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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Orthogonal grid plan“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Orthogonal grid plan"
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Peixoto, Renan Falcheti, und Maria Beatriz Borba Florenzano. „Um planejamento ortogonal guliveriano: uma leitura modular da Túrio do período clássico“. Tempo 27, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2021v270101.
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Abstract: This paper uses the Gulliverian metaphor to examine the organization of a well-known Classical orthogonal planning in Magna Graecia, south Italy. After observing the relationship between the elements of the urban grid of Thourioi, we will propose the application of a modular unit formed by the sum of ten Attic feet by the geometer of its urban plan. According to our main argument here, this module orientated the land-measurement of Thourioi by co-measuring the width of ithe roadway network and width/length of blocks, lots, and “major rectangles”. Furthermore, certain alignments in its planning are physically established, as it will be demonstrated in the case of its major roads. Thourioi calls forth through its compositional structure of older formulas a wider horizon of orthogonal planning tradition, an ancient scansion rhythm reified in archaeological patterns of many Greek Western foundations since the VIII century BC.
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Fu, Yang, Yao, Jiao und Zhu. „A Regional Photovoltaic Output Prediction Method Based on Hierarchical Clustering and the mRMR Criterion“. Energies 12, Nr. 20 (09.10.2019): 3817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203817.
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Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is greatly affected by meteorological environmental factors, with obvious fluctuations and intermittencies. The large-scale PV power generation grid connection has an impact on the source-load stability of the large power grid. To scientifically and rationally formulate the power dispatching plan, it is necessary to realize the PV output prediction. The output prediction of single power plants is no longer applicable to large-scale power dispatching. Therefore, the demand for the PV output prediction of multiple power plants in an entire region is becoming increasingly important. In view of the drawbacks of the traditional regional PV output prediction methods, which divide a region into sub-regions based on geographical locations and determine representative power plants according to the correlation coefficient, this paper proposes a multilevel spatial upscaling regional PV output prediction algorithm. Firstly, the sub-region division is realized by an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition and hierarchical clustering. Secondly, a representative power plant selection model is established based on the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) criterion. Finally, the PV output prediction for the entire region is achieved through the output prediction of representative power plants of the sub-regions by utilizing the Elman neural network. The results from a case study show that, compared with traditional methods, the proposed prediction method reduces the normalized mean absolute error (nMAE) by 4.68% and the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) by 5.65%, thereby effectively improving the prediction accuracy.
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Pakkanen, Jari, Maria Costanza Lentini, Apostolos Sarris, Esko Tikkala und Meropi Manataki. „Recording and Reconstructing the Sacred Landscapes of Sicilian Naxos“. Open Archaeology 5, Nr. 1 (01.11.2019): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2019-0026.
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AbstractIn recent years, an on-going project investigating the urban landscape of Naxos has surveyed and produced several new digital reconstructions of the settlement’s simple non-peripteral temples, most with highly decorative roofs. Three Archaic sacred buildings of Sicilian Naxos are used to demonstrate different approaches to recording the remains and reconstructing their architectural features. This work reflects changes in digital strategies over the past ten years. Tempietto H is a small shrine located outside the city’s boundaries and the site is currently inaccessible, so its reconstruction is based on excavation documentation and roof terracottas. The visible half of Tempietto C was documented using three-dimensional line-drawing with total stations and photogrammetry; the back-filled south-western part was surveyed with ground penetrating radar. Temple B is the largest sacred structure in Naxos. A geophysical survey gives new data on the eastern extent of the sanctuary. The area has been recorded with handheld and aerial photography to create a three-dimensional model of the sanctuary. A new orthogonal grid of the city was established circa 470 BCE and a rectangular base was placed in the south-east corner of every crossroad. These bases were the starting point for the plan, and their interpretation as altars converts the entire urban plan into a sacred landscape.
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Nejati, Faezeh, Mahmood Hosseini und Amir Mahmoudzadeh. „Design of repairable regular steel buildings with square plan based on seesaw motion of building structure and using DADAS dampers“. International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, Nr. 3 (12.06.2017): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2016-0025.
