Zeitschriftenartikel: „Oriented cell division“

1

Strutt, David. „Organ Shape: Controlling Oriented Cell Division“. Current Biology 15, Nr. 18 (September 2005): R758—R759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.08.053.

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2

Castanon, I., und M. González-Gaitán. „Oriented cell division in vertebrate embryogenesis“. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 23, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2011): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2011.09.009.

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3

Dewey, Evan, Danielle Taylor und Christopher Johnston. „Cell Fate Decision Making through Oriented Cell Division“. Journal of Developmental Biology 3, Nr. 4 (14.12.2015): 129–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb3040129.

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4

Hart, Kevin C., Jiongyi Tan, Kathleen A. Siemers, Joo Yong Sim, Beth L. Pruitt, W. James Nelson und Martijn Gloerich. „E-cadherin and LGN align epithelial cell divisions with tissue tension independently of cell shape“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 29 (03.07.2017): E5845—E5853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701703114.

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Tissue morphogenesis requires the coordinated regulation of cellular behavior, which includes the orientation of cell division that defines the position of daughter cells in the tissue. Cell division orientation is instructed by biochemical and mechanical signals from the local tissue environment, but how those signals control mitotic spindle orientation is not fully understood. Here, we tested how mechanical tension across an epithelial monolayer is sensed to orient cell divisions. Tension across Madin–Darby canine kidney cell monolayers was increased by a low level of uniaxial stretch, which oriented cell divisions with the stretch axis irrespective of the orientation of the cell long axis. We demonstrate that stretch-induced division orientation required mechanotransduction through E-cadherin cell–cell adhesions. Increased tension on the E-cadherin complex promoted the junctional recruitment of the protein LGN, a core component of the spindle orientation machinery that binds the cytosolic tail of E-cadherin. Consequently, uniaxial stretch triggered a polarized cortical distribution of LGN. Selective disruption of trans engagement of E-cadherin in an otherwise cohesive cell monolayer, or loss of LGN expression, resulted in randomly oriented cell divisions in the presence of uniaxial stretch. Our findings indicate that E-cadherin plays a key role in sensing polarized tensile forces across the tissue and transducing this information to the spindle orientation machinery to align cell divisions.

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de Keijzer, Jeroen, Alejandra Freire Rios und Viola Willemsen. „Physcomitrium patens: A Single Model to Study Oriented Cell Divisions in 1D to 3D Patterning“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 5 (05.03.2021): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052626.

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Development in multicellular organisms relies on cell proliferation and specialization. In plants, both these processes critically depend on the spatial organization of cells within a tissue. Owing to an absence of significant cellular migration, the relative position of plant cells is virtually made permanent at the moment of division. Therefore, in numerous plant developmental contexts, the (divergent) developmental trajectories of daughter cells are dependent on division plane positioning in the parental cell. Prior to and throughout division, specific cellular processes inform, establish and execute division plane control. For studying these facets of division plane control, the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens has emerged as a suitable model system. Developmental progression in this organism starts out simple and transitions towards a body plan with a three-dimensional structure. The transition is accompanied by a series of divisions where cell fate transitions and division plane positioning go hand in hand. These divisions are experimentally highly tractable and accessible. In this review, we will highlight recently uncovered mechanisms, including polarity protein complexes and cytoskeletal structures, and transcriptional regulators, that are required for 1D to 3D body plan formation.

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Wyatt, Tom P. J., Andrew R. Harris, Maxine Lam, Qian Cheng, Julien Bellis, Andrea Dimitracopoulos, Alexandre J. Kabla, Guillaume T. Charras und Buzz Baum. „Emergence of homeostatic epithelial packing and stress dissipation through divisions oriented along the long cell axis“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, Nr. 18 (23.04.2015): 5726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420585112.

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Cell division plays an important role in animal tissue morphogenesis, which depends, critically, on the orientation of divisions. In isolated adherent cells, the orientation of mitotic spindles is sensitive to interphase cell shape and the direction of extrinsic mechanical forces. In epithelia, the relative importance of these two factors is challenging to assess. To do this, we used suspended monolayers devoid of ECM, where divisions become oriented following a stretch, allowing the regulation and function of epithelial division orientation in stress relaxation to be characterized. Using this system, we found that divisions align better with the long, interphase cell axis than with the monolayer stress axis. Nevertheless, because the application of stretch induces a global realignment of interphase long axes along the direction of extension, this is sufficient to bias the orientation of divisions in the direction of stretch. Each division redistributes the mother cell mass along the axis of division. Thus, the global bias in division orientation enables cells to act collectively to redistribute mass along the axis of stretch, helping to return the monolayer to its resting state. Further, this behavior could be quantitatively reproduced using a model designed to assess the impact of autonomous changes in mitotic cell mechanics within a stretched monolayer. In summary, the propensity of cells to divide along their long axis preserves epithelial homeostasis by facilitating both stress relaxation and isotropic growth without the need for cells to read or transduce mechanical signals.

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Moyle, Louise A., Richard Y. Cheng, Haijiao Liu, Sadegh Davoudi, Silvia A. Ferreira, Aliyah A. Nissar, Yu Sun, Eileen Gentleman, Craig A. Simmons und Penney M. Gilbert. „Three-dimensional niche stiffness synergizes with Wnt7a to modulate the extent of satellite cell symmetric self-renewal divisions“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 31, Nr. 16 (21.07.2020): 1703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0078.

