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Khalid, Talha, und Waleed Bin Mujahid. „Politicization of Public Administration: A Case Study of Capital City Police Officers (CCPOs) of Lahore“. BTTN Journal 2, Nr. 1 (31.07.2023): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.61732/bj.v2i1.36.
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The study aims to identify the reason behind the abrupt transfer of CCPOs of Lahore from 2018 to 2022. It examines the client-patron relation between these officers and political elites by reviewing literature, secondary data and through semi-structured interviews as well. It shows how public offices, specifically the police department, are politicized in Pakistan? The four elements given by Hicken in his theory of clientelism – are used to analyze the data collected through secondary sources and interviews. It is found that abrupt transfers of CCPOs of Lahore are politicized and not based on performance. The study shows the presence of client-patron relations between officers transferred to and from the CCPO post and political elites who controlled these transfers. On the basis of the findings, the following recommendations are made: political will, public participation, separation of power, non-politicization of police departments, societal changes, public awareness and merit-based promotion in order to rectify the situation.
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Ali, Shoukat, und Umair Safdar. „Pre-service competence of agricultural officers (extension) in the Punjab, pakistan: policy implications for eligibility criteria“. International Journal of Agricultural Extension 10, Nr. 3 (30.12.2022): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.010.03.3642.
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Agriculture Officers working in Agriculture Department (Extension) are perceived lacking in professional competencies. One of the root causes of this problem lies in the mismatched eligibility criteria for the post of Agriculture Officer (Extension). The purpose of this paper was to discuss the relevancy of the Extension Agents’ competencies with their job responsibilities for policy implications. The universe of the study was Punjab Province of Pakistan. The cross-sectional design was used for the study. All Agriculture Officers (public extension agents) work in the Agriculture Department (Extension), Government of Punjab were the population of the study. Multistage simple random sampling technique was used for drawing the sample. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from sampling frame by using simple random sampling technique. A desktop study was also conducted to analyze the contents offered to the currently eligible agricultural graduates during their pre-service training at the university level. Results showed that only 3.3% of the respondents had relevant pre-service training. About 58% of the Agriculture Officers (Extension) were not satisfied with their jobs and most of them were thinking to change their jobs. This study has practical implications for Punjab Public Service Commission, Lahore and Agriculture Department (Extension) Government of Punjab, Pakistan in particular. The research theorized that the duties of extension work should only be entrusted to the professionals having per-service training in agricultural extension. Otherwise, the efficiency of the agricultural extension system would be compromised. This is the first study of its kind in which the eligibility criteria of the Agriculture Officers (Extension) have been questioned in the Punjab, Pakistan. The finding and discourse of the study would initiate the debate among stakeholders to place right person for the right job. The materialization of study findings would enhance the efficiency of Agricultural Extension system.
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Glushkova, Irina P. „‘South Asia’: Construction and Deconstruction of Spaces and Institutions. Part I“. Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, Nr. 2 (2023): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024447-8.
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‘South Asia’ in its present meaning was coined in the late 1940s following a reinterpretation of previous approaches to the study of the (ancient) Orient, which proved to be ill-suited under the conditions of the Second World War. The author of the concept was the American Indologist W. Norman Brown (1892–1975) who thus designated almost the entire territory of British India and founded the Department of South Asia Regional Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. This innovation led to the institutionalization of the modern socio-political disciplines essential for the familiarization with the area of the languages studied. Later this model spread to the educational institutions of the New World and reached the Old one. In the mid-1970s, the Chair of History of India, Pakistan, Nepal and Ceylon of the Institute of Countries of Asia and Africa of Moscow State University was renamed the Chair of History of South Asia, and 40 years later several units under the heading of ‘South Asia’ sprang up in several Russian academia. Part I sheds light on Brown’s activities in the US Office of Strategic Services and his contacts with the Institute of Pacific Relations, as well as the US reaction to the launch of the first Soviet satellite, the passage of the US National Defense Education Act, and the ‘cold war’ contest between the US and the USSR in the field of training specialists to be engaged as an instrument of influence on the post-colonial world structure within the South Asian countries.
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Khan, Tahir Hussain, Mukhtar Ibrahim, Ashfaq Hussain Rana, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Afzal und Sharbaz Hussain Khosa. „Comparison of Complications after Tonsillectomy between Conventional Cold Steel Dissections Method and Electrocautery Tonsillectomy Method. A Randomized Controlled Trial“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, Nr. 9 (30.09.2022): 886–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169886.
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Aims: To compare the intra-operative bleeding amount during the tonsillectomy operative procedure by using the monopolar electrocautery method versus the cold steel tonsillar dissector method, and to compare postoperative pain for the initial six hours in both groups. Study design: A randomized controlled trial Place and Duration: Departments of ORL (Otorhinolaryngology) and HNS, Kulsumbai Valika Social Security SITE Hospital, Karachi, and in Social Security Landhi Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021 Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients were selected for this study from the outpatient department of both hospitals and they were divided into two groups equally i.e. those patients who will be operated with monopolar electrocautery, included in group C and those patients who will be operated on with the cold steel dissection method by tonsillar dissector, was in group-D. After receiving written informed consent from the patients they were operated on as the first and second cases in each OT List. Blood loss was measured during the operative procedure and calculated by the number of blood-soaked gauzes and post-operative pain was measured by the VAS pain scale, the house officer, and resident doctors on the floor. Results: Females predominance was observed in this study, Female to a male ratio in Group C was 2:1, and in Group D it was 3:1 The Mean ± Standard Deviation of the ages were 11.75 ± 3.25 yrs. and 14.25 ± 3.70 yrs. in both groups. The mean blood loss during tonsillectomy was 16.70 ± 4.70 ml in Group C and 50.70 ± 30.50 in Group D, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups and the p-value was < 0.05. The mean time duration of tonsillectomy was 14.10 ± 2.5 minutes in Group C and 20.40 ± 3.50 in Group D. Practical implication: Nowadays monopolar electrocautery is used for tonsillectomy because in this method intraoperative bleeding is minimum and operative time is also short Conclusion: Intra-operative bleeding was minimum while tonsillectomy was done by monopolar cautery and postoperative pain was more in this method which was controlled by analgesics. Keywords: tonsillectomy, cold steel dissection, monopolar electrocautery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, PACU
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Ali, Shahbaz, und Samina Ashraf. „Teachers’ Perception regarding Implementation of Quality Assurance Practices at University level in Pakistan“. Spring 2023 3, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.247.
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Exploring the teachers’ perception regarding implementation of quality assurance practices at university level was the aim of the in hand research. The main objective was knowing about teachers’ awareness regarding components of quality assurance and their implementation at departments level in university of the Punjab. It was descriptive research based on cross-sectional survey design in nature by applying quantitative research approach. Population for the present study was comprised all public universities which were situated in Pakistan. Data was gathered from 300 teachers who were working in 36 departments of University of the Punjab who selected by applying purposive sampling technique via self-developed questionnaire. The gathered data was arranged, coded and entered into computer for analysis. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS (V.22) software by applying inferential and descriptive statistics. It was found that majority of the teachers were well aware about written mission statement, quality assurance office at department level, and quality assurance office at university components but minority of them were not aware about quality assurance policy, quality manual, and hold of self-assessment periodically. It is recommended that HEC should advise university to arrange extra seminars, conferences and workshops at department/ institution level to reassure involvement for good practice of teaching and quality assurance practices.
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ZAMAN, Amir, und Riaz AHMAD. „Elementary & Secondary Education Department Mardan, KP Pakistan“. Conflict Studies Quarterly, Nr. 33 (05.10.2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.33.4.
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Afghanistan that remained the epicenter of terrorism and insurgency in the post 9/11 incident, suffered irreparable loss in both human and infrastructure, is now heading towards an era of peace and political stability. The signing of the peace agreement on February 29, 2020 by both the US government and the Taliban is a great development for strengthening democratization and power-sharing among the stakeholders in Afghanistan. However, certain hurdles stand in the way of peace and stability. This paper discusses some of the key areas such as the dilemma of Afghan presidential elections, Pakistan’s controversial role, role of neighboring countries and the Indo-Afghan Nexus. Lacunae in the US-Taliban agreement to the exclusion of the Afghan government in the agreement and the threat of the ISIS are some of the other hurdles in bringing peace and stability in the country. Bargaining among the US and Taliban and the various stakeholders of Afghanistan is the only viable solution to the problem which provides the basis for theoretical framework. Keywords: Peace, Hurdles, Afghanistan, Taliban, US
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Yohanes Susanto. „Performance PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT IN MUSIRAWAS REGENCY OFFICE INDONESIA“. IJHCM (International Journal of Human Capital Management) 6, Nr. 1 (20.07.2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijhcm.06.01.8.
