the evolution of the Chinese diaspora in France, and, on the other, the relations between the Paris-based Chinese ethnic media and the authorities of the country of origin. It is argued that these media contribute to building social and political capital for the Chinese diasporic entrepreneurs in France.
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Gaudelus, Sébastien, Martine Poulain und Lucile Trunel. „The renovation of the Richelieu building: a future centre for art researchers in Paris“. Art Libraries Journal 36, Nr. 1 (2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200016734.
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The historic site of the French national library is currently being renovated in order to become a major centre for art documentation and special collections. It will incorporate three separate institutions: the specialist departments of the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the library of the Institut national d’histoire de l’art, and the library of the Ecole nationale des Chartes. Completion of the project is scheduled for 2017.
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Kocaman, Ezgi, Merve Kuru und Gülben Çalış. „Analyzing and modeling thermal complaints in a commercial building in France“. Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 13, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 2416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2020-0017.
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Abstract Buildings are interactive environments in which their operations and occupants are linked. Although buildings are operated according to the standards, occupant complaints may arise when there is a mismatch between indoor environmental conditions and actual user needs. Therefore, the accuracy of thermal comfort prediction models suggested by the standards and alternative prediction models need to be investigated. This study aims at assessing the performance of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model suggested by the ISO 7730 Standard to detect occupant thermal dissatisfaction. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression model was developed to predict thermal complaints with respect to “too warm” and “too cold.” This case study was conducted in a commercial building located in Paris, France, between January 2017 and May 2018. Indoor environmental conditions were monitored via sensors and an online tool was used to collect occupant thermal complaints. A total of 53 thermal complaints were analyzed. The results showed that all the operative temperature measurements in both the heating and cooling seasons were within the thresholds suggested by the standards. The PMV method suggested that only 4% of the occupants were dissatisfied with the indoor environment whereas the actual dissatisfaction ratio was 100% under these indoor environmental conditions. In addition, the multivariate logistic regression model showed that operative temperature and season have a significant effect on thermal complaints. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed model was 90.6%.
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Garbuzarova, Elena Gennad'evna. „The Central Asian Direction of French Foreign Policy (1992-2022)“. Contemporary Europe, Nr. 2 (15.04.2023): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0201708323020043.
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From the moment of the collapse of the USSR to the present days France showed interest in building relations with the countries of Central Asia in a wide range of areas of interaction. France was one of the first European states to recognize the independence of the new republics. The article is aimed to expand knowledge about French policy in Central Asia and the factors that determine the interest of Paris in the Eurasian region. In the context of the transformation of the world order and global geopolitical tensions France's capabilities are narrowing which encourages Paris to pursue a proactive foreign policy on the Central Asian track. At the same time the place of France's ideological and value rhetoric in its foreign policy in the Central Asian countries is gradually occupied by economic reasonability. France's interests in the region are focused on energy resources and Afghan issues. France's efforts are aimed at reducing the dependence of Central Asian countries on Russia and China. It is concluded that France is strengthening the economic dimension of its foreign policy in Central Asia with an emphasis on expanding cooperation with the two leading countries of the region - Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.
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Turmel, A., G. Fronteau, L. Chalumeau, J. P. Deroin, S. Eyssautier-Chuine, C. Thomachot-Schneider, T. De Kock, V. Cnudde und V. Barbin. „GIS-based variability of building materials towards the Île-de-France cuesta (Paris Basin, France): inventory, distribution, uses and relationship with the environment“. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 416, Nr. 1 (25.03.2015): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp416.16.
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Weber, Florian, und Olaf Kühne. „Hybrid suburbia: New research perspectives in France and Southern California“. Quaestiones Geographicae 36, Nr. 4 (01.12.2017): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0033.
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Abstract Geographical research on French and US suburbia has concentrated in recent decades on urban sprawl and concomitant processes of devaluation and exclusion. In the case of the French banlieues, with their much-publicised urban riots, this particular analytic focus has become overwhelming, with resultant loss to other developments and perspectives. However, certain districts in the first (or inner) ring of both French and US suburbia are currently showing distinct urbanisation tendencies in planning and architecture, evident in the new usage of brownfield sites and the ongoing demolition, replacement, and rededication of the older building core. Such processes induce population changes, e.g. the displacement of lower in favour of higher income groups. Overall, they result in an architectonic, social and cultural heterogeneity that escapes the specificity of received categories and merits the term hybridisation. The article describes and compares these processes as exemplified in Greater Paris and San Diego (Southern California).
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Papalas, Marylaura. „Fashion in interwar France: The urban vision of Elsa Schiaparelli“. French Cultural Studies 28, Nr. 2 (17.04.2017): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155817693512.
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Elsa Schiaparelli’s avant-garde designs and her collaborative efforts with surrealist artists are the subject of most analyses of her work, which focus on themes of glamour, gender and the construction of a modern feminine beauty. Yet a number of lesser-known creations from the 1920s and 1930s, equally experimental in nature, reveal other progressive themes in the Italian-born designer’s oeuvre. References to the city in a number of her pieces, for example, provide a commentary on the important relationship between fashion, women and their urban environments. This article examines designs like the skyscraper silhouette, plastic accessories and new synthetic fabrics, echoing contemporary building materials, alongside the changing landscape of interwar Paris. Comparing the imagined city suggested in Schiaparelli’s sartorial creations with the real metropolis where these garments were worn, this study reveals fashion’s potential to express women’s desires for an improved urban reality.
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Epp, Roger. „Mastering the Mysteries of Diplomacy: Karl Marx as International Theorist“. Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes 12, Nr. 1 (29.05.2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18740/s4vp8j.
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The field of international relations is one of few corners of the social sciences in which it has been relatively easy to avoid an encounter with Karl Marx and Marxist thought. Arguably, the reverse has also been true. Whatever the reasons for that mutual ambivalence, this essay claims Marx as a serious theorist of the international, not just a pamphleteer or tactician. It does so primarily by rereading his response to the suppression of the Paris Commune, The Civil War in France. Marx’s essay, lively and provocative, challenges the distinction between ‘domestic politics’ and ‘international relations,’ and suggests that the ontological building blocks of international theory – the state and war – are revealed as historically unstable by ‘the most tremendous war of modern times.’ While Marx later reconsidered some of his analysis, The Civil War in France retains its interrogatory power especially in relation to contemporary instances of international political violence.
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Qiu, Jane. „The role of geography in sustainable development“. National Science Review 4, Nr. 1 (03.12.2016): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww082.