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The skeletal muscle stem cell niche transiently stiffens during the tissue repair process, which serves to increase planar-oriented divisions and, when combined with WNT7a, induces symmetric cell division to expand the stem cell pool.

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Scepanovic, Gordana, und Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez. „Oriented Cell Division: The Pull of the Pole“. Developmental Cell 47, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2018): 686–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.040.

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9

Walker, Keely L., und Laurie G. Smith. „Investigation of the role of cell-cell interactions in division plane determination during maize leaf development through mosaic analysis of the tangled mutation“. Development 129, Nr. 13 (01.07.2002): 3219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.13.3219.

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Most plant cells divide in planes that can be predicted from their shapes according to simple geometrical rules, but the division planes of some cells appear to be influenced by extracellular cues. In the maize leaf, some cells divide in orientations not predicted by their shapes, raising the possibility that cell-cell communication plays a role in division plane determination in this tissue. We investigated this possibility through mosaic analysis of the tangled (tan) mutation, which causes a high frequency of cells in all tissue layers to divide in abnormal orientations. Clonal sectors of tan mutant tissue marked by a closely linked albino mutation were examined to determine the phenotypes of cells near sector boundaries. We found that tan mutant cells always showed the mutant phenotype regardless of their proximity to wild-type cells, demonstrating that the wild-type Tan gene acts cell-autonomously in both lateral and transverse leaf dimensions to promote normally oriented divisions. However, if the normal division planes of wild-type cells depend on cell-cell communication involving the products of genes other than Tan, then aberrantly dividing tan mutant cells might send abnormal signals that alter the division planes of neighboring cells. The cell-autonomy of the tan mutation allowed us to investigate this possibility by examining wild-type cells near the boundaries of tan mutant sectors for evidence of aberrantly oriented divisions. We found that wild-type cells near tan mutant cells did not divide differently from other wild-type cells. These observations argue against the idea that the division planes of proliferatively dividing maize leaf epidermal cells are governed by short-range communication with their nearest neighbors.

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Concha, M. L., und R. J. Adams. „Oriented cell divisions and cellular morphogenesis in the zebrafish gastrula and neurula: a time-lapse analysis“. Development 125, Nr. 6 (15.03.1998): 983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.6.983.

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We have taken advantage of the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos to investigate the patterns of cell division, movement and shape during early stages of development of the central nervous system. The surface-most epiblast cells of gastrula and neurula stage embryos were imaged and analysed using a computer-based, time-lapse acquisition system attached to a differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. We find that the onset of gastrulation is accompanied by major changes in cell behaviour. Cells collect into a cohesive sheet, apparently losing independent motility and integrating their behaviour to move coherently over the yolk in a direction that is the result of two influences: towards the vegetal pole in the movements of epiboly and towards the dorsal midline in convergent movements that strengthen throughout gastrulation. Coincidentally, the plane of cell division becomes aligned to the surface plane of the embryo and oriented in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction. These behaviours begin at the blastoderm margin and propagate in a gradient towards the animal pole. Later in gastrulation, cells undergo increasingly mediolateral-directed elongation and autonomous convergence movements towards the dorsal midline leading to an enormous extension of the neural axis. Around the equator and along the dorsal midline of the gastrula, persistent AP orientation of divisions suggests that a common mechanism may be involved but that neither oriented cell movements nor shape can account for this alignment. When the neural plate begins to differentiate, there is a gradual transition in the direction of cell division from AP to the mediolateral circumference (ML). ML divisions occur in both the ventral epidermis and dorsal neural plate. In the neural plate, ML becomes the predominant orientation of division during neural keel and nerve rod stages and, from late neural keel stage, divisions are concentrated at the dorsal midline and generate bilateral progeny (C. Papan and J. A. Campos-Ortega (1994) Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 203, 178–186). Coincidentally, cells on the ventral surface also orient their divisions in the ML direction, cleaving perpendicular to the direction in which they are elongated. The ML alignment of epidermal divisions is well correlated with cell shape but ML divisions within the neuroepithelium appear to be better correlated with changes in tissue morphology associated with neurulation.

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Li, Wei, Abhijit Kale und Nicholas E. Baker. „Oriented Cell Division as a Response to Cell Death and Cell Competition“. Current Biology 19, Nr. 21 (November 2009): 1821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.023.

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Dewey, Evan B., Danielle T. Taylor und Christopher A. Johnston. „Rolling in the mud: Hippo controls oriented cell division“. Cell Cycle 15, Nr. 5 (22.02.2016): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384101.2015.1130578.

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13

van Dop, Maritza, Che-Yang Liao und Dolf Weijers. „Control of oriented cell division in the Arabidopsis embryo“. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 23 (Februar 2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.10.004.

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14

Kimmel, C. B., R. M. Warga und D. A. Kane. „Cell cycles and clonal strings during formation of the zebrafish central nervous system“. Development 120, Nr. 2 (01.02.1994): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.2.265.