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This study aimed to find out the relationship and influence of competency, commitment, and work motivation on regional finance management in Department of Planning and Finance in Musirawas Regency Office. This study was carried out on 40 employees in Department of Planning and Finance in Musirawas Regency Office. Data were collected by survey method through distributing questionnaires and then processed by SPSS 24 program. This study used ex post facto descriptive analysis. Based on the results, the three variables namely competency, commitment and motivation had a significant and positive influence on performance in the Department of Planning and Finance in Musirawas Regency Office partially and simultaneously. This shows that employees placed in regional financial management are required to have competency, knowledge, skills and understanding in the field of financial accounting.
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Wibowo, Helmi, Riza Pahlevi, Hanif Adhi Yudhitami und Dhi Astuti. „Traffic Light Maintenance Training at The Transportation Office of Kulon Progo Regency“. REKA ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 3, Nr. 2 (03.06.2022): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaelkomika.v3i2.116-123.
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In traffic regulation, Maintenance of Traffic Light Signaling Devices (APILL) is a competency that must be possessed by every employee of the Department of Transportation, so that every APILL at road intersections is able to regulate the speed of vehicles in an orderly manner. The method used was to provide education and training to employees of the Kulonprogo Department of Transportation for 5 (five) days. To measure the level of understanding of the training participants, pre-test and post-test were conducted. The average value of pre-test and post-test was 68 and 83 with an average increase of 16%. The conclusion of the APILL Maintenance Training at the Transportation Office of Kulon Progo Regency is said to be successful as indicated by the increase of the post test scores of all training participants. This shows the training participants understand the material well.
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Badejo, Babafemi A. „Bhutto and the Ppp'S Socialism?“ India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 44, Nr. 3-4 (Juli 1988): 240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848804400304.
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It is not unusual for many a government in post-colonial states to tag themselves “socialist.” One such government was that of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in Pakisian. Not only did Bhutto acquire the nomenclature Quaid-i-Awam which in Pakistani parlance implies leader of the masses, the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) which he led maintained a socialist posture in and out of government. Our intent in this paper is to undertake a review of Bhutto and the PPP's emergence in Pakistan, as well as the policy performance of Bhutto while in office. Consequent upon such a review, we intend to posit that Bhutto's rise to power was a result of infra-factional struggle within the propertied classes in Pakistan. And that socialism was merely expedient for such a struggle.
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Qaisar, Shahzad, Muhammad Zubair Iqbal und Muhammad Shoaib Malik. „Pakistan- US Relations in Elite Press (2012-2013)“. Global Regional Review VII, Nr. I (30.03.2022): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2022(vii-i).12.
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Pakistan-USA relations have witnessed many ups and downs throughout the history of their interaction. The elite press on both sides played an important role in shaping and re-shaping attitudes,policies, and public opinion over various bilateral and regional issues. Post 9/11 situation expanded the part of the press on both sides due to war on terror cooperation and subsequent developments. Regime changes in America or Pakistan are often perceived as a harbinger of new policy shifts with anticipations of a new era of bilateral relations. The last year of the PPP government in Pakistan witnessed re-election of Barack Obama for the second term, but Pakistan's upcoming elections were more speculative interms of office holder and the party. The scholar are divided about the role of the elite press in policy making and influencing the policy-making process through their content and issue projection.But the press on both sides published their approaches through editorials over a number of issues that could be major component of the upcoming government's policy-making process. War on terror,political discourse, religion, and politics remained choices for editorials for Daily Dawn and Washington Post during that period of time.
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Rajeswari, M. „A Study of Customer Preferences of Recurring Deposits in Post Offices over Banks“. Asian Social Science 13, Nr. 7 (23.06.2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n7p103.
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The study aims to understand the recurring deposit scheme of post office & the allied services along with the customer satisfaction level towards recurring deposits. The study also paves way to identify the areas which require improvement. The critical success factors are also identified in the study. Comparative analysis of the recurring deposit in post office and banks will enable the post office employees to identify their key differentiating factors and also help them to retain and expand their base of the recurring deposit holders. Multiple choice questions have been chosen to collect the responses from 100 recurring deposit holders. Convenience sampling method is employed in the research work. The data collected is analyzed through various statistical tools like Karl Pearson’s Correlation and One-way Anova test. Suggestions given in the study will help the postal department to retain and attract new recurring deposit account holders.
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Ellis, Ryan. „Disinfecting the Mail: Disease, Panic, and the Post Office Department in Nineteenth-Century America“. Information & Culture 52, Nr. 4 (November 2017): 436–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/ic52403.
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Ishaque, Sadia, Beenish Syed, Saima Akhter, Talha Safeer, Yousra Mansoor, Shahroz Khawaja, Mursala Kashif und Noureen Durrani. „Post Discharge Outcome of COVID 19 Cases Reported from Pakistan“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, Nr. 10 (30.10.2021): 2611–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115102611.
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Aim: To characterize the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients following discharge from the hospital. Study design: Prospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Infectious Diseases, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from 1st May to 31st August 2020. Methodology: Ninety six patients were included, age over 23 years and had a confirmed COVID-19 on PCR. At the time of admission and on discharge, in-hospital data were recorded. The demographic information, symptoms, complete blood count, inflammatory markers, and chest X-ray noted. Results: Diabetes (50%) and Ischemic heart disease (50%) were the most frequent comorbidities. The majority of patients (75%) improved their X-ray findings after being discharged from the hospital. At the time of discharge, 75% of the patients expressed fatigue; none of the patients developed a fever. There was a substantial significant difference in tiredness reported at discharge and in the fourth week. Significant variations in shortness of breath and oxygen consumption were also found between tiredness indicated at discharge and the fourth week. The majority of lab values were within normal limits. Conclusion: Most patients gradually improved after receiving appropriate treatment and supportive care in the hospital and later at home. The most prevalent and prolonged symptom reported by most patients was fatigue. By the fourth week, most symptoms had ameliorated significantly. Keywords: SARS-CoV2, Clinical outcome, Fatigue, COVID-19 follow-up
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Mandal, Ram Krishna. „Development of Information Technology in North-East India with Special Reference to Arunachal Pradesh (Regarding Post Office and Telecommunication)“. Journal of Global Economy 3, Nr. 4 (31.12.2007): 227–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v3i4.139.
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The Post and Telegraph Department was created by the British administration as an adjunct to effective administrative control over Indian people. The department was run on the cost-benefit consideration. However, it was also established ‘to serve the people’ (those who could afford to). The department was rather slow in adopting new technological innovations. But it did increase its network to the length and breadth of the country and with the dawn of independence, the department was geared to the cause of the national priorities and programmes. As a government department, it slowly turned out to be one of the biggest employers of unskilled and semi-skilled persons. With the massive emphasis on rural development and overall demand for social transformation, the department did try to modernize itself technologically to meet the ever increasing demands on it. As a whole this modernization phase in the department is largely based on technological transfer. No serious efforts are being made to ask whether the technological transfer fits in the national policy of self-reliance. In fact, its adoption is based on the principle of trickling down benefits from the top and what is known as technological diffusion. So far North Eastern region in general and Arunachal Pradesh in particular is concerned, it is not only inaccessible from transport, communication and telecommunication point of view, but it is also economically at subsistence level. By tradition, the vital resources - land, water, forest and even minerals are controlled by the community, in which technological investment is minimal. The paper explores historical development to present scenario.
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Lobo, Charles. „A Case for Improving Postal Security in the Department of Posts, India“. Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2020): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120983073.
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The term ‘postal security’ as used here broadly refers to the measures taken by the Post Organization (Department or Company) for the safe transmission of letters and parcels of the customers from the origin to its destination. It refers to measures to protect letters and parcels from untrustworthy employees and other criminal elements. The safety and security of postal property can also be added under this definition. This article attempts to examine the postal security aspects from a narrow scope limited to the postal articles in transmission by post. It does not cover safety measures to protect postal property or banking frauds. The focus is on the customer and the protection of his consignments entrusted to the post office for transmission.
