Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Organizational immobility“

Bedridden patients usually stay in bed for long periods, presenting several motor problems caused by immobility, such as reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and physical impairment, resulting in a long recovery process. Thus, identifying physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility is a matter of urgent research for a solution that will help health professionals and stakeholders to develop more adjusted programs and identify possible gaps. To date, no previous scoping reviews addressing this purpose have been found. This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology, will focus on physical rehabilitation programs for bedridden patients with prolonged immobility and aims to map the programs, the devices used, and the parameters assessed. A relevant set of electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Data extraction will be conducted using a tool developed by the research team that will address the review objectives and questions. Data synthesis will be presented in tabular form and a narrative summary aligned with the review’s objective. This scoping review will contribute to the improvement of clinical practice, identifying key challenges that might justify the need to develop new programs suitable in clinical and organizational contexts.

Socialists and social democrats have probably nowhere been better entrenched than in Austria and Sweden. Yet in both countries, they have suffered electoral defeats in the 1980s and early 1990s, just as socialists in many other West European nations. Changes in class structure and the economic climate during socialist government incumbency do not satisfactorily explain socialist decline. Instead, this article focuses on the organizational structure of Austrian and Swedish social democracy to explain the parties' strategic immobility when faced with the new electoral challenges of free market liberalism and left-libertarian politics. Differences in the parties' organizational structure help to account for the respective timing of electoral crisis and the organizational reforms and new policy initiatives chosen in response to such crises.

- This paper reveals a contradiction between the idea of a changing society and the results of research on social stratification in people's perception: a kind of immobility appears. The authors think that this could be the result of their construction. Moreover they believe that social stratification changes are visible when looking to the criteria that people use to order occupations and evaluate their desirability.Key words: Occupational categories, Social desirability, Social change, Social representations, Reputational scales, Occupational stratification

Migration studies analysing firms' recruitment behaviour are quite limited.This article, built around and examining a demand-driven labour migration hypothesis, explores how recruitment decisions by companies can affect international migratory flows. The study focuses on the construction industry, where a foreign (nondomestic, or expatriate) labour force forms a major component. Through a cross-country comparison, we highlight the impact of the characteristics of the sector and of labour market conditions on recruitment decisions impinging on foreign (non-domestic, or expatriate) labour.The article finally suggests a typology of strategies that construction companies may adopt in order to recruit foreign workers, and it analyses those factors that influence the different decisions in each national context. By considering in depth the relationship between recruitment strategies and patterns of international labour mobility, it is then explained why a company's behaviour can either produce immobility or mobility of foreign workers.

Objective:Post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a phenomenon whereby survivors of an intensive care unit (ICU) admission subsequently experience issues with physical, cognitive, or mental health status persisting beyond the acute hospitalization. Risk factors for developing PICS include prolonged mechanical ventilation with sedation and immobility. PICS is a devastating illness that negatively alters the life path of many individuals with tremendous economic impact. Methods: This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach to understand the systemic barriers blocking mitigation and treatment of PICS in all seven ICUs across Essex County, New Jersey (NJ) through semi-scripted interviews conducted with 11 members of the healthcare teams with at least one from each site. Thematic analysis was performed with open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Applying socio-ecologic viewpoint to data illustrate significant barriers on both an interpersonal and organizational level that decrease the operationalization of PICS mitigation measures as identified by healthcare providers. Of those interviewed, eight (73%) were physicians and the remaining were nurses. Significant thematic issues included understanding the risk factors of PICS but feeling powerless to institute mitigation efforts; experiencing lack of enthusiasm due to the absence of institutionalized mitigation protocols; noting frustration about closing the gap between academic recommendations and the ability to operationalize these appropriately; and feeling unable to effectuate meaningful change. Conclusion: Providing education to the target population and healthcare provider stakeholders regarding the barriers against PICS mitigation can alter the status quo.