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Cell lineage analysis of central nervous system progenitors during gastrulation and early segmentation in the zebrafish reveals consistent coupling of specific morphogenetic behaviors with particular cell cycles. Cells in single clones divide very synchronously. Cell divisions become progressively oriented, and act synergistically with oriented intercalations during the interphases of zygotic cell cycles 15 and 16 to extend a single lineage into a long, discontinuous string of cells aligned with the nascent embryonic axis. Dorsalwards convergence brings the string to the midline and, once there, cells enter division 16. This division, or sometimes the next one, and the following cell movement reorient to separate siblings across the midline. This change converts the single string into a bilateral pair of strings, one forming a part of each side of the neural tube. The stereotyped cellular behaviors appear to account for the previously reported clonal restriction in cell fate and to underlie morphogenesis of a midline organ of proper length and bilateral shape. Regulation of cellular morphogenesis could be cell-cycle dependent.

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Smith, L. G., S. Hake und A. W. Sylvester. „The tangled-1 mutation alters cell division orientations throughout maize leaf development without altering leaf shape“. Development 122, Nr. 2 (01.02.1996): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.2.481.

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It is often assumed that in plants, where the relative positions of cells are fixed by cell walls, division orientations are critical for the generation of organ shapes. However, an alternative perspective is that the generation of shape may be controlled at a regional level independently from the initial orientations of new cell walls. In support of this latter view, we describe here a recessive mutation of maize, tangled-1 (tan-1), that causes cells to divide in abnormal orientations throughout leaf development without altering overall leaf shape. In normal plants, leaf cells divide either transversely or longitudinally relative to the mother cell axis; transverse division are associated with leaf elongation and longitudinal divisions with leaf widening. In tan-l mutant leaves, cells in all tissue layers at a wide range of developmental stages divide transversely at normal frequencies, but longitudinal divisions are largely substituted by a variety of aberrantly oriented divisions in which the new cell wall is crooked or curved. Mutant leaves grow more slowly than normal, but their overall shapes are normal at all stages of their growth. These observations demonstrate that the generation of maize leaf shape does not depend on the precise spatial control of cell division, and support the general view that mechanisms independent from the control of cell division orientations are involved in the generation of shape during plant development.

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O'Connell, Kevin F., Charles M. Leys und John G. White. „A Genetic Screen for Temperature-Sensitive Cell-Division Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans“. Genetics 149, Nr. 3 (01.07.1998): 1303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.3.1303.

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Abstract A novel screen to isolate conditional cell-division mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed. The screen is based on the phenotypes associated with existing cell-division mutations: some disrupt postembryonic divisions and affect formation of the gonad and ventral nerve cord—resulting in sterile, uncoordinated animals—while others affect embryonic divisions and result in lethality. We obtained 19 conditional mutants that displayed these phenotypes when shifted to the restrictive temperature at the appropriate developmental stage. Eighteen of these mutations have been mapped; 17 proved to be single alleles of newly identified genes, while 1 proved to be an allele of a previously identified gene. Genetic tests on the embryonic lethal phenotypes indicated that for 13 genes, embryogenesis required maternal expression, while for 6, zygotic expression could suffice. In all cases, maternal expression of wild-type activity was found to be largely sufficient for embryogenesis. Cytological analysis revealed that 10 mutants possessed embryonic cell-division defects, including failure to properly segregate DNA, failure to assemble a mitotic spindle, late cytokinesis defects, prolonged cell cycles, and improperly oriented mitotic spindles. We conclude that this approach can be used to identify mutations that affect various aspects of the cell-division cycle.

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den Elzen, Nicole, Carmen V. Buttery, Madhavi P. Maddugoda, Gang Ren und Alpha S. Yap. „Cadherin Adhesion Receptors Orient the Mitotic Spindle during Symmetric Cell Division in Mammalian Epithelia“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, Nr. 16 (15.08.2009): 3740–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-01-0023.

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Oriented cell division is a fundamental determinant of tissue organization. Simple epithelia divide symmetrically in the plane of the monolayer to preserve organ structure during epithelial morphogenesis and tissue turnover. For this to occur, mitotic spindles must be stringently oriented in the Z-axis, thereby establishing the perpendicular division plane between daughter cells. Spatial cues are thought to play important roles in spindle orientation, notably during asymmetric cell division. The molecular nature of the cortical cues that guide the spindle during symmetric cell division, however, is poorly understood. Here we show directly for the first time that cadherin adhesion receptors are required for planar spindle orientation in mammalian epithelia. Importantly, spindle orientation was disrupted without affecting tissue cohesion or epithelial polarity. This suggests that cadherin receptors can serve as cues for spindle orientation during symmetric cell division. We further show that disrupting cadherin function perturbed the cortical localization of APC, a microtubule-interacting protein that was required for planar spindle orientation. Together, these findings establish a novel morphogenetic function for cadherin adhesion receptors to guide spindle orientation during symmetric cell division.

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Nishio, Saori, Xin Tian, Anna Rachel Gallagher, Zhiheng Yu, Vishal Patel, Peter Igarashi und Stefan Somlo. „Loss of Oriented Cell Division Does not Initiate Cyst Formation“. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 21, Nr. 2 (03.12.2009): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2009060603.