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Finnegan, Sean. „Basic bank accounts: financial inclusion at a price?“ Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 11, Nr. 1 (Februar 2003): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/rxcd2078.
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The Department for Work and Pensions has stressed its aim to increase financial inclusion by making bank accounts accessible to all, and estimates that 2.5 million people will gain access to banking services. Benefit claimants have already started to receive a copy of the Financial Services Authority (FSA) leaflet ‘No bank account’ with renewal claim packs, and details are provided of 13 major banks that are offering basic accounts (for an up-to-date list, see www.fsa.gov.uk/consumer). Furthermore, a dozen main high street banks and building societies last year signed contracts with the Post Office to provide access to basic bank accounts at local Post Office branches from April 2003 (DWP Press Release, 11 October 2002).
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Farley, Dana, Carman Leone und Caroline Palmer. „Building Successful Partnerships Between State Health Departments and Attorney General Offices: The Minnesota Example“. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 52, S1 (2024): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2024.37.
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AbstractIn recent years, the Minnesota Attorney General’s Office and the Minnesota Department of Health have cultivated a productive partnership to strengthen the state’s multidisciplinary response to overlapping health equity and social justice issues. This article describes shared efforts in three areas: post-conviction justice, drug overdose, and human trafficking/exploitation.
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Seraj, Sultan-Mahmood. „Post-Pandemic Telehealth: An Unhealthy Privacy Prescription“. Global Privacy Law Review 3, Issue 4 (01.11.2022): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gplr2022024.
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The COVID-19 pandemic catapulted the use of telehealth services across the United States (US). In response to the public health emergency, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR) at the US Department for Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a notice relaxing privacy and security safeguards outlined in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). During the past two years, several novel legal issues have arisen due to these lenient standards. The US government has not adequately considered standardizing rules for remote telehealth consultations and regulating the flow of sensitive patient data in a post-COVID world. This article addresses key legal issues associated with telehealth services while recommending national standards to mitigate physician liability while prioritizing patient care.
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Khan, Zubair Ahmad, Omer Nasim, Zeinab Hussain und Jamil Ahmad. „INTESTINAL MALROTATION IN 35 YEAR OLD WOMEN FROM PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN“. GJMS Vol 17, No.4, Oct-Dec 2019 17, Nr. 4 (31.12.2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46903/gjms/17.04.2097.
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Thirty five years old women presented to the Accident and Emergency Department with acute onset right upper quadrant abdominal pain with normal vitals. CT images revealed a malrotation causing midgut volvulus and intestinal obstruction. On emergency exploratory laparotomy, the gut loops showed partial ischemia due to a double twist at the root of mesentery and malrotation of the gut along with the caecum which was mobile coming from left iliac fossa and lying in the right iliac fossa. Duodeno-jejunal junction was identified. The coils of the intestine were untwisted and rotation was corrected. The gut color changed back to normal. She was discharged painless after routine post-operative care.
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Mughal, Arsalan Manzoor, und Muhammad Umar. „Evolution of Post Graduate Curricula in Pakistan“. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 25, Nr. 4 (13.01.2022): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v25i4.1884.
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Postgraduate medical training started with the apprenticeship model. This system heavily relied on tradition and subjectivity. In the middle of the 20th century, there was a gradual shift to an objective-based structure which had its roots in the works of Ralph Tyler and Benjamin Bloom. As a result, the curriculum became focused on predefined objectives in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains. This drive was aimed to standardize the learning criteria across various centers and align the tools for assessment for postgraduate medical students.1In our country, the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan (CPSP) has been the main center of postgraduate medical education since its inception in 1962. With both local and foreign-trained faculty members, it was one of the first centers to start training in Medical Education in collaboration with the World Health Organization in 1979.2 Various supervisor workshops and certifications by the Department of Medical Education helped equip the faculty with the tools required for curricular development.3 Thus new curricula in each discipline were developed and were called “structured training programs”. They were based on the objective approach and largely focused on summative assessments with very few formative assessments.4In the last two decades, new evidence and methods of postgraduate teaching and assessment have evolved in the west.5 Due to technological enhancements in patient care and vast development in the scientific pool of medical knowledge, there was a demand to define outcome-based competencies that strongly align with the demands of the workplace. As a result, competency-based curriculum models were developed which “de-emphasized time-based training and promised greater accountability, flexibility, and learner-centeredness”.1 CANMEDS (Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists) and ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) are two of the most popular systems having a competency-based framework which has been developed and successfully implemented in North America.Competency-based programs differ from objective-based ones in the fact that instead of prescribing how to teach or learn, they focus on the demonstration of various competencies required for practice. A competency-based curriculum must exhibit “teacher-learner relationship and responsibility, workplace-based assessment approach, alignment of competencies with criterion-referenced assessment, and flexible training duration”. 6 The system focuses on the attainment of competencies by the trainee to determine readiness for unsupervised practice rather than the length of their training.The structure of a competency-based curriculum is not based solely on objectives but rather uses defined Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) which align the teaching and assessment at the workplace with the competency frameworks. Another key aspect of this curricular structure is milestones which are based on the skill development framework of Dreyfus and Dreyfus.1 Both these key elements ensure that the trainee has attained the desired level of clinical skill to practice.The teaching of these competencies is often done in a workplace setting. Assessments employ Work Place Based Assessment (WPBA) tools such as Directly Observed Procedural Skills (DOPS) for procedural skills, Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercises (Mini-CEX), and Chart Based Recall (CBR) for clinical reasoning skills and 360-degree feedback for professionalism, interpersonal and communication skills. The system also caters to the extent of differential achievement of learners by offering targeted help to trainees in form of regular formative feedback which is an essential component of WPBAs.7As with other, in vogue ideas of medical education, the College of Surgeons and Physicians Pakistan was the first to develop a competency-based curricular framework nearly a decade ago. It was centered on patient care and involved professionalism, pedagogy, and advocacy as essential competencies to be acquired by the specialists.4,8 One key area where the CPSP fellowship program has developed since then is the development of portfolios 9 in the form of an electronic log (e-log) system for regular monitoring of training. The e-log system also includes reflections by supervisors and trainees which is a step in the right direction.10 Other technological solutions such as learning management systems, mobile applications, simulation, and social media if added could further enhance student learning and engagement.11,12 A close inspection of the current fellowship and membership structured training programs of CPSP reveals that despite the claim of running a competency-based framework, none of the key features of this system like defined EPAs, milestones, and WPBA strategies exist. Also, there is a lack of curricular alignment with the core competencies. So, it is difficult to consider it as a competency-based framework of postgraduate medical education in a true sense.Other medical universities in the country have relatively recently developed their Master of Surgery (MS) and Doctor of Medicine (MD) curricula. Wide variations exist in their induction, teaching & learning, assessment, and evaluation criteria. Also, limited literature is available to study their curricular structural design. Instead of adopting the new competency-based framework, most have chosen to retain the archaic objective-based curricular model. Unfortunately, with no guidelines from the nascent Pakistan Medical Commission, most programs tend to evolve in the light of the Higher Education Commission’s curriculum recommendations which are based on the older objective-based approach.13Rawalpindi Medical University right from its inception had the vision to develop a University Residency Program for post-graduate studies in Medicine, Surgery, and allied disciplines based on ACGME competency-based curriculum. Under this program, we train hundreds of trainees with regular monitoring via workplace-based assessment and 360-degree feedback forms. These are evaluated by the Quality Enhancement Cell in 6 monthly cycles with feedback provided to the trainees, supervisors, and administration. The trainee is also required to log cases and activities with reflections in their logbooks. Each clinical case is also added to their online portal for record and evaluation. These regular formative tools with monitoring and feedback help the trainee assess their weaknesses, supervisors plan their trainee's progress and administration take decisions for improvement. Formative assessments are done at the end of each year comprising of MCQ, SAQ, and OSCE formats. At the end of the program, a comprehensive summative assessment is also conducted to certify competence.Nine years ago, Wasim Jafri14 wrote that “The competency-based model provides an exceptional opportunity for Pakistani postgraduate medical institutes”. We believe that today Rawalpindi Medical University is a pioneer among the medical sector universities in providing this excellent opportunity to its trainees and supports other partnering universities in developing competency-based curricula.
