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Nguyen, Van Cuong. „Exploration de la cartographie par analyse d'association («Association Mapping») chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.)“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29300/29300.pdf.
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Esteves, Patricio. „Optimisation de la culture de microspores isolées chez les orges de printemps à six rangs“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30476/30476.pdf.
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Les plantes haploïdes doublées (HD) sont des individus complètement homozygotes qui peuvent être obtenus via l’androgenèse in vitro. Les HD sont très appréciés comme outils de recherche en génétique et en amélioration végétale. La culture de microspores isolées (CMI) est le moyen le plus efficace de produire des HD. Malheureusement, les orges de printemps à six rangs, le type prédominant cultivé dans l’Est du Canada, sont considérées comme récalcitrantes à cause d’une faible embryogenèse et d’une propension à l’albinisme. Notre objectif était de développer un protocole CMI adapté à ce type d’orge. Nous avons entamé des travaux exploratoires sur quatre cultivars : ACCA et Léger (six rangs, printemps), Gobernadora (deux rangs, printemps) et Igri (deux rangs, hiver). Dans une première phase, nous avons évalué l’impact de quatre facteurs physiques. Nous avons trouvé que l’optimisation du stade de récolte des tiges pouvait augmenter de 2 à 4 fois la récolte de microspores embryogéniques. Deuxièmement, deux des prétraitements (0,3 M mannitol pendant 2 jours et une combinaison de froid et de chaleur pendant 15 jours) ont tous deux été significativement plus productifs qu’un prétraitement très largement employé (28 jours à 4 °C). Troisièmement, l’ajout de mannitol au milieu d’induction a permis de doubler le nombre de plantes vertes obtenues. Finalement, la densité des microspores à l’étalement a eu un impact significatif sur l’obtention de plantes vertes, 106 microspores/ml s’étant avéré optimal. Dans une deuxième phase, nous avons exploré l’utilisation de régulateurs de croissance alternatifs tant dans le milieu d’induction (thidiazuron et dicamba) que de régénération (meta-topoline). Comparativement à des milieux témoins contenant principalement la 6-benzyl-aminopurine, nos milieux d’induction ont produit 5,1 fois plus de plantes vertes, principalement par réduction de l’albinisme. Notre milieu de régénération amélioré a permis d’obtenir 2,9 fois plus de plantes vertes que le témoin. Finalement, ces résultats ont été validés avec succès sur des génotypes F1 d’un programme d’amélioration. Au terme de ce travail, nous avons ainsi réussi à améliorer substantiellement l’efficacité de la CMI chez les orges de printemps à six rangs.Doubled haploid (DH) plants are completely homozygous individuals that can be generated via in vitro androgenesis. DHs are useful as research tools both for genetic studies and in plant breeding. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is the most efficient way to produce DHs. Unfortunately, six-row spring barley genotypes, the main type produced in Eastern Canada, are considered recalcitrant because of a low embryogenesis and a high rate of albinism. Our objective was to develop an IMC protocol more suitable to this type of barley. We carried out exploratory work on four barley cultivars: ACCA and Léger (six-row, spring), Gobernadora (two-row, spring) and Igri (two-row, winter). In a first phase, we explored four factors. First, we found that a 2-4-fold increase in the yield of embryogenic microspores is possible by optimizing the harvest stage for each genotype. Second, two pretreatments (0.3M mannitol for 2 days or a combination of cold and heat over 15 days) both performed significantly better than the commonly used cold pretreatment (28 days at 4°C). Third, an induction medium containing mannitol doubled green plant regeneration. Fourth, we observed a marked effect of microspore plating density on the number of green plants obtained, with 106 microspores/ml yielding the best results. In a second phase we explored the use of alternative growth regulators both in the induction medium (thidiazuron and dicamba) and in the regeneration medium (meta-topoline). Compared to control media containing 6-benzyl-aminopurine, our improved induction medium lead to a 5.1-fold increase in green plant production, mainly achieved by reducing albinism. Similarly, our regeneration medium yielded 2.9-fold more green plants than the control. Finally, these results were successfully validated using F1 genotypes from a breeding program. On the whole, we have succeeded in substantially improving the efficiency of IMC in this type of recalcitrant barley.
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Sangaré, Mahamadou. „Optimisation de la culture d'anthères chez l'orge de printemps à six rangs (Hordeum vulgare)“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25691/25691.pdf.
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Huit régimes hormonaux ont été comparés en culture d’anthères chez deux génotypes d’orge de printemps à six rangs. Quatre paramètres ont été notés : le nombre de cals, d’embryons, de plantes vertes et d’albinos. L’analyse de la variance a montré que les génotypes (G), les traitements (T), le rang de récolte des épis (R) et l’interaction R x G avaient des impacts significatifs sur les paramètres à l’étude. Le génotype Altona s’est montré beaucoup plus prolifique que le génotype C97-21-38-3 (19,6 vs 1,3 plantes vertes par 100 anthères). Les traitements 3 (0,1 mg/L de BAP ; 0,1mg/L de 2,4-D) et 6 (0,3 mg/L de BAP ; 0,3 mg/L de 2,4-D) ont permis d’obtenir entre 2 et 3 fois plus de plantes vertes que les traitements témoins. Finalement, chez Altona, les deuxième et troisième épis ont produit significativement plus de plantes vertes, alors que chez C97-21-38-3 aucune différence n’a été observée.Eight hormonal regimes were compared in anther culture on two genotypes of six-row spring barley. Observations were made on four parameters: the number of calli, embryos, green plants and albinos. An analysis of variance showed that the genotype (G), the treatment (T), the harvest rank of the spike (R) and the R X G interaction all had significant impacts on the studied parameters. Altona proved much more productive in anther culture than C97-21-38-3 (19.6 vs 1.3 green plants per 100 anthers). Treatments 3 (0.1 mg/L BAP; 0.1mg/L 2,4-D) and 6 (0.3 mg/L BAP; 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D) yielded between 2 and 3-fold more green plants than the control treatments. Finally, whereas the second and third spikes produced significantly more green plants than the first spike with Altona, no such difference was observed with C97-21-38-3.
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Lamara, Mebarek. „Analyse comparative de la diversité génétique et de la structure des populations chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) à l'aide de marqueurs SSR, DArT et du pedigree“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27341/27341.pdf.
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Gauthier, Mélanie. „Le déséquilibre de liaison chez l'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) : une fenêtre d'observation sur les effets de la sélection“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27330/27330.pdf.
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Hanchane, Mohamed. „Calage, validation et application du modèle céres-orge pour l'analyse des risques climatiques en fonction des choix de la variété et de la date de semis en conditions climatiques marocaines“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10020.
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L'objectif de notre etude est l'evaluation des risques climatiques auxquels sont exposees les varietes d'orge au maroc. En premiere partie, nous avons montre, a travers les essais experimentaux realises dans les domaines seni- aride et subhumide marocains, la necessite d'integrer le type varietale et la date de semis pour estimer les risques climatiques a differents stades de developpement de la plante. Differentes approches empiriques ont ete entreprises pour repondre d'une facon generale aux objectifs fixes : les risques climatiques sont estimes pour les cereales d'automne et le sol est ignore ou decrit sommairement. Notre etude est fondee sur le modele de simulation ceres-orge, elabore par ritchie et al (1989), dans lequel la plante est definie par des parametres genetiques qui decrivent chaque variete etudiee. L'etat hydrique du sol et le climat representent l'environnement qui conditionne la croissance et le developpement de la plante. L'interet du modele, malgre sa complexite, est de tenir compte de la duree du cycle de la variete et des pratiques culturales (date de semis, densite de peuplement, irrigation. . . ) de ce fait, il repond parfaitement a nos objectifs. Mais avant toute application, les parametres genetiques du modele doivent etre cales et le modele valide. Ces deux operations sont realisees en utilisant des donnees experimentales relatives aux processus de croissance et de developpement de la plante ainsi qu'a l'etat hydrique du sol. Les resultats obtenus montrent ,grace aux methodes statistiques d'optimisation et de regression, que le modele est utilisable pour l'estimation des stades de developpement (erreur d'estimation de 5 jours), du rendement (erreur d'estimation de 3qx/ha) et du bilan hydrique a differentes periodes de l'annee. En outre, nous avons montre les possibilites de son extension spatiale et de son domaine d'utilisation. A la lumiere de ces resultats, le modele ceres-orge a ete utilise pour estimer, en fonction de la date de semis, les risques climatiques auxquels sont exposes deux varietes d'orge (arig8 et acsad6o) a quatre periodes critiques de developpement : semis-levee, croissance de l'epi, floraison, formation des grains. Cette application a ete realisee dans quatre regions agroclimatiques appartenant aux etages bioclimatiques semi-aride (khouribga, settat, safi) et subhumide (meknes). Les risques climatiques etudies cor
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LAGE, Marcela Ferreira Rocha. „O mercado org?nico de BH: um estudo de caso das feiras org?nicas municipais“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1828.
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From the year of 2002 eight (8) organic fairs were installed, in three regions of the city of Belo Horizonte - MG. The objective of the work is to survey the history, characteristics, the profile of family farmers / marketers and the profile of consumers and possible consumers of these fairs. It also seeks to analyze the difficulties for expansion in the production and marketing of the studied fairs. The study based on observations during the fairs and interviews using semi-structured questionnaires. There were 214 interviews with the attendees of the eight fairs. In addition to the questionnaire applied to consumers, five interviews were conducted with family farmers using another questionnaire and an interview with the supervisor of the Belo Horizonte City Hall. The results of the survey point to the existence of eight organic fairs, located in neighborhoods with higher per capita income, regulated by the Belo Horizonte City Hall with the participation of 5 (five) family farmers who face difficulties when it comes to required labor, the regularity of delivery and the quantity to be produced. The majority of the consumers were women between the ages of 30 and 54, with high schooling and monthly income, between 9 to 12 minimum salaries. Fairs are important channels for the commercialization of the organic production of family farmers and enable the proximity and establishment of trust relations between farmers and consumers mutually.
A partir do ano de 2002 foram instaladas 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, em tr?s regi?es do munic?pio de Belo Horizonte ? MG. O trabalho tem como objetivo o levantamento do hist?rico, das caracter?sticas, do perfil dos agricultores familiares/feirantes e do perfil dos consumidores e poss?veis consumidores destas feiras. Procura-se tamb?m analisar os gargalos para a expans?o na produ??o e comercializa??o das feiras estudadas. O estudo foi realizado por meio de observa??es in loco e de entrevistas com o uso de question?rios semi-estruturados. Foram realizadas 214 entrevistas com os frequentadores das oito feiras. Al?m do question?rio aplicado aos consumidores, foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com os agricultores familiares/ feirantes com a utiliza??o de um outro question?rio e uma entrevista com o supervisor da Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a exist?ncia de 8 (oito) feiras org?nicas, situadas em bairros com maior renda per capta, regulamentadas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Belo Horizonte com a participa??o de 5 (cinco) agricultores familiares que enfrentam dificuldades quando o assunto ? a m?o de obra necess?ria, a regularidade na entrega e quantidade a ser produzida. Os consumidores em sua maioria eram mulheres com idade entre 30 a 54 anos, com n?vel de escolaridade elevado e renda mensal da maioria dos entrevistados de 9 a 12 sal?rios m?nimos. As feiras s?o importantes canais de comercializa??o da produ??o org?nica dos agricultores familiares e possibilita a proximidade e o estabelecimento de rela??es de confian?a dos agricultores com os consumidores e vice-versa
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Le, Guyader Elie. „Influence des amendements organiques issus de résidus de palmier dattier sur les propriétés et la fertilité de sols de régions arides et semi-arides“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS028.
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Ce doctorat s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet ISFERALDA (Improving Soil FERtility in Arid and semi-arid regions using Local DAte palm residues), qui vise à développer la valorisation des résidus de palmier dattier pour la production d’amendements organiques en Tunisie et en Algérie et améliorer la résilience des agroécosystèmes des régions sèches. Les objectifs étaient d’étudier l’influence des apports de compost et de biochar sur les propriétés des sols et leur capacité de production végétale. Des expérimentations conduites en laboratoire ont permis d’évaluer l’effet du compost, du biochar et du mélange compost-biochar sur la capacité de rétention en eau de sols avec des textures contrastées. Les résultats ont montré une augmentation de la réserve utile de 80 % dans un sol sableux avec l’apport de biochar, tandis que le compost avait un effet plus modéré (+12 %). Des incubations en conditions contrôlées avec un sol sableux d’oasis ont permis d’estimer la part de carbone minéralisée du compost produit en Tunisie (≈17 % après 112 jours). En parallèle, des analyses Rock-Eval® ont révélé une stabilité thermique contrastée selon les composts étudiés, mettant en évidence des difficultés dans le processus de compostage du palmier dattier. Enfin, une culture d’orge a été conduite en cellule Écolab sous climat aride simulé pour étudier l’effet des amendements organiques sur la production végétale et la dynamique de lixiviation des macronutriments. Les résultats n’ont pas montré de potentiel améliorant à court terme du biochar, seul ou enrichi avec une source organique riche en azote. Le compost a amélioré les rendements en grains de l’orge, bien que la fourniture en azote ait été limitée dans la durée. En conclusion, le compost améliore la fertilité des sols sableux à court terme, mais sa composition riche en sels nécessite une attention particulière afin de réduire le risque de salinisation des milieux cultivés en régions sèches. Le biochar de palmier dattier est stable dans le sol mais l’intérêt de son application est limité sur le plan de la nutrition minérale des végétauxThis PhD is part of the ISFERALDA project (Improving Soil FERtility in Arid and semi-arid regions using Local DAte palm residues), which aims to develop the transformation of date palm residues in organic amendments to improve the resilience of agroecosystems in dry regions. The objectives were to study the influence of compost and biochar inputs on soil properties and plant productivity. First, laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the effect of compost, biochar and compost-biochar mixtures on the water retention capacity of soils with contrasting textures. Results showed an increase in available water capacity (+80%) in a sandy soil with the addition of biochar, while compost had little effect (+12%). Incubations under controlled conditions with an oasis sandy soil enabled us to estimate the proportion of mineralized carbon in the compost produced in Tunisia (≈17% after 117 days). In parallel, Rock-Eval® analyses revealed contrasting thermal stability depending on the composts studied, highlighting difficulties in the date palm composting process. Finally, a barley crop was grown in an Ecolab cell under a simulated arid climate to study the effect of organic amendments on plant productivity and leaching losses of macronutrients. The results showed no improvement potential with biochar addition at the short-term, either alone or enriched with a nitrogen-rich organic source. Compost improved barley grain yields, although nitrogen supply was limited over time. In conclusion, compost improves the fertility of sandy soils in the short term, but its salt-rich composition requires specific attention to reduce the risk of salinization in cultivated environments in drylands. Date palm biochar is stable in the soil, but its use is limited in terms of plant mineral nutrition
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Ravelojaona, Nomena. „Evaluation of STICS model performance for long-term simulation of biomass production and nitrogen nutrition of spring barley and timothy cultivated in two important agricultural regions in Quebec (Canada)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0503.
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L’orge de printemps (Hordeum vulgare L.) et la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L.) sont des cultures de première importance économique pour la Province du Québec et d’autres régions de climat continental froid et humide (Amérique du Nord, les pays nordiques…). Les modèles sol-culture sont des outils puissants capables de calculer de nombreuses variables d’intérêt agronomique et environnemental. Ils sont conçus pour simuler les interactions complexes entre les cultures, l'eau et l'azote (N) du sol dans le continuum sol–plante–atmosphère. Entre autres modèles, STICS est un modèle sol–culture basé sur les processus, qui a été développé initialement pour des conditions agropédoclimatiques de régions tempérées. Cependant, étant un modèle générique, il est possible de l’adapter aux conditions d’autres agrosystèmes.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’analyser et d’élargir le domaine d’application de STICS à ces deux cultures d’importance économique cultivées dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la province de Québec et d’évaluer les performances prédictives du modèle sur des simulations sur le long terme. Cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de la généricité de STICS pour des agrosystèmes québécois. Outre le contexte climatique, l’originalité de ce travail porte sur les cultures étudiées, orge de printemps et fléole des prés, et le nombre d’années successives de simulations en continu (sans réinitialisation annuelle). Les performances prédictives de STICS ont été analysées pour la production de biomasse aérienne annuelle, sa teneur en N et la quantité de N exporté pour i) une monoculture d’orge de printemps de 31 ans cultivée avec deux modes de travail du sol et fertilisée avec deux sources de N différentes (engrais azoté minéral et lisier de vaches laitières) ; et ii) une prairie de fléole des prés de 8 ans, fertilisée chaque année avec quatre doses d’engrais azoté minéral (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). Nous avons utilisé les bases de données de deux dispositifs expérimentaux au champ d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.Pour la monoculture d’orge, la procédure de calibration de STICS a nécessité l'ajustement des paramètres de cultivar en particulier, confirmant ainsi la généricité de la plupart des paramètres des plantes définis dans STICS. Les valeurs simulées sur une période de 31 ans se sont révélées être correctement en accord avec les valeurs observées des variables d’intérêt pour les différents traitements, mais avec une plus grande dispersion pour la nutrition azotée. Les résultats de la simulation des attributs de la production végétale au moment de la récolte étaient plus précis pour les années où les précipitations étaient proches de la normale. Pour la prairie de fléole des prés suivie pendant 8 ans, la correspondance entre les valeurs observées et simulées était satisfaisante pour la première coupe effectuée au printemps. STICS a correctement simulé l'effet positif de la dose de fertilisation azotée sur la production de biomasse et la nutrition azotée des plantes. Néanmoins, les valeurs simulées étaient surestimées par le modèle en l’absence de fertilisation azotée. Si l’on excepte cette situation très particulière, non représentative des pratiques agronomiques, les performances de STICS sont donc satisfaisantes dans le contexte dans le contexte des deux essais au champ étudiés. De plus, STICS a bien reproduit la tendance à la baisse de la productivité de la fléole des prés observée en fonction de l'âge de la prairie. Les résultats ont montré que cette baisse de rendement au fil du temps est fortement corrélée à la réduction de la réserve métabolique dans les organes de réserve.En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a montré l’applicabilité et la fiabilité du modèle STICS pour la simulation sur le long terme de la production de biomasse et de la nutrition azotée d'orge de printemps et de la fléole des prés dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la Province de QuébecSpring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) are crops of prime economic importance for the province of Quebec and other regions with cold, humid continental climate (North America, Nordic countries, etc.). Soil-crop models are powerful tools for calculating, a wide range of agronomic and environmental variables, since they are designed to simulate the complex interactions between crops, water, and soil nitrogen (N) in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Among other models, STICS is a process-based soil-crop model developed initially for temperate agropedoclimatic conditions. However, it can be adapted to conditions of other agrosystems.The objectives of this thesis were to analyze and extend the scope of application of STICS to these two economically important crops grown under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec, and to evaluate the model's predictive performance on long–term simulations. This thesis is a contribution to the study of the genericity of STICS for Quebec agrosystems. In addition to the climatic context, the originality of this work lies in the crops studied – spring barley and timothy – and the number of successive years of continuous simulations (without annual reinitialization). The predictive performances of STICS were analyzed for aboveground biomass production, N content and N export for i) a 31-year spring barley monoculture grown under two tillage systems and fertilized with two N sources (mineral N and liquid dairy manure); and ii) an 8-year timothy grassland, fertilized each year with four application N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). We used databases from two experimental field trials conducted by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.For the barley monoculture, the STICS calibration procedure required the adjustment of cultivar parameters in particular, thus confirming the genericity of most plant parameters defined in STICS. There is a good agreement between observed and predicted variables of interest with the various tillage systems and N sources during the 31 successive barley cropping years, but with greater dispersion for the N nutrition. Predictions of crop attributes were more accurate in years with rainfall close to the long-term average. For timothy grassland grown over 8 years, the agreement between observed and predicted values was satisfactory for the first harvest. STICS correctly simulated the positive effect of the N application rates on biomass production and plant N nutrition. Nevertheless, the predicted values were overestimated by the model in the absence of N fertilization. Except for this very specific situation, which is not representative of agronomic practices, STICS performed satisfactorily in the context of the two field experiments studied. In addition, STICS reproduced well decreasing trend in timothy productivity observed with the age of the sward. The results showed that this decrease in yield over time is strongly correlated with the reduction in metabolic reserve in the perennial organs.In conclusion, this thesis work has demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the STICS model for the long-term simulation of biomass production and N nutrition of spring barley and timothy under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec
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PEREIRA, Marcelo da Silva. „Avalia??o da sustentabilidade de sistemas de produ??o agr?cola de base ecol?gica no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, RJ“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1334.
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A study to assess the sustainability of ecological agricultural systems was conducted in Nova Friburgo,RJ, Brazil, in farms conducted under organic production or agroecological transition. This study was based in the System of Environmental Impact Assessment of New Rural Activities, which consists of 62 indicators integrated into an evaluation platform. It is based on the involvement and knowledge of farmers regarding to their establishment, and also considerer field and laboratory analysis on the quality of soil and water, allowing the calculation of indices of environmental performance of productive activity. Evaluation results showed that impact indexes of the dimensions ?Landscape Ecology? and ?Management and Administration? were the main differences between organic and agroecological transition systems. Organic farmers have greater productive diversity and dominion over the various forms of marketing agroecological transition farmers. It was evident the positive contribution of organic agriculture, especially regarding to the increased variety in production and consequently increase in the sustainability of those who are at an early stage of transition.
Um estudo para avaliar a sustentabilidade de sistemas de produ??o de base ecol?gica foi realizado no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo, RJ, em unidades de produ??o org?nica ou em transi??o agroecol?gica. Empregou-se para esse estudo o Sistema de Avalia??o Ponderada de Impacto Ambiental de Atividades do Novo Rural (APOIA-NovoRural), que consiste num conjunto de 62 indicadores integrados em uma plataforma de avalia??o que se fundamenta no envolvimento e no conhecimento dos produtores rurais quanto a seu estabelecimento. Da mesma forma, foram realizadas an?lises de campo e laborat?rio relativas ? qualidade do solo e da ?gua, que permitem o c?lculo de ?ndices de desempenho ambiental da atividade produtiva. Os resultados das avalia??es mostraram que os ?ndices de impacto das dimens?es ?Ecologia da Paisagem? e ?Gest?o e Administra??o? foram os principais diferenciais entre as unidades de produ??o org?nica e as em transi??o agroecol?gica, uma vez que os agricultores org?nicos possuem uma maior diversidade produtiva e t?m um dom?nio maior sobre as diversas formas de comercializa??o que os agricultores em transi??o agroecol?gica. Ficou evidente a contribui??o positiva da agricultura org?nica em rela??o a benef?cios futuros, caso haja uma maior intera??o entre os grupos de agricultores em n?veis variados de transi??o agroecol?gica, principalmente no que diz respeito ao aumento da variedade produtiva e consequente aumento da sustentabilidade daqueles que se encontram em um est?gio inicial de transi??o.
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Devide, Antonio Carlos Pries. „Sistema Org?nico de Produ??o de Mandioca Consorciada com Milho e Caupi“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/505.