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Purpose Almost design code is required for repairability of the buildings after a major earthquake. One such idea is “directed-damage design” (DDD), which means guiding the damage to some pre-decided parts of the structural system. To use the DDD idea for creation of repairable buildings, in this study, a structural system with seesaw motion with respect to a central massive support has been considered for steel buildings with square plan, and the bottom ends of the all circumferential columns at the lowest story have been equipped with double-ADAS (DADAS) dampers, which dissipate a great portion of the seismic input energy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hysteretic behavior of DADAS dampers by using finite element analysis. At first, a set of regular steel multistory buildings with five stories have been designed based on the conventional code provisions. Then, the structures of the designed buildings have been changed into the structure with seesaw motion by using, at the base level of the building, a massive central column, eliminating other middle columns, and equipping circumferential columns with DADAS dampers. Design/methodology/approach For repairability buildings in the last three mentioned studies a set of orthogonal strong girders, in the form of grid, has been used. In the present study, the number of bays in the considered building is four in both directions. A major modification has been made in the yielding-plate energy dissipating elements of the circumferential columns, which makes their manufacturing and installation much practical as illustrated in the following sections of the paper. Findings In the proposed rocking structural system for regular multistory steel buildings, creation of the possibility of rocking motion has been done by using a space truss resting on a huge central hinge support at base level with a series of circumferential energy dissipating columns at that level. Originality/value One such idea is DDD idea, which means guiding the damage to some pre-decided parts of the structural system.
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Chan, H. C., C. W. Cai und Y. K. Cheung. „An Analytical Method for Static Analysis of Double Layer Grids“. International Journal of Space Structures 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 1989): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635118900400204.
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An analytical method for the static analysis of double layer grids consisting of diagonals and top and bottom layers which are plane orthogonal grids is presented. It is assumed that the double layer grid is simply supported at all nodes located at the boundary of the top layer. By using the double U-transformation technique, exact solutions for the nodal displacements and axial forces of the bars in the double layer grid can be derived. The validity of the method is demonstrated with a simple example.
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DEMAINE, ERIK D., JOHN IACONO und STEFAN LANGERMAN. „GRID VERTEX-UNFOLDING ORTHOSTACKS“. International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 20, Nr. 03 (Juni 2010): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195910003281.
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Biedl et al.1 presented an algorithm for unfolding orthostacks into one piece without overlap by using arbitrary cuts along the surface. They conjectured that orthostacks could be unfolded using cuts that lie in a plane orthogonal to a coordinate axis and containing a vertex of the orthostack. We prove the existence of a vertex unfolding using only such cuts.
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Nesvidomin, A. V., und O. V. Nesvidomina. „Construction of a family of flat curves according to the equations of isometric grids“. Energy and automation, Nr. 2(54) (22.06.2021): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.02.146.
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The article reveals an analytical description of the formation of families of orthogonal flat curved lines in the implicit form based on the analysis of the parametric equation of a flat isometric grid constructed by separating the real and imaginary parts of the function of a complex variable. This problem is due to the fact that flat isometric grids, as two families of orthogonal coordinate lines with square cells, are used in conformal mappings, for example, when drawing images on curved surfaces with the least distortion. At the same time, families of flat parallel lines are widely used in geometric modeling of heat transfer, electric fields, fluid flow, etc. There is a connection between these geometric images, which is explained by specific examples. Analytical calculations of deriving the parametric equation of an isometric grid are quite time-consuming, so they are performed in the environment of symbolic algebra Maple. For this purpose, the corresponding software of the interactive model of derivation of parametric equations of isometric grids for any initial function of a complex variable with the subsequent separation of its real and imaginary parts was created. It was found that the values of the abscissa and ordinates of the parametric equation of a flat isometric grid can be represented as explicit surface equations. For integer values of the power of the exponential function of the complex variable, the values of the abscissa and the ordinate will be represented by algebraic surfaces in the explicit form. The projections of the cross sections of the abscissa and ordinate surfaces by horizontal cutting planes on the horizontal plane form two families of curved lines, the equations of which can be obtained only implicitly. By the example of the quadratic function of a complex variable, it is proved that these families of lines are mutually perpendicular. The practical application of building a family of lines for geometric modeling of fluid flow lines that flow around the barrier in the form of a semicircle is shown. Key words: isometric grids, functions of a complex variable, families of orthogonal lines, geometric flow modeling
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Lv, Qingfang, Weiyang Wang und Ye Liu. „Flexural Performance of Cross-Laminated Bamboo (CLB) Slabs and CFRP Grid Composite CLB Slabs“. Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (03.11.2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6980782.