Purpose A number of studies have explored the benefits (e.g. enhanced job performance and reduced strain), of being politically skilled. Within the framework of uncertainty management theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of high political skill to affective commitment, job satisfaction, and perceived job mobility, under conditions of distrust in management. Design/methodology/approach Sales representatives were surveyed and moderated multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Findings The authors found that as distrust increased, affective commitment decreased for all persons, but was most pronounced for persons low on political skill. However, distrust in management had no impact on job satisfaction for those high on political skill, allowing persons high on political skill to enjoy their jobs despite high levels of distrust (an intrapsychic benefit of political skill). Finally, as distrust in management increased, persons high on political skill had increased perceived job mobility. Research limitations/implications This study is cross-sectional, limiting conclusions about causality in the relationships studied and leaving open the possibility of reverse causation. Practical implications This research has important implications, such that, under conditions of distrust, persons low on political skill are less committed, more dissatisfied, and feel a sense of job immobility, which could lead to poor work outcomes, such as decreased job performance. Originality/value The study is the first to examine how being politically skilled benefits employee outcomes when the employee distrusts management.

Après une réforme en 2006 de l'entreprise objet de notre étude, les dirigeants voulaient réussir ces transformations par l'adoption d'un discours encourageant les employés pour adopter les principes « d'agilité organisationnelle ». Cette réforme qui tente d'apporter plus d'agilité à une entreprise qui évolue en configuration bureaucratique rigide dans un contexte national imprévisible (contexte post révolution). Nous chercherons à comprendre l'effet des discours managériaux dans le développement des principes d'agilité organisationnelle chez les employés dont l'un des effets a aussi été d'un « immobilisme organisationnel ». C'est in fine le rôle des managers intermédiaires qui est en question ici, puisque ces derniers jouent un rôle essentiel dans la traduction des discours managériaux auprès des employés. Cette traduction peut être « fidèle » comme provoquer des mouvements de résistances et de blocage. Cette recherche vise à répondre à deux questions principales : la première interroge le rôle de la communication dans le développement des principes de l'agilité organisationnelle. Et la deuxième question cherche à mettre la lumière sur les rôles des managers intermédiaires dans un contexte de changement. Dans le cadre d'une recherche-action basée sur l'observation participante complète et des entretiens semi-directifs, nous avons dégagé comme résultat que la communication interne joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement du principe d'agilité sauf que les managers intermédiaires peuvent se perdre entre les différents types de communication syndicale et managériale. De même l'incommunication représente un phénomène qui témoigne l'affaiblissement du rôle de la communication dans un contexte de changement. Parallèlement, nous avons compris que la traduction des managers intermédiaires est une phase intermédiaire dans le processus de communication et qui se situe entre l'émetteur et le récepteur. Cette traduction peut générer des signaux qui permettent de modifier les signaux reçus de l'émetteur et de créer un écart dans le sens entre les deux parties (entre le projet et la réalisation). Nous constatons que cette modification ou adaptation générée par le manager intermédiaire traducteur représente, aussi, une forme de routine qui cache leur résistance
After a reform in 2006 of the company subject of our study, the leaders wanted to succeed in these transformations by adopting a discourse encouraging employees to adopt the principles of "organizational agility". This reform which tries to bring more agility to a company which evolves in a rigid bureaucratic configuration in an unpredictable national context (post-revolution context). From 2006 to 2020 the relationship between the forces of change and the forces of resistance is characterized by permanent competition taking advantage of socio-political and organizational contexts. During this period, communications overlap and each force seeks to attract middle managers to its side in order to hinder or succeed in its projects. After a reform in 2006 of the company object of our study, the leaders tried to make a success of these transformations by the adoption of a speech encouraging the employees to adopt the principles of “organizational agility”. This reform attempts to bring more agility to a company which evolves in a rigid bureaucratic configuration in an unpredictable national context (post-revolution context).We will seek to understand the effect of managerial discourse in the development of the principles of organizational agility among employees, one of the effects of which has also been “organizational immobility”. It is ultimately the role of middle managers that is in question here, since they play an essential role in translating managerial discourse to employees. This translation can be "faithful" as provoking movements of resistance and blockage.This research aims to answer two main questions : the first questions the role of communication in the development of the principles of organizational agility. And the second question seeks to shed light on the roles of middle managers in a context of change.As part of an action research based on complete participant observation and semi-structured interviews, we have identified as a result that internal communication plays an essential role in the development of the principle of agility, except that middle managers can lose between the different types of union and managerial communication. Similarly, “ incommunication” represents a phenomenon that testifies to the weakening of the role of communication in a context of change. At the same time, we understood that the translation of intermediate managers is an intermediate phase in the communication process and which is located between the sender and the receiver. This translation can produce signals which make it possible to modify the signals received from the transmitter and to create a difference in the direction between the two parts (between the project and the realization). We note that this modification or adaptation produced by the translator intermediary manager represents a form of routines that hide their resistance