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Previous issue date: 2006-04-27Organic systems were evaluated for cassava root production directed to human comsuption in natura, at Serop?dica, Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro State. Treatments consisted of: cassava ('IAC 576-70') single cropping and its intercropped with corn ('Eldorado'), cowpea ('Mau?') or corn plus cowpea. The organic management was standardized and the experimental area was submitted to artificial irrigation. Several phenological features were considered in the evaluations relating all three species under cultivation. Green (immature) corn ears were harvested at the point requiered for fresh marketing. The cowpea was included to function as green manure being cut at flowering and left on the soil surface. Both (corn and cowpea) species were sown between cassava rows, in an alternate design, following the first weeding of the main crop (cassava). The cultivar IAC 576-70 showed suitability with respect to organic management averaging approx. 31 Mg.ha-? of marketable roots. No significant differences were detected between cassava single cropping and any of the intercropping tested systems. Thus, the corn crop represented potential for additional income to the growers. Yield of Eldorado corn averaged 18.125 ears.ha-? correspponding to 5,1 Mg.ha-?. The harvested ears measured 19,5 cm of length by 4,5 cm of basal diameter (mean values) reaching the requirements for marketing, despite a certain frequency of grain failures at the apical end. Residues coming from cowpea cutting brought about an input close to 12 Mg.ha-1, which meant an expressive contribution in nutrient elements, specially nitrogen (about 44 kg N.ha-1). The legume crop, in addition, completely covered cassava inter-rows demonstrating its potential for controlling erosion and weeds.
Foram avaliados sistemas org?nicos de produ??o de mandioca para consumo humano in natura (aipim de mesa), em Serop?dica, Regi?o Metropolitana do Estado do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os tratamentos consistiram de: monocultivo da mandioca (cv. IAC 576-70) e de seus cons?rcios com o milho (cv. Eldorado), com o caupi (cv. Mau?) e com milho+caupi. O manejo org?nico foi padronizado e a ?rea experimental foi artificialmente irrigada. Foram considerados nas avalia??es diversos par?metros fenol?gicos referentes ?s tr?s esp?cies cultivadas. Do milho, foram colhidas espigas verdes (imaturas) no ponto apropriado para comercializa??o como tal. O caupi foi inclu?do como adubo verde, cortado na flora??o e deixado na superf?cie do solo. Ambos os consortes ocuparam as entrelinhas da mandioca, de modo alternado, sendo semeados ap?s a primeira capina da cultura principal. A cultivar IAC 576-70 mostrou-se adaptada ao manejo org?nico, com produtividade m?dia em ra?zes de padr?o comercial pr?xima a 31 Mg.ha-?. N?o houve diferen?as significativas entre o monocultivo e os tr?s tipos de cons?rcio testados. Desse modo, a inclus?o do milho representou potencial de renda adicional ao produtor. A produ??o comercial da cv. Eldorado (m?dia) situou-se em 18.125 espigas.ha-?, o que correspondeu a 5,1 Mg.ha-?. Embora apresentando, com certa freq??ncia, falhas de grana??o na extremidade apical, as espigas foram adequadas para o mercado, medindo, em m?dia, 19,5 cm de comprimento por 4,5 cm di?metro basal. Os res?duos provenientes da ro?ada do caupi representaram um aporte de biomassa da ordem de 12 Mg.ha-?, com uma expressiva contribui??o em macronutrientes, sobretudo o nitrog?nio (cerca de 44 kg de N.ha-1). A leguminosa, em adendo, dominou e cobriu as entrelinhas da mandioca, demonstrando seu potencial de controle ? eros?o e plantas espont?neas.
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Martelleto, Luiz Aur?lio Peres. „Desenvolvimento do ciclo e desempenho agron?mico do mamoeiro sob cultivo org?nico em ambiente protegido“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/548.
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Previous issue date: 2007-01-19A study was conducted at the Integrated System of Agroecological Production (a Research Farm, located in Serop?dica, State of Rio de Janeiro), to evaluate the cycle development and the agronomic performance of papaya under organic management, comparing two ways of growing the plant (with and without trunk bifurcation) in three types of protected environment. Papaya seedlings, cv. Baixinho de Santa Am?lia ("Solo" group), were transplanted to contiguous structures as follows: (a) greenhouse (plastic covering), (b) shadowed greenhouse ('sombrite' net - 30%, over the plastic sheet), and (c) screenhouse ('sombrite' net - 30%, exclusively), side-by-side to an area for papaya cultivation under natural conditions. The greenhouse lateral and frontal parts were protected with anti-aphid screen. In these four treatments, 50% of the hermaphrodite plants were submitted to an incision of the apical bud, soon after sex determination. For a 12 months period of cultivation: temperature, relative air humidity and light radiation were measured in each environment. Regarding to development of papaya: plant height, basal trunk diameter, number of leaves per plant, foliar area, and periods of time to complete phases of the cycle were determined. A study of floral biology and of fruits characteristics also corried out. Cultural practices agreed with technical rules of organic agriculture. For comparisons among differents environments, the jointly experiment analysis" method was adopted. Trunk bifurcation reduced plant height thus extending the time period of papaya production cycle under covered environments. However, there was negative influence in number and average weight of harvested fruits. In the greenhouses (plastic and plastic plus sombrite coverings) there were increases with respect to: plant height, number of leaves, foliar area and time- life of leaves in the plant. In addition, there were reductions in the incidence of black spot (leaves and fruits) and of fruit skin freckles. In the shaded environments, percents of pentandric and carpeloid fruits were lower, opposite to that of estaminate flowers. In the screnhouse (only sombrite net), a decreased proportion of fruits reaching commercial standart occurred. In the greenhouse (plastic covering), other benefitial effects were noticed, such as: anticipation of flowering and fruit harvesting, due to the acceleration of fruit ripening in the plant. Although an increase in the number pentandric, carpeloid and deformed, fruits was observed cultivation in the greenhouse also induced a highly significant increment in yield of marketable fruits (around 67%) compared with the natural environment. The results obtained indicated potential for organic papaya cultivation under greenhouse conditions, as judging by the expressive gain in productivity and plant health, besides the acceleration of the cycle.
O estudo foi conduzido no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica - S.I.P.A. (Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47), situado em Serop?dica,RJ, tendo como objetivos acompanhar o desenvolvimento do ciclo e avaliar o desempenho agron?mico do mamoeiro sob manejo org?nico, comparando duas formas de condu??o da planta (com e sem bifurca??o do tronco), em ambiente natural e em tr?s tipos de ambiente protegido. Para tanto, mudas de mamoeiro da cultivar Baixinho de Santa Am?lia, grupo Solo , foram transplantadas para tr?s estruturas cont?guas: (a) estufa (cobertura de pl?stico), (b) estufa sombreada (cobertura adicional de sombrite 30% sobre o pl?stico) e (c) telado (cobertura de sombrite 30%); estabelecendo-se, ao lado, uma ?rea de cultivo em ambiente natural. Nas estufas (a e b), as laterais e frentes foram revestidas com tela anti-af?dica. Nesses quatro tratamentos, 50% das plantas hermafroditas tiveram o tronco bifurcado por meio de incis?o da gema apical, logo ap?s a determina??o do sexo. Registraram-se, ao longo de 12 meses de cultivo: temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e luminosidade em cada ambiente. Quanto ao desenvolvimento do mamoeiro: altura da planta, di?metro do tronco, n?veis de enfolhamento, ?rea foliar e per?odos de tempo para cumprimento de fases do ciclo, foram monitorados. Realizou-se, ainda, estudo da biologia floral e das caracter?sticas dos frutos produzidos. Os tratos culturais empregados obedeceram ?s normas t?cnicas da produ??o org?nica. Para compara??o entre ambientes de cultivo, adotou-se o m?todo da an?lise conjunta de experimentos . A bifurca??o do tronco reduziu a altura da planta prolongando o cultivo do mamoeiro nos ambientes cobertos. No entanto, teve influ?ncia negativa no n?mero e no peso m?dio dos frutos. Nas estufas (coberturas de pl?stico e de pl?stico mais sombrite) houve aumentos em rela??o a: altura da planta, n?vel de enfolhamento, ?rea foliar e sobrevida das folhas. Por outro lado, ocorreram redu??es da incid?ncia da var?ola (folhas e frutos) e da mancha fisiol?gica nos frutos. Nos ambientes sombreados, os percentuais de frutos pent?ndricos e carpel?ides foram mais baixos, ao contr?rio de flores estaminadas. No telado, registrou-se menor propor??o de frutos atingindo padr?o comercial. Na estufa, ocorreram benef?cios do ponto de vista agron?mico, destacando-se: antecipa??o do florescimento e do in?cio da colheita, al?m da acelera??o do amadurecimento dos frutos na planta. Embora tenha havido aumento do n?mero de frutos pent?ndricos, carpel?ides e aplastados, o cultivo na estufa proporcionou aumento altamente significativo da produ??o de frutos comercializ?veis (em torno de 67%) em compara??o ao ambiente natural. Os resultados obtidos indicaram potencial para o cultivo org?nico do mamoeiro sob condi??es de estufa, em fun??o dos ganhos expressivos de produtividade e sanidade, al?m de precocidade e acelera??o da colheita.
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Loureiro, Maria Otavia Battaglin. „Alvorada de mineiros, capixabas e potiguaras: modos de vida e organiza??o de um grupo de pequenos produtores de frutas org?nicas no interior do Paran?“ Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1883.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
This dissertation deals with ways of life and trajectories of small fruit farmers of Alvorada, in the municipality of Nova Tebas in the state of Paran?. The text itself is based on the ethnographic study between sites, crops, homes and kitchens of farmers linked to Cooperatvama ? cooperative of small producers of organic fruit ? during the months of March and April 2015. Through the narratives of families accompanied, we seek to understand their ways of being and living in the world. In the relation between the cooperative members, we'll see how their reading of life and daily practices pervade the religious, and incorporate a speech of balance and care associated with organic farming and agro-ecological practice. In this sense, we can think in this work as an attempt to organization of the facts in my ethnographic experience, that as the plot unfolds indicates tracks of important components of the sociality of my interlocutors. Through the descriptions of the daily practices of the investigated group we seek to show how one forms and modulates collectivities. We seek thus rescue the ?domestic? spaces and activities putting the house and the woman
Esta disserta??o trata do cotidiano, dos modos de vida e trajet?rias dos agricultores e agricultoras de Alvorada, no munic?pio de Nova Tebas no interior do Paran?. O texto apresentado tem como base o estudo etnogr?fico realizado entre os s?tios, lavouras, casas e cozinhas dos agricultores ligados a Cooperatvama ? cooperativa de pequenos produtores de frutas org?nicas ? durante os meses de mar?o e abril de 2015. Atrav?s das narrativas das fam?lias acompanhadas buscamos compreender seus modos de ser e viver no mundo. Na trama entre os cooperados e cooperadas, vemos como suas leituras de vida e pr?ticas cotidianas perpassam pela religiosidade, e incorporam um discurso do equil?brio e do cuidado, associados com a agricultura org?nica. Nesse sentido, podemos pensar nesta disserta??o como uma tentativa de organiza??o dos fatos vividos e narrados a partir de minha experi?ncia etnogr?fica, que conforme o enredo se desenrola indica pistas de componentes importantes da socialidade de meus interlocutores. Atrav?s das descri??es das pr?ticas cotidianas do grupo investigado procuramos evidenciar como se constituem e se modulam coletividades. Buscamos, assim, resgatar atividades e espa?os ?dom?sticos? descentrando o debate que outrora colocou ? margem a casa e a mulher
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Almeida, Maxwell Mer?on Tezolin Barros. „Fertilizantes de leguminosas: tecnologia inovadora de aduba??o verde para provis?o de nitrog?nio em sistemas org?nicos de produ??o“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/514.
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Previous issue date: 2007-03-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
One of the main limitations to the organic food production is the reduced availability of low cost and efficient nitrogen (N) sources. Green manuring practices, in rotation or intercropped, have been used, but hardly are they able to supply crop needs. This dissertation presents an innovative technology of green manuring, derived of the cutting, dehydration and milling of the aerial biomass of some plants from Leguminosae family (with high potential of biological N2 fixation, N accumulation and handling easiness), with posterior storage and use of the produced material, called legume fertilizer. The technology allows the green manure storage, the production systematization and its use in more appropriate amounts and times, favoring the synchronization/efficiency of N provision. The objects of this study were: the development and evaluation of different production forms of legume fertilizers three herbaceous species: velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and arachis (Arachis pintoi), and two species of tree: gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) ; the physical and chemical characterization of these materials, the utilization potential as alternative sources of N for organic farming systems, their influence on the shelf life of lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Vera), on chemical and biological soil attributes and on germination and establishment of arugula (Eruca sativa cv. Cultivada) seedlings. Three experiments have been conducted: one in field with lettuce, and two in green house with arugula. Legume fertilizers were compared at N basis with poultry bed manure from meat industry. The gliricidia fertilizer showed better physical and chemical attributes (lower C/N and lignin/N ratios) implying higher potential for biodisponibilization of N. This potential was corroborated for two experiments, in which the concentration and accumulation of N in the aerial part of lettuce and arugula was significantly superior to the other organic sources of N (velvet bean fertilizer and poultry bed manure). However, in the other experiment of arugula, the efficiency of five legume fertilizers and poultry bed manure were similar. The incorporation and the reduction of the applied doses of N had increased the efficiency of the provision of N for arugula. Antagonistic effect had been only observed on the germination and establishment of arugula seedlings when the legume fertilizers had been incorporated in the soil, but not when applied in surface. Lettuce shelf life was not affected by application of these organic sources of used N. The legume fertilizers and the poultry bed manure had favored the accumulation of C and total N, and the soil microbial activity with similar magnitudes. This dissertation indicates that legume fertilizers are promising sources of N for the organic farming systems, capable to replace the factory poultry bed manure at the same N level. This potential assumes relevance since poultry bed manure, one of the most used and efficient sources of organic of N, has some restrictions for its use in organic agriculture.
Um dos principais entraves ? produ??o org?nica de alimentos ? a reduzida disponibilidade de fontes de nitrog?nio (N) eficientes e de baixo custo. Pr?ticas de aduba??o verde, em rota??o ou cons?rcio, t?m sido utilizadas, mas dificilmente conseguem garantir as exig?ncias das culturas. Esta disserta??o apresenta uma tecnologia inovadora de aduba??o verde, derivada do corte, desidrata??o e moagem da biomassa a?rea de determinadas plantas da fam?lia Leguminosae (com elevado potencial de fixa??o biol?gica de N2, ac?mulo de N e facilidade de manejo), com posterior armazenagem e uso do material produzido, denominado fertilizante de leguminosa. A tecnologia permite a estocagem do adubo verde, a sistematiza??o da produ??o e seu uso em quantidades e ?pocas mais adequadas, favorecendo a sincronia/efici?ncia da provis?o de N. Foram objetos deste estudo: o desenvolvimento e a avalia??o de diferentes formas de produ??o de fertilizantes de leguminosas tr?s de esp?cies herb?ceas: mucuna cinza (Mucuna pruriens), crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea) e arachis (Arachis pintoi), e dois de esp?cies arb?reas: gliric?dia (Gliricidia sepium) e leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) ; a caracteriza??o f?sica e qu?mica desses materiais, o potencial de uso como fontes alternativas de N para sistemas org?nicos de produ??o, a influ?ncia das aduba??es sobre a vida ?til p?s-colheita de alface (Lactuca sativa cv. Vera), sobre atributos qu?micos e biol?gicos do solo e sobre a germina??o e estabelecimento de pl?ntulas de r?cula (Eruca sativa cv. Cultivada). Tr?s experimentos foram conduzidos: um em campo com a cultura da alface, e dois em vasos com r?cula. Em todos eles, as aduba??es com os fertilizantes de leguminosas foram comparadas com cama de avi?rio industrial, proveniente de galp?o de frangos para abate, assegurando-se doses equivalentes de N-total. O fertilizante de gliric?dia foi o que apresentou maior potencial f?sico e qu?mico para biodisponibiliza??o de N (rela??es C/N e lignina/N, baixas). Esse potencial foi corroborado por dois experimentos, nos quais a concentra??o e ac?mulo de N na parte a?rea de alface e r?cula foram significativamente superiores aos proporcionados pelas demais fontes org?nicas de N (fertilizante de mucuna cinza e cama de avi?rio). No entanto, no outro experimento de r?cula, a efici?ncia dos cinco fertilizantes de leguminosas e da cama de avi?rio foi semelhante. A incorpora??o e a diminui??o das doses de N aplicadas aumentaram a efici?ncia da provis?o de N para a r?cula. Efeitos antag?nicos, s? foram observados sobre a germina??o e estabelecimento das pl?ntulas de r?cula quando os fertilizantes de leguminosas foram incorporados ao solo, mas n?o quando aplicados em cobertura. A vida ?til p?s-colheita das alfaces n?o foi influenciada quanto ? fonte org?nica de N utilizada. Os fertilizantes de leguminosas e a cama de avi?rio favoreceram ao ac?mulo de C e N-total, e a atividade microbiana no solo com magnitudes semelhantes. Esta disserta??o indica que os fertilizantes de leguminosas s?o fontes promissoras de N para os sistemas org?nicos de produ??o, capazes de substituir a cama de avi?rio industrial, em dosagem equivalente de N-total. Esse potencial assume relev?ncia, tendo em vista que a cama de avi?rio, uma das fontes de org?nicas de N mais usadas e eficazes, sofre restri??es quanto ao seu emprego em agricultura org?nica.
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PIANA, Airton. „Agricultura org?nica: a subjacente constru??o de rela??es sociais e saberes“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 1999. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2044.
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CNPq
FAPERJ
Ce travail de recherche se propose d'analyser deux th?mes intervenants dans la r?cente constituition de l' Agriculture Organique dans la r?gion des environs de la ville de S?o Paulo. L'un s'agit de la construction de savoirs qui orientent la production d'un nouveau lieu de l'homme dans la nature. Ils sont constitu?s ? partir de connaissances reconnues comme cientifiques. L'autre s'agit de la constuition de circuits d'?changes con?us pour la commercialisation des oleraceas organiques.
This research proposes to analyze two themes related to organic agriculture constitution in the region of greenbelt of the city of S?o Paulo, in recent times. The first one treats of construction of revealed guiding knowledges in production of a new place of man in nature, constituted from recognized scientific knowledge. The second one is related to the constitution of exchange circuits consubstantiated to marketing of organic vegetables.
Este trabalho de pesquisa prop?e-se ? an?lise de dois temas intervenientes na constitui??o da Agricultura Org?nica na regi?o do cintur?o verde da cidade de S?o Paulo, em per?odo recente. O primeiro, trata da constru??o de saberes que se revelaram orientadores na produ??o de um novo lugar do homem na natureza, constitu?dos a partir de conhecimentos reconhecidos como cient?ficos. O segundo, trata da constitui??o dos circuitos de troca consubtanciados para a comercializa??o das oler?ceas org?nicas.
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Fernandes, Rodolfo Cond? „Desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro comum sob aduba??o org?nica e convencional“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2453.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Cap. I The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, nodulation, production and technological analysis of grains of common bean cultivars under organic and conventional fertilization. Two field experiments were conducted at the research site of Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica - RJ, during April and July 2013 and April and August 2014. A 4x4 factorial split plot design (4 bean cultivars and 4 fertilization) with four replications was used, the fertilizations in the plots and cultivars in the subplots. The cultivars were Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. The fertilizer treatments were: absolute control, chemical fertilizer and two levels of cattle manure applied at planting and castor seed meal applied at top dressed. The subplots were 4 lines of 4 m spaced by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. The seeds were inoculated with rhizobium commercial inoculant for bean with peat as a means of inoculation. Plants were sampled at two growth stages, for biomass and nodulation at flowering, and for grain yield and yield components at maturity of each cultivar. In order to determine the influence of fertilization on the cooking time and grain water absorption, a field experiment was carried out When? with 6 bean cultivars with chemical or organic fertilization. In both years, the lower dose of organic fertilizer had higher nodulation than higher organic dose and the control treatment and chemical fertilizer did not differ between themselves and had the lowest values for number and mass of nodules. In both years, cultivars Apor? and Valente showed higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index than the other cultivars. However, there were no differences between cultivars for grain yield in the two years. Organic fertilization associated with inoculation in the two years provided yields ranging from 209.9 to 262.4 g m-2, considered satisfactory and similar to those obtained by chemical fertilizer, arising as a promising technology. The organic fertilization provided N, P, K and Mg contents in grains similar to treatment with chemical fertilization. At experiment of 2015, the percentage of water absorption in grains and baking time was higher in beans that received chemical fertilizers for most cultivars Cap. II The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in small growing areas, coupled with the use of technologies that provide a reduction in the production cost and increase the economic returns of farmers, demand the identification of cultivars better suited to this type of management and accepted in the regional consumer market. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of different bean cultivars of different types of commercial grain and the techniques of low cost management used by family farmers in Cachoeiras de Macacu region - RJ. Two experiments were conducted between April and July 2014 (winter crop) in two family farm properties. The sites were "Dois Irm?os" and "Santa Monica". Five bean cultivars were evaluated at ?Dois Irm?os? (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two fertilization treatments (chemistry fertilizer at farmers? applied rate and organic fertilizer). At the Santa Monica site 6 cultivars were evaluated (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga and Jalo Precoce) without any fertilization, with four replicates per treatment. The plots were spaced lines of 4 m by 0.5 m, using 12 seeds per meter. Seeds were inoculated with peat based commercial rhizobia inoculants. At maturity, grains of each cultivar were harvested from an area of 2 m2 in the two central lines of each plot for productivity assessment. Grain yield of the five cultivars did not differ among the fertilizer treatments at ?Dois Irm?os?. Grain production of the six cultivars did not differ from each other at ?Santa Monica?. The Valente and Radiante cultivars reached the highest production for the two sites; ?Dois Irm?os? and ?Santa Monica?, respectively. In general, all cultivars showed good performance for the different types of management, with average yield above 2000 kg ha-1 in the two properties. Technique of inoculation of seeds with rhizobia was well evaluated by farmers by the ease implementation and low cost of deployment.