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In order to accord well with the requirements of sustainable development and green construction, a cross-laminated bamboo composed of an odd number of orthogonally oriented layers of bamboo scrimber is proposed in this paper. Adjacent bamboo layers are face-bonded by structural adhesives under pressure. The uniform mechanical and physical properties can be obtained through the orthogonal layup. Flexural performances of three groups of one-way CLB slabs and two groups of one-way CLB slabs strengthened with CFRP grids were investigated via four-point monotonic loading configuration until failure. Experimental parameters of thickness of the layer, number of layers, and manufacturing processes of CFRP grids were taken into consideration. Experimental observations showed that the failure of the CLB slab was brittle, and different failure modes were found in the CLB slab with CFRP grids via different manufacturing processes. Test results showed that the load-carrying capacity increased with the thickness of the layer, number of layers, and application of CFRP grids pressed in the bamboo layer, but the CFRP grids pressed in the interface of adjacent bamboo layers weakened the load-carrying capacity. The strain analysis demonstrated that the compression region was utilized with more efficiency via CFRP grids pressed in the bamboo layer, and the plane cross section assumption is suitable for both CLB slab and CLB slab strengthened with CFRP grids. A theoretical calculation method of flexural load-carrying capacity was proposed for the CLB slab, the accuracy of which was proved.
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Lee, Min Kyung. „An objective point of view: the orthogonal grid in eighteenth-century plans of Paris“. Journal of Architecture 17, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2012.659900.
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Lim, Sung June, Sang Min Baek, Min Sung Kim, Min Young Park und Chan Yik Park. „Progressive Damage Analysis of Plain Weave Fabric CFRP Orthogonal Grid Shell Under Bending Load“. Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 47, Nr. 4 (30.04.2019): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2019.47.4.256.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Orthogonal grid plan"
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Carlsson, Anna. „Grekiska städer, stadsplaner och bebyggelse : En jämförande studie över klassiska städer i norra Grekland“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446915.
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This thesis is a study of four cities and their city-plans. The purpose of the paper is to understand similarities and differences between cities in northern Greece during the Classical period. This is done with a comparative method and Kevin Lynch’s theory of the image of the city. The method and the theory are the foundation for the study. The research question used to be able to fulfil the purpose of the paper is Which similarities and differences exist in the construction of Classical cities in northern Greece and why does these similarities and differences exist? The general plans of the chosen cities are studied, not individual buildings and remains. Aspects such as roads, the placement of city walls, agora, public buildings, and residential areas are compared in the paper. The four cities that were studied in the paper were Amphipolis, Olynthus, Pella, and Thasos. All located in Macedonia or on Chalcidice and Thasos. They were selected based on a few criteria. All were known cities from the Classical period, had been excavated to quite a large extent and were not only religious places or burial grounds. The cities are not exact copies of each other. Olynthus and Pella are built after the Hippodamian plan, but Amphipolis and Thasos are built over time with an organic city-plan. Buildings, structures, and central places are the same in the different cities but how the cities are structured and how buildings are placed vary. The terrain, the landscape, traditions, philosophical ideas could all be part of the cause why the four compared cities have been structured differently. The land the cities have been built on vary which affect how a city can be planned and built. The result of the thesis is that the cities in northern Greece have similarities in what types of buildings and structures can be found in them. How the city is structured and organized are the differences in the city-plans and to which degree depends on multiple factors.