Quick-service restaurant owners who fail to apply effective business strategies could risk business closure within the first 5 years of operations. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore effective strategies that independent quick-service restaurant owners used to sustain business longer than the first 5 years. Resource-based theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with 6 owners of independent quick-service restaurants in the southern region of the United States who sustained their businesses longer than the first 5 years, and from the review of business documents pertaining to sustainability. Data were also collected using business artifacts such as job descriptions, menus, websites, social media platforms, and business licenses, and analyzed using methodological triangulation. Member checking was used to help ensure reliability and validity of the interpretations. Six key themes emerged from the data: organization value, customer required excellence, financial perspective, human assets, physical operating materials, and technological prowess. The 6 themes aligned with the 5 types of internal resources established in the conceptual framework. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to support the welfare of the local citizens and owners of quick-service restaurants across the United States by providing strategies necessary to increase business survival rates, improve job sustainability, and encourage job creation.

Les transitions énergétique et numérique du secteur de la construction apparaissent comme deux évolutions sociotechniques majeures de notre siècle. Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude de leurs impacts mutuels et des conséquences de leur rencontre sur la performance globale du parc immobilier rénové. Le modèle MACARON (Modèle d’Analyse Coûts - Avantages de la Rénovation Orientée Numérique) présenté dans ces travaux considère quatre échelles spatiales assimilées à quatre échelles potentielles de la décision / action numergétique : i) l’usager [NANO] ; ii) l’objet technique bâtiment / parc homogène [MICRO] ; iii) la cellule managériale de l’organisation [MESO] ; iv) l’objet technique parc urbain hétérogène [MACRO] et quatre thématiques transversales i) la performance énergétique ; ii) le déploiement du numérique ; iii) la capacité financière ; iv) la ressource humaine. Dans son avancement actuel, seules les échelles MICRO et MESO font l’objet de développements et d’analyses. Suivant les principes de la modélisation systémique, notre contribution inclut l’identification des éléments d’interrelation entre performance énergétique et déploiement numérique. Ce travail, qui constitue la phase de conception / construction de notre système complexe, est suivi dans un second temps de l’exploitation du modèle laquelle comprend la construction d’alternatives contrastées de la stratégie numergétique de l’organisation gestionnaire et l’évaluation de leurs performances respectives dans l’amélioration du parc
The energy and digital transitions of the construction sector and built environment appear as two major sociotechnical transitions of our century. This thesis aims to study their mutual impacts and the consequences of their meeting on the overall performance of the renovated building stock. The MACARON model (Cost-Benefit Analysis Model of Digital-Oriented Renovation) presented in this work considers four spatial scales assimilated to four potential scales of numergetic decision / action: i) the user [NANO]; ii) the homogeneous building / estate as technical object [MICRO]; iii) the managerial cell of the organization [MESO]; iv) the heterogeneous urban estate as technical object [MACRO] and four cross-cutting disciplines i) energy performance; ii) digital deployment; (iii) financial capacity; iv) human resources. In current progress, only the MICRO and MESO scales are subject to development and analysis. Using system dynamics, our contribution includes identifying the interactions between energy performance and digital deployment. This work provides the design and construction modeling stages of our complex system and the exploitation of the model. That includes the construction of contrasting alternatives of the managing organization numergetic strategy and the evaluation of their respective performance in improving the estate