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Forma, Felicia, Tyler Knight, Francis Thorndike, Ray Xiong, Rebecca Baik, Yuri Maricich, Fulton Velez und Daniel Malone. „0480 Reduction in health care-related costs after initiation of treatment with a prescription digital therapeutic for chronic insomnia: two-year follow up analysis of health care claims data“. Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (25.05.2022): A212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.477.
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Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the first FDA-authorized prescription digital therapeutic (PDT) for adults with chronic insomnia that delivers evidence-based treatment (Somryst, previously called SHUTi). FDA considers PDTs to be prescription-only neurobehavioral devices that provide a computerized version of condition-specific behavioral therapy as an adjunct to clinician supervised outpatient treatment. Methods A pre/post multi-payer analysis of claims data was conducted, comparing two-year pre- and post-index healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in an all-comer population of patients with self-identified sleep problems across the United States who activated the PDT between February 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018 (Index). HCRU categories assessed were: hospitalizations, treat-and-release emergency department (ED) visits, ambulatory surgical center (ASC) visits, hospital outpatient department (HOPD) visits, office visits, number of sleep medication prescriptions, and associated health care costs. Costs were estimated by multiplying HCRU by published average costs for each medical resource. Results 252 patients initiating the PDT were analyzed (mean age 54.2 years, 57.5% female). Compared to the pre-index period, post-index events were reduced for ED (-56.2%; P=0.001), hospitalizations (-20.9%; P=0.4), sleep medication use (-8.9%; P=0. 0.377), HOPD (-8.3%; P=0.522), and ASC (-6.7%; P=0.695). Post-index events were slightly increased for office visits (+0.7%; P=0.891). Total estimated two-year cost savings associated with the reduced rates of all services except office visits was $494,634, or $1,963 per patient. Conclusion In a real-world cohort of patients with self-identified sleep problems, treatment with a PDT delivering digital CBT-I was associated with clinically meaningful net reductions in health-related services and associated costs. Support (If Any) This analysis was funded by Pear Therapeutics, Inc.
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Atta, Ali Imran, Taimoor Akbar Chaudhury und Mustansar Abbas. „Taliban Annexation of Kabul and the End of US Involvement: Opportunities and Challenges for Islamabad“. Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices 4, Nr. 4 (31.12.2023): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61503/cissmp.v2i4.100.
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Since the middle of the 1990s, Pakistan and the Taliban have maintained a positive relationship. Pakistan's aggressive actions as Afghanistan's eastern neighbor have contributed to the Taliban's recent takeover. After the Afghan government left office, there was a rise in anti-Pakistan sentiment. It is likely that India will end its structural presence and turn its borders against Pakistan. This study seeks to offer a thorough analysis of the effects of Pakistan's post-Taliban rule in Afghanistan. Pakistan is in a precarious position as a result of Afghanistan's quickly changing scenario and worries that terrorist bloodshed would increase if the Taliban are unable to unite other Afghan ethnicity and political parties to form a strong and stable government. For stability and peace in the region, Afghanistan must be stable as the peaceful, prosperous and stable Afghanistan ensures the collective security and stability of a whole South Asia and in particular, Pakistan. Moreover, the study put emphasis on the fact that Indian unnecessary involvement in Afghanistan is acting as a trouble maker to bring peace and stability in Afghanistan. Under the Taliban regime it is more likely that Indian involvement in Afghanistan will be minimized. Secondly when it comes to the geopolitical competition, international powers, in particular China and America will need to act wisely in the international affairs of South Asia.
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Haberland, Nina. „Desiring the state: Social welfare and kinship in post-socialist Tanzania“. Critique of Anthropology 43, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2023): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x231216252.
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Every day, from Monday to Friday, women, men, and children sit on the uncomfortable benches outside the Tanzanian social welfare office and wait patiently for hours to meet with a welfare officer. There are mothers claiming alimony payments, fathers seeking visiting rights, quarrelling spouses, minors with legal problems, and families disputing inheritances. Most are ineligible for benefits, so this article asks why they nonetheless accept state practices of subordination like waiting. Based on case studies from 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Department of Health in a northern district of Tanzania, I argue that queuing outside the welfare office signifies a ‘desire for the state’ as proposed by Street. To understand this desire, I explore the relationship between welfare clients and the state using the lens of post-socialism, specifically Verdery’s concept of ‘socialist paternalism’. This article explores kinship, the state, and the negotiation of responsibility in relation to the paternalistic images of the state reproduced by the ruling party, and argues that welfare clients appropriate these in search of care, advice, and guidance to address family and kin-related crises.
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Hussain, Khalid, Maria Tariq, Ali Umair Tariq, Bilal Ahmed, Bilal Akhtar und Jawad Ahmed. „An Experience of Supine PCNL in Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan“. Global Drug Design & Development Review VIII, Nr. II (30.06.2023): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2023(viii-ii).07.
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A prospective analytical study was conducted at the Urology Department of Gujranwala Teaching Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023. The aim was to experience the safety & efficacy of supine PCNL performed at tertiary care hospital at Gujranwala which is being performed in few centers in Pakistan. A total of 98 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were included in the study. The majority of patients presented with flank pain. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 67 cases, and 31 patients became stone-free after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Post-operative complications were minimal, with only two cases of sepsis and 10 cases of post-operative fever. No mortality was reported during the study. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was found to be the preferred treatment option for renal stones larger than 20mm, offering a high stone-free rate and low complication rates. Further advancements in treatment modalities may help reduce complications and improve outcomes.
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., Avinash, Abubakar Sheikh, Muhammad Ali, Saqib Rashid, Gulrukh Atkary und Hussain Atkary. „Post-Operative Pain Intensity After Using Different Instrumentation Techniques for Canal Preparation“. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, Nr. 6 (29.12.2022): 1937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i6.5743.
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Objective: To measure the intensity of post-operative pain after using two techniques for root canal treatment.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
Place of Study and Duration: Operative Dentistry Department, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi Pakistan, from May to Oct 2019.
Methodology: The study was conducted on 60 patients referred to the Department of Endodontic, Fatima Jinnah Dental College. Enrolled patients were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) using the sealed envelope technique. Two different root canal file systems were used to assess the post-operative pain intensity in both groups.
Results: The post-operative pain intensity considerably decreased in both groups. The difference between the rotational and reciprocal techniques was found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.86) in the 6 hours (p=0.73) and 24 hours’ periods (p=0.147) between the instrumentation techniques. However, pain experienced in the 48 hours was statistically different between the two groups (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Post-operative pain is a consequence of both instrumentation techniques, which should be thoroughly investigated and assessed.Keywords: Instrumentation, Post-operative pain, Pro-taper, Root canal treatment, Wave-one.
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Rome, Sultan i. „Women’s Right To Land Ownership In Swat State Areas The Swat State Era And The Post-State Scenario“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 1, Nr. 1 (08.03.2008): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v1i1.259.
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This paper presents a study of riwaj (customary law) in the traditional society of the present-day Provincially Administered Tribal Areas (PATA) of the North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Under riwaj only males could own land; women had no right to inherit land. During the Swat State era (1915-1969), on the whole, the traditional practice remained the law of inheritance and ownership of land under which the women folk were not entitled to inherit. However, during the reign of Miangul Jahanzeb in some cases the women were given the right to inherit and own land. The pattern of land ownership remained the same, in general, after the merger of the state in 1969. In this scenario, The West Pakistan Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962 (W. P. Act V of 1962), with exception to the proviso of section 3 and 7, was extended to the area on 15 January 1976. Although extension of The West Pakistan Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1962, brought no practical change for the time being, its extension along with the land settlement carried out by the provincial revenue department, in most of the study area, were destined to bring the required change.
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Saleem, Amna, Bilal Ahmed, Sajid Ali Shah, Fahim Ahmed Subhani, Ammara Ayub und Saba Afzal Shiekh. „Comparison of Effects of LED Phototherapy with Compact Fluorescent Phototherapy in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia“. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 73, Nr. 2 (14.04.2023): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i2.6824.
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Objective: To compare the mean post-treatment bilirubin level with light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy versus compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) phototherapy in neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia
Study Design: Comparative prospective study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan to Dec 2019.
Methodology: Hundred children fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recuited in the study from Emergency Department. Then neonates were divided into two groups. In Group-A, neonates underwent phototherapy with LED; in Group-B, neonates underwent phototherapy with conventional phototherapy. Then neonates were followed up in the neonatal intensive care unit for 24 hours. Pre and post-treatment reports were assessed, and bilirubin level was noted.
