Dissertationen zum Thema „Oxydes à base de Co“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit Top-50 Dissertationen für die Forschung zum Thema "Oxydes à base de Co" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Sehen Sie die Dissertationen für verschiedene Spezialgebieten durch und erstellen Sie Ihre Bibliographie auf korrekte Weise.
Dathy, Corinne. „Activité et sélectivité de catalyseurs à base de métaux nobles et/ou de carbures et nitrures dans les réactions CO, NO en catalyse de post-combustion automobile“. Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10152.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDerrouiche, Salim. „Approche micro cinétique des réactions CO/O2 et CO/NO sur des catalyseurs à base de Pt et Rh supportés : expériences et modélisations“. Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiao, Xuemei. „Catalyseurs à base d'or supporté sur des oxydes minéraux pour la réaction d'oxydation préférentielle du monoxyde de carbone en présence d'hydrogène (PROX)“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe catalytic activity of gold for CO preferential oxidation in rich hydrogen (PROX) is generally influenced by various parameters such as the nature of support, the addition of a promoter, the particle size or the pre-treatment. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to clarify the influence of these parameters on a series of modified gold catalysts in PROX reaction. In a 1rst part, we have studied a system based on Au supported on Ce-Fe oxides prepared by co-precipitation or impregnation with various Ce/Fe ratios. The doping of CeO2 by iron led to the formation of a solid solution which improved the PROX activity due to an increase of the oxygen mobility. In a 2nd part, a series of supports (Al2O3, CeO2, and Ce2Zr2O7) was evaluated in order to load Au, Cu or Au-Cu. The combination of Au-Cu/CeO2 was shown to be the best system. The influence of Au/Cu (1/3, 1/1 or 3/1) ratio was therefore undertaken along with the effect of the pre-treatment (calcination or reduction). The catalysts have been systematically characterized by physico-chemical techniques (BET, XRD, TEM, XPS, TPR, FTIR). The kinetics of PROX reaction and CO oxidation mechanism on Au-Cu/CeO2 were explored and correlated with an FTIR study. The catalytic performances of these catalysts are strongly dependent upon the particle size of the metal, the chemical state of gold, the gold-support interaction and the surface distribution of Au and Cu. We have proposed a CO oxidation mechanism in which adsorbed CO reacts with adsorbed O2 to produce CO2
Delmaire, Florence. „Caractérisation de Bi4V2O11 et de quelques Bi4(V1-xMex)2O11- δ(Me=Cu, Ni, Co, Zn) par des techniques physicochimiques et tests catalytiques“. Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBallot, Noémie. „Matériaux nanométriques à base de métaux 3d (Fe, Co, Ni) : Nouvelles voies de synthèse et caractérisations“. Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132065/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe growing interest in nanomaterials based on 3d transition metals such as cobalt, iron and nickel finds its origin in the intrinsic properties of these elements (high magnetization of iron and high magnetocristalline constant of cobalt) combined with particular property due to nanometric size and anisotropy of these alloys. Among the numerous synthetic routes, the polyol method which belongs to the chimie douce routes allows the elaboration of several finely divided inorganic materials (oxides, hydroxides, metals) by means of reduction or forced hydrolysis reactions conducted in polyol medium. The main first contribution of this work was to take advantage of these finely divided oxides and hydroxides elaborated in polyol medium to obtain metals and alloys, through a controlled reduction in solid form under hydrogen flow. Ferromagnetic particles of CoFe2, CoFe, NiFe, Ni3Fe and Fe with a blocking temperature above 300 K were obtained. The second main contribution of this work relates elaboration of anisotropic objects. Further, a new approach is proposed: forced hydrolysis in polyol medium assisted by applying a magnetic field. This type of synthesis leads to akaganeite β7&eOOH nanowires and spinel oxides nanoparticles. A relative mild reduction (300 °C) of akaganeite nanowires allows to obtain spinels phase with same morphology and magnetic properties in agreement with the chemical composition and the particles nanoscale (superparamagnetic behavior with blocking temperaturenear 300 K, high Ms and Hc dependent on the nature of the M element in the spinel MFe2O4, high in the case of cobalt and low for nickel and iron)
Duan, Yan. „Understanding the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for Co based transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS416.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of efficient electrocatalysts to lower the overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of fundamental importance in improving the overall efficiency of fuel production by water electrolysis. Among a plethora of catalysts being studied on, transition metal oxides / hydroxides that exhibit reasonable activity and stability in alkaline electrolyte have been identified as catalysts to potentially overpass the activity of expensive Ir- and Ru- based oxides. Understanding the OER for transition metal oxides / hydroxides in alkaline electrolytes paves the way for better design of low cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts. This dissertation, with three different work on Co-based oxides / hydroxides, studies and deepens the understanding of the bulk properties, surface properties of materials and interfacial properties on OER. Firstly, with Fe substitution, it addresses tuning the eg configuration of metal cations in LaCoO3 where adjusting the metal 3d oxygen 2p covalency can bring benefits to the OER performance. Secondly, with Ni substitution in ZnCo2O4, it demonstrates a change in relative position of O p-band and MOh d-band centre which induces a change in stability as well as the possibility for lattice oxygen to participate in the OER. Finally, with La1-xSrxCoO3 series, CoOOH and Fe-containing CoOOH as examples, the impact of the electrolyte has been explored by the study of reaction kinetics parameters. With a better understanding of how material properties and dynamic environment influence the OER activity and mechanism, we can obtain more efficient OER catalysts for better energy infrastructure