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Abstract China has achieved unprecedented economic growth in the past decades. This has had serious consequences on the environment and public health. The Chinese government now realizes that it is not just the quantity, but the quality of development that matters. It has begun to instigate a series of policies to tackle pollution, increase the proportion of clean energy, and redress the balance between urban and rural development—in a coordinated effort to build a harmonious society. Building a harmonious world was also the theme of the 33rd International Geographical Congress, which was held in Beijing last August. At the meeting, Bojie Fu, a member of National Science Review’s editorial board, shared a platform with geographers from Australia, China, Canada and France to discuss the challenges of urbanization, the roles of geographers in sustainable development, as well as the importance of food security, safety and diversity. Dadao Lu Economic geographer at the Institute of Geography and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Jean-Robert Pitte Historical and cultural geographer at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in Paris, France Mark Rosenberg Health geographer at Queen's University in Ontario, Canada Mark Stafford Smith Ecologist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Canberra, Australia Bojie Fu (Chair) Physical geographer at the Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; President of Geographical Society of China
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Andries, Annelies. „Uniting the Arts to Stage the Nation: Le Sueur's Ossian (1804) in Napoleonic Paris“. Cambridge Opera Journal 31, Nr. 2-3 (Juli 2019): 153–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095458672000004x.
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AbstractThis article argues that the early nineteenth century was a critical period in the development of operatic aesthetics in France: fuelled by post-Revolutionary notions about theatre's importance in processes of nation-building, the Opéra sought to strengthen its reputation as the ‘Académie that unites all the arts’. The intertwinement of this aesthetic and political aim is conspicuous in the production of Jean-François Le Sueur's Ossian ou les bardes (1804), loosely based on James Macpherson's Ossianic ‘translations’. The work's meticulous coordination of the arts sought to bring third-century bardic society back to life and make audiences feel part of this long-forgotten, supposedly ‘historical’ and French, past. Thus, this article points to the Opéra's intensifying interaction with nationalism and genealogical historiography around 1800 as it sought to define its role as a national theatre. It also challenges the common scholarly notion that the Opéra's productions served primarily to aggrandise Napoleon.
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Trad, Antoine. „Enterprise Transformation Projects“. ARIS2 - Advanced Research on Information Systems Security 3, Nr. 1 (30.08.2023): 4–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56394/aris2.v3i1.31.
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This article presents the ETP-HSC and a corresponding enterprise transformation framework, where the focus is on the application of Enterprise Architecture (EA) to support Security (EA4S) and it is the central topic. The EA4S is a Polymathic-holistic approach, which adopts a clear EA as the main ETP constraint for the implementation of a secured Information and Communications System’s (ICS). EA and all other ICS related architecture disciplines, are inspired from the term Architecture that comes from civil engineering, and in this domain, secured building objects are achieved by implementing robust building and urbanistic architectures, like the famous case of Hausmann’s Architecture and Urbanistic plan for the (re)Architecture of Paris in France, in which its primary objective was to assert Paris’ security. Therefore, the author considers that EAS’ first step is to build an enterprise security concept. But for enterprises that have been archaically built and do not have the needed resources to implement a Haussmannian security concept, therefore an iterative ETP-HSC implementation process can transform the enterprise’s security. ETP-HSC’s feasibility and integrity can be supported by an integrated Applied Holistic Mathematical Model (AHMM) for EAS (AHMM4EAS), and the author’s various research works on the applications of holistic security concepts, ETPs, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Cloud Services (CS), and AHMM. The ETP-SRC is based on a multi-disciplinary proprietary-mixed research method.
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Dott, R. „The American Countercurrent - Eastward Flow of Geologists and Their Ideas in the Late Nineteenth Century“. Earth Sciences History 9, Nr. 2 (01.01.1990): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.9.2.0k746746w5146l57.
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Whereas the trans-Atlantic flow of geological knowledge previously had been overwhelmingly westward, by the mid-nineteenth century, an eastward countercurrent had begun. That flow increased rapidly after the Civil War, when geology was at the forefront in the maturation of science in America. H.D. Rogers was appointed Regius Professor at the University of Glasgow in 1855. James Hall was chosen to be Organizing President of the first International Geological Congress in Paris (1878) and the first English-speaking foreign correspondent of the Academy of Sciences of France (1884). James D. Dane was almost as well known abroad as Hall, especially for his mountain-building theory. Increasingly, American theoretical contributions had to be reckoned with in such fields as Mountain Building, Structural and Precambrian Geology, Geomorphology and Glacial Geology, and Paleontology. By the first decade of the twentieth century, America had seized the initiative on several fronts, but especially in experimental petrology and physics of the earth's interior through the creation of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
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Macouin, Francis. „De l’Indochine a l’Afghanistan: des arts etrangers dans les bibliotheques Parisiennes“. Art Libraries Journal 18, Nr. 2 (1993): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200008312.
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French interest in India and neighbouring regions dates back to the 17th century. Oriental studies developed as a distinct discipline through the 19th century, stimulated in France by French colonial activities in Indochina, and culminating at the end of the century in the emergence of Oriental art and archaeology as a subject in its own right. The Commission Archéologique de l’Indochine was established in 1898, and became the Ecole Francaise d’Extrême-Orient (EFEO) in 1901 with responsibility for listing and protecting antiquities in the French colonies; its library in Paris constitutes a major resource. France’s relationship with Afghanistan facilitated French archaeological activities in that country until 1975; archaeological finds enabled the Musée Guimet to extend its scope and to become a museum of Asiatic art, and its library became and remains the major library in Paris so far as Asian art is concerned. The library of the Ecole du Louvre supports courses on Asian art, while the Bibliothèque Nationale and such libraries as the Bibliothèque Forney also contain valuable collections. Photographic collections in some of these institutions have not been so well looked after as books, and their condition is a matter of concern. Unpublished archival materials are also held in some of the same institutions. The resources of a number of smaller, specialised institutes are currently being brought together in a new building under the name ‘Institute d’Asie du Collège de France’, while some other collections are being linked with the library of the EFEO to create a ‘Bibliothèque d’Asie’. Meanwhile it remains to be seen whether the new Bibliothèque Nationale des Arts will include the arts of Asia within its scope. No library in France has responsibility for modern Indian art. (An English translation follows the text in French).
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Battistella, Dario. „International Educational Programs as an Instrument of Soft Power and Building Dialogue between States. Interview with Dario Battistella, Director for Research of Sciences Po Bordeaux (France)“. RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, Nr. 2 (15.12.2020): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-2-305-311.
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Dario Battistella is a classic of French and European political science and the theory of international relations, the author of fundamental «Theory of International Relations», which has been reprinted six times since its first publication in 1981. D. Battistella is also the author of «Return from the State of War» (2006), «One-Dimensional Peace» (2011), «War and Peace in the 21st Century» (2011). Professor Battistella has worked in the leading universities: Science Po Paris, Graduate School of Social Sciences in Paris (EHESS), University of Sherbrooke (Quebec), University of Colorado (USA), University of Laval (Quebec). Since 2017, Dario Battistella is the Director of Research at the Institute for Political Studies in Bordeaux, he teaches political science and theory of international relations. In 2020 QS Top Universities Raitings named Sciences Po third best political science higher school in the World. In this interview, Dario Battistella talks about the role of international educational programs in establishing of political dialogue between states, French-Russian relations, the importance of internationalizing education to solve global problems, and also shares experience in implementing a joint master's program in European political studies with RUDN University.
