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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Overriding mandatory provisions, foreign judgments"
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Cordero Álvarez, Clara Isabel. „Incidencia de las normas imperativas en los contratos internacionales: especial referencia a las normas de terceros estados desde una aproximación europea = Overriding mandatory provisions in international contracts: a special reference to foreign overriding mandatory provisions from a European approach“. CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 9, Nr. 2 (05.10.2017): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2017.3870.
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Resumen: Este trabajo analiza algunas cuestiones que plantea la aplicación de las leyes de policía en el ámbito del Derecho contractual de la UE. Por cuanto se refiere a las normas de este tipo de terceros Estados su aplicación resulta significativamente más compleja, en especial si analizamos su tratamiento en el Reglamento Roma I, mucho más restrictivo que su predecesor el Convenio de Roma de 1980. En este contexto la reciente sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia (Nikiforidis) resulta muy relevante, ya que abre la posibilidad a los Estados miembros para tomar en consideración normas de policía de terceros Estados como elemento fáctico en el marco de la lex contractus, sin sujetarla a las restricciones y condicionantes previstos en el art. 9.3.Palabras clave: leyes de policía, normas imperativas, Derecho contractual europeo, Reglamento Roma I, sentencia Nikiforidis.Abstract: This paper addresses some of the issues raised by the application of overriding mandatory provisions, from a European approach. With regard to foreign overriding mandatory provisions, their application is significantly more complex. This approach appears in European Contract Law, particularly regarding the treatment of this issue in the Rome I Regulation, which is much more restrictive than the Rome Convention of 1980. In this context, the recent case law of European Court of Justice (Nikiforidis case) is very significant. Since the judgment gives Member States the possibility to take into account foreign overriding mandatory provisions, as a factual element within the framework of the applicable law to the contract, outside the scope of article 9.3 of the Rome I Regulation.Keywords: overriding mandatory provisions, mandatory rules, European Contract Law, Rome I Regulation, Nikiforidis case.
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Kronenberg, Alexander. „Foreign overriding mandatory provisions under the regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I Regulation). Judgment of the European Court of Justice of 18 october 2016, case c-135/15 = Leyes de policía de terceros estados en el ámbito del reglamento (CE) No 593/2008 (Reglamento Roma I). Comentario a la STJUE de 18 de octubre de 2016, asunto c-135/15“. CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, Nr. 2 (05.10.2018): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4409.
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Abstract: The role and treatment of foreign overriding mandatory provisions in international contract law have been subject to academic discussions for a long time. This has not changed with the introduction of Article 9 of the Rome I Regulation. In the judgment discussed in this case note, the European Court of Justice addressed some of the contentious issues in relation to Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation. This note examines and evaluates the solutions found by the ECJ and puts them into context. It also points out some questions the ECJ did not discuss; these questions remain open for now but will need to be addressed in the future.Keywords: Article 9(3) Rome I Regulation, foreign overriding mandatory provisions, conflict-of-law level consideration, substantive law level consideration, principle of sincere cooperation.Resumen: El tratamiento de las leyes de policía de terceros estados en derecho de contratos internacionales ha sido objeto de la polémica desde hace tiempo. Esto no ha cambiado con la entrada en vigor del artículo 9 del Reglamento Roma I. Con la sentencia comentada el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea ha tratado algunas de la cuestiones debatidas respecto al artículo 9.3 del Reglamento Roma I. Este comentario analiza, evalúa y pone en contexto las soluciones encontradas por el TJUE. También aborda las cuestiones que no han sido comentadas por el TJUE; estas cuestiones permanecen abiertas por el momento pero deberán ser examinadas en el futuro.Palabras clave: leyes de policía de terceros estados, consideración en nivel conflictual, consideración en nivel sustantivo, principio de cooperación leal.
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Surdykowska, Barbara. „Ochrona interesów publicznych w Rozporządzeniu Rzym I w kontekście zróżnicowania standardów pracowniczych w UE“. Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 20, Nr. 1 (2021): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2021.20.01.15.
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The paper refers to the concept of public interest contained in Art. 9 of the Rome I Regulation. The author argues that in the light of the processes taking place on the labor market (such as the digitization of the labor market and employment via platforms) and problems with defining the scope of the directive on posted workers in the context of drivers of international transport, courts may treat national regulations in the field of labor law as overriding mandatory provisions. The main goal of the paper is to draw attention to the need to increase the interest in the doctrine of labor law in the sphere of the potential application of Art. 9 Rome I. With regard to employment issues, a question arises regarding the minimum wage applicable in a given country in conjunction with the issue of the freedom to provide services. The European Court of Justice referred to the issue of ensuring fair remuneration of employees as an important element of the “overriding general interest” justifying the restriction of the freedom to provide services. In the deliberations in the Mazzoleni judgment, the ECJ also emphasized that the application of the minimum wage of the country in which the service is performed may be a disproportionate burden, especially in a situation where the enterprise providing the services is located in the border territory and the work performed in the host country is temporary, short and part-time. An interesting issue is the “translation” of the considerations contained in the aforementioned judgment into the emerging employment through internet platforms. Some background for the above considerations is the fact that in the literature of private international law, among the overriding mandatory provisions, the most frequently indicated are anti-monopoly provisions, in the field of foreign exchange law, regarding the prohibition of import or export of certain goods, but this is also important from the point of view of the paper, more and more often regulations based on a private-law method of regulation. The paper also includes considerations regarding the concept of “public interest”.