Lovat, Silvia. „Oxygen transfer catalysis by d0 metal complexes : activation/deactivation by Lewis base co-ligands“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa trasformazione ossidativa di gruppi funzionali costituisce una delle reazioni fondamentali della chimica organica ed è alla base di moltissimi processi sintetici. Si tratta di un settore che è oggetto di un continuo lavoro di ricerca, indirizzato sia alla risoluzione di problemi sintetico-applicativi che alla comprensione dei meccanismi che operano in tali processi il cui interesse è così vasto da includere reazioni che avvengono anche in sistemi biologici. Negli enzimi, così come nei catalizzatori artificiali, la presenza di metalli in elevato stato di ossidazione permette l'attivazione di acqua ossigenata (H2O2) e di idroperossidi alchilici (RO2H) consentendo l’ossidazione di diversi substrati organici. Sia negli enzimi che nei sistemi artificiali particolare importanza riveste l’intorno chimico della specie reattiva metalloperossidica responsabile del trasferimento di ossigeno. I leganti al centro metallico, siano essi di natura proteica o costituiti da molecole di sintesi, sono in grado di aumentare non solo la stabilità e la reattività ma anche la capacità di stereoselezione del centro reattivo. Tuttavia, si trovano in letteratura numerosi esempi di come la reattività, la stabilità e la stereoselezione di processi sintetici catalizzati da complessi con leganti polidentati vengano ampiamente influenzati anche dalla presenza di additivi, o leganti monodentati per lo più basici, in seguito alla loro interazione con il metallo. L’influenza che leganti polidentati e co-leganti monodentati possono avere sulla reattività di numerosi sistemi catalitici è parte degli argomenti trattati nel primo capitolo di questa tesi di dottorato. In particolare abbiamo voluto indirizzare la nostra attenzione verso processi reattivi, soprattutto di tipo ossidativo, che vengono accelerati in seguito all’azione sia di leganti polidentati che di co-leganti monodentati. I numerosi esempi che sono stati riportati su questo argomento, tratti dalla recente letteratura, sono stati suddivisi all’interno di due classi di fenomeni: la “ligand accelerated catalysis” (LAC) e la “co-ligand accelerated catalysis” (CO-LAC). Nella LAC, secondo la definizione di Sharpless, l’aggiunta di un legante chirale polidentato induce la formazione, tramite scambio di legante, di un nuovo complesso metallico dotato di una aumentata reattività che spesso si accompagna anche ad una aumentata stereoselettività. Nella CO-LAC invece, l’aggiunta di un legante monodentato chirale o achirale, induce una modificazione della reattività del complesso metallico senza che vi sia scambio di legante. Numerosi esempi di CO-LAC prevedono l’utilizzo di leganti monodentati basici. Durante questo dottorato, abbiamo potuto constatare che il processo di trasferimento di ossigeno verso il metil p-tolil solfuro catalizzato da un complesso polisilosanico di V(V) recanti sostituenti iso-butilici in presenza di CHP come ossidante primario viene accelerato, anche di 24 volte, a seguito dell’aggiunta di basi di Lewis in quantità confrontabili con quelle del catalizzatore. Nel Capitolo 2 i dati sperimentali riportati evidenziano l’esistenza di una corrispondenza tra accelerazione osservata del processo e natura elettron donatrice della base di Lewis usata. Più elettron ricca è la base di Lewis maggiore è la reattività del sistema e, probabilmente a causa delle migliori capacità coordinanti del co-legante, minore è la quantità di base di Lewis necessaria per avere l’effetto massimo. Calcoli computazionali condotti hanno dimostrato come la coordinazione di basi di Lewis al vanadio inducano variazioni di distribuzione elettronica con aumento di densità elettronica all’ossigeno della specie reattiva metalloperossidica coinvolto nel trasferimento di ossigeno e contemporanea diminuzione della stessa a livello del centro metallico con conseguente stabilizzazione dell’intermedio reattivo. Lo studio sugli effetti delle basi di Lewis in processi di trasferimento di ossigeno a solfuri organici è stato esteso anche verso un’altra classe di leganti ossia le trifenolammine. Nel Capitolo 3 sono stati investigati processi catalitici di ossidazione del metil p-tolil solfuro per mezzo di cumilidroperossido come ossidante primario in presenza di otto complessi ammino tri-fenolati di metalli d0 [Sc(III), Ti(IV), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), V(V), Nb(V), Ta(V), Mo(VI)]. La reattività e la selettività di questi processi, sia in assenza che in presenza di una base di Lewis forte come il dimetilesil-N-ossido è stata determinata sperimentalmente. I dati sperimentali ottenuti sono stati correlati con i valori di elettronegatività di Sanderson e tramite studi teorici sono state tratte delle delucidazioni sulle caratteristiche della specie reattiva metalloperossidica. I dati sperimentali raccolti e i calcoli teorici ci hanno permesso di proporre un meccanismo generale per spiegare l’attivazione della specie perossidica e la sua reattività. Nel Capitolo 4 sono descritti i complessi ammino tri-fenolati di ossovanadio(V) come modelli funzionali e strutturali di aloperossidasi, grazie alla loro geometria trigonale bipiramidale e alla loro abilità nel catalizzare efficacemente sia le solfossidazioni così come la bromurazione e la clorurazione del trimetossibenzene. In particolare, nell’ossidazione di solfuri, usando perossido d’idrogeno come ossidante primario, sono state ottenute con rese quantitative in prodotto con alta chemoselettività, anche in presenza dello 0.01% di catalizzatore, con TON fino a 9900 e TOF fino a 8000 h-1. Nel caso della bromurazione si sono ottenuti TON pari a 1260 e TOF fino a 220 h-1 usando fino allo 0.05% di catalizzatore. Nel Capitolo 5 viene riportata una serie di strategie di sintesi per la formazione di un nuovo legante trisilanolico polisilossanico recante lunghe catene perfluorurate come sostituenti.