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Gelb, Jérémy, und Philippe Apparicio. „Modelling Cyclists’ Multi-Exposure to Air and Noise Pollution with Low-Cost Sensors—The Case of Paris“. Atmosphere 11, Nr. 4 (22.04.2020): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040422.
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Cyclists are particularly exposed to air and noise pollution because of their higher ventilation rate and their proximity to traffic. However, few studies have investigated their multi-exposure and have taken into account its real complexity in building statistical models (nonlinearity, pseudo replication, autocorrelation, etc.). We propose here to model cyclists’ exposure to air and noise pollution simultaneously in Paris (France). Specifically, the purpose of this study is to develop a methodology based on an extensive mobile data collection using low-cost sensors to determine which factors of the urban micro-scale environment contribute to cyclists’ multi-exposure and to what extent. To this end, we developed a conceptual framework to define cyclists’ multi-exposure and applied it to a multivariate generalized additive model with mixed effects and temporal autocorrelation. The results show that it is possible to reduce cyclists’ multi-exposure by adapting the planning and development practices of cycling infrastructure, and that this reduction can be substantial for noise exposure.
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Maslova, Elena, und Ekaterina Shebalina. „«MEDITERRANEAN CARD» IN ITALY’S EUROPEAN POLICY“. Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 32, Nr. 2 (30.04.2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran220232533.
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It has always been important for Italian foreign policy to have a political weight both in the EU and in the Mediterranean. The country is trying to play on several boards, building different configurations, and does not limit itself solely to the ideas of the Rome – Paris – Berlin triangle. Realizing their vulnerability and the danger of being in a subordinate position among France and Germany, Italy is relying on the «Mediterranean card», building an informal union of the countries of Southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Portugal). With G. Meloni becoming primeminister, the Mediterranean continues to be in the rank of priority areas of Italy’s foreign policy. Playing the «Mediterranean card» is now easier because countries are creating the image of a common enemy for Europe. Despite attempts to consolidate informal cooperation between the countries of Southern Europe around the Mediterranean, it is not quite successful due to the economic weakness of the countries and the lack of proper political authority. However, there is tactical cooperation in the context of inter-Mediterranean energy cooperation, where Italy is achieving a coordinating role. After the British withdrawal from the EU, Rome is keen to take over the British seat, which could also strengthen the country’s role in the Mediterranean. The main competitor, jealous of Italy’s claim to leadership in both the EU and the Mediterranean, is France; the sub-regional competitor in the Mediterranean is Spain, which does not currently have enough resources to pursue its political ambitions.
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Polyakov, E. N., und О. Р. Polyakova. „Cubism in creative activity of Le Corbusier (Tomsk)“. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 25, Nr. 6 (26.12.2023): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2023-25-6-9-28.
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The article is devoted to the early creative activity of the outstanding French architect Charles-Édouard Jeanneret known as Le Corbusier. His move to Paris can be explained by the increased professional and creative ambitions, spiritual maturation of the young master. The paper studies his first design works implemented in France include engineering structures, Ovriere village near Dieppe, and others.The main attention is paid to two residential mansions made in the style of Cubism, namely the Ozenfant House and Studio in Paris built in the mid-1920s. Their master plans, original solutions of facades, lightweight frames made of precast concrete are studied herein. For those years, it is a fundamentally new building material, used later in the modern residential architecture. It is noted that the creator of architectural functionalism concludes that reinforced concrete structures have a wide compositional potential that allows working not only with flat, but also with curvedlinear walls, volumetric blocks. In addition, reinforced concrete allows him to successfully test his all five principles of modern. In these works, Le Corbusier first tests residential cell technology. These works are his first approbation of conceptual models of modern architecture.
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Versini, Pierre-Antoine, Filip Stanic, Auguste Gires, Daniel Schertzer und Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia. „Measurements of the water balance components of a large green roof in the greater Paris area“. Earth System Science Data 12, Nr. 2 (06.05.2020): 1025–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1025-2020.
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Abstract. The Blue Green Wave of Champs-sur-Marne (France) represents the largest green roof (1 ha) of the greater Paris area. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity lab of École des Ponts ParisTech has chosen to convert this architectural building into a full-scale monitoring site devoted to studying the performance of green infrastructures in storm-water management. For this purpose, the relevant components of the water balance during a rainfall event have been monitored: rainfall, water content in the substrate, and the discharge flowing out of the infrastructure. Data provided by adapted measurement sensors were collected during 78 d between February and May 2018. The related raw data and a Python program transforming them into hydrological quantities and providing some preliminary elements of analysis have been made available. These measurements are useful to better understand the hydrological processes (infiltration and retention) conducting green roof performance and their spatial variability due to substrate heterogeneity. The data set is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687775 (Versini et al., 2019b).
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Sala, Paola, Marcel Frehner, Nicola Tisato und O. Adrian Pfiffner. „Building a three-dimensional near-surface geologic and petrophysical model based on borehole data: A case study from Chémery, Paris Basin, France“. AAPG Bulletin 97, Nr. 8 (August 2013): 1303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/02261312120.
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Panzini, Nicola, und Vito Quadrato. „Pre-existence and prefabrication. Lacaton & Vassal: methodologies for social housing renovation“. TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, Nr. 24 (26.07.2022): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-12811.
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«Our approach is to give more to do better. In France, between 2006 and 2015, 125,000 dwellings were demolished and 100,000 rebuilt. The cost of demolition and reconstruction of one dwelling amounted to 165,000 euros. Our alternative approach showed that it is possible to significantly transform a dwelling for the cost of 55,000 euros. Transformation means openness, extension, more space, more light, more freedom of use» (Lacaton, 2020). This article discusses the methodologies developed by Lacaton & Vassal for social housing in French suburbs and examines their “alternative approach” from a constructional and bioclimatic standpoint. Two emblematic cases are taken as an example: the transformation of the Bois-le-Prêtre in Paris and the renovation of three residential blocks in the Grand Parc of Bordeaux.
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Restif-Filliozat, Manonmani. „The Jesuit Contribution to the Geographical Knowledge of India in the Eighteenth Century“. Journal of Jesuit Studies 6, Nr. 1 (11.03.2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00601006.