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Remien, Oliver. „Commercial Agents, the Directive and European Private International Law“. European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 3 (01.09.2020): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020030.
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The protection of commercial agents under Directive 86/653 in international cases raises questions of private international law. Here, several different fact situations are analysed: In, first, the normal single market case where commercial agent and principal both are active in Member States, Article 3 (4) Reg. Rome I assures protection of the commercial agent even where the law of a third country has been chosen by the parties. Where, second, the principal is from a third state but the commercial agent is active in the single market, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in Ingmar has ruled that the protection according to the Directive applies. Its rules then should be considered as overriding mandatory provisions in the sense of Article 9 Reg. Rome I. Where, third, the protection provided for by the Directive has in Member State law been extended to commercial agents not covered by the Directive, this extended protection according to the UNAMAR judgment of the ECJ may under certain conditions override even the law of another Member State – and the Belgian Court of Cassation has actually decided in this sense. In the specific case, though, the result is odd and apparently helped to oust an arbitration clause. Fourthly, in case of an extra-EU commercial agent and an EU-principal, according to the ECJ case Agro the protection foreseen by the Directive need not necessarily be granted to the foreign commercial agent by the applicable Member State law. This, according to the ECJ, even is the case where the EU-provisions have been transplanted into the legal system of the third state where the commercial agent is active. It is shown that this is very questionable and that the third state rule can – similarly to Ingmar – be an overriding mandatory provision. The restrictive Article 9 (3) Reg. Rome I here poses some problems, which, however, can be overcome. The Belgian Enterprise Court in Ghent in fact used Article 7 Rome Convention
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Wowerka, Arkadiusz. „Obce przepisy wymuszające swoje zastosowanie. Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 18 października 2016 r. w sprawie C-135/15 Republika Grecji przeciwko Grigoriosowi Nikiforidisowi“. Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego 25 (31.12.2019): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pppm.2019.25.05.
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This commentary examines the judgement of the CJEU of 18 October 2016 in case C-135/15 Republik Griechenland v. Grigorios Nikiforidis. The judgement in question concerns the issue of treatment of foreign overriding mandatory provisions under the Article 9(3) of Regulation No 593/2008. This topic is the subject to a great deal of controversy and academic discussion. The ECJ concluded that the mentioned provision must be interpreted as precluding overriding mandatory provisions other than those of the State of the forum or of the State where the obligations arising out of the contract have to be or have been performed from being applied, as legal rules, by the court of the forum, but as not precluding it from taking such other overriding mandatory provisions into account as matters of fact in so far as this is provided for by the national law that is applicable to the contract pursuant to the Regulation. This interpretation is not affected by the principle of sincere cooperation laid down in Article 4(3) TEU. In this respect the judgement of CJEU brings significant clarification on the question, whether a court of the forum can have regard to foreign overriding mandatory provisions, which do not belong to the legal system of the country of performance of the contract on the level of the applicable substantive law. However, there are still questions arising under Article 9(3) of Rome I Regulation, which need to be clarified.
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Zachariasiewicz, Maria-Anna. „Metoda unilateralna w prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym. Uwagi na marginesie orzeczenia TSUE w sprawie C-135/15 Republika Grecji przeciwko Grigoriosowi Nikiforidisowi“. Problemy Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego 29 (29.12.2021): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pppm.2021.29.05.
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The article confronts the unilateral and multilateral methods in private international law. The author first identifies the basic differences between the two. She then moves to describe the instruments and concepts resulting from the unilateral method: the theories of the Statutists in the period between 12th to 19th centuries, the solutions offered by the so called new American school, the method of recognition of private situations crystallized in a foreign legal system, the rules governing the spatial scope of the EU provisions, including the regulations and the directives, and finally the paradigm of the overriding mandatory rules.
The second part of the paper provides a comment to the Nikiforidis case. The author makes a number of critical remarks with respect to the restrictive and rigid interpretation of Article 9(3) adopted by the CJEU. The argument is made that the more flexible and functional approach proposed by the Attorney General Maciej Szpunar in his Opinion should be preferred. Finally, the author makes her own proposition regarding the Nikiforidis case. She advocates a unilateral methodology that rejects the distinction between the overriding mandatory rules of the legis fori, legis causae and these of a third country.