Filimonenkov, Ivan. „Electrocatalyse de la réduction de l’oxygène et de l’oxydation de l’eau par des oxydes de métaux de transition : cas des pérovskites de Mn et Co“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF072.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA study of electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions is closely related with a development of cathodic and anodic materials for fuel cells and elec-trolyzers. An objective of this thesis is to develop and investigate Mn, Co-oxide-based elec-trode materials active and stable in both the ORR and OER. Relationships between electro-chemical characteristics of perovskite/carbon compositions and properties of their compo-nents are stated and experimentally substantiated in the thesis. It is found a corrosion re-sistance of carbon materials under OER conditions is influenced not only by their crystalline order, but also by their intrinsic OER activity. It is shown the ORR and OER activity of Mn, Co-based perovskites linearly depends on the number of rechargeable Mn and Co cations, respectively. It is revealed a reversible oxygen intercalation through a crystal structure of Co-based perovskites occurs under OER conditions as well as at lower potentials
Grandvallet, Pierre. „Synthèse d'alcools supérieurs à partir de (CO + H) : préparation et caractérisation de catalyseurs oxydes mixtes à base de cuivre et cobalt : étude de l'état stationnaire et du mécanisme réactionnel /“. Paris : Technip, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34880063v.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleArab-Chapelet, Bénédicte. „Étude fondamentale des mécanismes réactionnels intervenant lors de la synthèse par co-conversion oxalique de composés oxyde à base d'actinides“. Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10147.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the end of the nuclear fuel reprocessing, co-conversion by oxalic co-precipitation is one of the routes investigated to immobilize actinides in a solid compound before their subsequent recycling. The development of this process requires a good knowledge of the structure of the co-precipitated compounds. The structural resolution by single crystal X-ray diffraction of U(IV)-Ln(III) oxalates, where lanthanides simulate the actinides behaviour, led to elucidate three solid solutions characterized by an unexpected U(IV)-Ln(III) mixed site and to the constitution of a structural database decisive for the identification of actinides co-precipitated compounds. In addition, the thorough investigation of these mixed oxalates has allowed (i) to specify the solid solution domains; (ii) to underline the quantitative transfer of actinides initially in solution to the co-precipitated solid, without modification of their oxidation state; (iii) to clarify the role of monovalent cations taking part in the deficit charge compensation in the structure. Finally, these original results were extended to the An(IV)-An(III) mixtures and mixed oxalates exhibiting structures similar to those obtained for the U(IV)-Ln(III) co-precipitates, were synthesised. The existence of An(IV)-An(III) mixed site within a compound oxalate is totally original and at the basis of the original properties of the co-precipitate. Then, actinides co-precipitation allows to elaborate particularly homogeneous solid compounds with desired composition which can be advantageously used as starting materials for mixed oxides synthesis
Cornette, Julie. „Cristallochimie et étude vibrationnelle de composés à base de TeVIO3“. Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/60119a50-1629-40b5-b524-e6dc19e092d5/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4061.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is devoted to the study of particular crystal chemistry of crystallized tellurium VI oxide based materials (tellurates), potential candidates in the LTCC technology. The estimation of the 3rd order nonlinear optical susceptibility, by ab initio calculations, of the crystalline phases of the system TeO2-TeO3 showed promising results openning interesting perspectives for the development of tellurium VI oxide based glasses. The TeO3-βcompound is the simplest tellurium oxide VI based material. The vibrational study of its specific structure reveals a three-dimensional type structure similar to the cubic perovskite family and very different to the elemental tellurium oxide IV TeO2-a, island type structure. This study was the basis for the vibrational analysis of complex tellurate compounds
Carvalho, Dayvid Pires. „ELETROCATALISADORES À BASE DE Fe,Co(10%m)-N(PAR,PAN)/C(500-900 ºC) PARA A REDUÇÃO DO OXIGÊNIO MOLECULAR“. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/991.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In order to develop a new Pt-free reducing agents for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the ligands 1 - (2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) were studied as nitrogen sources complexing with Fe (II) and Co (II) ions, supported on carbon nanoparticles (10 wt. % metal loading) and heat treated at temperature of 500, 700 and 900°C. The synthesized complexes ([ML₂]; M²⁺= Fe, Co; L = PAN, PAR) were characterized by UVVis and Infrared spectroscopies before impregnation step. By cyclic voltammetric technique it was found that all eletrocatalysts showed an increase of performance for ORR after heat treated and that the highest efficiency were reached by: Fe-PAN/C -700°C (0,818 V x ENH), Fe-PAN/C- 900 °C (0,786V x ENH), Co-PAN/C - 500 °C (0,657V x ENH) e Co-PAN/C - 700°C (0.673 V x ENH), e Co-PAN/C - 900°C (0.612 V x ENH), Co-PAR/C - 700°C (0.588 V x ENH), Co-PAR/C - 900°C (0.623 V x ENH) e Fe-PAR/C - 700°C (0.598 V x ENH). With EDR studies, it was possible to calculate, with Koutecký Levich equation, the number of electrons involved in the ORR for each catalyst at potentials of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 V. Except COPAR-700 °C which the adopted method did not allow the the number of electrons, the other catalysts, which were calculated were nearer the behavior of a mechanism via 2 and 4e- while others saw.
Com o intuito de desenvolver um novo agente redutor livre de platina para reacção de redução de oxigênio (RRO), os ligantes de 1 - (2-Piridilazo)-2-naftol (PAN) e 4 - (2-piridilazo)- resorcinol (PAR) foram estudados como fontes de nitrogenio complexantes com os íons Fe (II) e Co (II), suportados em nanopartículas de carbono (10% de carga de metais) e tratados termicamente a uma temperatura de 500, 700 e 900 °C. Os complexos sintetizados ([ML₂]; M²⁺ = Fe, Co, L = PAN, PAR) foram caracterizados por UV-Vis e espectroscopia de infravermelho antes da etapa de impregnação. Pela técnica de voltametria cíclica, verificou-se que todos os catalisadores mostraram um aumento de desempenho para a RRO após o tratamento térmico e que a maior eficiência foram alcançados por: Fe-PAN/C -700°C (0,818 V x ENH), Fe-PAN/C- 900 °C (0,786V x ENH), Co-PAN/C - 500 °C (0,657V x ENH) e Co-PAN/C - 700°C (0.673 V x ENH), e Co-PAN/C - 900°C (0.612 V x ENH), Co-PAR/C - 700°C (0.588 V x ENH), Co- PAR/C - 900°C (0.623 V x ENH) e Fe-PAR/C - 700°C (0.598 V x ENH). Com os estudos de EDR, foi possível calcular, com a equação de Koutecky-Levich, o número de eletrons envolvidos na RRO para cada catalisador nos potenciais de 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4V. Com exceção do CoPAR-700°C o qual o método adotado não permitiu que fosse calculado o número de elétrons, os demais catalisadores, apresentaram comportamento próximos do mecanismo via 2e- enquanto outros via 4e-.