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While the mapping activities of French Jesuits in China and New France have been extensively studied, those in India have received less attention. While benefiting from the French crown’s interest in using the Jesuits as a tool for empire, they did not help develop an overarching imperial structure like that of Spain and Portugal or that of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. The work of Jean-Venant Bouchet (1655–1732), Louis-Noël de Bourzes (1673–1735), Claude Moriset (1667–1742), Claude-Stanislas Boudier (1686–1757), Gaston-Laurent Cœurdoux (1691–1779), and many others was instead important in building linkages between institutions and individuals in Europe and India. It further allowed commercial cartographers in Paris and London like Guillaume Delisle (1675–1726), Jean-Baptiste d’Anville (1697–1782), and James Rennell (1742–1830) to develop a more sophisticated picture of the interior of India.
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Laurent, Dominique. „Supporting and Enhancing Research on Cultural Heritage in France: the PATRIMA Project“. Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage 4 (30.09.2014): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/dipp.2014.4.5.
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In this paper, we first overview the French project on heritage called PATRIMA, launched in 2011 as one of the Projets d'investissement pour l'avenir , a French funding program meant to last for the next ten years. The overall purpose of the PATRIMA project is to promote and fund research on various aspects of heritage presentation and preservation. Such research being interdisciplinary, research groups in history, physics, chemistry, biology and computer science are involved in this project. The PATRIMA consortium involves research groups from universities and from the main museums or cultural heritage institutions in Paris and surroundings. More specifically, the main members of the consortium are the two universities of Cergy-Pontoise and Versailles Saint-Quentin and the following famous museums or cultural institutions: Musée du Louvre, Château de Versailles, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Musée du Quai Branly, Musée Rodin. In the second part of the paper, we focus on two projects funded by PATRIMA named EDOP and Parcours and dealing with data integration. The goal of the EDOP project is to provide users with a data space for the integration of heterogeneous information about heritage; Linked Open Data are considered for an effective access to the corresponding data sources. On the other hand, the Parcours project aims at building an ontology on the terminology about the techniques dealing with restoration and/or conservation. Such an ontology is meant to provide a common terminology to researchers using different databases and different vocabularies.
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Hanley, Sarah. „“The Jurisprudence of the Arrêts”: Marital Union, Civil Society, and State Formation in France, 1550–1650“. Law and History Review 21, Nr. 1 (2003): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595067.
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During the 1500s and 1600s when state building in France depended on the government's ability to staff administrative and judicial offices, prime candidates emerged from the famous law schools. Steeped in new research methods favoring a documentary base, Jurists focused legal studies on the French past, rather than a Roman one, and fostered historical and comparative views of society, law, and nation. Searching in archives for customs and laws, they wrote histories tracing the development of French institutions, including the Parlement of Paris, and devised civic rituals to articulate French constitutional precepts in that court. Practicing law as well, they collected “notable arrêts” (judicial decisions) on questions of law, advanced legal theories and legislative projects, and facilitated the circulation of legal knowledge within a general public caught up in judicial activism born of social change and political necessity. By challenging operative facets of two great legal systems in the western world, Roman law and Canon law, and by amending French Customary law, they developed a system of “French jurisprudence” and legally framed a “civil society” that underwrote the claim to political sovereignty as a nation.
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Gradmann, Christoph. „Locating Therapeutic Vaccines in Nineteenth-Century History“. Science in Context 21, Nr. 2 (Juni 2008): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970800166x.
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ArgumentThis essay places some therapeutic vaccines, including particularly the diphtheria antitoxin, into their larger historical context of the late nineteenth century. As industrially produced drugs, these vaccines ought to be seen in connection with the structural changes in medicine and pharmacology at the time. Given the spread of industrial culture and technology into the field of medicine and pharmacology, therapeutic vaccines can be understood as boundary objects that required and facilitated communication between industrialists, medical researchers, public health officials, and clinicians. It was in particular in relation to evaluation and testing for efficacy in animal models that these medicines became a model for twentieth-century medicine. In addition, these medicines came into being as a parallel invention in two very distinct local cultures of research: the Institut Pasteur in Paris and the Institut für Infektionskrankheiten in Berlin. While their local cultural origins were plainly visible, the medicines played an important role in the alignment of the methods and objects that took place in bacteriology research in France and Germany in the 1890s. This article assesses the two locally specific regimes for control in France and in Imperial Germany. In France the Institut Pasteur, building on earlier successful vaccines, enjoyed freedom from scrutinizing control. The tight and elaborate system of control that evolved in Imperial Germany is portrayed as being reliant on experiences that were drawn from the dramatic events that surrounded the launching of a first example of so-called “bacteriological medicine,” tuberculin, in 1890.
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O’Loughlin, Ben, Cristian Vaccari, Billur Aslan Ozgul und James Dennis. „Twitter and Global Political Crises“. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication 10, Nr. 2-3 (2017): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01002006.
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This study examines social media responses to the 13 November 2015 Paris attacks by the Islamic State. First impressions of over 2,000,000 tweets containing hashtags #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria suggested a conflation of three issues: (1) Migration: were the attackers homegrown or carrying overseas passports? (2) Violence: why was Paris attacked and why is France bombing the Islamic State? (3) Media: what role should mainstream and social media play during events that are local and global, unique and yet part of a series? However, instead of conflating media, migration and terrorism, we found users of both hashtags discussing Syria, foreign policy, and justice and fairness. Building on previous research exploring how social media affordances encourage certain communication behaviors, we test whether Twitter’s reply function is more conducive to antagonistic comments than retweets, which we hypothesise allow for an expression of solidarity and universalism. Conversations about Syria contain greater antagonism, explained by aspects of the tweet, user and network effects. The #PrayforParis and #PrayforSyria conversations exhibit neither the contestation of global attention nor a media-driven cycle of insecurity. The high frequency of agonistic and non-visual tweets, particularly about Syria, suggests a robust exchange of claims, refuting pessimistic depictions of Twitter as a space for superficiality and hate.
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Hamel, Perrine, Martí Bosch, Léa Tardieu, Aude Lemonsu, Cécile de Munck, Chris Nootenboom, Vincent Viguié, Eric Lonsdorf, James A. Douglass und Richard P. Sharp. „Calibrating and validating the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) urban cooling model: case studies in France and the United States“. Geoscientific Model Development 17, Nr. 12 (18.06.2024): 4755–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4755-2024.