Cap. I O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, produ??o e a an?lise tecnol?gica de gr?os de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris), sob aduba??o org?nica e convencional. Dois experimentos foram realizados em campo na Embrapa Agrobiologia, em Serop?dica ? RJ, entre abril e julho de 2013 e abril e agosto de 2014, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x4 em parcelas subdivididas (4 cultivares e 4 tipos de aduba??o) com quatro repeti??es, as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram utilizadas as cultivares Apor?, Constanza, Manteig?o e Valente. Os tratamentos de aduba??o foram testemunha absoluta, aduba??o qu?mica e duas doses de aduba??o org?nica com esterco bovino no sulco de plantio e torta de mamona em cobertura. As subparcelas foram constitu?das por 4 linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear. As sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial contendo riz?bio para feijoeiro com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Efetuaram-se duas amostragens, uma de biomassa e nodula??o na flora??o e outra na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar para avalia??o do rendimento e componentes de produ??o. No mesmo campo experimental, com o objetivo de se determinar a influ?ncia do manejo sobre a qualidade tecnol?gica dos gr?os, instalou-se um ensaio a campo, entre setembro e dezembro de 2015, para produzir gr?os de 6 cultivares comerciais de feijoeiro comum, sob 2 tipos de aduba??o, qu?mica e org?nica. Comparando-se as m?dias da nodula??o quanto ao tipo de aduba??o Nos dois anos, a menor dose de aduba??o org?nica apresentou valores superiores de nodula??o que a maior dose org?nica e, por sua vez os tratamentos testemunha e aduba??o qu?mica n?o diferiram entre si e apresentaram os menores valores para o n?mero e massa de n?dulos. Nos dois anos, as cultivares Apor? e Valente apresentaram valores superiores de n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e ?ndice de colheita que as demais. Entretanto n?o houve diferen?as das cultivares para a 19 produ??o de gr?os os dois anos avaliados. A aduba??o org?nica associada ? inocula??o nos dois anos proporcionou rendimentos variando de 209,9 a 262,4 g m-2, considerados satisfat?rios e semelhantes aos obtidos pela aduba??o qu?mica, mostrando-se uma tecnologia promissora. As aduba??es org?nicas proporcionaram conte?dos de N, P, K e Mg nos gr?os similares ao tratamento com aduba??o qu?mica. No experimento de 2015, a porcentagem de absor??o de ?gua nos gr?os e o tempo de cozimento foram menores quando os gr?os foram provenientes da aduba??o org?nica para a maioria das cultivares. Cap. II A produ??o de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em pequenas ?reas de cultivo, aliado ao uso de tecnologias que proporcionem redu??o no custo de produ??o e aumento do retorno econ?mico para o agricultor, demanda a identifica??o de cultivares melhor adaptadas a este tipo de manejo e aceita??o no mercado consumidor regional. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a produ??o de diferentes cultivares de feijoeiro, de diferentes tipos comerciais de gr?o, e a utiliza??o t?cnicas de manejo de baixo custo por agricultores familiares da regi?o de Cachoeiras de Macacu ? RJ. Dois experimentos foram realizados entre abril e julho de 2014 (safra de inverno), em duas propriedades sob agricultura familiar, os s?tios ?Dois Irm?os? e ?Santa M?nica?. No s?tio Dois Irm?os adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdivididas 2 x 5 (2 aduba??es e 5 cultivares), as aduba??es dispostas nas parcelas e as cultivares nas subparcelas. Foram avaliadas as cultivares (Constanza, Kaboon, Manteig?o, Radiante, Valente) sob os tratamentos de aduba??o (qu?mica praticada pelo agricultor e org?nica), com quatro repeti??es por tratamento. Para o s?tio Santa M?nica, adotou-se um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es, onde foram avaliadas 6 cultivares (Valente, Constanza, Radiante, Bolinha, Pitanga e Jalo Precoce) sem nenhum tipo de aduba??o. Em ambos experimentos, as parcelas foram constitu?das por linhas de 4 m espa?adas de 0,5 m, empregando-se 12 sementes por metro linear, cujas sementes foram inoculadas com inoculante comercial com riz?bio para feijoeiro, com turfa como meio de inocula??o. Na matura??o dos gr?os de cada cultivar, foi colhida uma ?rea de 2 m2 nas duas linhas centrais de cada parcela para avalia??o da produtividade. No S?tio dois Irm?os, a produ??o de gr?os das cinco cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos aduba??o org?nica e aduba??o qu?mica. No S?tio Santa M?nica, a produ??o de gr?os das seis cultivares n?o diferiu entre si. As cultivares Valente e Radiante atingiram a maior produ??o no S?tio Dois Irm?os e no 57 S?tio Santa M?nica, respectivamente. Em geral, nas duas propriedades, todas as cultivares avaliadas apresentaram bom desempenho para os diferentes tipos de manejo, com rendimento m?dio acima de 2 000 kg ha-1. A t?cnica de inocula??o das sementes com riz?bio foi bem avaliada pelos agricultores, pela facilidade de execu??o e pelo baixo custo de implanta??o.
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GOMES, Mariano. „Certifica??o P?blica dos Produtos Org?nicos: O caso do IMA - Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1880.
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CNPq
The regulation of organic production in Brazil was built in a participatory manner, and is updated periodically by members of organized civil society and public agencies. Brazil recognizes three mechanisms for assessing organic compliance: certifier-operated certification, participatory compliance systems operated by participatory conformity assessment organizations (OPACs) and social control organizations operated by organized family farmers who are exempted from certification to sell directly to consumers. The objective of this legal framework was to represent the various realities of agroecology and organic production in the country. This study aims to investigate the case of public certification in organic agriculture in Brazil, focusing on the State of Minas Gerias, more specifically on Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria (IMA), a Conformity Assessment Agency. As of 2011, producers and conformity assessment agencies must be registered with the Ministry of Agriculture. The analysis of the National Record of Organic Producers (CNPO) in the last four years showed a marked increase in the number of organic producers registered (96%). The distribution of the organic producers in the CNPO according to the three mechanisms proposed in the regulation points to different forms of ensuring organic quality in the country, which follow the regulation despite applying different tools and using different trade spaces. The growth in the number of OPACs operating Participatory Assurance Systems in this period (2012-2016) was over 200%. Certification, albeit not regulated, is the mechanism chosen worldwide to provide organic quality assurance, as implemented primarily by private companies. Public certification takes place only in Denmark, although in some European countries it is subsidized for small producers for a certain period of time. In Brazil, federal resources offered by the Brazilian Support Service for Micro and Small Business (SEBRAE), in partnership with the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), supported the implementation of public and private certification (SCOFANO, 2014) after publication of the legal framework for organic agriculture (2003-2009). At the federal states level, public certification exists in the states of Paran? through Instituto de Tecnologia do Paran? (TECPAR) and of Minas Gerais through IMA. At the national level, the service is provided by Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, located in Rio de Janeiro. Producers linked to public certification represent 2.22% of the registrations in the CNPO. Because they are public bodies, they can effectively comply with the principle of independence established by the ISO certification standard. The partnership with the public ATER Organizations is strategic, and should be pursued by public certifiers for the development of the sector. For the analysis of the organization, we rely on the four-fold view of organizations according to the anthroposophy and teachings of Rudolf Steiner. In the resource dimension, IMA needs to improve its fleet and electronic equipment, continue to support the professional qualification of its staff, and also broaden its staff. In the process dimension, it is efficient. However, it should invest in the relationship dimension, integrating its employees and partner organizations. In the identity dimension, actions that favor valuation and reaffirm the mission and values of both employees and the company should be sought, evaluated and renewed periodically.
A regulamenta??o da produ??o org?nica no Brasil foi constru?da de forma participativa, e ? atualizada periodicamente por membros da sociedade civil organizada e ?rg?os p?blicos. O Brasil reconhece tr?s mecanismos de avalia??o da conformidade org?nica: certifica??o operada pelas certificadoras, sistemas participativos de garantia - SPG operados pelas organiza??es participativas de avalia??o da conformidade (OPAC) e as organiza??es de controle social (OCS), operacionalizadas pelos agricultores familiares organizados que realizam a venda direta aos consumidores, sendo isentos de certifica??o. O objetivo deste arcabou?o legal era representar as diversas realidades envolvidas com a agroecologia e a produ??o org?nica no pa?s. O trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo de caso da certifica??o publica na agricultura org?nica no Brasil, com foco no Estado de Minas Gerias, mais especificamente no Organismo de Avalia??o da Conformidade (OAC), Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria (IMA). A partir de 2011 os produtores e organismos de avalia??o da conformidade tinham que estar registrados no Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e do Abastecimento (MAPA). A an?lise do Cadastro Nacional de Produtores Org?nicos (CNPO), nos ?ltimos quatros anos evidenciou um crescimento acentuado no n?mero de produtores org?nicos cadastrados (96 %). A distribui??o dos produtores org?nicos no CNPO pelos tr?s mecanismos propostos na regulamenta??o mostra a realidade de diferentes situa??es existentes no pa?s para garantir as qualidades org?nicas, que embora usem diferentes ferramentas e espa?os de comercializa??o, seguem a regulamenta??o. O crescimento no n?mero de OPACs que operam SPG, nesse per?odo (2012-2016) foi superior a 200%. A certifica??o ? o mecanismo escolhido, mas n?o ? regulamentado, no mundo para dar garantia da qualidade org?nica, executada prioritariamente por empresas privadas. A certifica??o p?blica acontece somente na Dinamarca, embora em alguns pa?ses da Europa seja subsidiada para pequenos produtores, por determinado espa?o de tempo. No Brasil, recursos federais ofertados pelo Servi?o Brasileiro de Apoio as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) em parceria com o Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), ap?s publica??o do marco legal da agricultura org?nica (2003- 2009), apoiaram a implanta??o da certifica??o p?blica e privada (SCOFANO, 2014). A certifica??o p?blica estadual existe nos estados do Paran? atrav?s do Instituto de Tecnologia do Paran? (TECPAR) e Minas Gerais atrav?s do IMA, e no ?mbito federal ? ofertada pelo Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), localizado no Rio de Janeiro. Os produtores vinculados ? certifica??o p?blica, representam 2,22% dos registros no CNPO, e pelo fato de serem ?rg?os p?blicos, podem efetivamente cumprir com o princ?pio da independ?ncia estabelecido pela norma ISO para a certifica??o. A parceria com as organiza??es de ATER p?blica ? estrat?gica, e, deve ser perseguida pelas certificadoras p?blicas para desenvolvimento do setor. Para an?lise da organiza??o, nos baseamos na vis?o quadrimembrada das organiza??es de acordo com a antroposofia e ensinamentos de Rudolf Steiner. O IMA como organiza??o no n?vel dos recursos precisa melhorar a frota e equipamentos eletr?nicos, continuar com o apoio a qualifica??o profissional do seu quadro, mas tamb?m realizar concursos para ampliar sua capacidade de atua??o. No n?vel dos processos, ? eficiente. Deve investir mais no n?vel das rela??es de seus funcion?rios e com as organiza??es parceiras, na busca de maior integra??o. No n?vel da identidade, a??es que favore?am a valora??o e reafirmem a miss?o e os valores dos funcion?rios e da empresa devem ser buscados, avaliados e renovados periodicamente.
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Batista, Nilcileny da Silva. „Diversifica??o de cultivos de hortali?as associada ao uso de insumos para a fertilidade do solo, em sistema org?nico de produ??o“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1774.
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Ag?ncia Norueguesa de Coopera??o para o Desenvolvimento, NORAD, Noruega.
The soil management in organic production systems requires the use of technologies that allow maintaining and improving their properties. In this sense, the use of alternatives such as intercropping, biochar, organic fertilization and inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria in agriculture has been associated with improvements in productivity. In a first experiment, we evaluated the production of cassava in an intercropping system with maize and beans in different arrangements under organic farming. The experiment was carried out in SIPA, "Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47", Serop?dica, RJ. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: cassava, maize, cassava + maize + beans, cassava + maize, beans and maize. The dimension of the experimental plots was 6 x 5 m and 8 linear meters were sampled to evaluate the productivity of beans and maize. Twelve plants per plot were evaluated for cassava. The sowing of beans and maize took place at the same day cassava was planted. Beans were harvested at 90 days and the following variables were evaluated: yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 grains. The maize was harvested at 91, 92 and 100 days after sowing (DAS) and the productivity of husked and dehusked spikes, spike length and spike diameter were measured. The cassava was harvested at 354 DAP after planting and the following variables were evaluated: productivity of roots and shoots, length and diameter of the roots. There was no significance for cassava production. However, the area equivalency index for the maize and cassava intercrop indicated an advantage of this system over the others. In a second experiment, we evaluated the potential of biochar and its interaction with microbial inoculants and organic fertilizer on crop performance. These tecnologies were evaluated in a crop rotation system: maize (Zea mays) var. Caatingueiro and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Alessa were used in the first and second cycles, respectively. Maize seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and beans with both Rhizobium tropici and Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with eight treatments and three replications, and the experimental design was a randomized block design. The treatments were the combinations of the presence or absence of three factors (biochar, fertilizer and inoculation. The biochar was applied at the dose of 15 Mg ha-?. The organic fertilizer ?Bokashi? was applied at the dose of 113 kg ha-? N. The plots were 3.0 x 3.50 m. The maize was harvested at 90 DAP and the following variables were measured: yield, weight of 100 g, length and diameter of spikes. The snap beans were harvested at 60 DAP and pod productivity and shoot biomass were evaluated. In maize fertilization and inoculation influenced weight of 100 grains under the conditions studied. For coinoculation beans green influenced dry matter mass and pods number, biochar influenced number of pods and dry mass of shoots in the presence of residual fertilization. We can conclude that the intercrop system and that the use biochar, Bokashi fertilization and, especially, inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria are possible alternatives for the production of cassava, maize and beans in organic farming.
O manejo do solo em sistemas org?nicos de produ??o requer o uso de tecnologias que permitam manter e aumentar sua produtividade. Neste sentido, o cons?rcio de culturas e o uso de biocarv?o, fertiliza??o com adubos org?nicos e a inocula??o com bact?rias promotoras do crescimento de plantas est?o entre as alternativas dispon?veis que t?m sido associadas ao aumento de produtividade. Num primeiro experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o consorcio de mandioca var. Ouro da Bahia, feij?o (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Valente e milho (Zea mays) var. Eldorado em diferentes arranjos, sob manejo org?nico. O experimento foi conduzido no SIPA ?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47?. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeti??es a saber: Mandioca solteira, Mandioca + milho + feij?o, Mandioca + milho, Milho + feij?o e Milho solteiro. As parcelas tinham 6x5 m. com oito metros lineares de ?rea ?til para feij?o e milho por parcela. Para mandioca, foram analisadas doze plantas por parcela. O plantio dos consortes ocorreu no mesmo dia do plantio da mandioca. O feij?o foi colhido aos 90 dias e foram avaliados: produtividade, n?mero de vagens por planta, n?mero de gr?os por vagem e peso de 100 gr?os. O milho foi colhido aos 91, 92 e 100 DAP e foram avaliada produtividade de espigas, comprimento e di?metro das espigas. Aos 354 DAP, colheu-se a mandioca para avaliar: produtividade de ra?zes e parte a?rea, comprimento e di?metro das ra?zes. N?o houve diferen?a significativa para produtividade da mandioca, mais houve diferen?a para produtividade de feij?o e do milho. O ?ndice de Equival?ncia de ?rea (IEA) de 1,26 para o cons?rcio mandioca e milho, indicou vantagem. Num segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do biocarv?o e sua intera??o com inoculantes e fertiliza??o org?nica no desempenho de cultivos. Para tal, foi realizado um cultivo em sucess?o onde, no primeiro ciclo foi utilizado o milho var. Caatingueiro e no segundo ciclo o feij?o vagem cv. Alessa. As sementes de milho foram inoculadas com Azospirillum brasilense e as de feij?o vagem com Rhizobium tropici e Azospirillum brasilense. O experimento foi um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, com oito tratamentos entre combina??es dos fatores biocarv?o, aduba??o e inocula??o (presen?a e aus?ncia) e tr?s repeti??es. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso. Aplicou-se a lan?o15 Mg ha-? de biocarv?o por parcela. A fertiliza??o, com composto Bokashi, foi 113 kg ha-? de N. As parcelas tinham 3,0 x 3,50 m. O milho foi colhido aos 90 DAP e analisou-se: produtividade, peso de 100 gr?os, comprimento e di?metro de espigas. O feij?o vagem foi colhido aos 60 DAP e foram analisados produtividade de vagem e parte a?rea. Para o milho a aduba??o e a inocula??o influenciaram massa de 100 gr?os, nas condi??es estudadas. No feij?o vagem, a inocula??o influenciou massa seca de vagens e numero de vagens, o biocarv?o influenciou n?mero de vagens e massa seca de parte a?rea na presen?a de aduba??o residual. Pode-se concluir que o cons?rcio, a inocula??o, aduba??o org?nica s?o alternativas poss?veis para incrementar produtividade de culturas, a renda e seguran?a alimentar do produtor
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ANTUNES, Luiz Fernando de Sousa. „Produ??o de gongocompostos e sua utiliza??o como substrato para produ??o de mudas de alface“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2347.
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CNPq
The millicompost is a 100% substrate consisting of organic compound generated by the activity of diplopods of the species Trigoniulus corallinus, popularly known as millipedes, that are big consumers of litter and guarantee the cycling of nutrients to the soil. The generation of lignocellulosic residues is increasing and there is not always the correct destination of these residues. The millicomposting is an environmentally friendly alternative that allows the production of organic compounds from different agricultural residues for later use as a substrate in the production of vegetables. In this sense, this work was divided in three stages, whose objectives were: to evaluate the consumption of agricultural and urban residues by the Trigoniulus corallinus (Chapter I); to evaluate the efficiency of the millicomposts produced from agricultural and urban residues, at different composting times by the activity of the Trigoniulus corallinus diplopods, as substrates for the production of Vera lettuce seedlings, in addition to evaluating the pH, electrical conductivity and total macronutrient contents of the gongocomposts after storage for three months (Chapter II) and to evaluate the agronomic performance of lettuce in an organic production system, according to the quality of the seedlings of cultivar Vera lettuce grown by different millicomposts (Chapter III) In Chapter I, the results confirm that T. corallinus diplopods are able to ingest nutrient poor residues, but clearly exhibit their food preferences for residues containing higher nutrient contents. In Chapter II, of the three millicomposts evaluated, only the substrates T2-millicompost 125 days and T3- millicompost 180 days were efficient in lettuce production, however, the T3 substrate was responsible for the production of plants with greater accumulation of biomass, height and stability of the clod, being similar to the substrate T4-SIPA, considered as control. The storage for a period of three months allowed changes in pH, electrical conductivity and macronutrient contents, and only the electrical conductivity values were higher than allowed by Brazilian legislation. In the evaluation of the lettuce seedlings, the substrate T4-SIPA followed by the substrate T2-millicompost 125 days, were those that provided seedlings with greater development. In Chapter III, the T1-90 days treatment was lower in all evaluated parameters, when compared to the other treatments, but its estimated productivity meets the expectations for the state of Rio de Janeiro. Although there were no statistical differences, the estimated productivity was 10.38 and 11.82% lower for the treatment T2-125 days in relation to treatments T3-180 days and T4-SIPA, respectively, proving that the quality of the seedlings transplanted on the field is able to directly influence productivity in the lettuce crop.
O gongocomposto ? um substrato 100% constitu?do por composto org?nico gerado pela atividade de dipl?podes da esp?cie Trigoniulus corallinus, popularmente conhecidos como gongolos, que s?o grandes consumidores de serrapilheira e garantem a ciclagem de nutrientes para o solo. A gera??o de res?duos lignocelul?sicos ? crescente e nem sempre h? a destina??o correta destes res?duos. A gongocompostagem ? uma alternativa amiga do meio ambiente, que viabiliza a produ??o de compostos org?nicos a partir de diferentes res?duos agr?colas para posterior uso como substrato na produ??o de hortali?as. Nesse sentido, este trabalho se dividiu em tr?s etapas, cujos objetivos foram: avaliar o consumo de res?duos agr?colas e urbanos pelo dipl?pode Trigoniulus corallinus (Cap?tulo I); avaliar a efici?ncia dos gongocompostos produzidos a partir de res?duos agr?colas e urbanos, em diferentes tempos de compostagem pela atividade dos dipl?podes Trigoniulus corallinus, como substratos para a produ??o de mudas de alface cultivar Vera, al?m de avaliar os valores de pH, de condutividade el?trica e dos teores de macronutrientes totais dos gongocompostos ap?s o armazenamento pelo per?odo de tr?s meses (Cap?tulo II) e avaliar o desempenho agron?mico da alface em sistema de produ??o org?nica, de acordo com a qualidade das mudas de alface crespa cultivar Vera produzidas por diferentes gongocompostos (Cap?tulo III) No Cap?tulo I, os resultados confirmam que os dipl?podes T. corallinus s?o capazes de ingerir res?duos pobres em nutrientes, por?m exibem nitidamente as suas prefer?ncias alimentares por res?duos que contenham maiores teores nutricionais. No Cap?tulo II, dos tr?s gongocompostos avaliados, apenas os substratos T2-gongocomposto 125 dias e T3-gongocomposto 180 dias se mostraram eficientes na produ??o de alface, contudo, o substrato T3 foi respons?vel pela produ??o de plantas com maior ac?mulo de biomassa, altura e estabilidade de torr?o, sendo semelhantes ao substrato T4-SIPA, tido como controle. O armazenamento pelo per?odo de tr?s meses proporcionou altera??es nos valores de pH, condutividade el?trica e teores de macronutrientes, sendo que apenas os valores de condutividade el?trica ficaram acima do permitido pela legisla??o brasileira. Na avalia??o das mudas de alface, o substrato T4-SIPA seguido pelo substrato T2-gongocomposto 125 dias, foram os que proporcionaram mudas com maior desenvolvimento. No Cap?tulo III, o tratamento T1-90 dias foi inferior em todos os par?metros avaliados, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos, por?m sua produtividade estimada atende ? esperada para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Embora n?o tenha havido diferen?as estat?sticas, a produtividade estimada foi 10,38 e 11,82% menor para o tratamento T2-125 dias em rela??o aos tratamentos T3-180 dias e T4-SIPA, respectivamente, comprovando que a qualidade da muda transplantada no campo ? capaz de influenciar diretamente na produtividade na cultura da alface.
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Graf, Andreas. „Agricultural Insurance for Developing Countries“. St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02604684002/$FILE/02604684002.pdf.
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Pessoa, Yldry Souza Ramos Queiroz. „Agricultura familiar: uma perspectiva da qualidade de vida do produtor rural org?nico da Para?ba“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17404.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-13Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Knowledge of quality of life is a very complex and rich in cultural and subjective dimensions, understood in a broad sense and multivariate theme. Considering the rural areas from agriculture, it is observed that the production standard defines significant changes in the environmental context and the quality of life of rural workers. To explain the relationship between quality of life and Family Organic Agriculture, we sought to analyze the quality of life of the organic family farmer, after change in agricultural management. The research, based on a procedure exploratory study supported the articulation theoretically constructed, showed their relevance and allowed to delimit with greater security, the central question of work. The WHOQOL - 100 treated the instrument of research on quality of life that directed the field study with organic farmers from the town of Lagoa Seca / PB. Farmers and family members are from rural regions Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti and Pau Ferro. The average time is 39 years farming and organic family farm is 16 years. In the analysis work was found that the process of production of vegetables and fruits is divided into 08 steps and with respect to workloads observations showed the presence of: physical loads, mechanical stresses, psychological burden and ergonomic factors. Most farmers reported symptoms were fatigue and cramps in the legs . Regarding the quality of life was noticed that the Psychological Domain contributed positively to the quality of life with mean and standard deviation (17.83 ? 12.78) and Domain Environment negatively contributing to the quality of life of this group (9.00 ? 6.82). We conclude that the practice of Family Organic Agriculture should be seen as an effective strategy in promoting quality of life and social values in between, since it presents environmental sustainability with regard to life and socio-cultural diversity of populations
O conhecimento de qualidade de vida ? um tema muito complexo e rico em dimens?es subjetivas e culturais, entendidas em uma percep??o vasta e multivariada. Considerando o meio rural a partir da agricultura, observa-se que o padr?o produtivo define modifica??es expressivas no contexto ambiental e na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores rurais. Para explanar a rela??o entre qualidade de vida e Agricultura Familiar Org?nica, buscou-se analisar a qualidade de vida do agricultor familiar org?nico, ap?s mudan?a no manejo agr?cola. A investiga??o, baseada em um procedimento de estudo explorat?rio, apoiou a articula??o constru?da teoricamente, mostrou sua pertin?ncia e permitiu delimitar, com maior seguran?a, a quest?o central do trabalho. O WHOQOL-100 tratou-se do instrumento de pesquisa sobre qualidade de vida que direcionou o estudo de campo com os agricultores familiares org?nicos da cidade de Lagoa Seca/PB. Os agricultores e membros da fam?lia s?o oriundos das regi?es rurais Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti e Pau Ferro. O tempo m?dio de agricultura ? de 39 anos e na agricultura familiar org?nica ? de 16 anos. Na an?lise do trabalho se verificou que o processo de produ??o de verduras e frutas se divide em 08 etapas e em rela??o ?s cargas de trabalho as observa??es mostraram a presen?a de: cargas f?sicas, cargas mec?nicas, carga psicol?gica e cargas ergon?micas. Os sintomas mais referidos pelos agricultores foram c?imbras e fadiga nas pernas. No que concerne ? qualidade de vida percebeu-se que o Dom?nio Psicol?gico contribuiu positivamente para a Qualidade de Vida com m?dia e desvio (17,83?12,78) e o Dom?nio Ambiente contribuindo negativamente para a Qualidade de Vida deste grupo (9,00?6,82). Conclui-se que a pr?tica da Agricultura Familiar Org?nica deve ser vista como uma estrat?gia eficaz na promo??o da qualidade de vida e de valores sociais nesse meio, uma vez que apresenta sustentabilidade socioambiental que respeita a vida e a diversidade sociocultural das popula??es
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GUILHERME, Nadja Ohana Soares. „Produtores, ecochefs e consumidores ? a gastronomiza??o da agricultura familiar no circuito carioca de feiras org?nicas“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2223.