Buchteile zum Thema "Orthogonal grid plan"
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Martinelli, Nicola, und Giovanna Mangialardi. „Cities With Grid Layout“. In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 188–208. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3613-0.ch011.
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Might it be meaningful to think that an urban model such as the orthogonal grid layout, which has been a feature of cities for millennia, could still constitute a valid and practicable model today in the planning of contemporary cities? The authors believe that this reflection on the grid model might respond positively to earlier propositions, and these notes aim to supply a synthetic contribution to the book in that direction. In detail, in the first part of the chapter, an attempt is made to overcome a critical judgement as widespread as it is superficial that is traditionally applied to grid plan cities. The reflection is as follows: relationships between the physical form of the urban grid model and its evolutionary processes, its capacity of adhering to places and flexibility, its experimentations for a theory of special equality. In the second part of the chapter, setting out from the performance features of the model, the real conditions of the topicality of the grid plan are observed in contemporary experimentations of city planning.
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Fasolino, Isidoro. „Rules for a New Town After a Disaster“. In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 157–75. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3613-0.ch009.
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A catastrophic event, although often very painful, can provide a unique opportunity to experiment with new settlement models and improve the livability of a city or village. The reconstruction can, in fact, present a chance to reduce the effects of future disasters by improving the construction quality, avoiding hazardous locations, while also improving spaces for emergency management from the community. This chapter examines cities that were based on orthogonal or grid reconstruction plans, characterized by streets intersecting at right angles to form blocks of regular size and spacing. The case studies allow for a comparative analysis and allow a technical evaluation of the experiences of the past from which the main settlement rules for future interventions can be extracted. The logic of the reconstruction has been linked to design criteria that reduce the vulnerability of the settlement.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Orthogonal grid plan"
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Hosseinali, Mahdi, Stephen Wilkins, Lhendup Namgyal und Joseph Hall. „A Comparison of Classic and Snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition on the Three Dimensional Wall Jet Flow Field“. In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38602.
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In this paper, classic Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) on a polar coordinate and snapshot POD on a Cartesian grid will be applied separately in the near field of a turbulent wall jet. Three-component stereoscopic PIV measurements are performed in the transverse plane of a wall jet formed using a round contoured nozzle with a Reynolds number of 250,000. Eigenfunctions and energy distributions of the two methods are compared. Reconstructions using same number of modes and same content of energy have been compared. The effect of grid resolution on the energy content of the classic method has also been studied.
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Phan, Tuy N. M., John C. Wells, William D. Kirkey, Mohammad S. Islam und James S. Bonner. „Large Eddy Simulation of the Flow Field in the Hudson River“. In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-25011.
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Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been conducted under idealized conditions in two river reaches of the Hudson River (New York, USA), with near-bank resolution set to some 5 meters in order to resolve large-scale motions of turbulence in the near-bank regions. To simplify analysis, simulation is performed at a constant discharge corresponding to a typical ebb tide. A standard Smagorinsky model is implemented in the commercial package FLUENT, with buoyancy neglected and bottom roughness set to zero. We perform Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) on the LES results. POD modes are orthogonal flow fields that capture the kinetic energy in an optimally convergent fashion. Results show that only a few POD modes are enough to describe the most energetic flow dynamics. In a reach around the Indian Point power plant, the second and third modes reflect an interesting generation of separating eddies on the western bank, which we do not find with a URANS (standard k-ε) computation on the same grid. To test our simulation, a comparison of simulation results with other simulation results and Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data measured at West Point, New York will be presented.
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Shibata, Daisuke, und Takayuki Utsumi. „Numerical Solutions of Poisson Equation by the CIP-Basis Set Method“. In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89150.