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Abstract. Understanding the cooling service provided by vegetation in cities is important to inform urban policy and planning. However, the performance of decision-support tools estimating heat mitigation for urban greening strategies has not been evaluated systematically. Here, we further develop a calibration algorithm and evaluate the performance of the urban cooling model developed within the open-source InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) software. The urban cooling model estimates air temperature reduction due to vegetation based on four predictors, shade, evapotranspiration, albedo, and building density, and was designed for data-rich and data-scarce situations. We apply the calibration algorithm and evaluate the model in two case studies (Paris, France, and Minneapolis–St Paul, USA) by examining the spatial correlation between InVEST predictions and reference temperature data at a 1 km horizontal resolution. In both case studies, model performance was high for nighttime air temperatures, which are an important indicator of human wellbeing. After calibration, we found medium performance for surface temperatures during daytime but low performance for daytime air temperatures in both case studies, which may be due to model and data limitations. We illustrate the model adequacy for urban planning by testing its ability to simulate a green infrastructure scenario in the Paris case study. The predicted air temperature change compared well to that of an alternative physics-based model (r2=0.55 and r2=0.85 for daytime and nighttime air temperatures, respectively). Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges for the use of such parsimonious decision-support tools, highlighting their importance to mainstream ecosystem services information for urban planning.
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Naus, D. J. „2nd International RILEM Workshop on Life Prediction and Aging Management of Concrete Structures (5-6 May 2003, Paris, France)“. Materials and Structures 36, Nr. 263 (27.09.2003): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/14090.
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Augiseau, Vincent, und Eunhye Kim. „Inflows and Outflows from Material Stocks of Buildings and Networks and their Space-Differentiated Drivers: The Case Study of the Paris Region“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 3 (28.01.2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031376.
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Urbanization causes massive flows of construction materials and waste, which generates environmental impacts and land-use conflicts. Circular economy strategies at a local scale and in coordination with urban planning could respond to those issues. Implementing these strategies raises challenges as it requires a better knowledge of flows and their space-differentiated drivers. This article focuses on the case of the Paris region (Ile-de-France) in 2013. Construction materials inflows and outflows to and from anthropogenic stocks of buildings and networks are estimated and located though a bottom-up approach based on the collection and processing of geolocalized data. Flow analysis focuses on the relationship between urbanization and flows with a view to establishing context-specific circular economy strategies. Results show that regional inflows of construction materials to stocks in 2013 reach between 1.8 and 2.1 t/capita while outflows are between 1.0 and 1.5 t/capita. Both inflows and outflows are mainly driven by building construction and demolition as well as by road renewal. The region is composed of three sub-urban areas and flows per capita in the dense central city of Paris are significantly lower than in the low-density outskirt area of Grande Couronne (GC). Road renewal accounts for a larger share of flows in GC. Future research will address methodological limits.
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Renoult, Daniel. „Innovation for arts and sciences: new technology in the French national library“. Art Libraries Journal 23, Nr. 3 (1998): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200011081.
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Founded in the fifteenth century, the French national library, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, is one of the oldest research libraries, and, as regards the size and variety of its holdings, one of the largest in the world. An on-going programme of modernisation based on a new strategy was initiated in 1988, the aims of which are to enforce collection development in a broader encyclopaedic sense, facilitate access to documents for the general public and researchers, allow remote access through new technology and develop scientific and technical networks in co-operation with national institutions and the international community. From 1992 to 1995, two new buildings were created: one very large library (3,700 seats) located on the east side of Paris at Tolbiac, the François Mitterand Library, will house the 10 million books of the heritage collection and audiovisual documents; another new building, for conservation workshops, scientific laboratories, and new stores, the Centre Technique du Livre, is located on the outskirts of Paris, at Marne-la-Vallée. After the major book removal operation planned for 1998, the historic building in the rue de Richelieu will be devoted to special collections and will also house INHA, the new national institute for art history.In 1996, the first workshops at Marne-la-Vallée became operational and the general public level of the François Mitterand Library was inaugurated. The research level will follow in October 1998. Implementation of stage three of the audiovisual system, the new information system, will also begin in 1998, the year in which it is foreseen in addition that the new French union catalogue and the digital library will be made available to the public. All these projects aim at improving and enlarging the information services provided both to the general public and the scientific community.
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Tsaturova, Susanna. „The Role of the Parliament of Paris in Expand the Public Field of Royal Power“. ISTORIYA 13, Nr. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018998-6.
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The article explores the process of acquiring the Royal power in France in the 13—15th centuries of a public legal character in the light of changing the status of the Parliament of Paris. The Parliament made a decisive contribution to the development of the three main components of publicity: as an integral attribute of power, as a synonym for openness, and as an expression of the Kingdom's “common interest”. This contribution was facilitated by the judicial function exercised by the Parliament as the Supreme and appellate court of the Kingdom with “total” competence. The function of justice, being the main one in the sacred concept of “service of the king” at this stage, played a major role in the monarch's acquisition of the status of a sovereign and “public person”. As management became more complex, requiring professionals, and the authorities became autonomous from the person of the monarch, the function of administering justice in the name of the king was delegated to Parliament. The personal interest of the judges in the success of building the state left an imprint on the entire process. The juridical metaphor “Parliament represents the person of the king without intermediaries” reflected the status of the judicial department. It has evolved in the context of the formation of the public legal foundations of the monarchy. At first, it was similar to the function of procurators-representatives who were delegated the authority to speak on behalf of another person or group. The emergent concepts of eternity of the crown and “the immortal body of the king” transformed the essence of metaphor, turning the Parliament into a representative “image” of the crown, not the person of monarch. This transformation was clearly reflected in the funeral ceremony of the king of France, where the presidents of Parliament occupied a privileged position and had a different appearance from the rest. The establishment of the principle of publicity was strongly promoted by the judicial procedure itself: the trial was conducted openly, in front of the public, in French, in the symbolically significant Royal Palace in Cité. Finally, the Parliament actively promoted the principle of protecting the common good as the basis and goal of Royal power. By the end of this period, Parliament claims to be the protector of the “common interest” and the intermediary between the crown and society.
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Russkikh, Svetlana. „Illegal Uses of the Russian Maternity Capital“. Мир России 27, Nr. 3 (17.06.2018): 180–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1811-038x-2018-27-3-180-197.
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Svetlana Russkikh – PhD Student in Sociology, University of Paris Descartes; The Institute for Demographic Studies (INED). Address: 12 l’École de Médecine St., Paris, 75006, France. E-mail: vetlana.russkikh@gmail.com
Citation: Russkykh S. (2018) Illegal Uses of the Russian Maternity Capital. Mir Rossii, vol. 27, no 3, pp. 180–197. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2018-27-3-180-197
This paper deals with the contemporary Russian pro-natalist policy, focusing on the social benefit program “Maternity Capital”. The main goal of this program is to increase the fertility rate, especially the birth of a second child. I analyze the legal and illegal uses of this program. First, I identify how recipient families intend to improve their living standards with the Maternity Capital. To this end, three types of legal uses are introduced: the acquisition of a first home, the expansion of the living space and the funding of a building project. Secondly, I show that these uses sometimes conflict with administrative, economic and personal constraints. In order to overcome these difficulties, some families chose to use the Maternity Capital in an illegal way. Thirdly, I argue that these illegal uses belong to three categories: fraudulent use, diverted use and subverted use. My claim is that: 1) Maternity Capital has some limits in its practical application; and 2) families illegally use the Maternity Capital in order to circumvent practical difficulties, but not the intent of the program.