Sauguet, Laurent. „Synthèse de co- et terpolymères fluorés à base de fluorure de vinylidene et porteurs de fonctions acides sulfoniques pour l'élaboration de membranes pour piles à combustible“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20161.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlibrahim, Moussa. „Systèmes à base de tensio-actifs non ioniques : Influence de co-tensio-actifs ioniques et structure des phases mésomorphes“. Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOliveira, André. „Synthèse d'oxydes lamellaires haute performances à base de Ni, Mn et Co : élaboration d'un procédé industriel et application à l'électrode positive d'un accumulateur Li-ion“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS239.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe company Nanoe in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP) offers an innovative process for the synthesis of NMC, a positive electrode material for Li-ion batteries. These materials are currently synthesized in solution by coprecipitation, requiring retreating waste metals dissolved in aqueous solution. The new method proposed is a solid-state synthesis composed of a high-energy milling of the solid-state precursors in suspension, followed by a spray-drying structuration step and a final heat treatment.to form the NMC phase. This new route not only produces no solid or liquid waste, but also have fewer synthesis steps and the use of cheaper raw materials. The aim of this thesis work is to optimize this synthesis process to produce NMC by using nickel-rich compositions. The different process stages were first optimized on LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2, a widely used and commercial material. The synthesis was then adapted for compositions richer in nickel, namely LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2. It has been shown that enriching the nickel composition required reducing the synthesis temperature to obtain the best structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. The synthesized materials are then compared to their commercial counterparts produced by a coprecipitation process and demonstrated, at 1C-rate, a lower capacity in the first cycles but a better capacity retention allowing them to dominate in long-term cycling
Poienar, Maria. „Oxydes fonctionnels à base de chrome“. Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe strong lattice-spin-charge coupling in frustrated systems with layered crystal structures is a subject of increasing interest in materials science. This manuscript presents the study of two of these compounds, delafossite CuCrO2 (space group R m) and crednerite CuMnO2 (space group C2/m). It shows the great influence of the triangular lattice formed by B3+ cations (including the degree of deformation and compactness of the BO6 octahedra and the specific structural motifs) upon the structural, magnetic and electric properties of the geometrically frustrated antiferromagnets ABO2. Our studies of the magnetic and electric properties in the CuCrO2 compound have established the relation between the helicoidal magnetic structure with a incommensurate propagation vector (q,q,0), where q~0. 329 and the emergence of electric polarisation. Symmetry analysis considerations are developed as complementary approaches to microscopic models proposed to understand polarisation. Our results are new highlights in the field of multiferroic materials, and provide the opportunity to explore the relationships between the spin order (non collinear magnetic structures) and the spontaneous polarisation. In CuMnO2, the frustration of the magnetic exchanges is lifted through a magneto-elastic symmetry lowering of the triangular lattice, in which the 3D magnetic order is accompanied by a structural distortion from a monoclinic symmetry to a triclinic one. The substitution on the A and B site modifies the properties of these compounds and gives the opportunity to understand the frustration mechanism and the interactions in competition in these materials
Lemonnier, Sébastien. „Développement d'un générateur thermoélectrique à base de matériaux oxydes“. Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2031.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermoelectric (TE) oxides Ca4Mn3O10 and CaMnO3 have been synthesized by solid state reaction and their synthesis conditions have been optimized in order to obtain high purity and density. It has been found that the substitution of Ca by an element with a higher valency such as Rare Earth elements, and improved ceramics process lead to a strong decrease of the electrical resistivity, which is one of the key factor for the properties enhancement. The Ca0. 95Sm0. 05MnO3 compound, shaped by isostatic pressing and thereafter sintered at 1450oC, presents a power factor reaching 0. 46 mW. K-2. M-1 which is close to the best published values. Above-mentioned material has been integrated into thermoelectric modules with conventional and so called “unileg” architectures and the performances have been evaluated by a home-made equipment. Output powers of 300 mW have been reached for a 36-leg modules with a temperature difference of 400°C. These performances can be enhanced by the optimization of the metal contacts to ceramic oxides. An additional study, based on the TLM (Transmission Line Method) method, lead to a substantial improvement of the contacts
Cartier, Mathilde. „Vannes de spin et jonctions tunnel à base d'oxyde de nickel : les briques élémentaires d'un transistor magnétique“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10135.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDe, Pauw Virginie. „Mécanismes de nitruration et d'oxydation du composé intermétallique Sm2 (Fe, Co)1#7 pour aimants permanents“. Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLULIO, LIGIA C. D. „Estudo da eletro-oxidação da mistura Hsub(2)Co utilizando eletrocatalisadores à base de Pt/C e céria dopada com ítria ou rutênio para aplicação em células a combustível de membrana polimérica condutora de prótons“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10100.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Surendranath, Yogesh. „Oxygen evolution mediated by co-based thin film electrocatalysts“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65477.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The electrocatalytic conversion of water to O₂ is the key efficiency-determining reaction for the storage of electrical energy in the form of liquid fuels. In this thesis, the simple preparation of a cobalt-based catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is described and details of its structure, valency, mechanism of action, and mechanism of formation at intermediate pH are elaborated. The catalyst is obtained as an electronically conductive, porous thin film by electrolysis of Co2 in aqueous phosphate, methylphosphonate, or borate electrolyte. Catalyst films prepared from phosphate are comprised of Co oxo/hydroxo clusters of molecular dimensions, as determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The clusters consist of edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra arranged in a sheet-like pattern. The average cluster nuclearity increases as the film thickness increases. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra, EPR spectra, and electrochemical data support a catalyst film consisting predominately of Co(III) in the absence of an applied bias with minor populations of Co(II) and Co(IV) centers. As the film is polarized in the region of water oxidation, the population of Co(IV) centers increases systematically. The mechanism of the OER mediated by the catalyst was studied at neutral pH by electrokinetic and 180 isotope experiments. The catalyst exhibits an OER Tafel slope approximately equal to 2.3 x RT/F, an inverse first order dependence on proton activity, and a zeroth order dependence on phosphate for buffer strengths > 0.03 M. In the absence of phosphate, the Tafel slope increases ~3 fold and the overall activity is greatly diminished. These data point to an OER mechanism involving a rapid, one electron, one proton, equilibrium between Co"'-OH and CoWv-O in which a phosphate species is the proton acceptor, followed by a chemical turnover-limiting process involving oxygen-oxygen bond coupling. The mechanisms of nucleation, steady-state growth, and repair of the catalyst were studied at intermediate pH by electrokinetic, AFM and NMR methods. Catalyst nucleation is progressive with a non-zero-order nucleation rate law. Steady-state growth exhibits a Tafel slope approximately equal to 2.3 x RT/F, an inverse third order dependence on proton activity, and an inverse first order dependence on buffer strength. Together, the electrokinetic studies point to a mechanism involving a rapid one-electron, three-proton equilibrium oxidation of Co2+ coupled to phosphate dissociation from the catalyst surface, which is followed by a chemical rate-limiting process involving Co binding to the growing clusters. Consistent with the disparate pH profiles for the OER and catalyst formation, functional stability and repair are operative at pH > 6 whereas catalyst corrosion prevails at lower pH.
by Yogesh Surendranath.