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Alhadidi, Ismaeel. „The Legal Status of the Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea in 1978 (Hamburg Rules) before the Jordanian Judge Compared to the French Judge“. Jordanian Journal of Law and Political Science 14, Nr. 1 (30.03.2022): 147–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/jjlps.v14i1.338.
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This study aims to compare the legal status of the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (Hamburg, 1978) (Hamburg Rules) before the Jordanian judge with its legal status before his French homologue. It is illustrated that the Jordanian judge is bound by the provisions of the Convention since his country became a party to it in 2001. Therefore, the Jordanian judge cannot ignore the criteria of applicability prescribed in Article 2 of the Convention. In addition, when the two parties to the contract designate the Convention as a governing law, it becomes applicable ex proprio vigore. While the French judge finds a leeway when called to pronounce on the applicability of the Convention due to the fact that France did not accede to it. That is why he treats it as a foreign legislation. In fact, the French judge does not give efficacity to the Convention except if his private international law does. This happens mainly when the two parties to the contract of carriage of goods choose the Convention as the law governing their contract. Such an agreementcan be construed as a raise of the limits of the responsibility of the carrier and his obligations whose validity is recognized by the French judge’s legislation. Furthermore, the French judge can give effect to the agreement on the basis of the notion of foreign overriding mandatory rules since his private international law allows him to do so.
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Mykhailichenko, Tetiana Oleksandrivna. „Liability of legal entities as a prerequisite for the implementation of the Medicrime Convention“. Herald of the Association of Criminal Law of Ukraine 2, Nr. 16 (20.12.2021): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2311-9640.2021.16.244390.
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It is examined in the article the provisions of current criminal law in terms of compliance with international legal obligations, which Ukraine has been taken while ratified the Convention on the counterfeiting of medical products and similar crimes involving threats to public health (the Medicrime Convention) in terms of liability of legal entities for the creation and circulation of counterfeit medical products. It was proved that in fact there is no such responsibility, and, therefore, the obligation is not fulfilled. A number of explanatory notes were also analyzed, which determined the range of criminal offenses for the commission of which measures of a criminal nature may be applied to a legal entity. It is established that no obstacles or arguments for non-inclusion in paragraph 1 of part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine there are no pharmaceutical crimes.
An analysis of the leading international experience in the implementation of liability of legal entities for these acts, in particular, Spain, Germany and Switzerland. In addition, judgments of foreign states, which proves that pharmaceutical crimes are crimes that can be committed by transnational organized crime. Therefore, the obligation to expand the range of crimes under Part 1 of Art. 96-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine follows from the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
It was emphasized that in order to effectively counter the spread of counterfeit medical products, it is necessary to expand the powers of the State Medical Service to control the quality of medical products without prior notice of inspection of business entities (Law of Ukraine" On Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)" 2007 № 877).
It is necessary to bring the national legislation in line with Art. 11 of the Medicrime Convention to escape from all drawbacks due to expansion range of crimes that could help to make responsible the legal entities in criminal law. For this purpose, it is mandatory to add paragraph 1 Part 1 of Art. 96-3 by reference to Articles 305 and 321-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
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„Chronology of Practice: Chinese Practice in Private International Law in 2022“. Chinese Journal of International Law, 19.12.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmad043.
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Abstract This survey contains materials reflecting the Chinese practice of private international law in 2022. Firstly, the changes in the statutory framework of private international law in China include two legislative acts and one administrative regulation. Moreover, three international treaties in this regard were ratified by the National People’s Congress. Secondly, three judicial interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) were adopted or amended, and 56 typical cases in six judicial documents on different topics were issued by the SPC. Thirdly, four typical cases on Chinese courts’ jurisdiction; 14 cases on choice of laws on various issues such as foreign investment contracts and negative lists, rights in rem, life insurance contracts and mandatory rules; one case on international judicial assistance rendered to an Argentinean court; three cases on interim measures; three cases on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments; nine cases on international arbitration including international sports arbitration and foreign awards, are selected in this survey for their emerging significance. Fourthly, the provisions regarding the extraterritorial application of Chinese laws have been identified for the first time in this series of surveys, shedding light on this aspect of private international law in China. They include those contained in, inter alia, China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, Anti-foreign Sanctions Law, Export Control Law, Securities Law, the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures, as well as the Provisions on the Unreliable Entity List.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Overriding mandatory provisions, foreign judgments"
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Zhao, Yi. „La loi de police en droit international privé français et chinois“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0001.