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The present research sought to understand the emergence and interaction of the chef of cuisine as mediator in the relationship between small producers and consumers. Based on the characterization of the recent gastronomization phenomenon of organic family farming, this research examined the creation and the work developed by Ecochefs of the Maniva Institute in the Carioca Circuit of Organic Fairs (Circuito Carioca de Feiras Org?nicas ? CCFO). In addition, this research located and analyzed the place of the producers that supply ingredients for the Institute and also sought to understand how organic pink tapioca is perceived and consumed by the visitors of these fairs. The methodological strategy used to achieve these objectives consisted in a qualitative approach to data collection and analysis, based on participant observation at the fairs and semi-structured interviews with producers, chefs and consumers. In conclusion, the research points out that the work developed by Ecocofs of the Maniva Institute goes beyond the construction of a differentiated product of gastronomic quality, prioritizing the figure of the small organic producer, seeking, in this way, to strengthen organic family agriculture in Rio de Janeiro.
A presente pesquisa buscou compreender a emerg?ncia e atua??o do chef de cozinha como mediador na rela??o entre pequenos produtores e consumidores. Partindo da caracteriza??o do fen?meno recente de gastronomiza??o da agricultura familiar org?nica, esta pesquisa examinou a cria??o e o trabalho desenvolvido pelos Ecochefs do Instituto Maniva no Circuito Carioca de Feiras Org?nicas ? CCFO. Al?m disso, situou e analisou o lugar dos produtores que fornecem ingredientes para o Instituto e, ainda, buscou entender como a tapioca pink org?nica ? percebida e consumida pelos frequentadores destas feiras. A estrat?gia metodol?gica utilizada para atingir esses objetivos consistiu na ado??o de uma abordagem qualitativa de coleta e an?lise de dados, a partir da observa??o participante nas feiras e entrevistas semiestruturadas com produtores, chefs e consumidores. Como conclus?o, a pesquisa aponta que o trabalho desenvolvido pelos Ecochefs do Instituto Maniva vai al?m da constru??o de um produto diferenciado e de qualidade gastron?mica, priorizando a figura do pequeno produtor org?nico, buscando, dessa forma, fortalecer a agricultura familiar org?nica do estado do Rio de Janeiro.
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Silva, Edmilson Evangelista da. „Manejo org?nico da cultura da couve em rota??o com o milho, consorciados com leguminosas para aduba??o verde intercalar em plantio direto“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/530.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-17Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Human being has been searching for health foods and environmental conservation in a crescent path. Is this way, organic agriculture activities are showing good results. Nevertheless, several techniques need to be improved for farm adoption. The objective of this work was to evaluate a collard greens and green corn rotation intercropped with legume plants for green manuring in a no tillage system. This work started in May 2003 with the rotation of collard-corn-collard for two years in a SIPA (Integrated Agroecological Production System, Serop?dica, RJ). Mucuna deeringiana and Crotalaria spectabilis intercropped with collard, and C. juncea e M. pruriens intercropped with corn were used. Surface application of 0 and 200 kg ha-1 N-equivalent as poultry bed manure at 6th and 16th harvesting time (100 kg in each application) in 2003; 0 and 100 kg ha-1 of N at 10th harvesting time in 2004 for collard were used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, a factorial 3 x 2 with four replications. Treatments were kept in the same plots during all three cropping periods. Leaf number, yield, specific leaf area, leaf area index, and nutritional analysis were performed for collard, as well as number of corn spikes and nutritional status for corn. In the second collard cropping year chemical analysis and chemical fractionation analysis of soil were performed. Plant biomass, legume plant nutrient level, and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) rate were determined. M. deeringiana and C. spectabilis yielded 1.5 Mg ha-1 of dry plant biomass where intercropped with collard, but BNF was significantly higher for Crotalaria sp. M. pruriens over C. juncea yielded 2.8 and 5.6 Mg ha-1 of dry plant biomass respectively where intercropped with corn. The presence of legume plants intercropped with collard promoted higher numbers of leaf and yield in 2003 and 2004. In 2004, collard leave from plots intercropped with M. pruriens were larger and more turgid, and with better nutritional status. Surface fertilization for collard increased yield, leaf number, leaf area index, and specific leaf area. Residual fertilization from collard cropped in 2003 affected positively corn plants, but there was no residual effect from legumes. Corn plants showed nutritional N deficiency symptoms. This indicated that residual effect from surface fertilization or green manuring were not sufficient for N supply to the crop. Soil carbon level increased on green manure and poultry bed surface fertilization plots. Preference for humin and humic acid formation, and higher levels of N, P, K, Ca e Mg occurred on places where surface organic fertilization was performed. Levels of Ca, K, carbon, and humin occured from starting to the ending point of the second cycle of collard cropping period, demonstrating the enrichment of the soil fertility.
O ser humano tem buscado cada vez mais alimentos saud?veis e a conserva??o do meio ambiente. Neste sentido, a agricultura org?nica em suas atividades tem conseguido bons resultados Entretanto, v?rias t?cnicas ainda devem ser aferidas para que pr?tica seja adotada pelos agricultores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a rota??o couve e milho verde em cultivo intercalar com leguminosas para aduba??o verde, em plantio direto. O trabalho iniciou-se em maio de 2003 com rota??o couve-milho-couve por dois anos no SIPA (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica, Serop?dica, RJ). As leguminosas utilizadas foram Mucuna deeringiana e Crotalaria spectabilis em cons?rcio com a couve; C. juncea e M. pruriens com milho. Aduba??o em cobertura com cama de avi?rio nas doses equivalentes a 0 e 200 kg ha-1 de N na 6a e 16a colheita (100 kg em cada cobertura) em 2003 e 0 e 100 kg ha-1 de N na 10a colheita em 2004 nos cultivos de couve. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 3 x 2, com quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram conservados nas mesmas parcelas durante os tr?s cultivos. Na couve, foram analisados o n?mero de folhas, produtividade, ?rea foliar especifica, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e an?lise nutricional. No milho produtividade, n?mero de espigas e estado nutricional. No segundo ano de cultivo de couve foi realizada an?lise qu?mica e fracionamento qu?mico do solo. Nas leguminosas determinouse a biomassa produzida, teor de nutrientes e taxa de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN). Nos cultivos consorciados de couve as leguminosas M deeringiana e C. spectabilis aportaram cerca de 1,5 Mg ha-1 de mat?ria seca, entretanto a FBN foi significativamente maior para as esp?cies de Crotalaria spp. No milho as leguminosas promoveram aporte significativo de mat?ria seca, destacando-se M. pruriens sobre C. juncea com produtividades de 2,8 e 5,6 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. A presen?a das leguminosas em cons?rcio com a couve promoveram aumentos no n?mero de folhas e na produtividade em 2003 e 2004. As folhas de couve em 2004, nos tratamentos com M. pruriens, eram maiores e mais t?rgidas, al?m de estarem em melhor estado nutricional. A aduba??o em cobertura na couve aumentou a produtividade, n?mero de folhas, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e ?rea foliar espec?fica. As plantas de milho aproveitaram a aduba??o residual de 2003 na couve, mas m?o foi detectado efeito residual das leguminosas. Nutricionalmente as plantas de milho se encontravam deficientes em nitrog?nio, indicando que o efeito residual, tanto da aduba??o em cobertura e aduba??o verde, n?o era suficiente para suprir a cultura. Houve aumento no teor de carbono do solo no manejo com aduba??o verde e com aduba??o em cobertura com cama de avi?rio. Houve prefer?ncia na forma??o de huminas e ?cido h?mico, e maiores teores de N, P, K, Ca e Mg nos locais onde foi realizada aduba??o org?nica em cobertura. Do in?cio para o final do segundo ciclo de couve houve aumento nos teores de Ca, K, carbono e humina, demonstrando o enriquecimento da fertilidade do solo.
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Ruoss, Jovanka. „Differential Treatment for Development in the WTO Agreement on Agriculture Normative Arguments and Implementation /“. St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/00717835003/$FILE/00717835003.pdf.
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FORTUNA, Gabriel C?ssia. „Custos monet?rios do quiabeiro org?nico em fun??o de l?minas de irriga??o automatizada, ?pocas de cultivo e bombeamento solar fotovoltaico“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2226.
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The work was carried out in the Integrated Agroecological Production System (SIPA), known as Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47, in the city of Serop?dica - RJ, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the productivity, development and economic viability of the okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) of summer, in regrowth driving and in winter cultivation, when submitted to automated irrigation slides and solar photovoltaic energy. An area of 225 m2 was used and the experimental design of randomized blocks with 4 irrigation slides was used, referring to different flows of drippers (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 Lh-1), Arranged in 5 blocks with 4 replicates, totalizing 20 experimental plots. Irrigation management was performed by the Simplified Irrigation Trigger (ASI). Two cultivation cycles were carried out and characterized as a summer crop (October 2015 to April 2016) and later regrowth (April to August 2016) and winter crop (June to September 2016). The total and commercial yields were evaluated in the three periods, as well as quality indices and crop development. The monetary costs were realized considering the costs of implantation and conduction of the crop and the selling prices practiced in the organic and conventional retail market (free markets) and in the wholesale market, being determined the net income, the rate of return and the index of profitability. The monetary costs of the photovoltaic system were calculated from the irradiance data during the cultivation period and the energy consumption of the pump. There was no significant difference between the treatments tested for all variables, except for total and commercial productivity in the eleventh week of winter cultivation. The analysis of monetary costs confirmed the production results, indicating that the lowest applied blade is responsible for the greater profitability and efficiency of water use, even commercializing the production by the values practiced in the conventional wholesale market. Likewise, there was a profitability also with the increment of the photovoltaic system in the total costs of the production system, being smaller, however, when compared to the use of the electric energy for the pumping of water. The minimum yields to be achieved in order to avoid losses were within the range of productivity expected for the crop, for the summer, winter and year of production in the three commercialization systems, even with the cost increase due to the use of solar energy.
O trabalho foi realizado no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA), conhecido como Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47, no munic?pio de Serop?dica ? RJ, e teve como objetivo avaliara produtividade, o desenvolvimento e a viabilidade econ?mica do quiabeiro (Abelmoschus esculentus) no cultivo de ver?o, na condu??o de rebrota e no cultivo de inverno, quando submetido a l?minas de irriga??o automatizada e energia solar fotovoltaica. Foi utilizada uma ?rea de 225 m2 e adotado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 4 l?minas de irriga??o, referentes a diferentes vaz?es de gotejadores (2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0 L.h-1), dispostas em 5 blocos com 4 repeti??es, totalizando 20 parcelas experimentais. O manejo da irriga??o foi realizado pelo Acionador Simplificado para Irriga??o (ASI). Dois ciclos de cultivo foram realizados e caracterizados como cultivo de ver?o (outubro de 2015 a abril de 2016) e posteriormente sua rebrota (abril a agosto de 2016) e pelo cultivo de inverno (de junho a setembro de 2016). Foram avaliadas nos tr?s per?odos, as produtividades total e comercial, al?m de ?ndices de qualidade e desenvolvimento da cultura. Os custos monet?rios foram realizados considerando os custos de implanta??o e condu??o da lavoura e os pre?os de venda praticados no mercado varejista org?nico e convencional (feiras livres) e no mercado atacadista, sendo determinados a renda l?quida, a taxa de retorno e o ?ndice de lucratividade. Os custos monet?rios do sistema fotovoltaico foram realizados a partir dos dados de irradi?ncia durante o per?odo de cultivo e do consumo energ?tico da bomba. N?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos testados, para todas as vari?veis, exceto para a produtividade total e comercial na d?cima primeira semana do cultivo de inverno. A an?lise dos custos monet?rios confirmou os resultados de produ??o, indicando que a menor l?mina aplicada ? respons?vel pela maior lucratividade e efici?ncia do uso da ?gua, mesmo comercializando a produ??o pelos valores praticados no mercado atacadista convencional. Da mesma forma, houve rentabilidade tamb?m com o incremento do sistema fotovoltaico nos custos totais do sistema de produ??o, sendo menor, por?m, quando comparada ao uso da energia el?trica para o bombeamento de ?gua. As produtividades m?nimas a serem alcan?adas para que n?o ocorram preju?zos ficaram dentro da faixa de produtividade esperada para a cultura, para o cultivo de ver?o, inverno e ano de produ??o, nos tr?s sistemas de comercializa??o, mesmo com o incremento de custo devido ao emprego da energia solar.
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Loureiro, Diego Campana. „Biomassa microbiana e constituintes l?beis da mat?ria org?nica do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo fitot?cnico e cobertura vegetal“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/524.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of microbial biomass (BMS) and labile soil organic matter pools (MOS), under different systems of management and plant cover. The experiment was conducted in a Haplic Planosol soil on an Integrated Agroecological Production System (SIPA) at Embrapa Agrobiology Center/UFRRJ/Pesagro, Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated management systems were: alley cropping, pasture, and forest garden as a reference area. It was used as sampling system three grids of regular spacing of 2.5 meters, consisting of 25 georeferentiated points, where soil samples at 10cm depth were taken. The following labile constituents were determined: free light fraction (FLL), water soluble C and N, C and N of BMS, and glomalin content. The areas of alley cropping and pasture showed spatial dependence to the attributes of MOS. The occurrence of larger spatial dependence of the parameters associated to microbial biomass in the alley cropping system (Corg, FLL, BMS-N and respiration), probably was due to external factors related to management, such as: intensive rotational cropping system, diversity of cultures and different inputs of organic matter to soil (pruning material and organic compost).
O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial da biomassa microbiana (BMS) e os constituintes l?beis da mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS), sob diferentes sistemas de manejo e cobertura vegetal. O experimento foi instalado em um Planossolo H?plico no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) da Embrapa Agrobiologia/UFRRJ/Pesagro, Serop?dica/RJ. Os sistemas de manejo avaliados foram: cultivo em al?ias, pastagem e horto florestal como ?rea de refer?ncia. Para a amostragem utilizou-se 3 grades regulares com espa?amento de 2,5 metros, composta de 25 pontos georreferenciados para cada grade, onde coletou-se amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-10 cm. Em cada amostra determinou-se os teores de C e N associados ? BMS e os seguintes constituintes l?beis da MOS: fra??o leve livre, formas de C e N sol?veis em ?gua e teor de glomalina. Determinaram-se tamb?m as fra??es granulom?tricas areia, silte, argila, umidade gravim?trica, bem como os atributos qu?micos c?lcio, magn?sio, f?sforo, pot?ssio, carbono org?nico, nitrog?nio total, alum?nio, CTC e pH em ?gua. Somente as ?reas de cultivo em al?ias e pastagem apresentaram depend?ncia espacial para os atributos da MOS. A ocorr?ncia de maior depend?ncia espacial dos par?metros associados ? BMS nas al?ias (Corg, fra??o leve livre da MO, BMS-N e respira??o) deveu-se provavelmente a fatores extr?nsecos relacionados ao manejo, tais como: intensa rota??o e diversidade de culturas e aporte diferenciado de adubos org?nicos (material de poda e aplica??o de compostos org?nicos).
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BENTES, Gisele Almeida Ferreira. „Avalia??o da durabilidade de unidades produtivas em transi??o agroecol?gica na regi?o metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2473.
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The present study had as objective to evaluate the durability of eight systems of production of vegetables in agroecological transition in the municipalities of Capim Branco and Matozinhos, belonging to the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, with the application of the IDEA method. In the IDEA (Indicators of Durability of Exploitations Agricole) method, the durability quantification is proposed through a matrix with 41 indicators, grouped into 10 components, which comprise three dimensions: agro-environmental (19 indicators), socio-territorial (16) and economic (6). The combination of the values of the indicators allows measuring the durability of each dimension, which can vary from zero to 100 points. The structure of the method defines that the durability of the production system is limited by the dimension that presents the lowest score. The conceptual model involves aspects of the natural, social and human sciences that, by adapting some indicators to the reality of local agroecosystems, allows the quantitative measurement of durability. The selected properties were the certified organic family farmers, non-certified and with SAT certified (without pesticides), whose main economic activity was the cultivation of vegetables. In these units, the IDEA method was applied in January 2016 through interviews conducted at the production units. In the evaluations, some obstacles were observed that limit the potential of the region as an important producer of organic vegetables. These limitations range from the lack of local inputs to lack of governmental incentive, as well as a precarious process of social organization. From the results found, it can be reported that the durability of the municipalities studied is limited by the socio-territorial dimension, which presented an average score of 65%. In addition, the economic dimension can be improved because, although it is not the limiting factor, according to the method, it presented an average score of 71%. On the other hand, the agri-environmental dimension showed a high score, above 87%.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a durabilidade de oito sistemas de produ??o de oler?colas em transi??o agroecol?gica nos munic?pios de Capim Branco e Matozinhos, pertencentes ? regi?o metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, atrav?s da aplica??o do m?todo IDEA. No m?todo IDEA (Indicateurs de Durabilit? des Exploitations Agricole), postula-se a quantifica??o da durabilidade por meio de uma matriz com 41 indicadores, agrupados em 10 componentes, que comp?em tr?s dimens?es: agroambiental (19 indicadores), s?cio territorial (16) e econ?mica (6). A combina??o dos valores dos indicadores permite aferir durabilidade de cada dimens?o, que pode variar de zero a 100 pontos. A estrutura do m?todo define que a durabilidade em sistemas de produ??o ? limitada pela dimens?o que apresentar o menor escore. O modelo conceitual envolve aspectos das ci?ncias naturais, sociais e humanas, que mediante a adapta??o de alguns indicadores ? realidade dos agroecossistemas locais, permite a mensura??o quantitativa da durabilidade. As propriedades selecionadas foram de agricultores familiares org?nicos certificados, n?o certificados e com a certifica??o SAT (sem agrot?xicos), que tinham como principal atividade econ?mica o cultivo de hortali?as. Nessas unidades, o m?todo IDEA foi aplicado em Janeiro de 2016 por meio de entrevistas realizadas nas unidades produtivas. Nas avalia??es, foram observados alguns entraves que limitam o potencial da regi?o como importante produtora de hortali?as org?nicas. Essas limita??es compreendem desde a falta de insumos locais at? a falta de incentivo governamental, al?m de prec?rio processo de organiza??o social. A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se relatar que a durabilidade dos munic?pios estudados est? limitada pela dimens?o socioterritorial, a qual apresentou um escore m?dio de 65%. Al?m disso, a dimens?o econ?mica pode ser melhorada, pois, apesar de n?o ser o fator limitante, de acordo com o m?todo, apresentou escore m?dio de 71%. Por outro lado, observa-se que a dimens?o agroambiental apresentou escore elevado, acima de 87%.
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PEREIRA, S?lvia Maria de S? Barreto. „O uso da agricultura org?nica na educa??o ambiental: Uma proposta interdisciplinar no curso t?cnico em agropecu?ria“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1776.
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de Janeiro PPGEA/UFRRJ. Serop?dica/RJ, 2015. Under the picture of the use of organic agriculture to the work of interdisciplinarity, the food culture with its great importance for family farming (which provide the support of the majority of rural households) and knowing that school gardens have a role fundamental, both aesthetically, pedagogical, educational point of view also functions as a space of discovery and direct learning many subjects that are covered in the classroom. From this perspective it appears that an organic garden at school Agricultural Dom Augustine Ikas, with the participation of the whole school community. Conforming so, the study leaning out the possibility of growing a vertical garden as a teaching tool, with high school students and technical federal schools. This research aimed to identify the concept of organic agriculture as interdisciplinary approach to environmental education, gathering data to demonstrate the relevance of the subject and enables the work of environmental education as a transdisciplinary element in the curriculum of courses, discussing sustainability from development this garden vegetables and rescuing species from the city of S?o Louren?o da Mata. For this work we were used plastic bottles of 2 liters in the form of suspended planters (vertical planting). The substrate used was humos earthworm, Eisenia andrei, and topsoil. During the deployment and development of vegetables, which showed biological cycle of approximately 90 days, a great interest of the student body and teaching was observed in furthering the teaching-learning about sustainability from the concrete reality of the construction of the organic garden within a small urban space.