Ph.D.
Pshirkov, Julian. „Nouveaux oxydes de bismuth complexes à base d'alcalins ou d'alcalino-terreux“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDefay, Benoit. „Comportement des oxydes dans un procédé de fonderie d'alliages base nickel“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0298/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe presence of oxide inclusions within single-crystal turbine blade high pressure in AM1 involves the germination of parasite grains succeeding the critical reduction of their mechanical performances.In order to evaluate the cleanliness of material AM1 and to follow its evolution during various stages of the process foundry (VIM), an experimental and a numerical study were carried out. The experimental part consists in following the evolution of the inclusion population of the raw material until the liquid bath by combining visualizations of the surface of the liquid bath and the application of the electron beam button melting test on a set of material extracted during the process of foundry. The results highlight a modification of the major inclusion population during the process and a regular supply of particles within the liquid bath which come from the crucible. The digital part is based on a set of three models allowing the modeling of the electromagnetic, hydrodynamic phenomena and the trajectory calculation of the particles within the liquid bath. The value of the intensity of the electric current was given from a calibration of the electromagnetic model based to experimental measures of the axial magnetic induction within the industrial furnace. For the whole of the mathematical models, the surface of the liquid bath selected is deformed and non-evolutive. The model of trajectory calculation is based on a Lagrangian approach by taking account of the turbulence of the flow. The digital results show a good agreement with in experiments released tendencies
Malecki, Andrzej. „Décomposition thermique et propriétés électriques de Co₃O₄“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10597.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePetre, Alice Luminita. „Etude de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de gallium supporté“. Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Le To Nga. „Catalyseurs à base d'or supporté sur oxydes métalliques pour la réduction des oxydes d'azote par le propène en excès d'oxygène“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066713.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVargas, Saenz Julio Cesar. „Vaporéformage du bioethanol en hydrogène sur catalyseurs oxydes mixtes Ce-Zr-Co“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Huu Tri. „Varistance à base d'oxyde de zinc à champ de seuil élevé“. Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30155.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKellali, Boujemâa. „Modification de catalyseurs à base de palladium en post-combustion automobile“. Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2308.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTarablsi, Bassam. „Elaboration de nanocomposites photopolymères à base d’oxyde de fer et d’argile“. Mulhouse, 2008. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/elaboration-de-nanocomposites-photopolymeres-a-base-doxyde-de-fer-et-dargile/BUS4168193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, nanocomposites of photopolymer-oxide and photopolymer-oxide-MMT (oxide: nanoparticles of yFe2O3, MMT: montmorillonite) were prepared by photochemical procedure. Conceming the first on (photopolymer-oxide), the maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized according to the process described by Massart. The compatibility of these particles with the polymeric matrix was obtained by immobilization of MPDMS at their surface using a thermic procedure. Conceming the second one, the mixture of different nanofillers (nanofillers mixture yFe2O3-MMT) were prepared by a new method based on the ion exchange reaction and different chemical and thermal treatments. The incorporation of both nanofillers in the diacrylate photopolymeric matrix was studied and optimized. A kinetic study of the photopolymerization reaction in presence of both nanofillers was also performed by FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of both nanofillers did not effect significantly the polymerization kinetics in thin films (10µm) at nanofillers concentration up to 2 wt%. It was found that nanocomposites had a came photopolymerization rates in comparison with pure diacrylate. The experimental results showed that photopolymer-oxide-MMT nanocomposite can improve by 66% the mechanical properties (E')
Abi, Aad Edmond. „Préparations, caractérisations et aspects catalytiques d'oxydes ternaires à base de cuivre, aluminium et cérium“. Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa grande dispersion du cuivre sur l'alumine associée à la synergie cuivre-cérium semble être favorable à l'activité catalytique des systèmes. Ainsi, toute activité (hydrogénation et isomérisation) est liée à la présence de cuivre, elle est exaltée quand le cuivre est en interaction avec le cérium. Outre les effets liés au solide, activité et sélectivité sont fortement tributaires des encombrements stériques et des effets électroniques propres à la molécule de réactif. Ainsi, moins la double liaison de l'hydrocarbure est encombrée plus l'activité est importante. De même, plus le réactif est polaire plus la sélectivité en hydrogénation est favorisée. Le mécanisme de réaction proposé est une balance entre le passage par un intermédiaire -alkyl conduisant préférentiellement au produit d'hydrogénation et un mécanisme concerte dont le résultat est un produit d'isomérisation de position. L'équilibre de cette balance dépend essentiellement de la polarité du réactif utilisé
Baaziz, Walid. „Synthèse et caractérisation des nanoparticules spinelles et coeur-coquille à base d’oxyde de fer et de cobalt“. Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2011/BAAZIZ_Walid_2011.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objectives of this thesis were to synthesize and study the structural and magnetic properties of nanoparticles (NPs) of iron oxide and cobalt ferrite with different sizes, morphology and compositions, including core-shell structures. The chosen synthesis method was the thermal decomposition of an iron stearate complex in a high boiling solvent in presence of surfactants. In a first part centered on iron oxide NPs, the experimental conditions of synthesis were optimized to obtain spherical iron oxide NPs with a mean size in the range 5 -28 nm. We have studied the evolution of the composition and magnetic properties of NPs as a function of their size and of the nature of the atmosphere of synthesis. Using the same method of synthesis, we succeeded in controlling the morphology and composition of NPs: NPs with a cubic morphology were obtained with mean sizes in the range 13-30 nm with a homogeneous Fe3-xO4 composition and with a core-shell FeO@Fe3-xO4 composition displaying exchange bias-properties. The second part was centered on the synthesis of cobalt ferrite and mixed core-shell NPs : NPs with homogeneous composition CoFe2O4 and with core-shell structure such as CoxFe1-x@CoFe2O4 and Fe3-xO4@CoO have been synthesized. Exchange bias properties were clearly evidenced in the core-shell NPs. Finally, we managed to control the synthesis of spherical NPs of iron oxide on the surface or inside of carbon nanotubes (CNTS) and cobalt-based NPs with cubic morphology were synthesized inside CNTs. We have shown that the CNTs act as a "nanoreactor"