Results: In Group-A, the mean age of neonates was 49.12±23.42 hours, while in Group-B was 38.70±15.42 hours. In Group-A, the mean Bilirubin level at baseline was 13.64±5.98 gm/dl and in Group-B was 15.88±5.44 gm/dl. In Group-A, the mean Bilirubin level after 24 hours was 8.47±4.96 gm/dl and in Group-B was 9.538±5.35 gm/dl. In both groups, no significant difference in the mean bilirubin level was observed after 24 hours (p-value=0.30).
Conclusion: Light-emitting diode phototherapy and compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy are equally effective in a mean reduction in the total serum bilirubin after 24 hours.
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Bharti, Rahul, und Sonia Sharma. „Guest Preferences And Future Challenges In The Post Covid-19 Scenario- An Exploratory Study Of Hotel Front Office Department“. PUSA Journal of Hospitality and Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 1 (03.04.2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/pjhas.2023.9.1.6.
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Background:The hospitality industry is recovering, evolving, and adapting itself in the post COVID-19 era through innovative and sustainable practices backed by the use of technology in entire hotel operations. The hotel Front Office department is no exception in utilizing these evolved practices to understand and influence the customer behaviour while exploring all possible measures to enhance the overall guest stay experience in the post- COVIDtimes. The Front Office department plays a vital role in the passage of accurate and timely information required for flawless guest management in the hotels. Throughout the COVID-19 period, the Front Office practices have evolved through different stages depending upon the factors such as guest preferences, safety and security measures, hygienic conditions, sustainability and use of technology. Objectives: The major objectives are to study the post COVID-19 Hotel guest preferences of non-star category hotels with respect to changing scenario in the Hospitality Industry, to analyse the gaps between hotel guest expectations and perceptions in service quality with special mention of the front office department and to highlight the future challenges faced by hotel industry and suggest possible measured to overcome these challenges. Methodology: Hybrid research approach has been adopted in this study. Grounded theory in qualitative research approach with interview and semi-structured questionnaires are the data collection tools. Survey method with structured questionnaire are quantitative data collection tools. Collected data were analysed through content and thematic tools for qualitative data and quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics (Mean, SD, percentage) and paired t-test as an inferential statistical tool has been applied in this study for conclusion purpose. Results: Result indicates negative as Expected value – perceived value = - (negative). Conclusion: It is concluded that hotel-guests' are not satisfied as provided facilities are not as per guests' expectation. This study gives overview of guests' expectation. It helps hoteliers for modification of hotel's facilities for the guest. The limitation of the study is that the study is conducted in NCR only. Hotels of the same category in the other cities/town may be conducted for getting actual scenario of the phenomena of the hotels. In addition, the study proposes that hotels should adjust their room and service pricing to reflect the reduced demand during the COVID era. Furthermore, the hotel industry will face ongoing challenges, and hotels must be adaptable to remain competitive. By embracing new technologies, providing distinctive experiences, and implementing sustainable practices, hotels can overcome these challenges and flourish in the years ahead.
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Sultan, Muhammad Faisal, Mehwish Jabeen und Ali Raza Qureshi. „Estimating The Resultant of Office Design of Employee Performance: Evidence from Employees From NADRA“. Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS ) 4, Nr. 1 (27.04.2020): 60–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2020.04011020.
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Office ergonomics is treated as one of the two most important factors along with work environment. Although there are several studies on both factors but most of the studies are found to be focusing on elements from both factors simultaneously. Therefore, there is a requirement of research work which might focus on these two elements separately. Hence this is the study which is intensively focusing on impact of office design elements on employee performance with reference to NADRA, Karachi. The reason behind selection of NADRA as the point of reference for data collection is the study of as study of Jaffri (2015), indicated the severe lacking office design elements in NADRA, Pakistan. Although prior study was not done on extensively upon managerial level employees, neither it has detailed inventory of variables. Therefore, legitimate to declare the current study is one of the pervasive one and use of SMART PLS is also making the study unique in comparison to any other done in this domain. Results of the study are significantly different from the study conducted in 2015 and thus it is legitimate to induce post-positivism as the philosophical stance with this study.
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Lubna tahir, Aysha bibi, Kiran Jamshed, Sumaria Yasmin, Seema Amin und Nuzhat Amin. „Obstetric Outcomes Of Teenage Pregnancy Vs. Non-Teenage Pregnancy Patients.“ Pakistan journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 1, Nr. 01 (04.02.2023): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.69837/pjammr.v1i01.8.
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Background:Teenage pregnancies contribute substantially to global health hazards, particularly in places like Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Where social and economic conditions conspire to make unions between spouses early and their childbearing follows soon after. Despite initiatives to tackle this problem, restricted examination exists on the obstetric effects of adolescent pregnancies in this territory Objective This retrospective study analyzed obstetric outcomes and complications between teenage mothers aged 14 to 18 and older mothers aged 19 to 36 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The aim was to compare risks between the two groups. Study design: a retrospective study. Place and duration of study. Department of Gynecology D.H.Q. Hospital Timarghra from 05 march 2021 to 05 February 2022 Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in kpk, Pakistan, from Department of Gynecology D.H.Q. Hospital Timarghra from 05 march 2021 to 05 February 2022 all 14-18-year-olds who gave birth in the two hospitals had obstetric outcomes compared to non- adolescent women (19-36). chi-square and students' t-tests were used with a 0.05significance level. Results: out Of the 910 births, 128 (14.1%) non-teenage moms, teenage mothers had higher rates of serious anaemia (7.5 vs 4.1%), chorioamnionitis (2.6 vs 0.6%), and post-maturity (4.6 vs 1.8%) and meconium inhalation syndrome (6.5 vs 2.4%), respectively. Teenagers were less prone than adults to be overweight. Instrumental deliveries are more common in teenagers (7.1% vs 2.2%, p 0.01). Preterm birth, low birth weight babies, rds, and neonatal and foetal deaths did not vary substantially between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that teenage pregnancies are associated with a higher risk of severe anaemia, chorioamnionitis, post maturity and meconium aspiration syndrome compared to non-teenage pregnancies. Preterm delivery, low birth weight infant, R.D.S., and fetal and perinatal death were not significantly different between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that teenage mothers need to be provided with appropriate obstetric care to reduce their risk of poor outcomes. Keywords: obstetric, outcomes, teenage, non-teenage, pregnancy, a retrospective study, Pakistan
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Farooqi, Yasmin N. „Depression and Anxiety in Mastectomy Cases“. Illness, Crisis & Loss 13, Nr. 3 (Juli 2005): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105413730501300306.
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The present research evaluated depression and anxiety in patients undergoing mastectomy during their pre-surgical and post surgical phases. A Pre-Post Research Design was used. Sample consisted of 50 married mastectomy patients, selected from the Surgery Department of Mayo Hospital, Hameed Latif Hospital and Jinnah Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Each subject was individually administered Depression Scale and Anxiety Check-List twice; that is: 1–7 days before and 1–7 days after surgery. The mastectomy patients showed greater depression and anxiety ( t = 1.68; df = 48; * p < 0.05) in the pre-surgical phase as compared to their post surgical phase probably due to the emphasis on body image and long-term psychosocial and sexual conflicts associated with the loss of this organ.
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Shafiq, Nadia, Aqsa Batool, Israr Ahmed und Junaid Shafiq. „Body Safety Training Program for Children with Disabilities; A Case Study of Department of Special Education Punjab Pakistan“. Journal of Policy Research 10, Nr. 2 (01.06.2024): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/02.00228.
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The current study aimed to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention training program to increase personal body safety skills in children having intellectual, hearing, visual or physical disability. A quasi-experimental design with Within-subject was used in which participants were compared on pre-test and post-test. A sample of 40 participants (n=20 boys, n=20 girls), age range 06-19, attended 8-week training were taken purposively. Personal Body Safety Training Program was used as school-based program which delivered the child sexual abuse prevention knowledge and self-protection school-based What If’ Situations Test used as pre and post result measure. The ‘What If’ Situations Test (WIST-III-R) contains six scales designed to assess children’s abilities to recognize, resist, and report inappropriate touching. Paired sample t test, independent t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The Results showed that by attending such programs, children with disabilities could increase their knowledge of personal safety skills and apply this knowledge in their day-to-day lives. Results showed significant differences between pre and post scores of participants after undergoing the Personal Body Safety Training Program. Moreover, a significant difference was found between participants disability wise in pretest and posttest scores but there was no significant difference observed between boys and girls. The study inculcated that the training contributed positively to the children’s sense of personal space and reporting skills.