Sob o panorama do uso da agricultura org?nica para o trabalho da interdisciplinaridade, e do cultivo de alimentos com sua grande import?ncia para a atividade agr?cola familiar (que proporcionam o sustento da maioria das fam?lias rurais). Sobretudo, sabendo-se que as hortas escolares possuem um papel fundamental, tanto do ponto de vista est?tico, pedag?gico, educativo tamb?m funciona como um espa?o de descoberta e aprendizagem direta de muitas mat?rias que s?o abordadas na sala de aula. Nessa perspectiva ? que surge uma horta org?nica no col?gio Agr?cola Dom Agostinho Ikas, com a participa??o de toda a comunidade escolar. Conformando assim, o estudo debru?ado na possibilidade de cultivo a uma horta vertical, como uma ferramenta did?tica, com os estudantes do Ensino M?dio e T?cnico da Rede Federal de Ensino. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos identificar o conceito da agricultura org?nica como conhecimento interdisciplinar para a educa??o ambiental, reunindo dados que demonstrem a relev?ncia do tema e possibilite ao trabalho da Educa??o Ambiental como elemento transdisciplinar na grade curricular dos cursos, discutindo a sustentabilidade a partir do desenvolvimento desta horta e resgatando esp?cies hort?colas oriundas no munic?pio de S?o Louren?o da Mata. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho foram utilizadas garrafas pets de 2 litros em forma de jardineiras suspensas (plantio verticalizado). O substrato utilizado foi humos de minhoca, Eisenia andrei,e terra vegetal. Durante a implanta??o e o desenvolvimento das hortali?as, que apresentaram ciclo biol?gico de aproximadamente 90 dias, foi observado um grande interesse do corpo discente e docente em aprofundar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem sobre sustentabilidade a partir da realidade concreta da constru??o da horta org?nica dentro de um pequeno espa?o urbano
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Flores, Jos? Claudio de Oliveira. „Avalia??o das vari?veis tecnol?gicas, ambientais e sociais nas unidades de produ??o dos agricultores org?nicos certificados pela ABIO, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/546.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-08Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The objective of this research was to diagnose organic production in Rio de Janeiro State, through the analysis of the annual visit reports produced by ABIO (certification agency of Rio de Janeiro state) certification agents from 1999 through 2002. The research covered 239 visit reports, from 156 organic growers located at various areas of Rio de Janeiro State. All variables contained on the reports were transferred to computer worksheets. They were then, classified into one of the three axes: technological, environmental or social. Each variable was then divided into items, which were scored, according to its conformity to the organic production rules. Basic statistics were applied to the individual variables which were discussed individually. Then, all scores were standardized by subtracting from the average and dividing by the standard deviation and submitted to an ordination by the three axes - technological, environmental and social. This ordination enabled a group diagnosis of the variables belonging to the three axes. A classification of the growers was then performed, by the sum of the scores for each axis for each year. Most variables contained on the report fitted on the technological axis. The majority of growers used techniques permitted by the legislation; however, no distinction seemed to be made between the recommended and the restricted practices by the growers, since they were used indistinguishably by growers with different profiles and from different regions. The heterogeneity verified among different growers, was in part, a result of the different degrees of conversion into the organic system. There was no relation between time of experience by the grower, with the level of adoption of recommended or restricted practices. The environmental axis also showed a very heterogeneous scenario, with no clear trend towards the location, time of experience, or degree of adoption of technologies. Market issues were the main cause of both, motivation of farmers to enter organic production as well as the main concern for the future of their properties.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de diagnosticar a produ??o org?nica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro por meio da an?lise dos relat?rios anuais de vistoria da ABIO (Associa??o dos Produtores Biol?gicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) referentes aos anos de 1999 a 2002. A pesquisa considertou 239 relat?rios de vistoria, pertencentes a 156 unidades de produ??o, situadas em diferentes locais do Estado do Rio. Todas as informa??es contidas no relat?rios de vistoria, foram transformadas em vari?veis e transferidas para planilhas. Elas foram ent?o alocadas em um dos tr?s eixos: tecnol?gico, ambiental ou social. Cada vari?vel foi subdividida em items, que eram quantificados de acordo com sua conformidade com as normas vigentes sobre produ??o org?nica no Estado. Estat?stica b?sica foi aplicada ? vari?veis, que foram discutidos individualmente. Ent?o, todos os valores atribu?dos ? diferentes vari?veis foram ent?o padronizados pela diferen?a entre a m?dia , dividida pelo desvio padr?o. Esses valores foram ent?o ordenados de acordo com os tr?s eixos tecnol?gico, ambiental e social. Essa ordena??o permitiu um diagn?stico em grupo das vari?veis. Uma classifica??o dos produtores foi feita por meio da soma dos valores padronizados, para cada ano. A maioria das vari?veis contidas nos relat?rios, encaixou-se no eixo tecnol?gico. A maioria dos produtores usou pr?ticas permitidas pela legisla??o, no entanto, n?o parece ter havido distin??o entre uso de pr?ticas recomendadas e o de pr?ticas permitidas, mas restritas. Essas foram usadas indiscriminadamente por produtores com diferentes perfis e tempos de ado??o de pr?ticas org?nicas. A heterogeneidade verificada entre os produtores foi, em parte, resultado dos diferentes graus de convers?o para o sistema org?nico. N?o houve rela??o entre tempo de experi?ncia do produtor com o n?vel de ado??o das pr?ticas restritas ou recomendadas. O eixo ambiental tamb?m mostrou um cen?rio muito diverso sem nenhuma tend?ncia aparente no que diz respeito ?s praticas usadas, localiza??o da propriedade, ou outra vari?vel qualquer. Os aspectos de mercado parecem ter sido a principal causa/motiva??o dos produtores para entrar na agricultura org?nica e parece ser tamb?m a principal causa de apreens?o dos produtores
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SILVA, Thadia Turon Costa da. „Qualidade de hortali?as org?nicas da agricultura familiar no contexto da alimenta??o escolar no munic?pio de Petr?polis“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2497.
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FAPERJ
PIBEX (Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Extens?o, da Pr?-Reitoria de Extens?o - PR5 da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the different dimensions of organic vegetables quality proceeding from Family Agriculture and supplied to the School Food Programme in Petropolis. The evaluation was done based on centesimal composition, antioxidant activity, microbiological characteristics and pesticide residue. The organic vegetables evaluated were carrot (DaucuscarotaL.), broccoli (Brassicaoleraceae, var. it?lica), kale (Brassicaoleraceae, var. acephala) and cabbage (Brassicaoleraceae, var. capitata). The analysis performed were moisture determination, mineral fixed residues, lipid content, total proteins, carbohydrate, soluble and insoluble fibers, total soluble solids, total acidity, pH, ascorbic acid and pesticide residue. The antioxidant activity was based on the separation of DPPH radical and total phenolic content. Microbiologic analyses were conducted regarding sanitary indicators for food which were compared to standard values from the Brazilian legislation. As a complement, a dietary risk evaluation was conducted using the Maximum Theoretical Daily Intake (IDTM) and the Estimated Daily Intake. This evaluation was done through the medium intake for 10 year-old children, maximum limits of pesticide residue (LMR) and pesticide residue values detected on conventional agriculture food items. The results obtained were compared with the security limits (IDA) according to the medium weight of the studied population. The effectiveness of the antioxidant capacity of the vegetables was obtained in a decreasing order: broccoli, kale, cabbage and carrot. Regarding the microbiologic parameter, the vegetables presented a satisfactory sanitary quality. No pesticide residues were found above detection limits for both authorized and non-authorized organic vegetables producers. The organic vegetables analyzed follow the standards for quality and security demanded by the Law 1197/2009 which prioritizes food for the school programme. Regarding the dietary risk evaluation, orange, apple, tomato, rice and beans were the food items which showed, for children, the highest chronic intake risk for presenting IDTM higher than IDA for the following pesticides: dicofol, dimethoate, methidathion, pirimiphos-methyl, tetraconazol and carbaryl. Key-words: organic food, vegetables, food security
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as diferentes dimens?es da qualidade de hortali?as org?nicas provenientes da agricultura familiar fornecidas ? alimenta??o escolar do munic?pio de Petr?polis, a partir da avalia??o da composi??o centesimal, atividade antioxidante, caracter?sticas microbiol?gicas e res?duos de agrot?xicos. Foram avaliadas cenouras (DaucuscarotaL.), br?colis (Brassicaoleraceae, var. it?lica), couves (Brassicaoleraceae, var. acephala) e repolhos (Brassicaoleraceae, var. capitata) org?nicas atrav?s da determina??o da umidade, res?duos minerais fixos (cinzas), teor de lip?dios, prote?nas totais, carboidratos, fibras sol?veis e insol?veis, s?lidos sol?veis totais, acidez total, pH, ?cido asc?rbico e res?duos de agrot?xicos. A atividade antioxidante foi baseada no sequestro do radical DPPH e teor de fen?licos totais. Foram realizadas an?lise microbiol?gicas referentes aos indicadores higi?nico-sanit?rios de alimentos e comparadas aos padr?es da legisla??o brasileira. Em complementa??o, foi realizado estudo de avalia??o do o risco cr?nico da ingest?o de pesticidas pela dieta utilizando a Ingest?o Di?ria Te?rica M?xima (IDTM) e a Estimativa de Ingest?o Di?ria (EDI) a partir dos limites m?ximos de res?duos estabelecidos pela legisla??o brasileira e dados de consumo alimentar de crian?as de 10 anos, e valores de res?duos de agrot?xicos detectados em alimentos da agricultura convencional. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os limites de seguran?a (Dose di?ria aceit?vel - IDA) em fun??o do peso m?dio da popula??o estudada. Dentre as hortali?as analisadas, a efetividade na capacidade antioxidante foi obtida, em ordem decrescente, pelos br?colis, couves, repolhos e cenouras. Sob o par?metro microbiol?gico, as hortali?as avaliadas apresentaram qualidade higi?nico-sanit?ria satisfat?ria. N?o foram encontrados res?duos de agrot?xicos acima do limite de detec??o, tanto para os autorizados como para aqueles n?o autorizados nas culturas org?nicas analisadas. As hortali?as org?nicas estudadas atendem ao padr?o de qualidade e seguran?a exigidos pela Lei n?11947/2009 devendo ser priorizadas para a alimenta??o escolar. Na avalia??o do risco cr?nico da ingest?o de pesticidas pela dieta a laranja, ma??, tomate, arroz e feij?o foram os alimentos que mais contribu?ram para a ingest?o. Os compostos que apresentaram maior risco foram dicofol, dimetoato, metidationa, pirimif?s met?lico, tetraconazol e carbaril por apresentarem a IDTM maior que a IDA. Palavras-chave: alimentos org?nicos, vegetais, seguran?a alimentar.
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Hobeika, Alexandre. „Les représentations de la FNSEA : profession, Etat, marchés (Orne, années 1980-2015)“. Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0106.
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La FNSEA, institution centrale du gouvernement de l'agriculture de l'après-guerre, représente les agriculteurs auprès de l'état, des marchés, des organisations professionnelles agricoles (opa). Cette thèse prend pour objet la fédération départementale de ce syndicat dans l'orne, département regroupant des productions importantes pour la PAC et pour la FNSEA (céréales, lait, viande) et lieu de forts mouvements syndicaux d'oppositions, dans le but d'éclairer les modalités de cette représentation. L’enquête s'appuie sur l'observation de l'activité du syndicat sur plusieurs années, des documents internes, combinées avec une ethnographie de son implantation locale dans deux cantons. L’analyse de l'activité de coadministration, de régulation du marché des terres et du marché du lait montre que le syndicat parvient à maintenir des configurations cogestionnaires auprès des institutions publiques, mais apparait vulnérable face à la libéralisation de marchés, en dépit de sa forte expertise et de son nombre de militants. Dans un contexte de baisse du taux d'adhésion, il tente de développer des services marchands, mais se heurte à la concurrence des autres OPA et à la résistance de son style fondé sur l'interconnaissance et les relations personnalisées. Système institutionne1 de production et de formation de cadres intermédiaires des organisations agricoles, sa capacité à attirer les élites agricoles diminue, à mesure que celles-ci s'orientent vers des systèmes de production à plus haute valeur ajoutée et se détachent des sociabilités agricoles. Ces agriculteurs forment up espace de groupes techniques et commerciaux, dont les syndicats d'opposants apparaissent comme une composanteFNSEA, the main farmers' union, is a central institution of the government regime of agriculture in postwar France. It represents them vis-à-vis the state, farm commodity markets, and agricultural organizations. In order to the changes in this regime since the 1980s, this study focuses on this union in the Orne departement, in which productions (cereals, milk, meat) are key for the cafe and for FNSEA, and where opposition unions are strong. It is based on the obervation of the activity of the union during several years, an analysis of its working documents, combined with an ethnography of its local roots within two local districts (cantons), and interviews with leaders, members and non-members of the union. We analyze the activities of co-administration, regulation of the farmland market and of the milk market. We show that the union manages to maintain comanagement tools with public institutions, but appears vulnerable to the liberalization of commodity markets in spite of its strong expertise and its large number of members. In order to tackle the decrease in the membership rate, it tries to develop its offer of commercial services, but is limited by strong competition from other agricultural organizations and by its style based on personalized relationships. It produces and trains administrators for the institutions of agriculture, but fails to attract today's elite farmers. These are more interested in systems of production with high added value
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ANTONIO, Gerson Jos? Yunes. „Constitui??o de tecnologias sociais a partir de processo de desenvolvimento territorial end?geno: a experi?ncia de a??es participativas junto a sistemas de produ??o familiares em ambientes de montanha em Nova Friburgo (RJ)“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1911.
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This dissertation analyzed strategy of endogenous territorial development - ETD for the establishment of social technology as from process at participatory construction of agroecological knowledge at the hills enviroment in the mountain region of Rio de Janeiro and, demonstrated competitive advantages, local potential and challenges after climate tragedy of January 2011. The study characterized and evaluated potential methodological used or with potential, as well as identify determinants for the adoption of agroecological practices in their production systems, especially regarding the use of cover crop. It were considered, in proposing strategies to expand the adoption of agroecological practices, the 3rd section' microcatchments in Nova Friburgo district. It were used secondary data, literature review, semi structured interviews with actors involved processes in the study area and focus groups with key people in order to observe social behavior, where it became clear the need to improve the efforts of institutions and adaptation to time and the wishes of farmers, with exemplification of the economic gains from the agroecological transition. The way to expand the role and conscious participation in social capital formation will inevitably require organizational, structural and training activities.
A presente disserta??o analisa estrat?gia de desenvolvimento territorial end?geno - DTE para a constitui??o de tecnologia social a partir de processo de constru??o participativa de conhecimentos agroecol?gicos nos ambientes de montanha da Regi?o Serrana Fluminense. S?o evidenciadas vantagens competitivas, potencialidades locais e desafios, ap?s trag?dia clim?tica que acometeu a regi?o em janeiro de 2011. A partir da caracteriza??o e avalia??o das propostas metodol?gicas utilizadas ou com potencial, s?o apresentados determinantes para a ado??o de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas nos sistemas de produ??o, em especial quanto ao uso de plantas de cobertura. Foram consideradas, na proposi??o de estrat?gias para a amplia??o da ado??o de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas, as microbacias do 3? distrito do munic?pio de Nova Friburgo. Utilizou-se dados secund?rios, revis?o bibliogr?fica, entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores participantes dos processos na ?rea de estudo e grupo focal com pessoas-chave, com objetivo de observar o comportamento social. ? evidenciada a necessidade de aprimoramento dos esfor?os das institui??es e adequa??o ao tempo e aos anseios dos agricultores, com exemplifica??o dos ganhos econ?micos decorrentes da transi??o agroecol?gica. O caminho para ampliar o protagonismo e a participa??o consciente com forma??o de capital social passa necessariamente por a??es organizativas, estruturais e formativas.
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Oliveira, Katherine de Sousa Costa. „Seguran?a alimentar e nutricional dos agricultores familiares da associa??o dos produtores e produtoras org?nicas de Cear? Mirim/RN“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19856.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
A proposta desta pesquisa est? apoiada na defini??o de Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) estabelecida pela II Confer?ncia Nacional de SAN. Tomando como refer?ncia este conceito, o instrumento de pesquisa buscou analisar as estrat?gias e a??es relacionadas ? SAN, desenvolvidas pelos membros da Associa??o dos Produtores e Produtoras Org?nicas de Cear? Mirim, localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a partir dos aspectos relacionados ? alimenta??o das fam?lias, bem como, suas formas de acesso, quantidade e cultura alimentar. Visando responder as seguintes perguntas: as fam?lias benefici?rias da Associa??o dos Produtores e Produtoras Org?nicas de Cear? Mirim possuem estrat?gias que garantam sua SAN? Se sim, essas estrat?gias originam-se de pol?ticas p?blicas ou de a??es pr?prias? Essas estrat?gias incidem sobre a renda das fam?lias? Nos gastos com alimentos e acesso ? alimenta??o adequada? Como essas estrat?gias se articulam entre si e quais redes sociais elas formam? Na pesquisa, tamb?m foram abordados questionamentos que contemplaram a abertura de mercados pela declara??o como Organismos de Controle Social (OCS), agrega??o de valor, participa??o em feiras agroecol?gicas, buscando identificar e caracterizar se essas estrat?gias contribuem para a Seguran?a Alimentar e Nutricional destas fam?lias. Os dados aqui analisados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas nos locais de produ??o de cada produtor e partem de uma abordagem qualitativa. Foram aplicados 21 question?rios aos agricultores familiares em sete projetos de assentamentos de Reforma Agr?ria: (Carlos Marighella, Nova Esperan?a II, Alian?a, Marcoalhado I, Santa ?gueda, Santa Luzia e Uni?o). A partir do estudo, concluiu-se que a maior parte das estrat?gias de SAN identificadas, resultaram do encadeamento de diferentes pol?ticas p?blicas que potencializaram as estrat?gias existentes e criaram novas, como no caso da produ??o org?nica que constitui a motiva??o principal, inclusive para a organiza??o do grupo pesquisado. Estas estrat?gias trouxeram melhorias na alimenta??o, provocaram mudan?as em seus h?bitos alimentares, em especial, na diversifica??o da produ??o de autoconsumo. Isto por sua vez, tem garantido maior autonomia alimentar e ampliado os canais de comercializa??o, seja por meio de feiras ou dos mercados institucionais. Verificou-se, tamb?m, que as rela??es de reciprocidade se ampliaram ap?s a produ??o org?nica e que estas s?o imprescind?veis na garantia de alimentos em momentos de dificuldades, al?m de contribu?rem para fomentar a pr?pria produ??o org?nica, atrav?s das trocas de insumos.
The proposition of this research is supported by the definition of Food Safety and Nutrition (FSN), established by the II FSN National Conference. Taking this concept as reference, the research instrument aimed to analyze strategies and actions related to FSN, developed by members of Cear? Mirim Organic Producers Association, located in Rio Grande do Norte state (Brazil), from aspects related to family feeding, as well as means of access, quantity and food culture. It was aimed to answer the following questions: Do the families benefited from Cear? Mirim Organic Producers Association have strategies that assure their FSN? If so, do these strategies originate from public policies or own actions? Do these strategies focus on family revenue? In expenses with food and proper feeding? How do these strategies articulate together and which social networks do they form? In this research, there were also approached questionings which comprise market opening through the declaration of the products as Organization of Social Control (OSC), aggregate value and participation in agroecological fairs, aiming to identify and characterize if these strategies contribute for Food Safety and Nutrition of these families. The data here analyzed were obtained from semi-structured interviews, conducted in the production sites of each farmer, and have a qualitative approach. 21 questionnaires were applied to the family farmers, in seven projects of agrarian reform settlements (Carlos Marighella, Nova Esperan?a II, Alian?a, Marcoalhado I, Santa ?gueda, Santa Luzia and Uni?o). From this study, it was concluded that most of FSN strategies result from a series of distinct public policies, which potentiate the existing strategies and create new ones, such as in the case of organic production, which is the main motivation, even for the organization of the studied group. These strategies brought improvements in feeding and caused changes in eating habits, especially in the diversification of production for own consumption. This, on the other hand, is assuring greater food autonomy and increasing marketing channels, through fairs or institutional markets. It was also verified that reciprocity relations increased after the organic production, and they are indispensable to assure food in difficult times, also contributing to incentive organic production itself, through supplies exchange.
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West, Lu?s Gustavo Macedo. „Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (helianthus annuus l.)“. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2018. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/659.
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Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:59:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annus L.).pdf: 2283233 bytes, checksum: 421fa4a09cacb2392028081a3186d138 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-15
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Agricultural reutilization is an important tool in water demand reduction required by irrigation. The lack of proper management on irrigation generates large environmental degradation, mainly to water resources, therefore it?s indispensable the reduction of these impacts. The use of domestic wastewater in agricultural crops may support the search for alternative water sources to supply the irrigation demand even as provide essential nutrients to the crops, and also reducing the impact of the chemical fertilizers application. This dissertation aims to evaluate the use of treated domestic wastewater on sunflower irrigation (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivate ?Garden Gnome?, using treatments by sand strainer (SS), organic filter (OF), septic tank (ST) and well water (WW) applied in different levels (50, 75, 100, and 125% of evapotranspiration of daily crop). The experiment was conducted with buckets of 20 L with one plant per bucket in experimental design of 4 by 4 with 5 parcels, adding up to 80 experimental units. Physicochemical analyses on the soil were realized after application, and in the wastewater, additionally, microbiologic analyses were realized during the experiment. With the plants were realized biometric analyses: stem diameter, plant height, leaves number and phytomasses: dry and fresh phytomass from the aerial part, from the pseudostem, and from the roots. It can be conclude that the use of different irrigation sources didn?t produced significant effect in biometric evaluation and of sunflower phytomass, being possible the use of all the studied sources, without losses to the plant development. The sand filtration provided considerable efficiency, being a simple and cheap solution to the domestic wastewater treatment
O re?so agr?cola ? uma importante ferramenta na redu??o da demanda h?drica requerida pela irriga??o. A falta de manejo adequado na irriga??o provoca grande degrada??o ambiental, principalmente aos recursos h?dricos, sendo assim, se torna imprescind?vel a redu??o desses impactos. A utiliza??o de efluentes dom?sticos em cultivos agr?colas pode favorecer a busca por fontes alternativas de ?gua para suprimento das demandas de irriga??o assim como fornecer nutrientes essenciais aos cultivos, reduzindo o impacto tamb?m na aplica??o de fertilizantes qu?micos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de efluentes dom?sticos tratados na irriga??o do girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivar An?o de Jardim, utilizando tratamentos por filtro de areia, filtro org?nico, fossa s?ptica, e ?gua de po?o em diferentes l?minas de irriga??o aplicadas (50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspira??o da cultura di?ria). O experimento foi conduzido em baldes de 20 L com uma planta por balde em delineamento experimental 4x4 com 5 parcelas, totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico-qu?micas no solo ap?s aplica??o e nos efluentes adicionalmente, foram realizadas an?lises microbiol?gicas durante o experimento. Nas plantas foram realizadasan?lises biom?tricas: di?metro do caule, altura da planta e n?mero de folhas e de fitomassas: fitomassas fresca e seca da parte a?rea, do cap?tulo e da raiz. Pode-se concluir que a utiliza??o de diferentes fontes de irriga??o n?o produziu efeito significativo nas avalia??es biom?tricas e de fitomassa do girassol, sendo poss?vel a utiliza??o de todas as fontes estudadas sem preju?zo ao desenvolvimento da planta. A filtra??o de areia proporcionou efici?ncia consider?vel, sendo uma solu??o simples e barata para o tratamento de efluentes dom?sticos
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GUIMARAES, Lucas Silva Ferreira. „An?lise cr?tica de processos de certifica??o por auditoria em organismo P?blico de avalia??o da conformidade org?nica do Estado de Minas Gerais“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1877.
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This study aimed to critically analyze processes of certification of organic agriculture in Brazil, focusing on the state of Minas Gerais, more specifically on the public certification by the Office of Conformity Assessment IMA and its customers (organic producers who applied for organic certification and subsequent registration in the Ministry of Agriculture). In doing so, it aimed to identify risks, deal with major non-conformities and contribute to improving the correction of non-conformities, the mechanisms of conformity assessment and the SISORG (Brazilian System of Organic Conformity Assessment). The analyses were based on customers? certification processes (documents) and their organic conformity assessment, audit certification requests and customers? opinion as articulated in their responses to a questionnaire. The process analysis pointed to non-conformities in 7 out of the 8 conformity sections, while the request analysis pointed to non-conformities and inconsistencies in all sections, with enforcement of 20%. In both analyses of the Office, the highest incidence of non-conformities related to document Organic Management Plan Booklet. Similarly, customers assessed that the Management Plan Booklet provided by the Ministry of Agriculture is flawed as to the requirements of current legislation. Customers also assessed that the bottlenecks for organic production are related to the construction and structuring of the Brazilian organic agriculture. In conclusion, the Organic Management Plan Booklet does not meet the legislation; the SISORG-oriented organic production requires skilled labor; and the requirements set forth in the regulations for organic agriculture do not have the same dynamics as in the productive practice.