Nguyen, Tuyen. „Electrodes innovantes à base d'oxyde pour les supercondensateurs redox“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI095/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransition metal oxides (TMOs) and double TMOs are promising materials for application as electrodes in pseudo supercapacitors or redox supercapacitors because they can exhibit increased energy density resulted from redox reactions.This PhD dissertation aims at studying and improving the electrochemical behavior of single TMOs - manganese oxides and at developing new double TMOs electrodes tailored for energy storage in redox supercapacitors, by depositing the active materials directly on stainless steel current collector via a flexible and costless electrodeposition route.To study these electrodes for supercapacitors, their physic-chemical properties were characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman & Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Their electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry.The results have detailed the growing, physic-chemical and electrochemical characterizations of Mn oxides, Mn-Co oxides, Ni-Mn oxides and Ni-Co hydroxides prepared by electrodeposition. Tailoring the morphology and architecture these electrodes and creating surfaces exhibiting high surface area are key parameters for enhanced pseudocapacitive performance. In detail, the research work contributed to the development of novel oxide (and hydroxides) materials for redox supercapacitors by: (i) providing novel electrodes with good pseudocapacitive performance for supercapacitors (Mn oxides, Ni-Mn oxides, Ni-Co hydroxides), (ii) fully understanding the effect of annealing on the transformation from electrodeposited mixed hydroxides to mixed oxide and their correlation with electrochemical properties for the Mn-Co oxide – based electrodes, (iii) detailing the growing mechanisms of Mn oxide films electrodeposited from nitrate based electrolyte, (iv) revealing a promising way of tailoring surface morphology of electrodeposited mixed oxides by controlling the growth of single oxides, (v) understanding the nucleation mechanism of hydroxides prepared by electrodeposition (Ni-Co hydroxides).Thus, the results of this PhD dissertation go beyond the state-of-the-art and provided valuable highlights to advance the development of novel electrode materials for redox supercapacitors
Sronek, Laetitia. „Nouveaux oxydes et oxyfluorures divisés à base de cérium à propriétés anti-UV“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00187026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLes propriétés d'absorption UV de ces composés sont évaluées et corrélées à la composition chimique et aux paramètres structuraux.
Ruiz, Preciado Marco Alejandro. „Synthèse, caractérisation et réponse photocatalytique des oxydes semi-conducteurs à base de NiTiO3“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis work is devoted to the synthesis of NiTiO3-based semiconductive structures, i.e. powders and thin films, and the investigation of their related properties with the aim of their applications in photocatalysis. Theoretical approach and numerical simulations of the electronic, vibrational and optical properties of bulk and nanosized NiTiO3 structures have been carried out in order to deepen the understanding of the experimental results. The synthesis of NiTiO3 powders has been achieved by sol-gel and solid state reaction, while NiTiO3 thin films have been grown by rf-sputtering.Characterizations on their structural, vibrational and optical properties confirm the stabilization of polycrystalline NiTiO3 in its ilmenite phase in both powders and thin films as well. The determination of a band gap at 2.25 eV suggests the feasibility to implement the synthesized materials as visible-light-active photocatalysts. This feature has been tested in thedegradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution using rf-sputtered NiTiO3 thin films irradiated with visible light,achieving the degradation of 60% of the initial concentration of the colorant in 300 minutes. In addition, the electro-oxidation of methanol has been accomplished by applying an external voltage on an electrode containing NiTiO3 powders in alkaline media. The Ni ions present in the catalyst have been identified as the active species with the oxidation of the organic molecules on the surface of Ni3+ sites. As a main achievement, NiTiO3 has been synthesized as powders and thin films with suitable characteristics for efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis and the catalytic capabilities of NiTiO3 have beendemonstrated on the photodegradation of Methylene Blue and the electro-oxidation of methanol
NASSAR, JOAQUIM. „Magnetoresistance tunnel de jonctions a base de metaux de transition et oxydes ferromagnetiques“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlmeida, Lucie de. „Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la décomposition thermique d'oxalates d'actinides en oxydes“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0356/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMixed uranium-plutonium oxides are preferential raw materials for news generation nuclear fuels. The research project presented herein deals with their elaboration process by thermal decomposition of mixed oxalates, as reference precursors, in order to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting product. The thermal decomposition of several oxalate precursors into oxides was thus experimentally studied under both inert and oxidizing atmospheres, the reaction mechanisms were determined, as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics, and predictive physicochemical models were proposed. The methodology of the study up to the modelling was first developed using lanthanide model compounds with increasing complexity. The conversion into oxides of simple Nd and Ce oxalates, compared with Pu(III) oxalate, allowed to understand the role of the metal cation redox properties. Double lanthanide-hydrazinium oxalates, displaying a specific behaviour due to their peculiar crystallographic structure, underlined the importance of gas-gas and solid-gas interactions. Then, the global resolution of the decomposition mechanisms of mixed actinide oxalates into oxides was carried out through a comparative approach of U-Ce, Th-Pu and U-Pu systems, given ... analogies. A general mechanism including five main steps was proposed, with the corresponding thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. This especially enabled to simulate the speciation diagrams of the solid phases according to different temperature programs (linear or double industrial oven) for the U-Ce surrogate system (used in systematic technological process optimisation tests) as well as for the U-Pu system of interest. Finally, a first attempt at process modelling was undertaken, taking into account transport phenomena associated with two key-reactions for these systems: the thermal decomposition of anhydrous oxalate into oxide and the Boudouard equilibrium between carbonaceous species. The overall system reactivity and the predominant phenomena concerning evolved gas fluxes and elemental carbon formation, within a static powder bed, were simulated