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Godard, Benoit G., Rémi Dumollard, Edwin Munro, Janet Chenevert, Céline Hebras, Alex McDougall und Carl-Philipp Heisenberg. „Apical Relaxation during Mitotic Rounding Promotes Tension-Oriented Cell Division“. Developmental Cell 55, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2020): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.016.

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Wyngaarden, L. A., K. M. Vogeli, B. G. Ciruna, M. Wells, A. K. Hadjantonakis und S. Hopyan. „Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud morphogenesis“. Journal of Cell Science 123, Nr. 15 (21.07.2010): e1-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs077784.

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Wyngaarden, L. A., K. M. Vogeli, B. G. Ciruna, M. Wells, A. K. Hadjantonakis und S. Hopyan. „Oriented cell motility and division underlie early limb bud morphogenesis“. Development 137, Nr. 15 (16.06.2010): 2551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.046987.

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22

Pichler, S., P. Gonczy, H. Schnabel, A. Pozniakowski, A. Ashford, R. Schnabel und A. A. Hyman. „OOC-3, a novel putative transmembrane protein required for establishment of cortical domains and spindle orientation in the P(1) blastomere of C. elegans embryos“. Development 127, Nr. 10 (15.05.2000): 2063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.10.2063.

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Asymmetric cell divisions require the establishment of an axis of polarity, which is subsequently communicated to downstream events. During the asymmetric cell division of the P(1) blastomere in C. elegans, establishment of polarity depends on the establishment of anterior and posterior cortical domains, defined by the localization of the PAR proteins, followed by the orientation of the mitotic spindle along the previously established axis of polarity. To identify genes required for these events, we have screened a collection of maternal-effect lethal mutations on chromosome II of C. elegans. We have identified a mutation in one gene, ooc-3, with mis-oriented division axes at the two-cell stage. Here we describe the phenotypic and molecular characterization of ooc-3. ooc-3 is required for the correct localization of PAR-2 and PAR-3 cortical domains after the first cell division. OOC-3 is a novel putative transmembrane protein, which localizes to a reticular membrane compartment, probably the endoplasmic reticulum, that spans the whole cytoplasm and is enriched on the nuclear envelope and cell-cell boundaries. Our results show that ooc-3 is required to form the cortical domains essential for polarity after cell division.

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Pitaval, Amandine, Qingzong Tseng, Michel Bornens und Manuel Théry. „Cell shape and contractility regulate ciliogenesis in cell cycle–arrested cells“. Journal of Cell Biology 191, Nr. 2 (18.10.2010): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201004003.

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In most lineages, cell cycle exit is correlated with the growth of a primary cilium. We analyzed cell cycle exit and ciliogenesis in human retinal cells and found that, contrary to the classical view, not all cells exiting the cell division cycle generate a primary cilium. Using adhesive micropatterns to control individual cell spreading, we demonstrate that cell spatial confinement is a major regulator of ciliogenesis. When spatially confined, cells assemble a contractile actin network along their ventral surface and a protrusive network along their dorsal surface. The nucleus–centrosome axis in confined cells is oriented toward the dorsal surface where the primary cilium is formed. In contrast, highly spread cells assemble mostly contractile actin bundles. The nucleus–centrosome axis of spread cells is oriented toward the ventral surface, where contractility prevented primary cilium growth. These results indicate that cell geometrical confinement affects cell polarity via the modulation of actin network architecture and thereby regulates basal body positioning and primary cilium growth.

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De Rybel, Bert, Milad Adibi, Alice S. Breda, Jos R. Wendrich, Margot E. Smit, Ondřej Novák, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi et al. „Integration of growth and patterning during vascular tissue formation in Arabidopsis“. Science 345, Nr. 6197 (07.08.2014): 1255215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1255215.

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Coordination of cell division and pattern formation is central to tissue and organ development, particularly in plants where walls prevent cell migration. Auxin and cytokinin are both critical for division and patterning, but it is unknown how these hormones converge upon tissue development. We identify a genetic network that reinforces an early embryonic bias in auxin distribution to create a local, nonresponding cytokinin source within the root vascular tissue. Experimental and theoretical evidence shows that these cells act as a tissue organizer by positioning the domain of oriented cell divisions. We further demonstrate that the auxin-cytokinin interaction acts as a spatial incoherent feed-forward loop, which is essential to generate distinct hormonal response zones, thus establishing a stable pattern within a growing vascular tissue.

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Gho, M., Y. Bellaiche und F. Schweisguth. „Revisiting the Drosophila microchaete lineage: a novel intrinsically asymmetric cell division generates a glial cell“. Development 126, Nr. 16 (15.08.1999): 3573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.16.3573.