O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar criticamente processos de certifica??o da agricultura org?nica no Brasil, com foco no estado de Minas Gerais, mais especificamente na certificadora p?blica, o Organismo de Avalia??o da Conformidade Instituto Mineiro de Agropecu?ria ? IMA e em seus clientes (produtores org?nicos que solicitaram a certifica??o org?nica e posteriormente cadastrados no MAPA) no intuito de identificar os riscos e tratar as principais n?o conformidades e contribuir para a melhoria da corre??o das n?o conformidades, e dos mecanismos de avalia??es da conformidade e do SISORG. As an?lises se basearam nos processos de certifica??o (documentos) dos clientes e suas avalia??es da conformidade org?nica, na documenta??o de requisi??o ao processo de certifica??o por auditoria e na an?lise pela ?tica do cliente, por question?rio, destas mesmas fases do processo de avalia??o da conformidade org?nica pela Certifica??o por auditoria. A an?lise dos processos apresentou n?o conformidades em 7 das 8 sess?es de verifica??o, a an?lise da documenta??o de requisi??o ao processo de certifica??o apresentou n?o conformidades, inconsist?ncias em todas as sess?es de verifica??o, com efetiva??o dos processos de apenas 20%. Em ambas as an?lises pelo OAC, a maior incid?ncia de n?o conformidades se relacionam ao documento Caderno de Plano de Manejo Org?nico. Da mesma forma na avalia??o pelos clientes, estes apontam que o Caderno de Plano de Manejo disposto pelo Minist?rio da Agricultura ? falho quanto ?s exig?ncias da legisla??o vigente. A an?lise pelo cliente dos gargalos para a produ??o org?nica, relacionam principalmente com a constru??o e estrutura??o da agricultura org?nica brasileira. Diante dos dados obtidos, ? poss?vel concluir que a publica??o caderno plano de manejo disposto pelo Minist?rio da Agricultura, n?o atende a legisla??o a que se relaciona; a produ??o org?nica de acordo com as normas do SISORG demandam m?o de obra especializada; e as exig?ncias dispostas nos normativos da agricultura org?nica n?o t?m a mesma din?mica da pr?tica produtiva.
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SALMI, Alexandre Porto. „Utiliza??o de Flemingia macrophylla como adubo verde na produ??o org?nica de hortali?as em sistema de al?ias“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1600.
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CAPES
The recent increased pressure on natural resources, especially soil and vegetation cover, calls for locally based food production systems. The dependence on external inputs and non-renewable natural resources is then diminished. The practices used in alternative agricultural systems pursue the harmonious combination of all available resources such as nutrient cycling and maximal use of in situ generated inputs. Among various practices available, green manuring, which is defined by the use of legumes or other plant species in rotation or intercropped, deserves attention. Such plants may be incorporated into the soil or mowed and kept on the soil surface, providing improvement on the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soils. Hence, the objective of this research was to use the legume Flemingia macrophylla under an alley cropping system to grow lettuce, chicory and arugula. The experiments dealt with various agronomic aspects of flemingia to facilitate its inclusion on the crop system proposed. First, the evaluation of flemingia regrowth capacity was studied after cutting at different heights from ground level (0.0 m; 0.3 m; 0.6 m; 1.2 m). The treatments were imposed on one year old plants. This trial lasted for two years, enough time to accomplish eight cuttings. Dry matter and nitrogen content of the shoots of flemingia, as well as biometric variables such as height, stem diameter, and number of branches were determined. The highest cutting height (1.2 m) maximized biomass production, at all cutting dates. This same trend was observed for nitrogen accumulation. Decomposition dynamics and nutrient release from the shoots of flemingia were also studied along with the composition of invertebrates present during the process. Litter bags containing three different flemingia parts were used: leaves, stems and stems + leaves. Bags were set in the field and collected over time to determine moisture and levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Invertebrate composition was determined by placing plant biomass in Berlese funnels installed in a closet set with lamps placed above, collected in jars located below the funnels and sorted under stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, an alley cropping system was designed to test the production of lettuce, chicory and arugula. The system consisted of a control without flemingia, rows of flemingia cut at 1.2 m followed by mowing and rows of flemingia with no cutting. Nitrogen transfer from flemingia to the vegetables was estimated by isotopic dilution technique of 15. The incidence of spontaneous plants was also assessed. Contribution of N from flelmingia to the vegetables was verified. Generally, yield components in vegetables were superior on the control plots. Cutting flemingia at 1.2 m and deposing its biomass was better for vegetable yields than not cutting flemingia. This trend reflects the limitation of light incidence on the canopy of vegetables. Flemingia formed excellent mulch, which prevented the emergence of unwanted plants on the vegetable crops. The following year, the experiment was repeated at the same area, but replacing the cutting at 1.2 m to 0.6 m, so allowing more light into the canopy. Such adjustment resulted in gains in vegetable production. The data shows that the Flemingia macrophylla as a promising green manure to be included in vegetable organic systems.
Atualmente, devido ao aumento da press?o sobre os recursos naturais, sobretudo o solo e sua cobertura vegetal, o desafio ? produ??o de alimentos ? a busca por sistemas de produ??o agr?cola adaptados localmente, de tal forma que a depend?ncia de insumos externos e de recursos naturais n?o-renov?veis seja m?nima. As t?cnicas utilizadas em agricultura alternativa buscam mobilizar harmoniosamente todos os recursos dispon?veis na unidade de produ??o, com base na ciclagem de nutrientes e maximiza??o do uso de insumos gerados in loco. Dentre as diversas pr?ticas, merece destaque a aduba??o verde, que consiste na utiliza??o de plantas em rota??o ou cons?rcio com as culturas de interesse econ?mico. Tais plantas podem ser incorporadas ao solo ou ro?adas e mantidas na superf?cie, proporcionando, em geral, uma melhoria das caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas e biol?gicas do solo. Nessa ?tica ? que se pensou em utilizar a esp?cie Flemingia macrophylla em sistema de cultivo em al?ias consorciadas com hortali?as, neste caso alface, chic?ria e r?cula. Foram avaliados v?rios aspectos agron?micos da esp?cie, a fim de, possibilitar a adequa??o de seu manejo fitot?cnico ao ser consorciada com essas culturas. Para tanto uma das a??es experimentais realizadas foi ? avalia??o da capacidade da rebrota de flemingia, por meio da implanta??o de diferentes alturas de corte (0,0 m; 0,3 m; 0,6 m; 1,2 m do n?vel do solo). Os tratamentos foram impostos em plantas que se encontravam com um ano de desenvolvimento no campo. O tempo de avalia??o foi de dois anos, possibilitando realiza??o de oito cortes, onde quantificou-se a mat?ria seca e os teores de nitrog?nio da parte a?rea de flemingia e par?metros biom?tricos como altura, di?metro do caule e n?mero de ramifica??es. O corte mais alto favoreceu a produ??o de biomassa, que reduziu ? medida que altura de corte diminuiu, para todas as ?pocas de corte. Essa mesma tend?ncia foi observada para acumula??o de nitrog?nio na parte a?rea da rebrota. Outra a??o experimental realizada foi ? avalia??o da din?mica de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da parte a?rea de flemingia, associada ? atividade da fauna ed?fica. Para essa quantifica??o, utilizou-se bolsas litter bags contendo, os tr?s diferentes tratamentos adotados: folha, caule e caule+folha. Tais bolsas foram inseridas no campo simultaneamente e, ao longo do tempo foram retiradas para pesagem e, ap?s secas e mo?das, encaminhadas para avalia??o dos teores dos nutrientes N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Por meio de Funis de Berleese instalados em um arm?rio com l?mpadas dispostas acima dos mesmos, coletaram-se em frascos localizados abaixo dos funis, os invertebrados que colonizavam o material remanescente que, posteriormente foi triado no Laborat?rio de Fauna do Solo da Embrapa Agrobiologia. Observou-se uma correla??o positiva entre a presen?a desses animais na biomassa remanescente e o processo de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da parte a?rea de flemingia. A a??o experimental que utiliza flemingia em um sistema de cultivo em al?ias foi realizada na ?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica do KM 47? no ano de 2010, onde al?ias constitu?das por flemingia pr?-estabelecidas foram consorciadas com alface, chic?ria e r?cula. Aplicaram-se diferentes tratamentos nas al?ias de flemingia, a saber: testemunha (aus?ncia de al?ias); corte a 1,2 m com deposi??o da palhada sobre os canteiros; aus?ncia de corte (?3,5 m de altura) e avaliou-se par?metros de produ??o como di?metro, mat?ria fresca, mat?ria seca e n?mero de folhas. Neste mesmo experimento avaliou-se a transfer?ncia de nitrog?nio da palhada de flemingia para as hortali?as por meio da t?cnica da dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Avaliou-se a incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas para os diferentes tratamentos adotados. A contribui??o da palhada de flemingia na nutri??o nitrogenada das hortali?as foi observada desde o plantio at? a colheita e complementa as necessidades nutricionais das hortali?as avaliadas. Em rela??o aos par?metros de produ??o, observou-se que na testemunha foram superiores aos demais tratamentos, sendo seguido do corte a 1,2 m com deposi??o da palhada sobre os canteiros e posteriormente pela aus?ncia de corte. Esse comportamento reflete a limita??o da incid?ncia luminosa sobre o dossel das hortali?as, sendo que ? medida que se sombreou mais o dossel, os par?metros de produ??o foram reduzidos. A palhada de flemingia forma uma excelente cobertura morta, o que evita o surgimento de plantas indesejadas nos canteiros cultivados com hortali?as. Desta forma, no ano de 2011 novamente foi realizado o cultivo em al?ias de flemingia, por?m, substituiu-se o tratamento com corte 1,2 m nas faixas para um corte mais baixo, correspondente a 0,6 m de altura, possibilitando maior entrada de luz no dossel das hortali?as. Tal adequa??o no manejo fitot?cnico, resultou em ganhos nos par?metros de produ??o, e em alguns casos onde n?o houve aduba??o de cobertura o corte a 0,6 m de altura superou o tratamento testemunha. Os dados do presente trabalho demonstram que a esp?cie Flemingia macrophylla mostra-se como uma excelente alternativa de adubo verde para ser inclu?da em sistema org?nico de cultivo em al?ias na produ??o de hortali?as.
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OLIVEIRA, Felipe Latini. „Cultivo do quiabeiro sob manejo org?nico no per?odo de outono-inverno, nas condi??es edafoclim?ticas da baixada fluminense“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2049.
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This work aimed to study an organic production system of okra, grown during autumn-winter period, at the conditions of Fluminense Lowland. It was evaluated the effect of leaf spraying with liquid biofertilizer, obtained by fermented compost extract, and of dressing organic fertilization, in order to increase income for farmers of the region. The treatment were: okra (cv. Santa Cruz 47) sprayed or not with liquid biofertilizer, subjected to two doses of organic fertilization with castor cake (equivalent to 100 and 200 Kg of N-total ha-l), which were applied monthly or bimonthly, and started at 30 days after sowing. Okra was sown at double rows, with a spacing of 0.80 m inside the double row and 1.60 m between the double rows. Fruits were harvested with the size of 10 to 14 cm, according to the preference of national market. There were evaluated weight and number of produced fruits, as well as the yield estimated by the results of dry weight of fruits. Cv. Santa Cruz 47 is adapted to organic management, with mean yield of 16 Mg.ha-1. There were not detected significant differences among the evaluated treatments. This result indicates that the utilization of biofertilizer and the dressing fertilization applied monthly, in relation to bimonthly application, did not promote benefits to okra, according to the evaluated parameters. Considering edaphoclimatic conditions, the organic cultivation of okra in the autumn-winter period is viable, showing possibility to increase the income for farmers of the region.
Com objetivo de obter resultados que proporcionem alternativas vi?veis de incremento na renda dos agricultores, o presente trabalho estudou um sistema de produ??o org?nica do quiabeiro, cultivado nas esta??es de outono-inverno nas condi??es da Baixada Fluminense, avaliando-se o efeito da pulveriza??o foliar com biofertilizante l?quido, obtido a base de extrato de composto fermentado, e da aduba??o org?nica de cobertura, de forma a possibilitar uma oportunidade de renda aos agricultores da regi?o. Os tratamentos consistiram de: quiabeiro (cv. Santa Cruz 47) pulverizado ou n?o com biofertilizante l?quido, e submetidos a duas doses de aduba??o org?nica, com torta de mamona, (equivalentes a 100 e 200 Kg de N-tota.ha-l) com aplica??o mensal e bimensal, iniciada ap?s 30 dias da semeadura. A cultura foi disposta em fileiras duplas, adotando-se um espa?amento de 0,80 m dentro da fileira dupla e de 1,60 m entre as fileiras duplas. Os frutos foram colhidos ao atingirem a faixa de 10 a 14 cm, padr?o preconizado por mercados exigentes em ?mbito nacional. Foram considerados, nas avalia??es, par?metros de produtividade, como o peso e o n?mero de frutos produzidos, sendo a produtividade estimada a partir dos resultados de peso seco dos frutos.. A Cultivar Santa Cruz 47 mostrou-se adaptada ao manejo org?nico, com produtividade m?dia pr?xima de 16 Mg.ha-1. N?o foram detectadas diferen?as devido aos tratamentos avaliados. Desse modo, a utiliza??o do biofertilizante n?o surtiu qualquer efeito ben?fico ? cultura, tendo em vista as vari?veis quantificadas, assim como a aduba??o mensal em cobertura da torta de mamona, n?o acarretou benef?cio superior ao obtido com a aplica??o bimensal. Considerando as condi??es edafoclim?ticas, o cultivo org?nico do quiabeiro no per?odo de outono inverno mostrou-se vi?vel, o que evidencia possibilidades de gera??o de renda para os agricultores da regi?o.
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Silva, Mara Alexandre da. „Influ?ncia da densidade de semeadura do feijoeiro comum na incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas em sistema org?nico de produ??o“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2056.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Organic production is an alternative for family farmers where practices to reduce costs and to preserve natural resources can add value to the product and improve quality of life. The weeds can cause losses in crops, by reduction of income, increase in pests and diseases, non uniformity in maturity and difficulties for harvesting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) at different sowing densities regarding the incidence of weeds in organic production system. Two field experiments were conducted in the Agroecological Production Integrated System of 47 km in Serop?dica-RJ, in the years 2013 and 2014, in a randomized block design with four replications. In 2013 a 4x3 factorial was used, combining four cultivars (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante and Apor?) and three densities (8, 13 and 18 plants m-1 linear). In 2014 a 2x3 factorial was used, between two cultivars (Manteig?o and Ouro Negro) and three treatments (13 plants m-1 with manual cleaning of weeds, 13 and 18 plants m-1 without cleaning). To obtain the desired plant population, 50% more seeds were sown in each treatment and plants were thinned 15 days after. Sampling was carried out at the flowering stage to assess biomass and nodulation of bean and biomass of weeds, and at physiological maturity to evaluate grain yield. In 2013, the largest shoot and root dry mass and number of nodules per plant occurred in the density of 8 plant m-1. Increased planting density reduced the number of pods per plant, with no effect of density on grain yield. The lower biomass of weeds was observed at densities of 13 and 18 plant m-1, and also for cutivars Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. In 2014, treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning showed greater dry mass of shoots and roots per plant. At flowering, treatment with 13 plants m-1 showed higher dry matter and number of weeds. The cultivar Ouro Negro showed higher grain yield at density of 13 plants m-1 with cleaning, followed by 18 plants m-1, with no differences between treatments for cultivar Manteig?o. The treatment with 18 plants m-1 showed lower mass of weeds at bean flowering, similar to the treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning. Plots with cultivar Manteig?o had the highest dry matter of weeds in the three density treatments. Grain yield did not differ significantly among cultivars, ranging in 2013 from 1310 kg ha-1 for Apor? and 1409 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o, and in 2014 of 1298 and 1419 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. It is concluded that increasing plant density reduced the incidence of weeds and did not affect grain yield. It was also carried out a field trial in 2013 in family agricultural establishment in the city of Teresopolis-RJ, in order to encourage the cultivation of special beans and to experience economic and social strategies of reproduction. The experiment had a 4x2 factorial with four replications, using four cultivars (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two treatments (with and without commercial inoculant with rhizobia). Grain yield of the four cultivars did not differ between the treatments in the absence and presence of seed inoculation with rhizobia
A produ??o org?nica constitui uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar, onde pr?ticas para diminuir os custos de produ??o e preserva??o dos recursos naturais agregariam valor ao produto e qualidade de vida. As plantas espont?neas podem causar perdas em cultivos, pela redu??o do rendimento, aumento de pragas e doen?as, desuniformidade na matura??o e dificuldades na colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) em diferentes densidades de semeadura, com rela??o ? incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas em sistema org?nico de produ??o. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica do km 47, em Serop?dica-RJ, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. Em 2013 foi utilizado esquema fatorial 4x3, combinando quatro cultivares (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante e Apor?) e tr?s densidades (8, 13 e 18 plantas m-1 linear) e em 2014 utilizou-se esquema fatorial 2x3, entre duas cultivares (Manteig?o e Ouro Negro) e tr?s tratamentos (densidade de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza manual de plantas espont?neas, densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1 sem limpeza). Para obten??o da popula??o desejada, foram semeadas 50% mais sementes em cada tratamento, e 15 dias ap?s realizou-se desbaste. Foram efetuadas amostragens no est?dio de flora??o para avalia??o de biomassa e nodula??o do feijoeiro e da biomassa de plantas espont?neas, e na matura??o fisiol?gica para avalia??o do rendimento. Em 2013, a maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz e n?mero de n?dulos por planta ocorreu na densidade de 8 plantas m-1. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o n?mero de vagens por planta, sem efeito da densidade na produtividade de gr?os. A menor massa de plantas espont?neas foi observada nas densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1, e com as cultivares Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Em 2014, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza apresentou maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz por planta. Na flora??o, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 sem limpeza apresentou maior massa seca e n?mero de espont?neas. A cultivar Ouro Negro apresentou maior produ??o de gr?os no tratamento de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza, seguida por 18 plantas m-1, sem diferen?as entre tratamentos na cultivar Manteig?o. O tratamento com 18 plantas m-1 apresentou menor massa de espont?neas na flora??o do feijoeiro, similar a 13 plantas m- 1 com limpeza. A cultivar Manteig?o apresentou maior massa de espont?neas nos tr?s tratamentos. A produ??o de gr?os n?o diferiu significativamente entre as cultivares, variando em 2013 entre 1310 kg ha-1 para Apor? e 1409 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o, e em 2014 com 1298 e 1419 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu a incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas e n?o afetou a produtividade de gr?os do feijoeiro. Foi tamb?m conduzido um experimento de campo em 2013 em estabelecimento agr?cola familiar no munic?pio de Teres?polis-RJ, com o objetivo de incentivar o cultivo de feij?es especiais e vivenciar estrat?gias de reprodu??o econ?mica e social. O experimento tinha esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro repeti??es, entre quatro cultivares (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante e Valente) e dois tratamentos (com e sem uso de inoculante comercial de riz?bio). A produ??o de gr?os das quatro cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos na aus?ncia e na presen?a de inocula??o de sementes com riz?bio.
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OLIVEIRA, JUNIOR Angelo Gomes de. „Utiliza??o de acionador simplificado de baixo custo para manejo de irriga??o de mudas de Aroeira - Pimenteira (Schinus terebinthifolius)“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1874.
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The aim of this research was study the use of simplified irrigation controller (SIC) in 4 tensions values to determine the best tension for the development of seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius in protected environment. The treatments were: T 1 = 4 kPa of tension, T 2 = 6 kPa of tension, T 3 = 8 kPa of tension and T 4 = 10 kPa of tension. The seedlings were grown in plastic bags with 3534 cm3 of a volume. The parameters evaluated were diameter at breast height (D), height (H), relation H / D, dried mass weight of roots (DMWR), dried mass of aerial part (DMAP), Dickson quality index (DQI), water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll content (IFC). The evaluations were performed every two weeks, from 30 days after transplanting up to 105 days. The results indicated that the 6 kPa of tension consists in optimum operating value for the system proposed in terms of experimental conditions studied because it represents the best growth ratio by volume of water used for irrigation. In this treatment the average results per plant were: D= 5.61 mm; H= 33.20 cm; H / D= 5.97; DMAP= 4.78 g; DMWR= 2.44 g; DQI= 0.91; WUE= 1.53 and IFC= 56.55. It's not recommended the production of seedlings of Schinus terebinthifolius using 10 kPa of tension because there was a high mortality.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utiliza??o do acionador simplificado de irriga??o (ASI) em 4 (quatro) diferentes tens?es de ?gua no substrato para determinar a melhor tens?o para o desenvolvimento das mudas de Aroeira-Pimenteira (Schinus terebinthifolius) em ambiente protegido. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: T 1 = Tens?o de 4 kPa, T 2 = Tens?o de 6 kPa, T 3 = Tens?o de 8 kPa e T 4= Tens?o de 10 kPa. As mudas foram produzidas em sacos pl?sticos com volume de 3.534 cm3. Os par?metros avaliados foram di?metro de colo (D), altura (H), rela??o altura por di?metro de colo (H/D), fitomassa seca das ra?zes (MSR), fitomassa seca parte a?rea (MSPA), ?ndice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD), efici?ncia de uso de ?gua (EUA) e clorofila total (IFC). As avalia??es foram realizadas quinzenalmente, a partir dos 30 dias ap?s o transplante at? os 105 dias. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a tens?o de 6 kPa compreende a tens?o ?tima de opera??o para o sistema proposto diante das condi??es experimentais estudadas e isso deve-se a melhor rela??o crescimento por volume de ?gua utilizado na irriga??o. Neste tratamento os resultados m?dios por planta foram: D= 5,61 mm; H= 33,20 cm; H/D= 5,97; MSPA= 4,78 g, MSR= 2,44 g; IQD= 0,91; EUA= 1,53 g L-1 e IFC= 56,55. N?o se recomenda a produ??o de mudas de aroeira utilizando uma tens?o de 10 kPa pois houve uma alta taxa de mortalidade das mudas.
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FERREIRA, Liliane de Souza. „Potencial de esp?cies locais na diversifica??o dos agroecossistemas, como culturas de cobertura, no manejo de plantas espont?neas“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2087.
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The management of weeds is complex and comprises a major component of the production cost of most cultures. Growing cover crops is one of the forms of management to reduce weeds competing. Agrobiodiversity, including the biota and the surrounding properties, constituting a cultural and natural capital able to provide ecosystem services. In this context, we developed a study to investigate the potential of wild species Crotalaria incana (rattlesnake rattle or Xique-Xique) and Diodia saponariifolia (Poaia the swamp), which occur in a nearby landscape the Atlantic Forest fragments in the River Basin region Guapi-Macacu-RJ, as part of sustainable agro-ecosystems, constituting strategy to reduce the use of herbicides and enhancing local biodiversity. This potential was assessed in C. incana through phenological studies of plant height, crown diameter, number of branches, presence of inflorescence and number of pods along the cycle and at different times, October, January, February and March. Also evaluated in its interaction with the climate and planting dates. It was found that the planting October C. incana had the longest growing season, low seed production. In the planting in February, the performance of C. incana was good in both parameters; while planting in March, C. incana demonstrated lower performance for mass production and seeds. Preliminary assessments of total biomass and macronutrients, indicate the potential of C. incana as a cover crop that needs to be better investigated. As for D. saponariifolia, a creeping species characterized as macrophyte, evaluations were made of soil coverage percentage after its introduction, compared to the most frequently dominant families in the system, Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Subsequently evaluated the seed bank behavior in this same area after being introduced (experimental area), compared to natural area, which was already established spontaneously. We observed a cooling populations of Poaceae and Cyperaceae after the introduction D. saponariifolia. The spontaneous seed bank revealed a reduction in the expression of these families, important competitors in the system. Possible allelopathic effect of D. saponariifolia in suppressing spontaneous, was evaluated by bioassay with the soil of the natural area where D. saponariifolia prevails spontaneously. In this ground sesame seeds were germinated Sesame indicu L. () in 15-cell trays 3 treatments (T1, T2, T3). T1, activated carbon was added to neutralize allelopathic effects harmful to the development of seedlings. T2, do not add anything. In T3 (control) used a soil adjacent area without the presence of individuals D. saponariifolia. There was no significant difference in the development of seedlings in 3 treatments, indicating no evidence of allelopathic effects of D. saponariifolia on Sesame germination. We can infer that the suppression of processes D. saponariifolia are only for "muffling".