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Paule, B., S. Aguacil Moreno und B. Beckers. „Taking a step back from glass towers facades to make them compatible with the 2050 targets“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, Nr. 8 (01.11.2023): 082036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082036.
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Abstract Skyscrapers or glass towers are an extremely common model throughout the world. In the current context of climate change and resource depletion, we need to develop new postures towards these objects, especially for existing buildings that are becoming obsolete. This article begins by showing how the nature of the facades of these buildings influences the urban climate. It continues with the analysis of an emblematic building from the 1970s, the Tour Areva in Paris-La Défense (France). Through this typical example, we show how it is possible to improve the quality of use and the energy performance by exploring various scenarios. The main theme is the transformation of the façade and how it is possible, through different actions, to simultaneously improve daylighting performance, visual and thermal comfort and overall energy performance. New approaches to geometry and photometry are explored and show, through daylighting and thermal simulations, that it is possible to give these objects a new start. This work concludes with a life cycle analysis that quantifies the valorization of the intrinsic energy stock associated with the building and which elements can be conserved or reused. In this project, we demonstrate that with good design, it is possible to convert these office buildings into pleasant and generous flats and to achieve a high level of energy efficiency and comfort, without forgetting the environmental objectives for the 2050 horizon.
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Addabbo, Nicola, Maria Fabrizia Clemente, Laura Quesada-Ganuza, Riwa Abdel Khalek, Federica Labattaglia, Giovanni Nocerino, Mia Prall et al. „A Framework for Climate Resilient Urban Design: The Case of Porte de Montreuil, Paris“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 18 (18.09.2023): 13857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813857.
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With the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme climate events in cities, it is essential to develop multi-scale and multi-hazard design tools to ensure urban climate resilience. A designed approach to urban development across spatial scales offers the opportunity to integrate diverse fields to create a strong multidisciplinary knowledge base and avoid fragmented planning approaches. This paper proposes a process-based methodological framework for climate resilient urban design-integrating analysis of climate impact with concerns of local communities. A combined focus on climate impact and co-benefits enables a design process with the ability to promote adaptation and mitigation while also addressing diverse urban challenges and responding to local needs and priorities. The proposed methodological framework is applied in the context of the climate resilient urban redevelopment of the Porte de Montreuil district in Paris, France. The results show that the Porte de Montreuil area is at risk from heat waves as a result of the urban characteristics of the area. However, it is possible to suggest specific design measures that integrate local planning priorities with climate resilient design measures to decrease the risk and improve climate resilience in the area.
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Akhoundi, Mohammad, Dahlia Chebbah, Denis Sereno, Anthony Marteau, Julie Jan, Christiane Bruel, Nohal Elissa und Arezki Izri. „Widespread Mutations in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Gene of Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations in Paris“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (06.01.2021): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020407.
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Bed bugs, Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus, are common blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans with a large geographical distribution, worldwide. In France, little is known about the status of bed bugs’ infestation and their resistance to insecticides, particularly, pyrethroids. Here, we aimed to find mutations in the kdr gene, known to be involved in resistance to insecticides. We gathered bed bugs from various infested locations, including 17 private houses, 12 HLM building complex, 29 apartments, 2 EHPAD, and 2 immigrants’ residences. A total of 1211 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as C. lectularius. Two fragments of the kdr gene, encompassing codons V419L and L925I, were successfully amplified for 156 specimens. We recorded sense mutation in the first amplified fragment (kdr1) in 89 out of 156 (57%) samples, in which in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) sequences, a change of valine (V) into leucine (L) V419L was observed. Within the second fragment (kdr2), a homozygous mutation was recorded in 73 out of 156 (46.7%) specimens at the codon 925. At this position, 43 out of 73 (58.9%) specimens had a sense mutation leading to the replacement of leucine (L) by isoleucine (I). Among 162 mutant sequences analyzed (89 for the kdr1 fragment and 73 for the kdr2 one), we detected single point mutation in 26.6%, while 73.4% presented the mutation in both kdr1 and kdr2 fragments. All modifications recorded in bed bug populations of Paris are described to be involved in the knockdown resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids.
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Belaroussi, Rachid, Huiying Dai, Elena Díaz González und Jorge Martín Gutiérrez. „Designing a Large-Scale Immersive Visit in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 5 (27.02.2023): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13053044.
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Throughout history, tools for engineering in the building industry have evolved. Due to the arrival of Industry 4.0, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) software have replaced the usage of pens, pencils, and paper in the design process. This paper describes the work required to design a large-scale immersive visit of a district under construction in a suburban area of Greater Paris, France. As part of this real estate project, called LaVallée, we have access to its city information model: all the BIMs of the works to be carried out including roads, terrain, street furniture, fountains, and landscaping. This paper describes all the technical operations necessary for the design of an immersive 3D model with a high level of detail of the neighborhood with its surroundings. The objective of this technical report was to provide practitioners with feedback on such an achievement based on industrial-level data. The development of the city model begins with the registration of all the BIMs from different firms in a common Geographic Information System: this gives the opportunity to confront the operational requirement of a construction phase and the actual current practice of architecture firms. A first prototype was developed using the archviz tool TwinMotion. In order to increase the realism of the model, we describe the creation of a pipeline in Unreal Engine with the automated tasks of material and mesh replacement and the lighting and landscape configuration. The main contribution of this work is to give relevant experience on building such a large-scale model, with the Python script when possible, as well as the necessary manual steps. It is a valuable contribution to the making of large-scale immersive visits with a high level of detail and their requirements.
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Lian, Jinghui, François-Marie Bréon, Grégoire Broquet, T. Scott Zaccheo, Jeremy Dobler, Michel Ramonet, Johannes Staufer, Diego Santaren, Irène Xueref-Remy und Philippe Ciais. „Analysis of temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration within Paris from the GreenLITE™ laser imaging experiment“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, Nr. 22 (18.11.2019): 13809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13809-2019.