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Bashir, Noman, Qurat ul Ain, Noor-E. Karim, Hafsa Niazi, Muhammad Ibrahim Khan und Areej Khan Asghar. „Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Role of Spirituality Amongst Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients in Pakistan“. Life and Science 5, Nr. 1 (15.01.2024): 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.440.
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Objective: This study examined the levels of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in pediatric cancer caregivers and the impact of spirituality on PTSD in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar, Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad and Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2023 to March 2023.Methods: The study comprised 153 Caregivers of pediatric cancer patients aged One month –12 Years using convenience sampling. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and Caregiver's Spirituality Scale (CSS-10) were used to collect data. Results: Results of the study found that 81 caregivers (52.94%) had high PTSD, and 96 (62.74%) had high spirituality. Females reported higher PTSD and spirituality than guys. Graduates have more PTSD and spirituality than illiterates and matriculate. PTSD and spirituality had a negative Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Conclusion: The study emphasizes spirituality as a caregiver's mental health protector. Healthcare practitioners caring for pediatric cancer patients can use the findings to lessen PTSD symptoms by targeting caregivers' spiritual needs. Convenience sampling and self-report measurements decrease generalizability. Future study is needed to investigate the association between PTSD and spirituality in caregivers of pediatric cancer patients.How to cite this: Bashir N, Ain Q, Karim N, Niazi H, Khan MI, Asghar AK. Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Role of Spirituality Amongst Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients in Pakistan. Life and Science. 2024; 5(1): 33-40. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.440
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Fatima, Surhan, Shazia Abro und Rida Hussain. „Post Covid-19 Pandemic Experience of Architecture Students in Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan“. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 8, Nr. 2 (30.06.2022): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v8i2.2339.
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Purpose: This paper deals with the educational experience of the students of the architecture department at Mehran University of engineering and technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan during the peak covid-19 pandemic when everyone was working remotely from their homes, etc. This paper shows that when there was the first peak COvid-19 wave from mid-march to August 2020, how do students die with the sudden change in learning patterns from physical classes to online classes?
Methodology: A questionnaire was designed which was then filled by the students of the architecture department. The questionnaire dealt with different questions regarding the experience of remotely learning architecture. The students showed they were very uncertain about the online classes that they took during peak Covid-19(coronavirus),
Findings: Some students were satisfied from the online system whereas many of them were not satisfied with it at all. This paper proves that learning architecture online is a little bit difficult when it comes to study about practical/studio work, whereas theoretical classes can be, teach online very well.
Value:These findings will be helpful for the educational institutes for the future and can provide a good value to work more productive for online education.
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Zaidi, S. Akbar Abbas, P. Rani Harjani, M. Mubeen Arshad, S. Z. Abbas Zaidi, Rajesh Kumar und S. Suresh Hotchandani. „Investigation of Knowledge and Practices Managing Traumatic dental injuries among dental Professionals“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, Nr. 7 (26.07.2021): 1617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571617.
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Background: The rise in prevalence and complications associated with dental traumatic injuries among Pakistani population is considered a topic of discussion at International Association of Dental Traumatology nowadays. Understanding the multifactorial etiology, therapeutic techniques and choosing management approaches are vital to dental traumatic injuries. Aim: To assess the knowledge, qualification and practices followed by dental professionals from a tertiary healthcare centers based in Sindh Pakistan. Methodology: The study population of this cross-sectional descriptive study comprised of dental care providers attending the seminar on World Oral Health Day at Bibi Aseefa Dental College, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of two parts; demographic and knowledge about management of trauma was administered to participants on 20 March 2021. The detailed demographic details of research participants were collected and further analyzed by using SPSS 20 and MS Office 2010 tools. Results: Out of total 134 participants, 40(29.9%) were males while, 94(70.1%) were females with mean age of 24.314.088. Among them 45(33.6%) were undergraduate dental students; in them 4(8.9%) were in 1st year dental students, 17(37.8%) in 2nd year, 10(22.2%) in 3rd year and 14(31.1%) were in final year of their undergraduate studies. 31(23.1%) were house officers, 19(14.2%) were post graduate residents and 39(29.1%) were general dental practitioners (GDP). Conclusion: Lack of qualified dental experts with post-residency trainings dealing dental traumatic complexity in Sindh Pakistan is considered a major underlying associated with heightened case rates of pediatric dental injuries. Keywords: tooth injuries, Dentists, Restorative, Pediatric
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Muzzammil, Muhammad, Muhammad Saeed Minhas, Jahanzeb Effendi, Syed Jahanzeb, Muhammad Ovais, Azeem Jamil, Ayesha Mughal und Abdul Qadir. „The New Age of Trauma Resuscitation – Introducing Tranexamic Acid in an Accident & Emergency Department in Karachi Pakistan“. Trauma International 5, Nr. 1 (2019): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/ti.2019.v05i01.077.
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Background: In traumatic patients there is increase loss of blood and requires excessive blood transfusion as compared to other diseases. Clinical efficacy and clinical safety of tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss assess during this study in post traumatic patients. Method: Prospectively conducted randomized doubleblind placebo controlled study carried out. Patients were blindly randomized into two groups to receive either intravenous 1gm tranexamic acid 20 min or similar volume of 0.9% saline as placebo (P). Inclusion criteria was based on pulse rate >110 per min or systolic pressure level <90mmHg, hemorrhage or in danger of serious hemorrhage.Patients’ total blood loss was measured, needs of transfusion and hospital stay recorded. The post traumatic hemoglobin, hematocrit values, serum creatinine, activated thromboplastin time, prothombin time, platelets count and pulmonary embolism symptoms were comparatively evaluated. Results: The total measured blood loss in tranexamic acid group (276 ± 53 mL) when comparing to control group (523 ± 74 mL) was less significantly. The requirement of blood transfusion in comparison was high in the control group and post traumatic hematocrit values were higher with in the tranexamic acid group. After administration of tranexamic acid in traumatic patients there have been no clinically relevant differences within the vital signs and no thromboembolic complications were detected in either group. Conclusion: In traumatic patients, the prophylactic usage of tranexamic acid has effectively decreased blood loss, transfusion needs and hospital stay without any complication or adverse effects of thrombosis. Thus, TXA can be used safely and effectively in trauma subjects. Keywords: trauma, tranexamic acid, blood loss, transfusion, hospital stay.
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Rahman, Atiya, Tehseen Naveed, Sumeera Zulfiqar, Aisha Akhtar, Andaleeb Hamid und Nadia Iftikhar. „PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION WITH THE QUALITY OF DERMATOLOGY CONSULTATION OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF PAKISTAN“. PAFMJ 71, Nr. 3 (30.06.2021): 904–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.5746.
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Objective: To determine the satisfaction rate of dermatology patients, after purposefully improving the consultation skills of residents.
Study Design: Mix-method study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Jan to Sep 2020,
Methodology: Empathy informed curriculum was delivered by the consultants and senior registrar prior to the conduction of study as well as an ongoing process to the post-graduate trainees in the department. Patients’ satisfaction with the quality of dermatological consultation was assessed by consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure. One hundred and seventy six patients were recruited during the study period. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, means, standard deviations and percentages were determined from the data. Advanced level analysis was done by Pearson’s correlation coefficients to analyse relationships between variables.
Results: The mean age of study participant was 39.01 ± SD 19.81 year, with a minimum of 3 years and maximum of 91 years. Ninety two (52.3%) patients were male and 84 (47.7%) were female. The mean consultation and relational empathy score was 40.34 ± SD 8.56 with 16 minimum score and 50 maximum. One hundred and sixty six (94.3%) patients were overall satisfied with the consultation whereas 10 (5.7%) were not.
Conclusion: We found high satisfaction rate amongst patients attending dermatology outpatient department. Empathy informed curricula should be emphasized upon to provide holistic patient care.
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Klein, Marlena, Diana Zackey, Niharika Sathe, Ayobamidele S. Balogun, Mona Domadia, Gina Ferrero, Cynthia Glickman et al. „2065. Reducing Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions in the Primary Care Setting“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (Oktober 2019): S696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1745.