Gergely, Bernadett. „Synthèse et caractérisation de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde d'étain et de gallium“. Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10166.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarpentier, Jenny. „Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes mixtes à base de cuivre, de cobalt et de fer dérivés de précurseurs de type hydrotalcite destinés à l'oxydation totale du toluène“. Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0098.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this work, catalytic performances of copper, cobalt and iron based mixed oxides derived hydrotalcite precursors have been studied in toluene oxidation reaction. Dry and calcined solids have been characterized by several physicochemical techniques as X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and specific areas. Then, the samples calcined at 500ʿC have been tested in toluene oxidation reaction. For CuxCo2-xFe1HT samples as x = 0 and x = 0. 5, pure hydrotalcite phase has been formed whereas the increase of copper quantity in the sample tends to form malachite phase. The thermal treatment at 500ʿC of the samples leads to formation of spinel phases as Co3O4, CoFe2O4, CuFe2O4, CuxCoyO4 and to the formation of CuO for x = 1. For toluene oxidation reaction, all the samples have been shown totally selective in CO2 and H2O. Ternary oxides have been shown more active than binary ones and the CuxCo2-xFe1HT samples as x = 0. 5 and x = 1 have been too more active than Co3O4. The presence of spinel phases as CuFe2O4 and/or CuxCoyO4 seems to be beneficial for catalytic activity. Moreover, the presence of copper and cobalt species in different oxidation states due to reductive effect of the catalytic test leads to the creation of ion pairs as Cu+-Co3+, Cu2+-Co2+, Co2+-Co3+ and Cu+-Cu2+ very active in this oxidation reaction
Piquet, Nicolas. „Microstructures interconnectées dans des eutectiques à base d'oxydes réfractaires élaborés par solidification dirigée“. Paris 12, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA120005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of new ultra high temperature structural materials in aerospace field and in particular for gas turbine applications is a real challenge nowadays. In fact, the use of superalloys at temperatures beyond 1150°C will be difficult despite of the different studies done to increase their heat-resistance. We presented results obtained on oxide-oxide eutectic ceramic systems prepared by directional solidification using either an arc image furnace or a Bridgman type equipment, in order to study the influence of the thermal gradient and the solidification rate on the microstructure. These materials were synthesized from alumina and rare earth oxide (Re : Gd, Er, Eu, Yb, Dy)/yttrium oxide in the case of binary systems; zirconia was added as a third element for ternary systems. After solidification, the eutectic phases are alumina and either a perovskite phase ReAlO3 (Re : Gd, Eu) or a garnet phase Re3Al5O12 (Re : Y, Yb, Er, Dy) for the binary systems. For the ternary systems the phases are : alumina, cubic stabilized zirconia, and either a perovskite phase ReAlO3 (Re : Gd) or a garnet phase Re3Al5O12 (Re : Y, Er). Constituent phases, microstructures were characterized by X ray diffraction (phase identification, lattice cell parameters), and SEM/EDX (microstructural homogeneity, chemical composition). We evidenced crystallographic relationships between the different phases (TEM/HRTEM, EBSD) and crystalline homogeneity of the samples (EBSD). Moreover, the mechanical properties have been checked in correlation with microstructure. In particular, it has been established that the toughness of ternary systems is better than toughness of binary systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy experiments showed that residual stresses are low in binary systems (around 250 MPa) and that alumina phase is in compression. Finally, first compression creep tests (1450-1600°C), showed better creep resistance for ternary systems compared to binary ones. We also studied the influence of thermal cycling and moisture environment on the microstructure and showed their stability in some experimental conditions
BARBEY, LAURENCE. „Oxydes a valence mixte des systemes cu, fe, ni, co. Structures et proprietes magnetiques“. Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN2039.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTADUY, THANH. „Diffusion et electromigration dans des oxydes cubiques a haute temperature. Application aux oxydes de cobalt co#1##o et de manganese mn#1##o“. Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKempf, Jean-Yves. „Détermination des propriétés électroniques des oxydes de métaux de transition à base de vanadium“. Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemoulin, Rémi. „Etude structurale et cartographie du dopage dans des oxydes nanostructurés à base de sillicium“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR086/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe change of silicon optical and electrical properties induced by size reduction, due to the quantum confinement of charged carriers, is a well-known effect and allowed to develop new optoelectronic devices. As in bulk silicon, doping should allow to optimize these properties in nanostructured silicon. However, the characteristics of doping of nanostructured silicon still misunderstood and many questions, concerning the location of impurities and their activation state, remain unanswered. Moreover, in these materials, the environment of impurities seems to inuence strongly all of their properties. The purpose of this thesis is to get a better understanding of structural characteristics of doping at the atomic scale in function of the nature of the impurity, the host matrix, and the elaboration technic. In this way, we have investigated two di_erent systems using atom probe tomography. The first concerns a rare earth doping of hafnium silicates. We have evidenced that the clustering of HfO2 nano-grains crystallized in their cubic form induced an efficient energy transfer with praseodymium ions. The second system concern the n and p type doping of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silica. We have demonstrated the important introduction of n type impurities (As, P) in the core of every nanocrystals, independently of the elaboration technic. This introduction of impurities should allow the formation of highly doped silicon nanocrystals. A different behavior has been observed in the case of p type doping, represented by the aggregation of Boron at the interface between the nanocrystals and the silica matrix
Babé, Céline. „Oxydes simples et mixtes à base de ZnO pour l'adsorption réactive de molécules organosoufrées“. Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10167.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent legislation impose that in 2009 sulfur content in gasoline and diesel to be less than 10 ppm. Today hydrodesulphurization allows to get this value but it is expensive, and new processes are therefore developed. Among these alternative processes, the reactive adsorption which allows removing sulfur keeping the hydrocarbon chain in the feed appears promising. The aim of our work is to study zinc, iron and aluminum based oxides on which can be used in such a process. To understand the effect of each element (Zn, Fe and Al), simples, doubles and triples oxides have been examined. The study of ZnO sulfidation by H2S allows us to perfect a method on the use of breakthrough curve. A geometric and kinetic modeling of the sulfidation demonstrates that large particles are not completely sulfided due to a diffusion limitation in ZnS. Studies of the sulfidation of oxides by H2S and of the reactive adsorption of DBT (model molecule of refractory compound in diesel) show that simple oxides (ZnO, Fe2O3) are completely sulfided with H2S but don’t react with DBT. To perform reactive adsorption of DBT, the solid must contain iron for the desulphurization of the molecule and zinc to adsorb sulfur