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Abstract. In 2015, the Greenhouse gas Laser Imaging Tomography Experiment (GreenLITE™) measurement system was deployed for a long-duration experiment in the center of Paris, France. The system measures near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentrations integrated along 30 horizontal chords ranging in length from 2.3 to 5.2 km and covering an area of 25 km2 over the complex urban environment. In this study, we use this observing system together with six conventional in situ point measurements and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) and two urban canopy schemes (Urban Canopy Model – UCM; Building Effect Parameterization – BEP) at a horizontal resolution of 1 km to analyze the temporal and spatial variations in CO2 concentrations within the city of Paris and its vicinity for the 1-year period spanning December 2015 to November 2016. Such an analysis aims at supporting the development of CO2 atmospheric inversion systems at the city scale. Results show that both urban canopy schemes in the WRF-Chem model are capable of reproducing the seasonal cycle and most of the synoptic variations in the atmospheric CO2 point measurements over the suburban areas as well as the general corresponding spatial differences in CO2 concentration that span the urban area. However, within the city, there are larger discrepancies between the observations and the model results with very distinct features during winter and summer. During winter, the GreenLITE™ measurements clearly demonstrate that one urban canopy scheme (BEP) provides a much better description of temporal variations and horizontal differences in CO2 concentrations than the other (UCM) does. During summer, much larger CO2 horizontal differences are indicated by the GreenLITE™ system than both the in situ measurements and the model results, with systematic east–west variations.
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Hemmings, F. W. J. „Fires and Fire Precautions in the French Theatre“. Theatre Research International 16, Nr. 3 (1991): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015005.
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The ‘notice préliminaire’ to L.-H. Lecomte's unfinished Histoire des théâtres de Paris includes a list of eighteen major fires occurring between 1789 and 1900, each of which resulted in the total destruction of a theatre. The date of each disaster is given, as also the date at which the theatre was rebuilt, either on the same site or in a new location. But beyond these brief particulars, Lecomte gives little information on the circumstances and none at all on the probable causes of each catastrophe and the precautions taken subsequently to avert a recurrence. It is the purpose of this paper to flesh out the bare bones of Lecomte's statistics, and to extend the picture to embrace similar disasters befalling provincial playhouses in France over the same period. There had of course been spectacular fires before the Revolution at Paris theatres, notably that which destroyed the opera house located in the Palais-Royal on 6 April 1763 (incidentally severely damaging the palace itself), although, since it occurred during the Easter break, the theatre was fortunately empty at the time. The Opera was eventually rehoused on the same site, but on 8 June 1781 the building once more went up in flames and was reduced to a pile of smouldering rubble. Again there were no victims among the spectators, since it was only when they had left after the evening's performance that the fire broke out; but many of the dancers were still changing into their outdoor clothes at the time and two of them failed to follow the example of the others and make their escape across the roof and down to the street. A total of a dozen or fifteen people perished as a result of this fire, including one elderly woman living in the Cour des Fontaines who died of shock at witnessing the fearsome spectacle.
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WHATMORE, RICHARD. „ETIENNE DUMONT, THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION, AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION“. Historical Journal 50, Nr. 1 (13.02.2007): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005905.
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Etienne Dumont became famous in the early nineteenth century for taking Jeremy Bentham's incoherent manuscripts and editing them into readable books which he translated into French. This article focuses on Dumont's earlier life, and specifically his Genevan background, to explain his work for Mirabeau in the first years of the French Revolution and his ultimate sense of the importance of Bentham's system of legislation. The article explains why Dumont's Genevan origins caused him to promote reforms in France intended to establish domestic stability and international peace. Dumont believed that states across Europe needed to combine free government with moral reform, in order to stifle the growth of democracy. The extent of the danger posed by popular government to modern societies was, in Dumont's view, the major lesson of the French Revolution. An alternative reform project to democracy was necessary, but one that did not entail a return to monarchical or aristocratic despotism. The characteristics of Dumont's planned reform became clear by adopting a comparative perspective on events in France. In developing a comparative perspective, Dumont argued that the history of Britain since 1688 needed to be in the foreground. He was perplexed by the French rejection of Britain's political and constitutional model, and explained many major developments at Paris in 1789 by reference to what he considered to be this peculiar fact. After the Terror, Dumont lost his faith in experiments in constitution building as a means of securing the independence of free states like Geneva. Bentham's great achievement was to have provided an alternative system of legislation that would transform national character gradually, making reform politics compatible with domestic and international peace. For Dumont, Bentham established a bulwark against the enthusiasm and democratic excess, and this was the key to utilitarianism as a moral reform project.
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Robert-Boeuf, Camille. „Promoting Rural Regeneration and Sustainable Farming near Cities Thanks to Facilitating Operators in France? The Case of the Versailles Plain’s Association Governance Model“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 9 (26.04.2023): 7219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097219.
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Food and agricultural systems in rural areas close to cities have been the subject of much academic research, revealing difficulties due to the proximity of cities, land pressure, and complex governance between cities and rural areas. This article aims to analyze the case study of the Versailles Plain Association (VPA), which proposes an original form of facilitation that contributes to the effectiveness of territorial governance in a rural area close to Paris. It is based on a qualitative method, gathering 52 interviews and heritage audits that were carried out in the framework of the European project H2020 Ruralization. The analysis shows that the VPA is a facilitating operator that brings together stakeholders from both the agricultural and urban worlds, allowing collective projects around a territorial identity. This territorial identity promotes agriculture and rural lifestyles, which become positive embodiments of local development. This facilitating operator thus offers an alternative to urbanization and produces forms of ruralization processes.
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Aulia, Asa, und Anisa Anisa. „Kajian Konsep Arsitektur Art Deco pada Planetarium Adler“. Jurnal Linears 4, Nr. 1 (04.06.2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/j-linears.v4i1.5017.
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ABSTRAK: Gaya ini muncul pertama kali pada tahun 1925 dan berkembang hingga tahun 1940. Nama art deco berasal dari pameran bertajuk paris exposition des Art Decorations et industri pada tahun 1925 di Perancis. Art deco merupakan kombinasi dari berbagai gaya dan modern di awal abad ke-20, seperti gaya konstruksionisme, kubisme, modernisme, bauhaus, art nouveau dan futurisme. Gerakan arsitektur modern yang berkembang saat itu juga mempengaruhi gaya art deco dan memberikan sentuhan modern. Gaya arsitektur Eropa ini diadopsi di berbagai bangunan Amerika karena kondisi mereka di masa revolusi industri. Salah satu bangunan yang mengalami euforia dari konsep arsitektur art deco adalah planetarium Adler yang pada masa itu sangat berbeda dengan fungsi bangunan art deco pada umumnya yang cenderung bersifat komersial dan bertingkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan arsitektur art deco pada planetarium Adler. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis eksterior bangunan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data literatur yang memadai dari artikel, jurnal dan buku terkait dengan gaya bangunan art deco dan planetarium Adler, kemudian data yang didapat dijadikan sebagai pedoman deskripsi pada penerapan art deco di planetarium Adler. Selain itu peneliti juga akan mengamati setiap bentukan dan paduan warna dari beberapa gambar pada bagian planetarium Adler. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa planetarium Adler sepenuhnya mengadaptasi konsep arsitektur art deco dengan bentuk decorative style, penggunaan ornamen zodiak pada eksterior dan interior bangunan serta penggunaan material marmer yang umumnya digunakan pada bangunan berkonsep art deco.ABSTRACT: This style first appeared in 1925 and developed until 1940. The name art deco comes from the exhibition entitled Paris exposition des Art Decorations et industries in 1925 in France. Art deco is simply a combination of various styles and currents in the early 20th century, including the styles of constructionism, cubism, modernism, bauhaus, art nouveau, and futurism. The modern architectural movement that was developing at that time also influenced the art deco style and provided modern touches. This Europe architectural style was adopted in various building of America as caused by their condition in industrial revolution period. One of the buildings that experiencing the euphoria of art deco concept was Adler planetarium, which at that time was very different from the function of art deco buildings in general, that tended to be commercial and multi-storey. This study aims to analyze the application of art deco in Adler planetarium. The method used to analyze the exterior of the building is a qualitative descriptive method, means by collecting adequate literature data from articles, journals and books related to the art deco building style and Adler's planetarium, then the data obtained is used as a description guide on the application of art deco in the planetarium Adler. In addition, researchers will also observe every shape and color combination of several images in the Adler planetarium section. The conclusion from this research is that Adler planetarium is fully adapting art deco architecture by their decorative style as the shape of the building, the usage of zodiac decoration in exterior and interior, and also their marmer material that commonly used by art deco building.