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Abstract Background In 2015, the CDC established the National Action Plan for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, with the goal of reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use by 50% by 2020. Upper respiratory infections, (URIs) account for one of the top three diagnoses prompting outpatient visits, and despite viral pathogens being the etiology of most URIs, many patients are treated with antibiotics. This study aimed to reduce inappropriate antibiotics prescribing for URIs at Cooper Primary Care offices. Methods Using the electronic medical record, we analyzed office visits (OVs) of 63 primary care providers during the influenza season (November 1, 2017–February 28, 2018) that were associated with a URI diagnosis code and resulted in an antibiotic prescription. The intervention was a personalized digital URI score card (Figure 1) emailed to each primary care physician. It included (1) Cooper Hospitals’ Primary Care Department Average Rate of Antibiotic Prescribing for URI OVs and (2) each physician’s average rate of antibiotic prescribing for URI office visits. Data were collected post-intervention (November 1, 2018–February 28, 2019) to evaluate for changes in antibiotic prescribing patterns. Results Using Fischer’s Exact test we analyzed the pre vs. post-intervention rate of antibiotic prescribing for URI OVs. There were 7,295 total pre-intervention office visits. Of these, 41.03% resulted in an antibiotic prescription. There were 6,642 total post-intervention office visits. Of these, 35.85% resulted in an antibiotic prescription. There was a 5.18% overall decrease in antibiotics prescribed for all URI office visits (P < 0.001) (see Figure 2). Conclusion Increasing providers’ awareness of their own prescribing patterns compared with their department’s prescribing patterns utilizing a single report card decreased the rate of antibiotics prescribed for URIs by 5.18% for all URI-related office visits. Specifically, there was 10.19% decrease in antibiotics prescribed for bronchitis, which is by definition, of viral etiology. This is significant given the potential side-effects of unnecessary antibiotics, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Limitations include a lack of certainty in “true” inappropriate prescriptions and diagnosis coding. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Arshad, Muhammad Usman, Sohail Zia, Aunaza Maqbool, Rabia Sharif Bhatti, Masud-Ul Hassan und Muhammad Sajid Munir. „Occurrence of Bacterial Conjunctivitis and Viral Conjunctivitis in Pakistan“. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, Nr. 4 (29.04.2022): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216493.
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Aim: To identify the prevalence of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis. Study design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Pakistan Railways Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from 1st April 2021 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Fifty conjunctivitis patients enrolled within age of 14-29 years. Clinical examination, slit lamp test and lab testing separated cases as viral or bacterial conjunctivitis. Polymerase chain reaction post culturing was sued in viral conjunctivitis cases while Kirby-Baur disc diffusion assay was sued in bacterial conjunctivitis confirmation. Results: There were 91.17% patients with viral conjunctivitis in age of 24-29 years and 62.5% patients with bacterial conjunctivitis within 14-18 years. The odds ratio value between the male and female gender showed a significant difference between both genders with 95% confidence interval with higher female frequency in both. Coronavirus cases were highest with 52.9% while cases of Micrococciwere highest as 37.5% with conjunctivitis. Conclusion: Viral conjunctivitis was more common in general cases due to recent covid-19 infection followed by Micrococci bacterial conjunctivitis. Keywords: Allergic conjunctivitis; Bacterial conjunctivitis; Children; Vision Impairment
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Jawed, Shafaq, und Syed Maaz Tariq. „Efficient resource management for cost effective healthcare at Jinnah postgraduate medical centre“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, Nr. 12 (23.11.2017): 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175367.
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Jinnah Post graduate medical Centre (JPMC) is on the biggest public hospitals of Pakistan, serves 1.2 million patients annually, 4,38,000 patients examined in the emergency department alone. Most of health services & treatments are low cost at JPMC and affordable for everyone. However, over the past few years the number of patients in emergency as well as Outpatient department has substantially increased causing stress on physical, human and financial resources. The number of patients has increased by two folds in the last decade. These number are continuously increasing and over burden to available infrastructure is a hindrance in the way of quality medical care. A study conducted in the department of chest medicine of JPMC revealed that among 120 tuberculosis patients, almost 50% (60) died during hospitalization. Delayed treatment, absence of smear records were among the major prognostic factors. Limited resources coupled with poor management results in compromised health care.
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Singh, Himanshu Shekhar. „Impact of Modern Communication Technology on Indian Postal System“. Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 7, Nr. 1 (01.03.2015): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2015/3031.
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India Post has touched the lives of every citizen for more than 150 years, be it through mails, banking, insurance money transfer or retail services. It has enjoyed the trust and support of its customers and stakeholders from the very beginning. With the of growth of telephone, internet and modernised banking services, customers are now exposed to new level of speed, transparency and quality. In India, customers of the postal service expect Department of Posts to provide a service level similar to industry standards maintained by banks, insurance, express industry, etc or other private agencies. In this era of globalization, lots of challenges are imposed on Indian Post office. This paper analyse the impact of Internet on Indian Post along with SWOT analysis of this sector.
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Pyne, Jeffrey M., und Richard Gevirtz. „Psychophysiologic Assessment and Combat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder“. Biofeedback 37, Nr. 1 (01.03.2009): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-37.1.18.
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Abstract Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health outcome associated with combat operations. Since October 2001, more than 1.6 million U.S. troops have deployed as part of Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom. Current estimates for postdeployment post-traumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans range from 5%–30%. This paper will briefly review a series of new and ongoing projects that utilize psychophysiologic assessment for patients with Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom combat-related PTSD. Two treatment studies are supported by the Office of Naval Research, one assessment study is supported by the Veterans Health Administration, and a second assessment study is supported by the Department of Defense. Psychophysiologic reactivity is not new to combat-related PTSD, but there are new technologies that may enhance our ability to assess and understand this aspect of the condition. Papers describing the outcomes of these studies will be forthcoming.
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Ali, Bushra, und Raana Malik. „POST DISASTER RECONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCES AND EXPECTATIONS OF WOMEN: A CASE OF NORTHERN PAKISTAN“. Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, Nr. 02 (30.06.2022): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i2.487.
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Natural disasters destruct the normal functioning of a particular community. The recovery and resettlement phases of the disaster are given much consideration by developmental agencies which cater the short term needs only. While the long-term developmental needs of victims in the re-constructional phase goes unnoticed. Moreover, the existing studies have highlighted the vulnerability of women but ignored their potentials for sustainable development. This study incorporates the women’s experiences and expectations of the reconstruction phase of the disasters in the context of rural settings of the most deprived area of Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan. The phenomenological design has been used to study the lived experiences of women in the reconstruction and rehabilitation phase. The study was part of doctorate program (PhD Gender Studies) of the researcher. The study incorporates the experiences of participants who narrated the stories of their interaction with outsiders including government personals, community leaders, aid agencies and researchers which have provided broader horizons for the development of the community. Women got motivation and inspiration by interacting with female researchers. The employment, economic and educational opportunities for women have been improved after the disasters. Not only the victims, but the other women came out of the domestic arena and claimed their spaces in the public sphere and few of them started their independent setups. The study concludes that there should be no gender discrimination for skill development initiatives and women must be supported financially and technically to cash their existing skills. Like the education sector, the health department also needs government attention for improvement to ease communal life in harsh mountains. Keywords: Gender, Disaster, Opportunities, Expectations, post-disaster long term reconstruction
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SAJJAD, T., MT MUKHTAR, H. NAVEED, MRQ RAO, F. SHAMS und MS RAO. „REAL-TIME PATIENT SATISFACTION SURVEY IN THE OPHTHALMOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN: A TOOL FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT“. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 2024, Nr. 1 (18.06.2024): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2024i1.909.