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The bristle mechanosensory organs of the adult fly are composed of four different cells that originate from a single precursor cell, pI, via two rounds of asymmetric cell division. Here, we have examined the pattern of cell divisions in this lineage by time-lapse confocal microscopy using GFP imaging and by immunostaining analysis. pI divided within the plane of the epithelium and along the anteroposterior axis to give rise to an anterior cell, pIIb, and a posterior cell, pIIa. pIIb divided prior to pIIa to generate a small subepithelial cell and a larger daughter cell, named pIIIb. This unequal division, oriented perpendicularly to the epithelium plane, has not been described previously. pIIa divided after pIIb, within the plane of the epithelium and along the AP axis, to produce a posterior socket cell and an anterior shaft cell. Then pIIIb divided perpendicularly to the epithelium plane to generate a basal neurone and an apical sheath cell. The small subepithelial pIIb daughter cell was identified as a sense organ glial cell: it expressed glial cell missing, a selector gene for the glial fate and migrated away from the sensory cluster along extending axons. We propose that mechanosensory organ glial cells, the origin of which was until now unknown, are generated by the asymmetric division of pIIb cells. Both Numb and Prospero segregated specifically into the basal glial and neuronal cells during the pIIb and pIIIb divisions, respectively. This revised description of the sense organ lineage provides the basis for future studies on how polarity and fate are regulated in asymmetrically dividing cells.

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Lejeune, Emma, Berkin Dortdivanlioglu, Ellen Kuhl und Christian Linder. „Understanding the mechanical link between oriented cell division and cerebellar morphogenesis“. Soft Matter 15, Nr. 10 (2019): 2204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02231c.

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Ueno, Naoto, und Takefumi Negishi. „A novel membrane invagination controls oriented cell division in ascidian embryo“. Mechanisms of Development 145 (Juli 2017): S4—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2017.04.527.

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Torres-Ruiz, R. A., und G. Jurgens. „Mutations in the FASS gene uncouple pattern formation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis development“. Development 120, Nr. 10 (01.10.1994): 2967–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.10.2967.

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The pattern of cell division is very regular in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, enabling seedling structures to be traced back to groups of cells in the early embryo. Recessive mutations in the FASS gene alter the pattern of cell division from the zygote, without interfering with embryonic pattern formation: although no primordia of seedling structures can be recognised by morphological criteria at the early-heart stage, all elements of the body pattern are differentiated in the seedling. fass seedlings are strongly compressed in the apical-basal axis and enlarged circumferentially, notably in the hypocotyl. Depending on the width of the hypocotyl, fass seedlings may have up to three supernumerary cotyledons. fass mutants can develop into tiny adult plants with all parts, including floral organs, strongly compressed in their longitudinal axis. At the cellular level, fass mutations affect cell elongation and orientation of cell walls but do not interfere with cell polarity as evidenced by the unequal division of the zygote. The results suggest that the FASS gene is required for morphogenesis, i.e., oriented cell divisions and position-dependent cell shape changes generating body shape, but not for cell polarity which seems essential for pattern formation.

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Zigman, M., N. Laumann-Lipp, T. Titus, J. Postlethwait und C. B. Moens. „Hoxb1b controls oriented cell division, cell shape and microtubule dynamics in neural tube morphogenesis“. Development 141, Nr. 3 (21.01.2014): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.098731.

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Wang, Steven W., Philip L. Hertzler und Wallis H. Clark. „Mesendoderm cells induce oriented cell division and invagination in the marine shrimp Sicyonia ingentis“. Developmental Biology 320, Nr. 1 (August 2008): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.05.525.

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31

Compton, Duane A. „Chromosome orientation“. Journal of Cell Biology 179, Nr. 2 (22.10.2007): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200709152.

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Precise chromosome segregation during cell division results from the attachment of chromosomes to microtubules emanating from both poles of the spindle apparatus. The molecular machinery involved in establishing and maintaining properly oriented microtubule attachments remains murky. Some clarity is now emerging with the identification of Bod1 (Biorientation Defective 1), a protein that promotes chromosome biorientation by unleashing chromosomes from improperly oriented microtubule attachments.

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Yant, Levi, Silvio Collani, Joshua Puzey, Clara Levy und Elena M. Kramer. „Molecular basis for three-dimensional elaboration of the Aquilegia petal spur“. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, Nr. 1803 (22.03.2015): 20142778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2778.

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By enforcing specific pollinator interactions, Aquilegia petal nectar spurs maintain reproductive isolation between species. Spur development is the result of three-dimensional elaboration from a comparatively two-dimensional primordium. Initiated by localized, oriented cell divisions surrounding the incipient nectary, this process creates a pouch that is extended by anisotropic cell elongation. We hypothesized that the development of this evolutionary novelty could be promoted by non-mutually exclusive factors, including (i) prolonged, KNOX-dependent cell fate indeterminacy, (ii) localized organ sculpting and/or (iii) redeployment of hormone-signalling modules. Using cell division markers to guide transcriptome analysis of microdissected spur tissue, we present candidate mechanisms underlying spur outgrowth. We see dynamic expression of factors controlling cell proliferation and hormone signalling, but no evidence of contribution from indeterminacy factors. Transcriptome dynamics point to a novel recruitment event in which auxin-related factors that normally function at the organ margin were co-opted to this central structure. Functional perturbation of the transition between cell division and expansion reveals an unexpected asymmetric component of spur development. These findings indicate that the production of this three-dimensional form is an example of organ sculpting via localized cell division with novel contributions from hormone signalling, rather than a product of prolonged indeterminacy.

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Wick, S. M. „Microtubules in plant cell division“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (06.08.1989): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155761.