O manejo de plantas espont?neas ? complexo e comp?e um dos principais componentes do custo de produ??o da maioria das culturas. O cultivo de plantas de cobertura ? uma das formas de manejo para redu??o das plantas espont?neas competidoras. Neste contexto desenvolveu-se um estudo com objetivo de investigar o potencial das esp?cies espont?neas Crotalaria incana (Xique-Xique) e Diodia Saponariifolia (Poaia do brejo), que ocorrem em uma paisagem pr?xima a fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica, na regi?o da Bacia do Rio Guapi-Macacu-RJ, como parte integrante de agroecossistemas sustent?veis, constituindo estrat?gia para redu??o do uso de herbicidas e incremento da biodiversidade local. Este potencial foi avaliado em C. incana, atrav?s de estudos fenol?gicos de altura da planta, di?metro de copa, n?mero de ramos, presen?a de infloresc?ncia e n?mero de vagens ao longo do ciclo e em diferentes ?pocas Outubro, Janeiro, Fevereiro e Mar?o). Avaliou-se tamb?m sua intera??o com o clima e ?pocas de plantio. Constatou-se que no plantio de Outubro, C. incana teve o ciclo vegetativo mais longo, com pouca produ??o de sementes. J? no plantio em Fevereiro, o desempenho de C. incana foi bom em ambos par?metros; enquanto no plantio de Mar?o, C. incana demonstrou menor desempenho tanto para produ??o de massa como de sementes. Avalia??es preliminares de macronutrientes totais e biomassa indicam bom potencial de C. incana a ser melhor investigado. Quanto ? D. Saponariifolia, uma esp?cie rasteira caracterizada como macr?fita, foram feitas avalia??es de porcentagem de cobertura do solo ap?s sua introdu??o, comparando com as fam?lias mais frequentemente dominantes no sistema, Poaceae e Cyperaceae. Posteriormente avaliou-se o comportamento do banco de sementes nesta mesma ?rea ap?s ser introduzida (?rea experimental), comparando com ?rea natural onde j? estava estabelecida espont?neamente. Observou-se um arrefecimento das popula??es de Poaceae e Cyperaceae ap?s a introdu??o D. saponariifolia. O banco de sementes de espont?neas revelou uma redu??o na express?o destas fam?lias e de Asteraceae, importantes competidoras no sistema. Poss?vel efeito alelop?tico de D. saponariifolia na supress?o de espont?neas, foi avaliado atrav?s de biosensaio com o solo da ?rea natural, onde D. saponariifolia predomina espontaneamente. Neste solo foram germinadas sementes de Sesamo indicu L. (Gergelim) em bandejas de 15 c?lulas, com 3 tratamentos (T1,T2,T3). Em T1, adicionou-se carv?o ativado, que neutralizaria efeitos alelop?ticos prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas. Em T2, n?o se adicionou nada. Em T3 (controle) utilizou-se um solo da ?rea adjacente, sem presen?a de indiv?duos de D. saponariifolia. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas nos 3 tratamentos, indicando n?o haver evid?ncias de efeitos alelop?ticos de D. saponariifolia na germina??o de Gergelim. Podemos inferir que os processos de supress?o de D. saponariifolia sejam apenas por ?abafamento?.
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Silva, Vinicius Vitoi. „Efeito do pr?-cultivo de adubos verdes na produ??o org?nica de br?colos (Brassica oleraceae var. italica) em sistema de plantio direto“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2002. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/527.
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Previous issue date: 2002-03-22This study was carried out under field conditions at the Agroecological Integrated Production System (AIPS) to chose the best option of cover crop to much the soil suface for broccoli organic managed in no-tillagem systems. The experiment was set in a randomized blocks design with four treatments during two years in the same field location. In the first year the treatment used was, sorghum; millet; sum hemp and weeds as control. In the second year was replaced to a misture sum hamp and sorghum to optimize the benefits of utilization of legume. The cover crop was cut and left in the soil surface as mulch to provide a thick residue that release nutrients and suppress growth of weeds and prove a best environment to broccoli development. This study included evaluation relating with biomas production, concentration and accumulation of nutrients at cover crop; decomposition rates and nutrients released at straws; weed community before and after cover crop was cut; broccoli marketable production and nutrients concentration at index leaves of broccoli. Sorghum; millet; sum hemp and sorghum plus sum hemp mixture production of straw was plus than 7,0 Mg ha-1 dry mass and proved a good much with the slowest decompositions rates. The decomposition rate and nutrient release rate was fast in weeds and slower in grass than legume. The mixture grass-legume has a intermediate rate whem is compared with sorghum and sun hemp monoculture. Legume accumulation plus Ca and grass plus K and P. The faster nutrient releases from mulch was K and the lowest was Ca, while N, P and Mg was variable among treatments. Legume grass mixture can improve quality of mulch because they have different root ability to nutrient up take. The straws of sorghum, millet, sum hemp and sorghum plus sum hemp mixture restring weed growth and show that is possible to reduce additional control measures. The index leaves of broccoli was able to show differences in nutrients up take only to K at the first year, when it was higher in broccoli planted in millet and sorghum residues, but at the second year N and P was higher in leaves of broccoli planted in sum hemp and mixture of sorghum plus sum hemp residue. At the broccoli marketable yield was better in cover crop than weeds. In the second year the mixture grass-legume effect in broccoli growth was similar to legume alone.
Foi conduzido um estudo de campo no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) com o objetivo de identificar a melhor op??o de planta de cobertura para produ??o de Br?colos (Brassica oleraceae L., var. italica) em Sistema Plantio Direto. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es e quatro tratamentos e utilizado a mesma localiza??o no campo durante os dois anos. No primeiro experimento os tratamentos foram sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e vegeta??o espont?nea como testemunha. No segundo experimento o tratamento com milheto foi substitu?do pelo cons?rcio entre sorgo e crotal?ria para otimizar o benef?cio da leguminosa. A cultura de cobertura foi cortada e deixada na superf?cie para forma a espessa camada de palha que libera nutriente, impede o crescimento de ervas e proporciona melhora ambiente para o crescimento do br?colo. O estudo incluiu a avalia??o da produ??o de fitomassa, teor e acumula??o de nutrientes nas plantas de cobertura; taxas de decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes da palhada; comunidade de plantas espont?neas antes e ap?s o corte das plantas de cobertura; produ??o comercial de br?colos e o teor de nutrientes na folha ?ndice do br?colos. Sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e cons?rcio produziram acima de 7,0 Mg ha-1 de mat?ria seca proporcionando boa cobertura do solo cujas taxas de decomposi??o foram mais lentas. A decomposi??o e libera??o de nutrientes foi mais r?pida na vegeta??o espont?nea que nas gram?neas e leguminosa. O cons?rcio entre sorgo e crotal?ria apresentou taxa de decomposi??o intermedi?ria entre os valores observados nos tratamentos sorgo e crotal?ria solteiros, mas a libera??o de nutriente foi semelhante. A leguminosa acumulou maiores quantidades de N e Ca enquanto as gram?neas mais K e P. O nutriente K apresentou a maior velocidade de libera??o e Ca a menor velocidade de libera??o em todos tratamentos, enquanto N, P e Mg variaram entre tratamentos. O cons?rcio entre gram?nea e leguminosa melhora a qualidade da palhada devido a diferen?as na absor??o de nutrientes. A palhada de sorgo, milheto, crotal?ria e o cons?rcio crotal?ria e sorgo restringiram o estabelecimento de plantas espont?neas mostrando a viabilidade de reduzir a intensidade e freq??ncia de capinas. A folha ?ndice do br?colos identificou diferen?a na absor??o de nutrienntes apenas para o K no primeiro ano, quando foi maior no br?colos cultivado sobre res?duos de milheto e sorgo. No segundo ano o teor de N e P na folha ?ndice foi maior no br?colos cultivado sobre res?duos de crotal?ria e do cons?rcio. No primeiro ano todas as plantas de cobertura proporcionaram produ??o comercial de br?colos superior em rela??o ao controle com plantas espont?neas. No segundo ano o efeito dos res?duos de crotal?ria + sorgo proporcionou produ??o comercial semelhante ao melhor resultado que foi obtida sobre res?duos de crotal?ria solteira.
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MATOS, Camila Ferreira. „Produ??o de biog?s e biofertilizante a partir de dejetos de bovinos, sob sistema org?nico e convencional de produ??o“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1140.
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FAPERJ - Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Milk production in Brazil stands out as one of the main agricultural activities. The intensification of these animal production systems results in large concentrations of residues. Generally, these residues are applied in the fields without treatment, contaminating the ground water, eutrophication of rivers, among others. It is recommended the use of biodigester as a viable and practical alternative to the use of organic waste. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of biogas production and agronomic potential of biofertilizer, resulting from the biodigestion of manure from dairy cattle under organic and conventional production systems. Eight prototypes bench biodigesters were used (supply batch) filled with dairy cattle manure under organic production from Fazendinha km 47 and and with the dairy cattle waste under conventional production system, from Pesquisa Agropecu?ria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. The experimental design was completely randomized with four repetitions for each treatment. After the anaerobic biodigestion of waste, chemical, physical and biological analyzes were performed, according to the legislation of the CONAMA 375/06. After 210 days was observed a cumulative production of 6.18 L of biogas from the biodigestion of manure from cattle under organic system (DBSO) and 11.15 L biogas for cattle manure under conventional system (DBSC). The DBSC also have a higher energy potential and biogas potential (m3 / kg substrate, total solids and volatile solids) relative to DBSO. This increased production of biogas in DBSC is consistent with a greater reduction in total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) in this treatment, with reduced values of 27% and 33%, respectively. However, with regard to biogas explosive, the DBSO reached 100% LEL (lower explosive limit) 50 days before the DBSC. It demonstrates that there was increased production of biogas in DBSC, but lower quality, with respect to the methane concentration compared to DBSO. Statistical difference was observed between the input material (influent) and outlet (effluent) in the digester for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ST, SV and humidity. Anaerobic biodigestion increased pH and reduced EC in effluent material. In respect of biofertilizers, it was observed statistical difference between DBSO and DBSC in the case of pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Biofertilizer derived from DBSO and DBSC had a minimum carbon content to be included as organic fertilizers, with values of 97.14 and 91.04 g kg-1, respectively. The levels of nutrients Mg, K and Fe were higher in biofertilizers DBSO and Ca, Mn, Cu and Zn were higher in biofertilizers DBSC. Heavy metal contents were higher in biofertilizers DBSC, except Ba. DBSC biofertilizer presented Cd content higher than that permitted by organic fertilizers law. In conclusion, the milk production systems influence the production of biogas and the chemical and physical characteristics of biofertilizer. DBSC had become more efficient in the production of biogas while the DBSO demonstrated greater potential for use as organic fertilizer crop.
A produ??o de leite no Brasil destaca-se como uma das principais atividades agropecu?rias. Por?m, a intensifica??o desse sistema de produ??o resulta em grandes concentra??es de res?duos. Geralmente, esses res?duos s?o aplicados na lavoura sem tratamento pr?vio, salinizando o solo, eutrofizando os rios, entre outros. Recomenda-se o uso do biodigestor como uma alternativa vi?vel de utiliza??o racional dos res?duos org?nicos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia da produ??o de biog?s e do potencial agron?mico do biofertilizante, resultantes da biodigest?o anaer?bica de dejetos de bovinos de leite, sob sistema org?nico e convencional de produ??o. Utilizaram-se oito prot?tipos de biodigestores de bancada abastecidos com os dejetos de bovinos de leite, sob produ??o org?nica, da Fazendinha do km 47 e, com os dejetos de bovino de leite, sob sistema convencional, provenientes da Pesagro-RJ. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repeti??es para cada tratamento. Ap?s a coleta e biodigest?o anaer?bica dos dejetos foram realizadas an?lises qu?micas, f?sicas e biol?gicas, de acordo com a Legisla??o do CONAMA 375/06. Ap?s os 210 dias foi observada uma produ??o acumulada de 6,18 L de biog?s a partir da biodigest?o dos dejetos de bovinos sob sistema org?nico (DBSO) e 11,15 L de biog?s para os dejetos de bovinos sob sistema convencional (DBSC). O DBSC tamb?m apresentou maior potencial energ?tico e potencial de produ??o de biog?s (m3/kg de substrato, de s?lidos totais e de s?lidos vol?teis) em rela??o ao DBSO. Essa maior produ??o de biog?s nos DBSC est? condizente com uma maior redu??o de s?lidos totais (ST) e vol?teis (SV) nesse tratamento, com valores de redu??o de 27% e 33%, respectivamente. No entanto, com rela??o ? explosividade do biog?s, o DBSO atingiu 100% de LEL (limites de explosividade inferior) 50 dias antes do DBSC. Isso demonstra que, houve maior produ??o de biog?s no DBSC, por?m de menor qualidade, no que diz respeito ? concentra??o de metano, em compara??o ao DBSO. Foi observada diferen?a estat?stica entre o material de entrada (afluente) e sa?da (efluente) no biodigestor para pH, condutividade el?trica (CE), ST, SV e umidade. A biodigest?o anaer?bica elevou o pH e reduziu a CE no material efluente. Quanto aos biofertilizantes, observou-se diferen?a estat?stica entre os DBSO e DBSC tratando-se do pH e da condutividade el?trica (CE). Os biofertilizantes oriundos de DBSO e DBSC apresentaram um teor de C m?nimo para serem considerados fertilizantes org?nicos, com valores de 97,14 e 91,04 g kg-1, respectivamente. Os teores dos nutrientes Mg, K e Fe foram superiores nos biofertilizantes de DBSO e os de Ca, Mn, Cu e Zn foram maiores nos biofertilizantes de DBSC. Os teores de metais pesados, exceto o Ba, foram maiores nos biofertilizantes de DBSC. O biofertilizante do DBSC apresentou teor de Cd acima do permitido por lei para fertilizantes org?nicos. Conclui-se que, os sistemas de produ??o de leite influenciaram na produ??o do biog?s e nas caracter?sticas qu?micas e f?sicas do biofertilizante. Os DBSC apresentaram-se mais eficientes na produ??o de biog?s enquanto que, os DBSO demonstraram maior potencial de uso como adubo org?nico das culturas.
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REZENDE, Ana Paula Capello. „Planejamento ambiental participativo de projeto do desenvolvimento sustent?vel do acampamento Unidos Venceremos, Porto Seguro, Bahia“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2017. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2266.
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This works purposed to contribute for the planning of the Sustainable Development Project ?PDS Unidos Venceremos? located at the Porto Seguro city, Bahia. To that end the territorial and environmental characterization of the Santa Maria II Farm and the environmental perception analysis of families living in the area was aimed. Also, were realized awareness activities about the environmental conservation needs and use possibilities of natural resources from the settlement with attention to the Brazilian Forest Code. A methodological proposal for collective construction for the ?PDS Unidos Venceremos? environmental planning was developed. Field data survey, maps, workshops and field days meetings with the families were done. In addition, a proposal of topics to the participative environmental planning of the PDS was elaborated. Through the analyzed period, from 2013 to 2016, changes happened in the perception and practice of families concerning the use of fire, agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers. The use of participatory methodologies contributed to the families? incorporation of agroecological practices. The environmental planning is fundamental to the establishment of a rural settlement and the steps to the participatory construction must be organized according to each reality. The use of the watershed concept contributed to the construction of a holistic and integrated perspective of the territory to be planned.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para o planejamento ambiental e efetiva??o territorial do Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Unidos Venceremos, localizado no munic?pio de Porto Seguro, Bahia. Para tanto, buscou-se a caracteriza??o territorial e ambiental da Fazenda Santa Maria II e a an?lise da percep??o ambiental das fam?lias que viviam na ?rea. Tamb?m foram realizadas a??es para a sensibiliza??o das fam?lias quanto ? necessidade de conserva??o e possibilidades de uso dos recursos naturais do assentamento com ?nfase em APP, RL e uso da ?gua. Bem como a estrutura??o de uma proposta metodol?gica para constru??o coletiva do planejamento ambiental do PDS Unidos Venceremos. Foram realizados levantamentos de dados de campo, elabora??o de mapas, oficinas e dias de campo com as fam?lias acampadas, al?m da estrutura??o de uma proposta de temas para o planejamento ambiental participativo do PDS. Ao longo do per?odo analisado, 2013 a 2016, verificaram-se avan?os na percep??o e na pr?tica das fam?lias quanto ao uso do fogo, agrot?xicos e fertilizantes qu?micos. As metodologias participativas utilizadas contribu?ram para a incorpora??o pelas fam?lias de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas. O planejamento ambiental ? fundamental para a efetiva??o de um assentamento rural. Os passos para uma constru??o participativa devem ser organizados de acordo com cada realidade. A utiliza??o do conceito de bacia hidrogr?fica contribuiu para a constru??o de uma vis?o hol?stica e integrada do territ?rio a ser planejado.
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NASCIMENTO, Elisamara Caldeira do. „Produ??o org?nica no munic?pio de Serop?dica: avalia??o de sua sustentabilidade e o seu impacto nos atributos qu?micos e biol?gicos do solo“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2218.
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CAPES
FAPERJ
Interest in organic agriculture has increased due to growing public concern with the quality of the food it consumes, the insecurity caused by rising food crises contamination and also aimed at environmental preservation. Organic agriculture offers numerous environmental advantages compared to conventional agriculture, since it is geared to improving biodiversity, restoring the natural ecological balance, soil conservation and water resources. Therefore, it is important to understand how and if these improvements are occurring in the environment and the soil in which agricultural systems are installed compared to other systems of occupation of areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the soil of organic production farms in the municipality of Serop?dica- RJ, belonging to producers of the SerOrg?nico organization, as well as areas of pasture and preserved forest. For this, the work was divided into three chapters. In the first, a questionnaire was applied based on the ministry of agriculture producers notebook for all farmers in the association. It was clear that all producers have a great sense of the importance of producing quality food and they know the main techniques for this purpose. However, the difficulties that pass are the same as those faced by all small brazilian producers are marketing difficulties, lack of access to financial credit and technical assistance. In the second chapter, soil samples were collected for evaluation of fertility, grain size analysis, chemical and grain size fracioanamento organic matter and analysis of bacterial diversity by independent analysis of culture (DGGE). The areas of organic farming showed no soil fertility results that express the positive effects of cropping system. However, the attributes that most affect the fertility of the studied areas are pH, Ca, H + Al, P, Carbon, V%, total clay and degree of flocculation. Fractionation of organic matter showed that the more stable fractions are most related to the C present in the evaluated areas and soil management beneficially altered the structure of bacterial communities. In the third chapter, we evaluated the nutritional value of corn plants and italian style tomato conditioned to different commercial inputs of phosphorus and potassium base allowed for organic production system. Both P sources, as for sources of K, did not contribute to differences in the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients in plants of tomatoes and corn, however the italian-type tomato productivity averages were higher than 44 t / ha-1 when treatments they were associated with castor bean, showing that it is a viable alternative sources of fertilizers to organic producers.
O interesse pela agricultura org?nica tem aumentado devido a crescente preocupa??o da popula??o com a qualidade dos alimentos que consome, pela inseguran?a provocada pelas crescentes crises alimentares, por contamina??o e tamb?m visando ? preserva??o ambiental. A agricultura org?nica oferece numerosas vantagens ambientais, comparativamente a agricultura convencional, uma vez que est? orientada para melhoria da biodiversidade, restabelecimento do equil?brio ecol?gico natural, conserva??o dos solos e dos recursos h?dricos. Portanto, ? importante entender como, e se estas melhorias est?o ocorrendo no ambiente e nos solos em que os sistemas agr?colas est?o instalados comparando-se a demais sistemas de ocupa??o das ?reas. A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os solos das ?reas de produ??o org?nica do munic?pio de Serop?dica- RJ, que pertencem a associa??o de produtores SerOrg?nico, assim como ?reas de pastagem e de mata preservada. Para isto, o trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro, foi aplicado um question?rio baseado no Caderno de Produtores do Minist?rio da Agricultura para todos os agricultores da associa??o. Ficou claro que todos os produtores possuem uma grande percep??o da import?ncia de se produzir alimentos de qualidade e que eles conhecem as principais t?cnicas para tal fim. Contudo, as dificuldades pelas quais passam s?o as mesmas enfrentadas por todos os pequenos produtores brasileiros que s?o: dificuldade de comercializa??o, falta de acesso a cr?dito financeiro e assist?ncia t?cnica. No segundo cap?tulo, amostras de solo foram coletadas para avalia??o da fertilidade, an?lise granulom?trica, fracioanamento qu?mico e granulom?trico da mat?ria org?nica e an?lise de diversidade de bact?rias por an?lise independente de cultivo (DGGE). As ?reas de agricultura org?nica n?o apresentaram resultados de fertilidade do solo que expressam os efeitos positivos do sistema de cultivo. Contudo, os atributos que mais afetam a fertilidade das ?reas estudadas s?o pH, Ca, H+ Al, P, Carbono, V%, Argila Total e Grau de Flocula??o. O fracionamento da mat?ria org?nica demonstrou que as fra??es mais est?veis s?o as que mais se relacionam com o C presente nas ?reas avaliadas e, o manejo do solo alterou beneficamente a estrutura das comunidades bacterianas. J? no terceiro cap?tulo, avaliaram-se os aspectos nutricionais de plantas de milho e tomate do tipo italiano condicionadas a diferentes insumos comerciais a base de f?sforo e pot?ssio permitidos para o Sistema org?nico de produ??o. Tanto as fontes de P, quanto as fontes de K n?o contribu?ram para diferen?as no ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e nutrientes nas plantas de tomates e milho, entretanto as m?dias de produtividade de tomate tipo italiano foram superiores a 44 t/ha-1 quando os tratamentos foram associadas a torta de mamona, mostrando-se estas fontes alternativas vi?veis para aduba??o ao produtor org?nico.
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Guedes, Rejane Escrivani. „Bases para o cultivo org?nico de feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] no estado do Rio de Janeiro“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/553.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-25Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Cowpea genotypes submitted to organic management were evaluated for grain yield and green manure, as well as intercropped with corn, under field conditions of Serop?dica, state of Rio de Janeiro. In the year of 2005, 53 cowpea genotypes were compared at the Integrated Agroecology Produc tion System ( SIPA Km 47 Agroecologic Farm) relating to qualitative and quantitative agronomic traits. Data were treated by following univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Significant differences were detected with respect to all the evaluated parameters. Genotypes EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES47, Feij?o-Caupi and Feij?o Mau? showed favourable attributes for immature (=green) grain yield. They presented determinate growth habit with moderate branchding and flowering stage up to 45 days after sowing, only differing by pod and grain colors. Univariete analysis demonstrated high variability among cowpea genotypes. However, multivariate analysis was more efficient to joint selected agronomic traits for identification of genotyp ic groups, which can be important in cowpea breeding programs. Cowpea and corn intercrops also submitted to organic cultivation were evaluated by means of two field experiments carried out at SIPA. In Experiment 1, the cowpea cultivars Mau?, BRS Mil?nio and Olho de Peixe were intercropped with corn (cv. AG-1051) to function as green manures. A randomized blocks design was employed in factorial 2x3 scheme (two corn plant spacing x three cowpea cultivars). In Experiment 2, Mau? cowpea and AG-1051 corn were intercropped for harvesting immature (=green) grains and spikes, respectively. Treatments consisted of four time intervals between cowpea and corn sowing. As for Experiment 1, corn planted in double rows favoured cowpea aboveground biomass production, probably due to a greater amount of light admitted into the system. Results from Experiments 2 indicated that intercrop with cowpea did not decrease corn yield which reached averages of 9,5 and 5,9 Mg ha-1 of ears with and without straw, respectively. Regarding cowpea grain yield of Mau? cultivar its single crop was superior to the intercrops exceeding 1400 kg ha-1. Treatment corresponding to 21 days of interval between cowpea and corn sowing differed from the other types of intecrops, with yield attaining 978,75 ka ka-1. It is concluded that the intercropping system can se adopted in the region without risks of lowering corn yield due to competition, being three weeks (21 days) the most adequate time interval between sowing.