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Osiecki, Jakub. „Towarzystwo Polsko-Ormiańskie we Lwowie (1920-1922)“. Lehahayer 7 (15.03.2021): 233–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lh.07.2020.07.05.
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Polish-Armenian Society in Lwów (1920-1922)
Using Armenian and Polish sources, the author analyses the activities ofthe Polish-Armenian Society (Towarzystwo Polsko-Ormiańskie) founded in Lwów(Poland) on June 15, 1920. This organization focused on building relations betweenPoland and Armenia. Its leaders, Jan Grzegorzewski, Garabed Keuprulian and AugustTeodorowicz established cooperation with the Armenian National Delegationin Paris, chaired by Boghos Nubar Pasha, and with its branch in Berlin. They alsoundertook the difficult mission of lobbying for the Armenian case in Warsaw. In thefirst phase of its activity, the Society planned to relocate Polish Armenians (officialsand intelligentsia) to the territories of Western Armenia; due to the deteriorating internationalsituation, the idea was abandoned. Subsequently, efforts were focused onhelping Armenian refugees from Turkey in the Caucasus; on this matter, the Societymade an appeal to the Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count Konstanty Skirmunt.The suspension of the Society’s activity was related to the deterioration of Armenia’ssituation on the international arena. With the abandonment of the Armenianquestion by France and Great Britain, the exchange of letters with activists in Parisalso stopped. The author compares the Society with its counterpart in London – theBritish Armenian Committee, emphasizing the organization of Polish Armenianswas truly exceptional because it was the first one of its kind, and also because itfocused not on the problems of the local diaspora, but on the issue of Armenia’s independence.
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Berrabah, Soukayna, Mohamed Ould Moussa und Mohamed Bakhouya. „3D Modeling of the Thermal Transfer through Precast Buildings Envelopes“. Energies 14, Nr. 13 (23.06.2021): 3751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133751.
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In this paper, a finite-element-based model is being introduced and developed, using the Cast3m (CEA, Paris, France) simulation tool, to evaluate the thermo-mechanical behavior of a small-scale test bed. In fact, many studies on thermal behavior of cavities have been carried out in literature. However, none of them took into account the co-existence of all thermal phenomena (conduction, convection, internal/external radiation). The work presented in this paper presents a thermo-mechanical model, which aims to combine, in a holistic way, these phenomena. An experimental validation of the thermal model has been first carried out using an infrared camera and DS18B20 (Maxim Integrated Products, Dallas, TX, USA) numerical sensors. Results are reported and show the accuracy of the proposed model since both numerical and experimental values of heat transmittance fit together. The main objective is to evaluate heat losses through the walls, by means of heat transmittance calculation, and proposing new functional materials that will help in energy harvesting, as a perspective of this work. As for the mechanical study, it was meant to investigate the distribution of the mechanical stress towards the building envelope submitted to its own weight. Results showed that the stress is uniformly distributed on the lateral walls of the structure as well as on the floor.
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Ghiles, Francis. „Reading history wrong: the plight of European foreign policy in the Middle East“. Notes Internacionals CIDOB, Nr. 303 (12.03.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24241/notesint.2024/303/en.
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Since the early 20th century, France and the United Kingdom (UK) and, after 1945, the United States (US), have been getting the Middle East wrong. In 2003, France’s President Chirac and Germany’s Chancellor Schröder refused to endorse what proved to be a catastrophic mistake: the US-led invasion of Iraq. Eight years later, President Sarkozy chose to abandon the wisdom of his predecessor and was a cheerleader for the toppling of the Libyan leader Gaddafi, which allowed Russia back into the Mediterranean area. Western leaders’ misreading of the Middle East has been compounded by the media, whose moral grandstanding has increasingly replaced serious reporting and debate. Middle Eastern countries today are defending their interests aggressively and refusing to play by the rules set in Paris, London or Washington. A new nationalism stalks the region, making diplomacy more transactional.
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Musabegović, Senadin. „Present-day Importance of Krleža’s Interpretation of Artistic Motifs on Bosnian Medieval Tombstones“. Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 8, Nr. 2(23) (30.12.2022): 129–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2023.8.2.129.
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The present text provides an analysis of Krleža’s deliberations on medieval Bosnian art, which are most evidently reflected in his views about the tombstones – the stećci. Back in the 1950s, following Tito’s split with Stalin, Miroslav Krleža organized an exhibition in Paris, France, themed “Medieval Art of Yugoslav Peoples”, placing the tombstones in the center of attention. The reason for this lies in the fact that, in their appearance as monuments, he recognized the heretic efforts of the Bosnian Church, which was persecuted in the Middle Ages by Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Similarly, Tito’s Yugoslavia expressed its heretic character by standing up against the Western capitalist bloc – NATO, as well as Stalin’s dogmatism – the Warsaw Pact. The reason for the persecution of the members of the Bosnian Church back in the day was religious, whereas in the 1950s when Yugoslavia was fighting for its independent road towards further building socialism, the split was purely ideological. When the Berlin Wall fell and Yugoslavia was crushed by aggressive nationalist politics, many intellectuals found Krleža’s observations on the importance of the Bosnian medieval tombstones an expression of naïve romanticism, or an ideological construction hiding Tito’s absolute power, and his thirst for power and ethnic balancing. This text attempts to reaffirm Krleža’s deliberations on the tombstones, which, the author of these lines believes have not at all lost their importance, nor do they merely represent “an idealized past”.