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Immunofluorescence microscopy has proven to be a valuable accompaniment to electron microscopy for study of the cytoskeleton of plant cells. Whereas electron microscopy provides greater resolution and details of the spatial relationships of the cytoskeleton to other cellular components, fluorescence visualization makes it possible to see the three-dimensional organization of cytoskeletal elements without laborious reconstruction of views from serial sections. An area in which immunofluorescence microscopy has been useful is the investigation of how plant cells organize and position the various microtubule arrays that are utilized during mitosis, cytokinesis and cell expansion phases. One of the earliest indications of an impending division in a meristematic plant cell is the formation of a preprophase band of microtubules in the cell cortex, at the site where the new wall will be placed at the subsequent cytokinesis. At its later stages, the band is narrower than when first identifiable. In most cells, preprophase band microtubules have the same general orientation as the preceding interphase microtubules, and so preprophase band formation here could, in theory, be achieved by lateral bundling of microtubules.Cells in which the division site and the preprophase band that marks it are not oriented parallel to interphase microtubules are found in stomatal complexes of grass leaves . Fig. 1 illustrates the arrangement of two such cell types: the guard mother cell, which divides lengthwise to form two guard cells, side-by-side, and the subsidiary mother cell, which undergoes a very asymmetric division to produce one of the pair of lens-shaped subsidiary cells that flank the guard cells. Interphase and preprophase arrangements of microtubules for each cell type are diagrammed in Figs. 2-4. In order to examine how these cell types achieve the reorientation of microtubules that is necessary to progress from interphase to preprophase, sheets of epidermis containing actively dividing stomatal complex cells were examined with immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies to tubulin. Thin epidermal slices of leaves were fixed and glued down to a slide, whereupon cell walls were enzymatically weakened so that unwanted cell layers could be removed . Because waves of division pass along grass leaves, cells of the same type in a given file tend to be at similar stages, which facilitates deduction of the developmental pattern.

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Matsuyama, Makoto, Shinichi Aizawa und Akihiko Shimono. „Sfrp Controls Apicobasal Polarity and Oriented Cell Division in Developing Gut Epithelium“. PLoS Genetics 5, Nr. 3 (20.03.2009): e1000427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000427.

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Tang, Nan, Wallace Marshall, Martin McMahon, Ross J. Metzger und Gail R. Martin. „Regulation of airway shape by SPROUTY-mediated control of oriented cell division“. Developmental Biology 344, Nr. 1 (August 2010): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.281.

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Takacs, Carter M., und Antonio J. Giraldez. „miR-430 regulates oriented cell division during neural tube development in zebrafish“. Developmental Biology 409, Nr. 2 (Januar 2016): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.11.016.

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Hertzler, P. L., und W. H. Clark. „Cleavage and gastrulation in the shrimp Sicyonia ingentis: invagination is accompanied by oriented cell division“. Development 116, Nr. 1 (01.09.1992): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.1.127.

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Embryos of the penaeoidean shrimp Sicyonia ingentis were examined at intervals during cleavage and gastrulation using antibodies to beta-tubulin and DNA and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Cleavage occurred in a regular pattern within four domains corresponding to the 4-cell-stage blastomeres and resulted in two interlocking bands of cells, each with similar spindle orientations, around a central blastocoel. Right-left asymmetry was evident at the 32-cell-stage, and mirror-image embryos occurred in a 50:50 ratio. Gastrulation was initiated by invagination into the blastocoel at the 62-cell-stage of two mesendoderm cells, which arrested at the 32-cell-stage. Further invagination and expansion of the archenteron during gastrulation was accompanied by rapid and oriented cell division. The archenteron was composed of presumptive naupliar mesoderm and the blastopore was located at the site of the future anus of the nauplius larva. In order to trace cell lineages and determine axial relationships, single 2- and 4-cell-stage blastomeres were microinjected with rhodamine-dextran. The results showed that the mesendoderm cells which initiated gastrulation were derived from the vegetal 2-cell-stage blastomere, which could be distinguished by its slightly larger size and the location of the polar bodies. The mesendoderm cells descended from a single vegetal blastomere of the 4-cell-stage. This investigation provides the first evidence for oriented cell division during gastrulation in a simple invertebrate system. Oriented cell division has previously been discounted as a potential morphogenetic force, and may be a common mechanism of invagination in embryos that begin gastrulation with a relatively small number of cells.

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Mao, Zhiguo, Andrew J. Streets und Albert C. M. Ong. „Thiazolidinediones inhibit MDCK cyst growth through disrupting oriented cell division and apicobasal polarity“. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 300, Nr. 6 (Juni 2011): F1375—F1384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00482.2010.

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Thiazolidinediones have been reported to retard cystic disease in rodent models by uncertain mechanisms. We hypothesized that their major effect in retarding cystogenesis was through inhibiting cell proliferation or stimulating apoptosis. In the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell (MDCK) model, rosiglitazone inhibited cyst growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner and this was accompanied by a reduction in basal proliferation and an increase in apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we also observed a striking abnormality in lumen formation resulting in a characteristic multiple lumen or loss of lumen phenotype in treated cells at doses which did not inhibit cell proliferation. These changes were preceded by mislocalization of gp135 and Cdc42, misorientation of the mitotic spindle, and retardation in centrosome reorientation with later changes in primary cilia length and mislocalization of E-cadherin. Cdc42 activation was unaffected by rosiglitazone in monolayer culture but was profoundly inhibited in three-dimensional culture. MDCK cells stably expressing mutant Cdc42 showed a similar mislocalization of gp135 expression and multilumen phenotype in the absence of rosiglitazone. We conclude that rosiglitazone influences MDCK cyst growth by multiple mechanisms involving dosage-dependent effects on proliferation, spindle orientation, centrosome migration, and lumen formation. Correct spatial Cdc42 activation is critical for lumen formation, but the effect of rosiglitazone is likely to involve both Cdc42 and non-Cdc42 pathways.