For more than 170 years since their discovery, the mechanisms by which general anaesthetics act on the central nervous system (CNS) to produce their signature triad of reversible unconsciousness, amnesia, and immobility have remained incompletely understood. Recently, numerous studies have begun to illuminate mechanisms of anaesthetic hypnosis at molecular, neuronal, and neural-network levels. Despite these advances, an integrated understanding of anaesthetic hypnosis across organizational levels remains elusive. Nevertheless, multiple relevant anaesthetic molecular targets have been identified along with subcortical and cortical centres involved in entering and exiting the anaesthetic state. On the network scale, recent studies suggest cortical network properties that change at the moment of loss of consciousness are not merely indicative of that loss, but possibly the cause of it. Taken together, these actions on the CNS from receptor to network modulation offer a tantalizing if incomplete picture of how general anaesthetics act to produce reversible unconsciousness.

Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral released by rocks into water, soil and air. It elicits dual effects to organisms. Its beneficial effects are effected through water fluoridation to adjust fluoride content in drinking water to acceptable levels that are deemed to prevent tooth decay. Moreover, fluoride itself may be dangerous at high levels. Excessive fluoride causes dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis or even severe form of fluorosis known as “crippling skeletal fluorosis,” characterized by muscle wasting, immobility and neurological problems. Studies on fluoride levels are important so as to protect organisms from the adverse effect of high fluoride exposure. Various conventional and sensor-based technologies have been applied, leading to the detection of fluoride in water systems across the globe, with some regions reporting levels above the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. This necessitates interventions to reduce the levels of fluoride in drinking water. Green technologies are emerging as viable options for fluoride remediation since they are associated with minimal environmental contamination. Knowledge on fluoride in the environment is a key and therefore, this chapter provides an overview of fluorides, their monitoring in the environment, benefits as well as health effects and removal technologies that range from conventional to green technologies.

In the clinical field, 3D Printing producing is a progressive innovation for various applications, specifically on account of its capacity to customize. From bioprinting to the making of clinical items, for example, inserts, prostheses, or orthoses, it is having a significant effect. Given that there are many energizing activities and organizations in every one of these territories today we will present to you a positioning of the best 3D printed orthoses. Dissimilar to prostheses that supplant a non-existent piece of the body, orthoses are clinical gadgets that are made to settle, soothe, immobilize, control, or right a piece of the body. Since every patient is unique, 3D printing is especially appropriate for these kinds of items and gadgets. Requiring an orthotic or prosthetic item likely methods a work concentrated, tedious, and chaotic procedure. For makers, creating great fitting orthotic and prosthetic gadgets is costly and requires profoundly gifted staff. Patients can anticipate that to a lesser degree a hold up should get their gadget, fewer fittings, and improved sturdiness. Developing a comfortable, properly fitting prosthesis is not just a science, it is also an art. 3D printing has the power to take today’s bespoke, artisanal manufacturing process and transform it into a highly repeatable and consistent process, which ultimately results in more effective clinics and better patient outcomes.

Non-standard wastes — those defined as being both hazardous waste under the United Kingdom Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 [1] and radioactive under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 [2] — pose particular, unique challenges for radioactive waste management organizations [3]. Treatment and disposal routes for such wastes are limited, in some cases non existent, and generally not cost effective. A non-standard waste of particular concern in the United Kingdom, and indeed on the Sellafield site, is that of radiologically contaminated waste oil. The optioning process for treatment of bulk contaminated waste oil on the Sellafield site has assessed a range of options including incineration, chemical decontamination, physical decontamination and immobilization. Immobilization has proved to be a potentially useful option for oil wastestreams that fail to meet waste acceptance criteria for incineration facilities. Experimental development work has been undertaken at Sellafield during 2006 to test the suitability of an innovative technology for the solidification of waste oil with a cross section of wastestreams from the site. These trials have demonstrated that this polymer system is able to successfully immobilize a range of aged, chemically and physically diverse contaminated oil wastestreams and thus provide a potential solution to the disposal problem posed by this wastestream.