Benamara, Omar. „Croissance physique d'îlots de Pt et Co sur oxydes pour l'auto-organisation de nano-bâtonnets de Co élaborés par synthèse chimique“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe subject of this thesis is to be part of strategies in order to organize nanostructures, particularly strategies to increase information density in magnetic media. The synthesis techniques used in chemistry (LPCNO-INSA laboratory) is allowed to develop monocrystalline nanorods of cobalt whose ferromagnetic properties in terms of anisotropy and magnetization present a great interest for applications in the field of magnetic storage. The success in controling the growth of these nanorods arranged perpendicularly on a substrate can lead to achieve a high density media. We tested the perpendicular growth of monocrystalline nanorods of cobalt on a continuous and epitaxial layer of Pt (111) grown on a substrate of sapphire (Al2O3) and showed that this combination of two types of deposits (physical and chemical) give actually a dense and perpendicular network of Co nanorods. In the aim to organizing this growth and decoupling physically the nanorods we studied the growth of these Co nanorods on 3D metallic islands of Pt and Co. In the first part we studied the crystal structure, morphology, size distributions and the stress state of Pt and Co islands deposited on the surface (0001) of sapphire and (001) surface of MgO by sputtering. And in the second part, we studied the growth of Co nanorods on a Pt and Co islands mastered in the previous step
Corbos, Elena Cristina. „Effets du support et des ajouts sur les propriétés de stockage des NOx de catalyseurs à base de baryum : sensibilité au souffre“. Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2297.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work is to study the influence of various parameters on the NOx storage properties and sulfur resistance of Ba based NOx trap catalysts. In the first part, we studied the influence of the support oxide (Al2O3, SiO2, Al2O3-5,5SiO2 and Ce0,7Zr0,3O2) and the Ba loading. These parameters influence Pt and Ba dispersion and thus the Pt-Ba proximity, the basicity of the catalysts and the NOx storage. The addition of CO2 and H2O in the inlet gas has an inhibiting effect on the NOx storage capacity due to (i) CO2/NOx competition for the storage sites - increasing with the basicity and the temperature and (ii) a decrease of NO oxidation activity and NOx storage on the support sites (H2O). Compared to Al, CeZr support oxide leads to a decrease of about 100°C of bulk BaSO4 reduction temperature, thus leading to a better sulfur elimination during the regeneration of the sulfated catalysts. In the second part we investigated the influence of the catalysts preparation, the activation treatment and the effect of additives to Ba (Fe, Mn and Ce) on the properties of Pt/Ba/Al catalysts. The activation of the catalysts under N2 before ageing led to an increase of Pt and Ba dispersion and thus to an increase of the NOx storage. The addition of Mn and Ce to Pt/Ba/Al catalysts contributes to improve the storage properties. Adding Mn and Fe to a catalyst with a low barium content leads to an increase of the sulfur resistance regarding NOx storage. Finally, even if the sulfur regeneration of the modified catalysts is less efficient than for non modified ones, the formers are more actives regarding NOx storage after regeneration
Carcan, Benjamin. „Super-réseaux à base de BiFeO3 et de LaFeO3 : croissance, étude structurale et transitions de phases“. Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to environmental issue the lead free multiferroic system Bi1-xTRxFeO3 (TR :La, Sm, Dy) constitute an alternative to PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) widely used in transducers. Indeed, it was recently observed in these compounds an important piezoelectric properties linked to a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), which acts like a bridge between R3c and Pnma phases. This MPB shows a variety of structure (adaptive, incommensurate, antiferroelectric) and properties that are not understood yet. Our approach to better understand this system lies on the growth and characterization of superlattices based on BiFeO3 and LaFeO3 (BFO/LFO). The principal steps of this work were the growth by pulsed laser deposition and the structural characterization (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy) of BFO(1-x)Λ/LFOxΛ and BFO0,5Λ/LFO0,5Λ superlattices. Room temperature structural investigations reveal the existence of PbZrO3 like anti-polar ordering in BFO layers. The anti-polar order presents specific domain stability and an induced structural modification toward a Pnma state is observed depending on the relative ratio x in the period and the number of interfaces. Temperature-dependent investigations demonstrate a structural phase transition from the PbZrO3 like anti-polar order to the Pnma like paraelectric structure at high temperature. An observed scaling of the Tc with the BFO thickness highlights the role of the strain. However strain only cannot explain the observed antiferroelectric like state and oxygen octahedral tilt compatibility at the interfaces of the superlattices must be taken into account
Friederich, Blandine. „Développement de nouveaux systèmes retardateurs de flammes à base de nanocomposites plus respectueux de l'environnement“. Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ012S/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFollowing the restrictions made by the United Nations and the European Community on certain halogenated flame-retardants, the current market demand tends to move towards non-halogenated compounds such as phosphorous flame-retardants. However, it is necessary to use high amounts of material for reaching interesting fire resistance properties, resulting in a drop of mechanical properties. This led us to combine a part of the phosphorous compounds with nanoscale metal oxides, known for their ability to improve the stability of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).We have first studied the effect of nanoparticles (titanium dioxide, alumina and boehmite) on the thermal diffusivity of PMMA, in order to highlight a mode of action of these additives during the thermal degradation of PMMA. A part of these metal oxides have then been substituted by two flame-retardants based on phosphorus and nitrogen: ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP). In the obtained ternary systems (APP/MPP/metal oxide), the properties of fire resistance and thermal stability were studied and also the mechanisms involved in the degradation. Gaseous and condensed phases have been analyzed for this purpose
Iezid, Mostepha. „Propriétés physiques et mise en œuvre des verres à base d’oxydes lourds“. Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work concerns the synthesis and the characterization of new glasses in the Sb₂O₃ – CdCl₂ – SrCl₂ system. Quaternary systems were obtained by partial substitution of SrCl2 by elements of groups IA and IIA and CdCl₂ with ZnCl₂. The vitreous domains were enlarged and stability increases for antimony-rich compositions. Physicochemical characterizations were implemented using various techniques. The evolution of stability, mechanical and thermo mechanical properties were interpreted on the basis of a structural model specific to antimonite glass. This model was discussed again to account for the NMR MAS ¹¹³Cd results. The Sb₂O₃ – CdCl₂ matrix was doped with trivalent lanthanides and several excitation and emission spectra were reported