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Zeng, Gefei, Sarah M. Taylor, Janet R. McColm, Nicholas C. Kappas, Joseph B. Kearney, Lucy H. Williams, Mary E. Hartnett und Victoria L. Bautch. „Orientation of endothelial cell division is regulated by VEGF signaling during blood vessel formation“. Blood 109, Nr. 4 (26.10.2006): 1345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-07-037952.

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Abstract New blood vessel formation requires the coordination of endothelial cell division and the morphogenetic movements of vessel expansion, but it is not known how this integration occurs. Here, we show that endothelial cells regulate division orientation during the earliest stages of blood vessel formation, in response to morphogenetic cues. In embryonic stem (ES) cell–derived vessels that do not experience flow, the plane of endothelial cytokinesis was oriented perpendicular to the vessel long axis. We also demonstrated regulated cleavage orientation in vivo, in flow-exposed forming retinal vessels. Daughter nuclei moved away from the cleavage plane after division, suggesting that regulation of endothelial division orientation effectively extends vessel length in these developing vascular beds. A gain-of-function mutation in VEGF signaling increased randomization of endothelial division orientation, and this effect was rescued by a transgene, indicating that regulation of division orientation is a novel mechanism whereby VEGF signaling affects vessel morphogenesis. Thus, our findings show that endothelial cell division and morphogenesis are integrated in developing vessels by flow-independent mechanisms that involve VEGF signaling, and this cross talk is likely to be critical to proper vessel morphogenesis.

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Xu, Guang-Kui, Yang Liu und Zhaoliang Zheng. „Oriented cell division affects the global stress and cell packing geometry of a monolayer under stretch“. Journal of Biomechanics 49, Nr. 3 (Februar 2016): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.046.

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Li, Jingjing, Lianjie Miao, David Shieh, Ernest Spiotto, Jian Li, Bin Zhou, Antoni Paul et al. „Single-Cell Lineage Tracing Reveals that Oriented Cell Division Contributes to Trabecular Morphogenesis and Regional Specification“. Cell Reports 15, Nr. 1 (April 2016): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.012.

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Halacheva, Viktoriya, Mathias Fuchs, Jürgen Dönitz, Tobias Reupke, Bernd Püschel und Christoph Viebahn. „Planar cell movements and oriented cell division during early primitive streak formation in the mammalian embryo“. Developmental Dynamics 240, Nr. 8 (14.07.2011): 1905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22687.

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Roth, Therese M., C. Y. Ason Chiang, Mayu Inaba, Hebao Yuan, Viktoria Salzmann, Caitlin E. Roth und Yukiko M. Yamashita. „Centrosome misorientation mediates slowing of the cell cycle under limited nutrient conditions in Drosophila male germline stem cells“. Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, Nr. 8 (15.04.2012): 1524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-12-0999.

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Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) divide asymmetrically, balancing self-renewal and differentiation. Although asymmetric stem cell division balances between self-renewal and differentiation, it does not dictate how frequently differentiating cells must be produced. In male GSCs, asymmetric GSC division is achieved by stereotyped positioning of the centrosome with respect to the stem cell niche. Recently we showed that the centrosome orientation checkpoint monitors the correct centrosome orientation to ensure an asymmetric outcome of the GSC division. When GSC centrosomes are not correctly oriented with respect to the niche, GSC cell cycle is arrested/delayed until the correct centrosome orientation is reacquired. Here we show that induction of centrosome misorientation upon culture in poor nutrient conditions mediates slowing of GSC cell proliferation via activation of the centrosome orientation checkpoint. Consistently, inactivation of the centrosome orientation checkpoint leads to lack of cell cycle slowdown even under poor nutrient conditions. We propose that centrosome misorientation serves as a mediator that transduces nutrient information into stem cell proliferation, providing a previously unappreciated mechanism of stem cell regulation in response to nutrient conditions.

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Kulukian, Anita, und Elaine Fuchs. „Spindle orientation and epidermal morphogenesis“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, Nr. 1629 (05.11.2013): 20130016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0016.

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Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) result in two unequal daughter cells and are a hallmark of stem cells. ACDs can be achieved either by asymmetric partitioning of proteins and organelles or by asymmetric cell fate acquisition due to the microenvironment in which the daughters are placed. Increasing evidence suggests that in the mammalian epidermis, both of these processes occur. During embryonic epidermal development, changes occur in the orientation of the mitotic spindle in relation to the underlying basement membrane. These changes are guided by conserved molecular machinery that is operative in lower eukaryotes and dictates asymmetric partitioning of proteins during cell divisions. That said, the shift in spindle alignment also determines whether a division will be parallel or perpendicular to the basement membrane, and this in turn provides a differential microenvironment for the resulting daughter cells. Here, we review how oriented divisions of progenitors contribute to the development and stratification of the epidermis.