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Patient satisfaction is a critical indicator of healthcare quality and is essential for improving service delivery in medical settings. Understanding patient satisfaction and the factors that contribute to it can help healthcare providers enhance patient experiences and outcomes. Objective: To assess patient satisfaction in the ophthalmology department and identify its contributing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Department of Nishtar Medical University and Hospital, Multan, from February 2023 to February 2024. A total of 400 patients visiting the department were selected for the study. Patients’ demographic data and satisfaction levels were recorded using a questionnaire in both English and Urdu. The questionnaire included questions about waiting time, staff behavior, communication with specialists, and overall department satisfaction. Patients answered on a Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Statistical analysis was performed to calculate satisfaction percentages and confidence intervals. Results: Overall, 224 patients (56%, 95% CI: 50-60.5) reported satisfaction with the ophthalmology department. More than half of the participants expressed satisfaction with various aspects of hospital services, including healthcare (65%), specialist advice (55%), department hygiene (51%), advanced facilities (50%), and post-operative care (60%). However, satisfaction scores for waiting times were lower, ranging from 45% to 55%. Conclusion: Most patients were satisfied with the ophthalmology services provided at the hospital. However, there is room for improvement, particularly in reducing waiting times, to enhance patient care and satisfaction.
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Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Ghayasuddin, Wahb, Pir Islam, Zakir, Zafar Ali und Khadijah Abid. „Comparison of post operative pain between open and laparoscopic appendectomy in acute appendicitis.“ Professional Medical Journal 31, Nr. 02 (07.02.2024): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2024.31.02.7772.
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Objective: To compare post-operative pain between open and laparoscopic appendectomy in patients diagnosed with appendicitis presenting at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Surgery, Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: January 2023 to June 2023. Material & Methods: The study included patients aged above 18 years of both genders, diagnosed with acute appendicitis based on ultrasound or CT scan. The decision regarding the surgical procedure was made by the surgeon team on call according to their experience and preference. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e., open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). Pain in both groups was assessed at 12 hours and 24 hours after surgery using visual analogue scale. Results: The LA group had a mean age of 38.94±7.90 years, while the OA group had a mean age of 40.92±8.37 years. The mean BMI in the LA group was 36.75±8.50 kg/m2, and in the OA group, it was 37.56±6.22 kg/m2. When evaluating pain scores at the 12th (4.62±2.01 vs 5.28±1.91, p=0.027) and 24th hours (3.08±1.49 vs 3.64±1.61, p=0.017), the LA group exhibited lower pain scores compared to the OA group. Conclusion: As compared to OA, LA is superior approach in terms of post-operative pain in patients with acute appendicitis.
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Orosa, Miguel A., und Viviana Galarza-Ligña. „RETRACTION NOTICE: Twenty-first century tendencies: characters, confrontation and freedom in the us teleserial post-drama“. TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review /Revista Internacional De Tecnología, Ciencia Y Sociedad 16, Nr. 1 (22.06.2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/revtechno.1903.
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Retraction note: Orosa, M. A. & Galarza-Ligña, V. (2022). Twenty-first century tendencies: characters, confrontation and freedom in the us teleserial post-drama. TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review Revista Internacional De Tecnología, Ciencia Y Sociedad, 11(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v11.4439 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review.
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Khatoon, Shehla, Munila Shabnum Khattak, Farah Deeba, Syeda Gulrukh Saba Shah, Shabnum Aamir und Sadaf Ambreen. „COMPARATIVE GAIT ANALYSIS: GAIT PARAMETERS IN PRE- AND POST-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP“. JOURNAL OF KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY 14, Nr. 2 (20.06.2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v14i2.693.
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Objectives: To compare the pre-and post-operative gait patterns in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) undergoing corrective surgery. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy in collaboration with the Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, and Pakistan Institute of Prosthetics and Orthotics (PIPOS) laboratory, Hayatabad Peshawar from March 2018 to March 2019. Patients were examined clinically and radiologically, and pre-operative gait analyses were done. Three months postoperatively, the second gait analysis was repeated. Data was analyzed through SPSS-23 using one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean age of study participants was 6 years.Clinically all patients were positive for trendelendberg test, limping of lower limb and lower limb discrepancy.Radiologically there was no significant correlation between age and Tonnis(Chi square test). The range of motion for each joint; hip, ankle and knee was calculated for deviation from standard of 50,30 and 70 degree foreach joint respectively. The results were tabulated as fl exion and dorsifl exion (+), extension andplantar flexion (-) from the standard. Post-operatively the hip joint showed hyperextension deviation24.83 ± 6.84 while the knee joint and ankle joints demonstrated fl exion/plantardeviationof 5.85 ± 68.57and22.89 ± 42.52 respectively. In this study, there is negative correlation betweengate parameters and range of motion (p-value=0.003). Conclusion: In the pre and post operative comparison in gate parameters there were three parameters post trunk,post valgus/varus and post stance are signifi cant P value is less than 0.05.
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Salkovskis, Paul. „Editorial“. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, Nr. 2 (April 2000): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800001016.
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As of 1 October 2000, the editorial office for the journal moves to a different address, when I take up a new post in London. I will be sorry to move from Oxford, but welcome the opportunities and challenges of a new job. I will try to continue to edit the journal at least as well as before! Manuscripts for publication (and all other related material) should be directed to:Professor Paul Salkovskis, Editor, Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF.
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Zaidan, Mohammed, Daniel Puebla Neira, Efstathia Polychronopoulou, Kuo Yong-Fang und Gulshan Sharma. „Healthcare utilization 9 months pre- and post- COVID-19 hospitalization among patients discharged alive“. PLOS ONE 19, Nr. 6 (20.06.2024): e0303509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303509.
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Background Emerging evidence suggests that there is an increase in healthcare utilization (HCU) in patients due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the change in HCU pre and post hospitalization among patients discharged home from COVID-19 hospitalization for up to 9 months of follow up. Study design and methods This retrospective study from a United States cohort used Optum® de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart; it included adults discharged home post hospitalization with primary diagnosis of COVID-19 between April 2020 and March 2021. We evaluated HCU of patients 9 months pre and post -discharge from index hospitalization. We defined HCU as emergency department (ED), inpatient, outpatient (office), rehabilitation/skilled nursing facility (SNF), telemedicine visits, and length of stay, expressed as number of visits per 10,000 person-days. Results We identified 63,161 patients discharged home after COVID-19 hospitalization. The cohort of patients was mostly white (58.8%) and women (53.7%), with mean age 72.4 (SD± 12) years. These patients were significantly more likely to have increased HCU in the 9 months post hospitalization compared to the 9 months prior. Patients had a 47%, 67%, 65%, and 51% increased risk of ED (rate ratio 1.47; 95% CI 1.45–1.49; p < .0001), rehabilitation (rate ratio 1.67; 95% CI 1.61–1.73; p < .0001), office (rate ratio1.65; 95% CI 1.64–1.65; p < .0001), and telemedicine visits (rate ratio 1.5; 95% CI 1.48–1.54; p < .0001), respectively. We also found significantly different rates of HCU for women compared to men (women have higher risk of ED, rehabilitation, and telemedicine visits but a lower risk of inpatient visits, length of stay, and office visits than men) and for patients who received care in the intensive care unit (ICU) vs those who did not (ICU patients had increased risk of ED, inpatient, office, and telemedicine visits and longer length of stay but a lower risk of rehabilitation visits). Outpatient (office) visits were the highest healthcare service utilized post discharge (64.5% increase). Finally, the risk of having an outpatient visit to any of the specialties studied significantly increased post discharge. Interestingly, the risk of requiring a visit to pulmonary medicine was the highest amongst the specialties studied (rate ratio 3.35, 95% CI 3.26–3.45, p < .0001). Conclusion HCU was higher after index hospitalization compared to 9 months prior among patients discharged home post-COVID-19 hospitalization. The increases in HCU may be driven by those patients who received care in the ICU.
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Niazi, Saifullah Khan, Nadia Gulzar, Eijaz Ghani, Faraz Ahmed, Muhammad Ali Rathore und Noman Shakoor. „Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Post Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplant Recipients by Real-Time PCR“. Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 73, Nr. 5 (30.10.2023): 1360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v73i5.8812.
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Objective: To evaluate the frequency of Cytomegalovirus in Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients by molecular method. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan Jan to Dec2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty-six hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients were included in this study and were separated into various age groups. All included patients were CMV IgG positive. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on post-HSCT recipients to detect CMV. Results: Out of 126 post-HSCT recipients, CMV was detected in 80(63%) patients and was not found in 46(36%) patients. Among positive patients, 60(75%) were males, and 20(15%) were female. Maximum cases of CMV detection in post-HSCT were found in 23 patients aged 1-10 years. Conclusion: A high frequency of CMV in post-HSCT recipients was observed in this study. CMV cause major complications in immunocompromised patients, such as in transplant recipients. Prevention of CMV infection is a main part of post-transplant monitoring and management.