Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Paddyfilm“

This paper proposes a flood economic risk assessment framework using vector GIS data, expressing individual house and paddyfield, prepared by a municipal Japanese government. Flood inundation is first simulated with a structured grid, then the simulated flood inundation depth, expressed in grid cells, is assigned to vector data house and paddyfield polygons as attributes. Flood-damage ratios of houses and paddyfields are then calculated using relationships of the flood depth, duration, and damage ratio opened by the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourisms (MLIT). Economic loss involving building and paddyfield damages due to flooding is then calculated by multiplying the damage ratio, evaluation price per area, and the asset area. The advantage of using such vector data is that it yields the area of each house and paddyfield precisely, which also realizes, on average, the precise economic loss estimation. As the results, the spatial distribution of economic loss on an individual house/paddyfield scale is also identified. Since vector data shows area characteristics, the framework proposed here is useful in communitybased flood management. A workshop presenting the framework showed that the system potentially induces workshop participants to consider community-based flood hazard management.

Paddyfield Rat (Rattus-rattus argentiventer) Preference and Its Impact on The Damage Pattern of Dodokan and Cianjur Rice Cultivar. A field experiment was conducted during the dry season of 2006 in Central Lampung to evaluate the preference of paddyfield rat (Rattus-rattus argentiventer) to Dodokan and Cianjur rice cultivars in the rice field and its impact on the damage pattern caused by the rat’s attack. The experiment of six treatments and 3 replications were arranged in a randomized completely block design. Each treatment consisted of two rice cultivars i.e. Cisadane and Dodokan. Dodokan cultivar was planted in centre of each experimental unit, surrounded by Cianjur, forming six different patterns (formations) as treatment. All experimental units then were exposed to natural paddyfield rat population. Weekly observations on both cultivars were made to record the damage caused by the rat from 30 to 84 day after transplanting. Aerial view of all treatments were also taken at 84 days after transplanting (a week prior to harvest). The result showed that the paddyfield rat significantly prefered Dodokan rice cultivar to Cianjur. Eventually, the preference of the rat influenced the damage pattern of Dodokan rice cultivar, showed by some unique aerial views of the plot.

The plant diversity using shanon index and the farmer income level were investigated in this study. This information is very important to contribute some improvement of agroforestry pattern related to the farmer welfare and the ecological productivity in upperstream Minraleng Sub Watershed. Results show that the diversity index of mix public forest was higher than the other patterns, eventhough it has a lower contribution compared to paddyfield. Paddyfield and unirigated-land have a higher contribution to farmer income, but they have lower diversity indexes. In contrast, candlenut monoculture and mix garden have higher diversity indexes and lower contribution to farmer income. A plant diversification under candlenut stands and an economical plant intensification on mix garden were needed to increase the farmer income and the diversity of economic plants. Key words: Diversity index, farmer income, agroforestry, Minraleng Sub Watershed References

Abstract Population genetic structure was studied in paddyfield warblers Acrocephalus agricola breeding in NE Bulgaria, SE Russia and S Kazakhstan. We were particularly interested in the degree of genetic differentiation and gene flow of the Bulgarian population due to its geographical isolation, recent origin and unique migratory strategy. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) showed that there was no divergence between Bulgarian and Russian populations (FST = 0.007), whereas those in Kazakhstan differed significantly from the European breeding populations (Russia: FST = 0.058; Bulgaria: FST = 0.114). The degree of differentiation between populations at nuclear markers (five microsatellite loci; FST ≈ 0) was weaker than for mtDNA. We suggest that this relatively weak differentiation over the range of this species reflects a recent postglacial expansion, and results from mismatch distribution analyses and Fu’s FS tests are in agreement. Preservation of small and geographically isolated populations which may contain individuals with unique adaptive traits, such as the studied Bulgarian population of paddyfield warbler, is valuable for the long-term conservation of expanding migratory bird species.

SummaryWe studied the habitat preferences of breeding Yellow Buntings Emberiza sulphurata, taking into account the effects of paddyfield abandonment in hilly rural areas within the heavy snow region of northern Japan. Across 30 transects located in valley bottoms, we investigated the relationship between Yellow Bunting abundance and landscape characteristics. The results of generalized linear mixed models showed that forest edge density and landslide sites positively affected Yellow Bunting abundance. These habitats were associated with bush vegetation (forest edge, shrub land, and tall grassland) and were adjacent to the forest. Paddyfield abandonment showed a hump-shaped effect with a peak at the middle succession stage, which was covered primarily with tall grass and some shrubs, but the effect on Yellow Bunting abundance was not statistically significant. To conserve Yellow Bunting habitats in hilly rural areas, it is necessary to protect the forest edge and landslide sites from urbanisation and exploitation. It is also necessary to continue crop cultivation in such areas, to maintain the edges between open land and forest. If cultivation can no longer be continued, the abandoned paddyfields should be kept bushy, using reed beds and shrubs, by active management.