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Fraschini, Roberta, Marianna Venturetti, Elena Chiroli und Simonetta Piatti. „The spindle position checkpoint: how to deal with spindle misalignment during asymmetric cell division in budding yeast“. Biochemical Society Transactions 36, Nr. 3 (21.05.2008): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0360416.

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During asymmetric cell division, spindle positioning is critical to ensure the unequal segregation of polarity factors and generate daughter cells with different sizes or fates. In budding yeast the boundary between mother and daughter cell resides at the bud neck, where cytokinesis takes place at the end of the cell cycle. Since budding and bud neck formation occur much earlier than bipolar spindle formation, spindle positioning is a finely regulated process. A surveillance device called the SPOC (spindle position checkpoint) oversees this process and delays mitotic exit and cytokinesis until the spindle is properly oriented along the division axis, thus ensuring genome stability.

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Włoch, Wiesław, und Ewa Połap. „The intrusive growth of initial cells in re-arangement of cells in cambium of Tilia cordata Mill.“ Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 63, Nr. 2 (2014): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1994.016.

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In the cambium of linden producing wood with short period of grain inclination change (2-4 years), the intensive reorientation of cells takes place. This is possible mainly through an intrusive growth of cell ends from one radial file entering space between tangential walls of neighboring file and through unequal periclinal divisions that occur in the "initial surface". The intrusive growth is located on the longitudinal edge of a fusiform cell close to the end, and causes deviation of cell ends in a neighbouring file from the initial surface. Unequal periclinal division divides a cell with a deviated end into two derivatives, unequal in size. The one of them, which inherits the deviated end, leaves the initial surface becoming a xylem or phloem mother cell. This means that the old end is eliminated. The intensity of intrusive growth and unequal periclinal divisions is decisive for the velocity of cambial cell reorientation. The oriented intrusive growth occurs only in the initial cells. For that reason, changes in cell-ends position do not occur within one packet of cells but are distinct between neighbouring packets.

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Sausedo, Roger A., Jodi L. Smith und Gary C. Schoenwolf. „Role of nonrandomly oriented cell division in shaping and bending of the neural plate“. Journal of Comparative Neurology 381, Nr. 4 (19.05.1997): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19970519)381:4<473::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-#.

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Merlini, Laura, und Simonetta Piatti. „The mother-bud neck as a signaling platform for the coordination between spindle position and cytokinesis in budding yeast“. Biological Chemistry 392, Nr. 8-9 (01.08.2011): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2011.090.

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Abstract During asymmetric cell division, spindle positioning is critical for ensuring the unequal inheritance of polarity factors. In budding yeast, the mother-bud neck determines the cleavage plane and a correct nuclear division between mother and daughter cell requires orientation of the mitotic spindle along the mother-bud axis. A surveillance device called the spindle position/orientation checkpoint (SPOC) oversees this process and delays mitotic exit and cytokinesis until the spindle is properly oriented along the division axis, thus ensuring genome stability. Cytoskeletal proteins called septins form a ring at the bud neck that is essential for cytokinesis. Furthermore, septins and septin-associated proteins are implicated in spindle positioning and SPOC. In this review, we discuss the emerging connections between septins and the SPOC and the role of the mother-bud neck as a signaling platform to couple proper chromosome segregation to cytokinesis.

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Ségalen, Marion, Christopher A. Johnston, Charlotte A. Martin, Julien G. Dumortier, Kenneth E. Prehoda, Nicolas B. David, Chris Q. Doe und Yohanns Bellaïche. „The Fz-Dsh Planar Cell Polarity Pathway Induces Oriented Cell Division via Mud/NuMA in Drosophila and Zebrafish“. Developmental Cell 19, Nr. 5 (November 2010): 740–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.10.004.

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Fanwoua, Julienne, Pieter de Visser, Ep Heuvelink, Gerco Angenent, Xinyou Yin, Leo Marcelis und Paul Struik. „Response of Cell Division and Cell Expansion to Local Fruit Heating in Tomato Fruit“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, Nr. 5 (September 2012): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.5.294.

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To improve our understanding of fruit growth responses to temperature, it is important to analyze temperature effects on underlying fruit cellular processes. This study aimed at analyzing the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit size to heating as affected by changes in cell number and cell expansion in different directions. Individual trusses were enclosed into cuvettes and heating was applied either only during the first 7 days after anthesis (DAA), from 7 DAA until fruit maturity (breaker stage), or both. Fruit size and histological characteristics in the pericarp were measured. Heating fruit shortened fruit growth period and reduced final fruit size. Reduction in final fruit size of early-heated fruit was mainly associated with reduction in final pericarp cell volume. Early heating increased the number of cell layers in the pericarp but did not affect the total number of pericarp cells. These results indicate that in the tomato pericarp, periclinal cell divisions respond differently to temperature than anticlinal or randomly oriented cell divisions. Late heating only decreased pericarp thickness significantly. Continuously heating fruit reduced anticlinal cell expansion (direction perpendicular to fruit skin) more than periclinal cell expansion (direction parallel to fruit skin). This study emphasizes the need to measure cell expansion in more than one dimension in histological studies of fruit.

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