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Le mécanisme des lois de police en droit international privé chinois est un produit importé et sa définition législative est influencée par la définition européenne. Bien que la définition française de loi de police et la définition chinoise ne soient pas textuellement identiques, il nous semble que la notion de loi de police ne change pas selon qu’il s’agit de droit français ou de droit chinois. Cependant, n’étant prévu par le droit positif chinois que depuis 2011, le mécanisme des lois de police est relativement jeune, non seulement au regard de ce mécanisme lui-même mais aussi au regard de ses relations avec d’autres mécanismes de droit international privé ayant des liens avec lui, comme l’exception d’ordre public international. Nous chercherons les expériences françaises en la matière et étudierons la notion française et chinoise de loi de police, d’autres mécanismes de droit international privé en lien avec le mécanisme des lois de police et les illustrations des lois de police dans la jurisprudence. Malgré les critiques, l’application immédiate et impérative est toujours le caractère le plus important des lois de police du for dans l’instance directe, mais ce n’est le cas ni pour l’instance indirecte ni pour les lois de police étrangères. Selon la jurisprudence française et chinoise, le non-respect par le juge étranger ou par un tribunal arbitral de la loi de police de l’État requis n’entraîne pas automatiquement le refus de reconnaissance ou d’exécution. Concernant les lois de police étrangères, le texte législatif chinois est muet, mais cela ne signifie pas que l’application ou la prise en considération de la loi de police étrangère est interdite en droit chinoisThe overriding mandatory provisions in Chinese private international law is imported and its legislative definition is incorporated by the European one. Although the French definition of overriding mandatory provisions and the Chinese definition are not textually identical, it seems to us that the notion of overriding mandatory provisions does not change depending on whether it is French law or Chinese law. However, having been provided for by Chinese positive law only since 2011, the overriding mandatory provisions mechanism is relatively young, not only with regard to this mechanism itself but also to its relations with other mechanisms of private international law having links with it, such as the international public policy exception. We will seek French experiences in this area and study the French and Chinese notion of overriding mandatory provisions, other mechanisms of private international law in connection with them and their illustrations in case law. Despite the criticisms, the immediate and mandatory application is always the most important character of the overriding mandatory provisions of the forum in the direct instance, but this is not the case for foreign overriding mandatory provisions or for the indirect instance. According to French and Chinese case law, the non-respect by the foreign judge or by an arbitral tribunal of the overriding mandatory provisions of the requested state does not automatically result in the refusal of recognition or enforcement. Regarding the foreign overriding mandatory provisions, the Chinese legislative text is silent, but this does not mean that their application or take into consideration is prohibited in Chinese law
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Adel, Zaher Mina. „L'ordre public dans les relations privées internationales : l'exemple des contrats internationaux devant le juge étatique“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3057.
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L’autonomie de la volonté est un principe relatif à la liberté des parties quant au choix de la loi applicable au contrat international. Cependant, ce principe est limité par les règles d’ordre public, et plus généralement les dispositions impératives, réduisant l’étendue de cette autonomie. Afin de perfectionner la mise en application de ces règles tout en garantissant une certaine prévisibilité, il s’avère important d’étudier en détail l’origine et la nature des règles d’ordre public. Une étude comparée avec le droit international privé égyptien s’avère nécessaire pour perfectionner les mécanismes actuels. Le débat conceptuel actuel met en évidence le rôle de la coopération internationale, outre les intérêts purement étatiques, ce qui suscitera un nouvel ordre public transnational, voire supranationalThe freedom of choice is a principle referring to the freedom of the parties concerning the choice of the law ruling the international contract. However, this principle is limited by public policy, which reduce the extent of this freedom. In order to improve the application of these rules with a minimum of predictability, it is important to study in detail the origin and nature of the rules of public policy. A comparative study with Egyptian private international law is needed to take advantage from all current mechanisms. The current conceptual debate highlights the role of international cooperation, in addition to purely State interests, which will tend to create a new transnational, or even supranational, public policy
Buchteile zum Thema "Overriding mandatory provisions, foreign judgments"
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Đorđević, Slavko. „ODSTUPANjA OD SPORAZUMNOG IZBORA MERODAVNOG PRAVA ZA UGOVORE U PRIVREDI SA ELEMENTOM INOSTRANOSTI – NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA IZ UGLA MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA SRBIJE“. In XXI vek - vek usluga i uslužnog prava. [Knj. 14], 15–33. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxiv-14.015dj.
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This paper deals with the exceptions from the parties’ choice of applicable law for commercial contracts, which may occur if: (a) chosen foreign law violates domestic ordre public; (b) parties intentionally create the circumstances which enable them to choose foreign law in order to evade the mandatory provisions of domestic law (fraus legis); (c) the overriding mandatory provisions need to be applied to commercial contracts. After explaining the boundaries of parties’ right to choose the law applicable to commercial contracts, author analyses each of the mentioned exceptions from the point of view of Serbian private international law.
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„Applying or Taking Account of Foreign Overriding Mandatory Provisions - Sophism under the Rome I Regulation“. In Yearbook of Private International Law Vol. XIX - 2017/2018, 53–82. Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/9783504386078-005.
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