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An accurate and reliable real space method for the ab initio calculation of electronic-structures of materials has been desired. Historically, the most popular method in this field has been the Plane Wave method. However, because the basis functions of the Plane Wave method are not local in real space, it is inefficient to represent the highly localized inner-shell electron state and it generally give rise to a large dense potential matrix which is difficult to deal with. Moreover, it is not suitable for parallel computers, because it requires Fourier transformations. These limitations of the Plane Wave method have led to the development of various real space methods including finite difference method and finite element method, and studies are still in progress. Recently, we have proposed a new numerical method, the CIP-Basis Set (CIP-BS) method [1], by generalizing the concept of the Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) method from the viewpoint of the basis set. This method uses a simple polynomial basis set that is easily extendable to any desired higher-order accuracy. The interpolating profile is chosen so that the sub-grid scale solution approaches the local real solution by the constraints from the spatial derivative of the original equation. Thus the solution even on the sub-grid scale becomes consistent with the master equation. By increasing the order of the polynomial, this solution quickly converges. The governing equations are unambiguously discretized into matrix form equations requiring the residuals to be orthogonal to the basis functions via the same procedure as the Galerkin method. We have already demonstrated that the method can be applied to calculations of the band structures for crystals with pseudopotentials. It has been certified that the method gives accurate solutions in the very coarse meshes and the errors converge rapidly when meshes are refined. Although, we have dealt with problems in which potentials are represented analytically, in Kohn-Sham equation the potential is obtained by solving Poisson equation, where the charge density is determined by using wave functions. In this paper, we present the CIP-BS method gives accurate solutions for Poisson equation. Therefore, we believe that the method would be a promising method for solving self-consistent eigenvalue problems in real space.
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Collier, Christopher M., Brandon Born und Jonathan F. Holzman. „Voltage Phase Control for Enhanced Addressability in Highly-Parallel Digital Microfluidic Architectures“. In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58055.
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Digital microfluidic architectures have been a source of great enthusiasm for on-chip fluid applications requiring precise control and reconfigurability. Droplet-based systems operating with exceedingly small volumes (pL) can make use of digital microfluidic control systems to direct fluid motion using voltages on cascaded electrode structures. The voltage on these electrodes can be adapted via software, thus the generalized templates offered by digital microfluidic systems can be tailored for numerous end-user applications. The work presented here addresses the two major challenges for implementing these digital microfluidics systems for end-user applications: parallel addressability and reduced input voltages. The challenges are overcome through dual-phase AC voltage routing in a 16×16 digital microfluidic multiplexer using low (10 Vrms) input voltages. The first challenge, related to parallel addressability, comes about because of the generalized template for digital microfluidics, with underlying square-grid electrodes forming a two-dimensional, M×N, plane. Such a structure cannot be readily scaled up for use in single-layered highly-parallel architectures as external address lines cannot be effectively contacted to internal square electrodes lying within a 2-dimensional. With this in mind, the work here introduces multiplexing with a cross-referenced architecture having only M+N input lines. Microdroplets lie between orthogonal overlying row electrodes and underlying column electrodes, and nonlinear threshold-voltage localization is used to initiate motion of the desired microdroplet in the two-dimensional plane. Microdroplet interference (motion of undesired microdroplets) along the activated row and column is avoided, as the applied voltage initiates motion only at the overlapped electrode region (where the voltage is doubled and above-threshold). A dual-phase AC voltage control system is used to address the above bi-layered cross-referenced electrode structure and simultaneously provides a natural solution to the second, reduced voltage, challenge of practical digital microfluidic architectures. Reduced input voltages can be achieved in the digital microfluidic system through an integrated centre-tap AC transformer (a dielectric layer in the digital microfluidic multiplexer limits the current and power consumption, allowing for step-up voltage transformation). The dual-phase outputs from this voltage transformer are 180° out-of-phase, and the AC signals from these outputs are routed to the appropriate row and column electrodes to bring about above-threshold motion. Controlled switching is demonstrated in this work for input voltages below 10 Vrms. Structural and electrical design issues for this dual-phase AC digital microfluidic integrated chip are addressed in this work, and results are presented for an integrated digital microfluidic multiplexer prototype.