Foi avaliado, em sistema org?nico de produ??o, o desempenho de gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi com potencial para produ??o de gr?os verdes e aduba??o verde, e em cons?rcios com o milho, nas condi??es da Baixada Fluminense, munic?pio de Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. No ano de 2005, em ?rea do SIPA, (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km. 47 ), foram avaliados 53 gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi, segundo caracter?sticas fitot?cnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia univariada e a an?lise multivariada. Houve diferen?a significativa para todos os par?metros avaliados. Os gen?tipos EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES-47, Feij?o-Caupi e Feij?o Mau? reuniram caracter?sticas mais adequadas para colheita de gr?os verdes, apresentando porte semi-ramador, h?bito de crescimento determinado, com florescimento at? 45 dias ap?s semeadura, diferindo apenas pela colora??o da vagem e do gr?o. Os resultados da an?lise univariada demonstraram alta variabilidade entre os gen?tipos. Por?m, para o caso de se reunir v?rios atributos fitot?cnicos, constituindo grupos de gen?tipos, a an?lise multivariada se mostrou mais eficiente e pode ser de valia para o melhoramento do feij?o-caupi. Foi avaliado, ainda, o desempenho agron?mico dos cons?rcios do milho com o feij?o-caupi submetidos ao manejo org?nico, atrav?s de dois experimentos conduzidos no SIPA. No Experimento 1, avaliou-se o desempenho de tr?s cultivares de feij?o-caupi para aduba??o verde do milho (cv. AG-1501) em cons?rcios simult?neos. As cultivares de feij?o-caupi Mau?, BRS Mil?nio e Olho de Peixe foram utilizadas, adotando-se delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois espa?amentos de milho e tr?s cultivares de feij?ocaupi). No Experimento 2, avaliou-se o cons?rcio entre feij?o-caupi (cv. Mau?) e milho (cv. AG-1051) para colheitas de gr?os verdes e de espigas verdes, respectivamente. Os tratamentos constaram de quatro intervalos entre as semeaduras de feij?o-caupi e de milho. No Experimento 1, o espa?amento do milho em fileiras duplas favoreceu a produ??o de biomassa a?rea fresca de feij?o-caupi, muito provavelmente pela maior entrada de luz no sistema. Os resultados do Experimento 2 indicaram que o cons?rcio n?o interferiu na produtividade do milho, colhendo-se, em m?dia, 9,5 e 5,9 Mg ha-1 de espigas verdes empalhadas e desempalhadas, respectivamente. Com rela??o ? produ??o de gr?os verdes da cv. Mau? de feij?o-caupi, o monocultivo superou os cons?rcios com o milho, ultrapassando 1400 kg ha-1. O cons?rcio correspondente a 21 DAM (dias antes do milho) diferiu dos demais tipos de cons?rcio, sendo superior, em produ??o, que atingiu 978,75 kg ha-1. Concluiu-se que o sistema de cons?rcio com o feij?o-caupi pode ser adotado na regi?o sem risco de perdas na produtividade do milho por efeito de competi??o, sendo de tr?s semanas (21 DAM) o intervalo mais adequado entre as semeaduras.
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Nobre, Junior Antonio de Almeida. „Sustentabilidade de Sistemas de Produ??o de Oler?colas sobre Manejo Org?nico em Unidades Familiares, na Regi?o Serrana Fluminense“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1134.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES
The historical rebuilding of the organic horticulture, in the Fluminense Highland Region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the counties of Petr?polis and S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, aimed to bring together elements capable to explain some phenomena relating to development of the local agroecosystems, from consultation to documents and interviews with farmers and other persons chosen because of personal and professional experience in the organic movement. Most of the production units certified by the Biological Farmers Association of the State of Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) it develops the organic horticulture, about 180 producers, in properties of four hectares, on average, mainly in the counties of Petr?polis and Nova Friburgo, while to smallest amount of producers in the county of S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. The organization of the productive chain must consider that the organic horticulture is a diversified activity, small-scale, low value added, carried out by family farmers widely distributed in the territory. This requires complex logistics of production, processing, marketing, transportation and distribution. The process of management of the organic production has been presenting progresses and retreats in the search of collective solutions. In 1979, the manifest ?Food without poison' was published. In 1980, the first point of sale of organic products appears. In 1981, the Consumers Cooperative Association of Environmental Harmony ? Coonatura - it structures a nucleus for the production of ecological foods, in the county of Petr?polis. In 1984, the Letter of Petr?polis was elaborated, during the II Brazilian Encounter of Alternative Agriculture. In 1985, ABIO was founded, in the city of Nova Friburgo. In 1986, Coonatura enlarges the organic production. The associative system of conversion of the conventional production systems to organic management was based on the co-leasing of the land, manure supply, seeds, payment of daily rates, overtime and commission on production for farmers, who were advised by an own body of technical assistance. The Eco-92 was important to articulation of the organic movement. In 1993, Coonatura counted on 2800 associated consumers, central marketing and supply of home delivery service. In 1994, Coonatura and ABIO created the Ecological Fair of Gloria. In 1999, the Association of Organic Producers of Black River Valley was created, that it started to sell organic products with own mark in supermarkets. Thus, the organization of the system of production and marketing of organic vegetables grown by only a point of sale (1980), passing for a structure with several points (1993), specialized fairs (1994) and service demand through the commercialization in supermarkets (2000). The organic movement, particularly the horticulture, has been learning and taught some lessons: institutions managed by idealistic people need of technical assistance, continuous training (formal and informal) is central, new productive and institutional arrangements of solidary character must be developed and strengthened partnerships. The history of organic horticulture has roots in associationism between producers and consumers, which has enable the improvement of the family farmers' quality of life, in the Fluminense Highland Region of the Rio de Janeiro State.
A reconstitui??o hist?rica da olericultura org?nica na regi?o Serrana Fluminense, particularmente nos munic?pios de Petr?polis e S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto, visou a reunir elementos capazes de explicar alguns fen?menos relativos ? evolu??o dos agroecossistemas locais, a partir da consulta de documentos e entrevistas com agricultores e outras pessoas escolhidas em virtude da experi?ncia profissional e pessoal no movimento org?nico. A maioria das unidades de produ??o certificadas pela Associa??o de Agricultores Biol?gicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (ABIO) desenvolve a olericultura org?nica, cerca de 180 produtores, em im?veis de quatro hectares, em m?dia, principalmente nos n?cleos do Brejal (munic?pio de Petr?polis) e Nova Friburgo, enquanto que a menor quantidade de produtores encontra-se no munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Vale do Rio Preto. A organiza??o da cadeia produtiva deve considerar que a olericultura org?nica ? uma atividade diversificada, em pequena escala, de baixo valor agregado, exercida principalmente por agricultores familiares amplamente distribu?dos no territ?rio. Isto exige complexa log?stica de produ??o, processamento, comercializa??o, transporte e distribui??o. Neste sentido, o processo de gest?o da produ??o org?nica fluminense tem apresentado avan?os e retrocessos na busca de solu??es coletivas. Em 1979, foi publicado o manifesto ?Comida sem veneno?. Em 1980, surge o primeiro ponto de venda de produtos org?nicos. Em 1981, a Cooperativa de Consumidores da Associa??o Harmonia Ambiental ? Coonatura ? estrutura um n?cleo de produ??o de alimentos ecol?gicos, na localidade do Brejal, distrito de Posse, no munic?pio de Petr?polis. Em 1984, foi elaborada a Carta de Petr?polis, durante o II Encontro Brasileiro de Agricultura Alternativa. Em 1985, foi fundada a ABIO, em Nova Friburgo. Em 1986, a Coonatura amplia os n?cleos de produ??o. O sistema associativo de convers?o dos sistemas de produ??o convencionais para o manejo org?nico baseava-se no co-arrendamento, fornecimento de esterco, sementes, pagamento de di?rias, horas-extras e comiss?o por produ??o para os agricultores, que eram assessorados por um corpo pr?prio de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural. A Eco-92 foi um marco para articula??o do movimento org?nico. Em 1993, a Coonatura contava com 2800 consumidores associados, central de comercializa??o e fornecimento do servi?o de entrega domiciliar. Em 1994, a Coonatura e ABIO criaram a Feira Ecol?gica da Gl?ria. Em 1999, foi criada a Associa??o de Produtores Org?nicos do Vale do Rio Preto, que passou a comercializar produtos da marca Horta Org?nica, em supermercados. Desta forma, a organiza??o do sistema de produ??o e comercializa??o de oler?colas org?nicas evoluiu de apenas um ponto de venda (1980), passando para uma estrutura com diversos pontos (1993), feiras especializadas (1994) e atendimento da demanda por meio da comercializa??o em supermercados (2000). O movimento org?nico, particularmente a olericultura, tem aprendido e ensinado algumas li??es: institui??es gerenciadas por pessoas idealistas precisam de assessorias t?cnicas; a capacita??o continuada (formal e informal) ? fundamental; novos arranjos produtivos e institucionais de car?ter solid?rio precisam ser desenvolvidos e o associativismo fortalecido. A hist?ria da olericultura org?nica tem ra?zes no associativismo entre produtores e consumidores, o que tem possibilitado a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos agricultores familiares, na Regi?o Serrana Fluminense.
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Gadelha, Yve Eligi?r Alves. „Cigarrinhas (hemiptera: auchenorrhyncha) e moscas-das-frutas (diptera: tephritidae) em pomares de Citrus Deliciosa Tenore variedade montenegrina sob manejo org?nico no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/219.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-29O Brasil ? uma dos maiores produtores de frutas do mundo e o Rio Grande do Sul ? o terceiro maior produtor de tangerinas, abrigando o munic?pio de Montenegro como o quinto maior do Estado. Algumas esp?cies de cigarrinhas podem transmitir a bact?ria Xylella fastidiosa causadora da doen?a Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC), assim o presente trabalho estudou as comunidades de Cicadellidae, Cercopidae e Membracidae. Os insetos dessa ?ltima fam?lia, por sua vez, podem manter associa??es biol?gicas com formigas atendentes ben?ficas para a planta hospedeira por causa da prote??o de formigas contra herb?voros externos. Al?m disso, a flutua??o populacional da moscadas- frutas Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) foi investigada atrav?s da sua rela??o com dados abi?ticos. Portanto, os objetivos desse trabalho foram estudar a diversidade, identificar as esp?cies potenciais vetoras de X. fastidiosa, investigar sua flutua??o populacional e conhecer as esp?cies de membrac?deos para controlar a a??o de outros herb?voros danosos ? citros. A diversidade de cigarrinhas em pomares consorciados e n?o consorciados com vegeta??o espont?nea sob manejo org?nico foi comparada. Foram selecionados quatro pomares de Citrus deliciosa, sendo dois consorciados e dois n?o consorciados com vegeta??o espont?nea de propriedade particular do referido munic?pio. A captura de exemplares foi realizada quinzenalmente de agosto de 2009 a julho de 2010, atrav?s de armadilha adesiva amarela, rede-devarredura e bandeja d ?gua amarela. Os ?ndices de diversidade de Shannon (H ) e Simpson (D), obtidos atrav?s do programa Ecological Methodology, ?ndices de const?ncia, curva do coletor e estimadores de riqueza (Bootstrap, Chao 2, Jackknife 1 e 2), obtidos atrav?s do programa Past vers?o 2.09, foram utilizados para a an?lise dos dados. Foram capturados 4.841 cicadel?deos, distribu?dos em 17 g?neros e 23 esp?cies e 57 de cercop?deos, dois g?neros e duas esp?cies. Os meses de maior diversidade de cigarrinhas tanto em pomares consorciados com n?o consorciados foram dezembro de 2009 (H = 2,86; D= 0,78), mar?o (H = 3,02; D= 0,84) e abril de 2010 (H = 3,27, D= 0,87). Os cicadel?deos Sibovia sagata, Macugonalia cavifrons, M. leucomelas, Hortensia similis, Oncometopia facialis e Tapajosa rubromarginata foram consideradas potenciais vetoras do pat?geno. Foram capturados 1.200 membrac?deos, distribu?dos em tr?s subfam?lias, 13 g?neros e 18 esp?cies. Smiliinae apresentou a maior abund?ncia de 751 (62,58%) e riqueza, 10 esp?cies. Os meses de maior diversidade de membrac?deos em pomares consorciados foram agosto, novembro de 2009 e maio de 2010, j? nos n?o consorciados foram abril e maio de 2010. Cyphonia clavata, Tolania sp. e Micrutalis sp. 1 foram consideradas esp?cies constantes. A riqueza de membrac?deos em pomares consorciados foi de 17 esp?cies, sendo oito exclusivas dos mesmos, j? em pomares n?o consorciados a riqueza foi de 10 esp?cies, com apenas uma exclusiva. As curvas de coletor e os estimadores de riqueza para as cigarrinhas e membrac?deos demonstraram que o esfor?o amostral empregado foi satisfat?rio, visto que foram coletadas em torno de 80% das esp?cies esperadas pelos ?ndices. O n?mero total de moscas coletadas foi de 391, sendo 109 em pomares consorciados e 283 em n?o consorciados. Os picos populacionais de A. fraterculus em pomares consorciados foram em dezembro e setembro de 2009, janeiro e maio de 2010, j? em n?o consorciados foram em setembro, novembro e dezembro de 2009 e fevereiro e maio de 2010. Em rela??o ? temperatura, os meses de maior ocorr?ncia foram dezembro de 2009 e maio de 2010, devido ? esta??o mais seca e ? matura??o dos frutos de C. deliciosa, respectivamente.
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Souza, Daniel Gomes de. „Utiliza??o de um sistema alternativo de irriga??o no cultivo org?nico da pimenta cambuci (Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum) no Munic?pio de Serop?dica-RJ“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1520.
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Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ
The family farm is the category of the food production sector with the largest number of productive and responsible for seventy percent of food for domestic consumption in Brazil. For this reason, the development of technologies adapted to the conditions experienced by this action is of very important for the development of rural areas. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using bamboo in the composition of an alternative system of irrigation for the cultivation of pepper in the city of Serop?dica - RJ. The study was conducted at two different times, and consisted in: a thorough laboratory analysis of hydraulic characteristics of Bambusa tuldoides ducts, and the assembly and qualitative analysis of an alternative irrigation system consists of pipelines of bamboo species Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa tuldoides, used to irrigate an organic cultivation of pepper Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum. Coefficients were determined for Fd C and ducts Bambusa tuldoides, empirical equations used in the design of hydraulic networks and the uniformity of water application of a system composed of bamboo pipes and connections of strips of inner tubes, and crop production Pepper before the variation of the irrigation schedule when irrigated by it. With the data obtained is intended to increase knowledge about food production using this technology, allowing its use in small areas of cultivation by poor farmers, thereby providing an improved growing conditions, reflected in increased production and consequent improvement in quality of life of the producer
A agricultura familiar ? a categoria do setor de produ??o de alimentos com o maior n?mero de unidades produtivas e respons?vel por setenta por cento dos alimentos destinados ao consumo interno no Brasil. Por este motivo, o desenvolvimento de tecnologias adaptadas as condi??es vivenciadas por esse segmento ? de suma import?ncia para o desenvolvimento do meio rural brasileiro. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a viabilidade da utiliza??o do bambu na composi??o de um sistema alternativo de irriga??o, para a cultura da pimenta no munic?pio de Serop?dica ? RJ. Este foi desenvolvido em dois momentos distintos, e constou em: uma minuciosa an?lise laboratorial das caracter?sticas hidr?ulicas de dutos de Bambusa tuldoides; e a montagem e an?lise qualitativa de um sistema de irriga??o alternativo composto por dutos de bambu das esp?cies: Bambusa vulgaris e Bambusa tuldoides. O de irriga??o proposto foi utilizado na irriga??o de um cultivo org?nico da pimenta Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum. Foram determinados os coeficientes C e Fd para dutos de Bambusa tuldoides, utilizados nas equa??es emp?ricas de dimensionamento de redes hidr?ulicas; a uniformidade de aplica??o de ?gua de um sistema composto por dutos de bambu e conex?es de tiras de c?maras de ar, e a produ??o da cultura da pimenta Cambuci frente a varia??o do turno de rega quando irrigada pelo mesmo. Com os dados obtidos pretende-se ampliar o conhecimento sobre a produ??o de alimentos com a utiliza??o desta tecnologia, permitindo sua aplica??o em pequenas ?reas de cultivo por agricultores descapitalizados, propiciando assim uma melhoria das condi??es de cultivo, que se reflete no aumento da produ??o e conseq?ente melhoria na qualidade de vida do produtor
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Souto, Gilberta Carneiro. „Pedagogia de projetos em experimento no cultivo org?nico de cenoura (Daucus carota, L.): estudo de caso com a turma do programa nacional de integra??o da educa??o profissional com a educa??o b?sica na modalidade educa??o de jovens e adultos ? PROEJA Quilombolas“. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1576.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Research project carried out in the Federal Institute of Par?, campus of Castanhal, whose objective is to evaluate IF the use of pedagogy of projects in organic farming of carrots, (Daucus carota, L), trying different doses organic composes e humus of earthworms into two areas show different characteristics which can contribute with meaningful learning?s. The participating group is part of the National Educational Program of Professional Integration with Basic Schooling for Young and Adult Education - PROEJA formed by remaining Quilombolas, which resulted into a research on the history of this social group. The conventional carrot farming with exaggerated use of agrotoxics, waited for an opportunity for organic farming, with the intent to produce technical information which supply the local needs of production and free consumption of toxic residues. In the beginning it was produced the compound used as fertilizer in the Project. Each activity carried out generated an individual report. The students named the project as ?Carrot farming in the soil of Par?? and, they were divided into two groups, each group took care of an area, involving all the stages of the farming. The minimum processing of the carrot was mentioned by everyone, in their reports, as the glorious moment of the Project. In the agricultural part it was possible to evaluate the farming in relation to the soil in its physical and chemical part; and in relation to the plant it was possible to evaluate the production; the extraction of nutrients; the most required nutrients; the dry matter of the aerial part (MSPA), of the root (MSR) and total (MST); always in comparison to Area I, where there was organic farming with the Area II, where there never have been planted with organic fertilizing. The results showed that the effect of organic matter in the soil, is not immediate. Plants absorbed the nutrients, but that's not reflected in increased production of roots. The experiment should be repeated for the suggestion of fertilization is better defined. The high export of nutrients by plant suggests that remain always the remains of culture in the production area. The use of the pedagogy of projects provided significant learning
O Projeto de pesquisa foi realizado no Instituto Federal do Par?, campus Castanhal, com o objetivo de avaliar se o uso da Pedagogia de Projetos em cultivo org?nico de cenoura, Daucus carota, L, experimentando-se dosagens diferenciadas de composto org?nico e h?mus de minhocas em duas ?reas que apresentam caracter?sticas diferenciadas pode contribuir na aprendizagem significativa. A turma participante faz parte do Programa da Educa??o Nacional de Integra??o Profissional com a Educa??o B?sica na Modalidade Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos - PROEJA formado por remanescentes Quilombolas, o que levou a uma pesquisa sobre a hist?ria desse grupo social. O cultivo convencional da cenoura com uso exagerado de agrot?xicos, ensejou seu cultivo org?nico, com o intuito de produzir informa??es t?cnicas que atendam ?s necessidades locais de produ??o e consumo livre de res?duos t?xicos. Inicialmente foi produzido a compostagem usada como adubo no projeto. Cada atividade realizada gerou um relato individual. Os alunos denominaram o projeto de ?Cultivo de Cenoura em Solos Paraenses? e, se dividiram em duas equipes, cada equipe cuidou de uma ?rea, envolvendo todas as etapas do cultivo. O processamento m?nimo da cenoura foi citado por todos, em seus relatos, como a apoteose do projeto. Na parte agr?cola foi poss?vel avaliar o cultivo em rela??o ao solo em sua parte f?sica e qu?mica; e em rela??o ? planta foi poss?vel avaliar a produ??o; a extra??o dos nutrientes; quais os nutrientes mais exigidos; a mat?ria seca da parte a?rea (MSPA), da raiz (MSR) e total (MST); sempre se comparando a ?rea I, onde j? havia cultivo org?nico com a ?rea II, onde nunca havia sido cultivado com aduba??o org?nica. Os resultados demonstraram que o efeito da mat?ria org?nica no solo, n?o ? imediato. As plantas absorveram bem os nutrientes, mas isso n?o se refletiu no aumento da produ??o de ra?zes. O experimento deve ser repetido para que a sugest?o de aduba??o seja melhor definida. A elevada exporta??o de nutrientes pela planta sugere que se mantenham sempre os restos de cultura na ?rea de produ??o. O uso da Pedagogia de projetos proporcionou aprendizagem significativa
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Bats, Adeline. „Les céréales et les produits céréaliers au Moyen Empire. Histoire technique et économique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL135.
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Cette thèse de doctorat, intitulée « Les céréales et les produits céréaliers au Moyen Empire. Histoire technique et économique » a pour objectif d’appréhender le rôle des céréales dans l’alimentation humaine, mais également de s’interroger sur la capacité de l’agriculture céréalière à dégager des excédents et par conséquent des richesses à l’origine d’une différentiation sociale. Les céréales cultivées durant le Moyen Empire, à savoir l’orge commune et le blé amidonnier, ont été introduites en Égypte en provenance du Proche-Orient durant le Néolithique. Ces deux plantes volontairement sélectionnées sont, comme les techniques agraires, adaptées à l’environnement nilotique. Après la récolte, les céréales sont entreposées dans différentes structures conformes aux besoins futurs. Le silo permet la conservation sur le long terme et par conséquent l’épargne, en prévision de pénuries alimentaires mais également dans le but d’accumuler de la richesse. Car, si la culture des céréales est destinée à subvenir en grande partie aux besoins alimentaires des Égyptiens, les terres agraires, les stocks et les produits transformés (pain et bière) servent également comme moyens de paiement. Enfin, ces biens sont employés aussi pour entretenir les liens de dépendances et les fidélités politiquesEntitled "Cereal and cereals Products in the Middle Kingdom. Technical and Economic History", this PhD thesis aims to understand the role of cereals in human nutrition, but also to examine the capacity of cereal agriculture to generate surpluses and consequently wealth, which is the source of social differentiation. Cereals grown during the Middle Kingdom, namely barley and emmer, were introduced into Egypt from the Near East during the Neolithic period. These two deliberately selected plants are, like agrarian techniques, adapted to the Nilotic environment. After harvest, the cereals are stored in different structures in accordance with future needs. The silo allows long-term conservation and therefore savings, in anticipation of food shortages but also in order to accumulate wealth. Because, if the cultivation of cereals is intended to provide a large part of the Egyptians’ food needs, agrarian land, stocks and processed products (bread and beer) are also used as means of payment. Finally, these assets are also used to maintain dependency and political loyalty