High efficiency distribution applicators, such as boom sprayer (air blower concept),Kuhn Axis fertiliser spreaders (rotating disc concept), and pendulum spreader (magneticconcept) were the response to the call to distribute granular fertiliser to a paddy fieldon a large scale. Each of these distribution applicators had their own characteristicswhich are optimised for different purposes. This paper shows the review results afterstudying journal papers to select the most suitable applicators for Malaysia’s paddyfield on a large scale. The analyses included the compliments of these applicatorstoward the type of granular fertiliser used in Malaysia’s paddy field, the maintenancecost of these applicators, the suitability of machine to be used in the landscape ofMalaysia’s paddy, the distribution areas covered by these applicators, and the accuracyof distribution. The review concluded that Kuhn Axis fertiliser spreader was found to bethe most suitable applicator compared to other applicators.

Le présent travail souhaite contribuer à la recherche sur des créations documentaires indépendantes dans la Chine contemporaine qui se confrontent à l’histoire nationale. Dans un contexte intellectuel et artistique d’exhumation et transmission de faits encore enfouis, refoulés ou privés de représentation publique, nous observons trois cas exemplaires à cet égard : HU Jie, le Folk Memory Project du Caochangdi Workstation, et MAO Chenyu. Nous tentons dans notre étude de caractériser les propositions et gestes principaux de leur recherche d’écriture documentaire. Pour HU Jie, le geste principal est aussi le geste séminal du documentaire classique : établir les faits. À partir d’une réflexion sur les matériaux collectés et sur les images d’archive, HU Jie s’interroge sur la mise en forme de son sujet et sur les principes d’intelligibilité du réel que son écriture documentaire met en œuvre. Projet collectif à l’initiative du cinéaste WU Wenguang et de la chorégraphe WEN Hui, l’entreprise du Folk Memory Project consiste à s’engager des amateur-filmeurs ou de simples citoyens qui retournent dans leurs propres villages, filment et recueillent les témoignages de leurs proches ayant connu la Grande famine (1958-1961) en Chine. Le projet conçoit ainsi la pratique documentaire comme geste à la fois de création, d’interrogation, de transmission et d’introspection. MAO Chenyu, quant à lui, centre son travail sur le monde rural ainsi que la vie paysanne en Chine. En cultivant des formes fragmentaires, en recherche perpétuelle d’une articulation possible du cinéma avec d’autre pratiques actuelles et à venir, l’écriture documentaire de MAO Chenyu propose une démarche qui s’apparente à une ethnologie historique. Ces trois œuvres participent de l’écriture d’une histoire critique en images et en sons, qui réclame de devenir collective et plurielle
This dissertation wishes to contribute to the studies about the independent documentary film creations in contemporary China which confront national history. In an intellectual and artistic context, where the exhumation and transmission of the buried facts are repressed or bereft of public representation, we would like to observe three exemplary cases in this regard : HU Jie, Folk Memory Project, and MAO Chenyu. Our study will try to characterise the different propositions and the principal gestures in their experimentations of documentary writing style.For HU Jie, the principal gesture is also the seminal gesture of classical documentary filmmaking : to establish the facts. Based on collected testimonials and archival footage, HU Jie explores in his practice how the subjects of his films and the historical facts would come to shape intelligibly. Folk Memory Project is an ongoing participatory documentary experience that engages amateur filmmakers or citizens to go back to their families’ rural villages, and film elders’ memories about difficult times. The project sees its practice as creation, investigation, transmission, but also intimate introspection. In the case of MAO Chenyu, who centers his work in the rural region and China’s peasantry, with his innovative approach that explores perpetually about the possible articulation between cinema and other practices, his work provides an ethnographic thinking to history writing.These three practices all participate to the critical approach of history writing in sounds and images, which reclaims history's collective and plurality becoming

碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
書畫藝術學系
98
Abstract The terraced paddyfield in Yuanyang、Yunnan province、southern China is wellknown for its breathtaking landscape. Its zigzag lines、misty atmosphere and ever-changing play of light and shadow combines to make it a thing of beauty for all to enjoy. The terraced paddyfield is a perfect integration of lines and images、its scenery always strikes the students of art an impeccable picturesque composition、the embodiment of marvelous three-dimensional calligraphy. This dissertation deals with various aspects of interaction between the scenery and the artistic creation it inspire. It explores the geographical environment and its historical roots around the terraced field. It also discusses the process of artistic creation and styles of expression in rendering the beauty of the terraced field、with focus on penmanship、use of ink、spatial treatment、illusion vs. reality、light and shadow、point of view and the overall tone and mood. In different chapters、the aesthetic possibilities of the terraced paddyfield is examined、interpretation of the paddyfield by contemporary artists analyzed. This dissertation then goes further to discuss various artists' achievement in expressing the linear beauty and rhythmics of the terraced paddyfield、their ingenuity in composition and viewpoint、experiment with different medium and the different effects they create accordingly. This dissertation tries to understand how artists、by means of their study of the subject、translate their idea about the terraced paddyfield into an abstractive or representative visual language、and reveal at the sametime every possible colors behind the terraced field、including its mysterious、symbolic and connotative shades. With the help of this study、my sincere hope is that I may find a way for future breakthrough in my own creative works、and thus establish a unique vocabulary and personal style.