Zeitschriftenartikel: „Organická frakce“

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Kuziemska, Beata, Wiesław Wieremiej, Dawid Jaremko, Beata Bik, Joanna Trębicka und Paulina Klej. „Wpływ wapnowania i dodatku materiałów organicznych na zawartość niklu w kupkówce pospolitej oraz we frakcjach w glebie zanieczyszczonej tym pierwiastkiem / Effect of liming and addition of organic materials to the nickel content in biomass of cocksfoot and his fractions in soil contaminated with this element“. Soil Science Annual 66, Nr. 1 (01.03.2015): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0013.

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Streszczenie Badano wpływ zanieczyszczenia gleby niklem (0, 75, 150 i 225 mg Ni kg-1 gleby) na tle zróżnicowanego wapnowania (0 Ca i Ca w g 1 Hh) i materiałów organicznych (bez stosowania materiałów organicznych, słoma żytnia i węgiel brunatny z Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego Turów) na zawartość niklu w kupkówce pospolitej i frakcje tego metalu w glebie. Analizowano cztery pokosy kupkówki pospolitej zebrane w trzecim roku doświadczenia wazonowego oraz oznaczono frakcje niklu w glebie pobranej po ostatnim pokosie rośliny testowej. Zawartość niklu w roślinie oraz ogólną zawartość tego pierwiastka w glebie oznaczono metodą ICP-AES po wcześniejszej mineralizacji. Frakcje niklu w glebie oznaczono metodą frakcjonowania sekwencyjnego - BCR. Wprowadzenie do gleby niklu, niezależnie od ilości, spowodowało istotne zwiększenie jego zawartości w biomasie kupkówki pospolitej oraz w glebie we wszystkich frakcjach, przede wszystkim we frakcji wymiennej (F1). Wapnowanie gleby oraz aplikacja materiałów organicznych zmniejszyły zawartość niklu w biomasie kupkówki pospolitej oraz w glebie we frakcji wymiennej, bezpośrednio przyswajalnej przez rośliny, powodując jednocześnie zwiększenie jego udziału we frakcji rezydualnej (wapnowanie) oraz redukowalnej i utlenialnej (aplikacja materiałów organicznych).

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Koreleska, Ewa, und Andrzej Ferenc. „Functioning of “Organics Cluster” in the French National and Regional Market of Organic Food“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), Nr. 4 (29.12.2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.4.91.

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The main aim of this study is to identify a model organic food cluster situated on the territory of a selected European Union country and its operation effects. In the first part of the study a selected food market of France is characterized as a reference point of further analyses and studies. The data was obtained from French domestic reports which cover years 2007-2016. Dynamics of changes has been defined as well as the trends characteristic of the analyzed period. The method of least squares has been used. Moreover, a definition and the importance of clusters has been presented on the basis of the literature of that topic. The part of the study includes a description of functioning of a selected French organic food cluster is described and evaluated. The method of case study has been used. It has been found that in 2007-2016 the eco-sector in France has developed significantly. A distinctly rising linear trend in the number of organic farms, ecological companies, ecologically cultivated land, the size of the market and degree of French people's knowledge of organic food labels has been reported for the eco-branch in France. As many as 112 projects have been implemented in the analyzed cluster. Those projects involved innovative and export undertakings which allowed to achieve a competitive advantage on the domestic market and even abroad. Positive effects also include possibility of experience exchange and financial support particularly important for young entrepreneurs.

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Drewes, J. E., und J. P. Croue. „New approaches for structural characterization of organic matter in drinking water and wastewater effluents“. Water Supply 2, Nr. 2 (01.04.2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0039.

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The scope if this work was directed to address potential differences or similarities between natural organic matter (NOM) and effluent organic matter (EfOM) by combining operationally defined categorization protocols with state-of-the-art characterization techniques to investigate the bulk of organics in raw drinking water samples (surface and groundwater) and wastewater samples with respect to origin, size, structure, and functionality. Samples of different drinking water and wastewater prior to and after groundwater recharge from France and the U.S. were considered in this study. The physical, chemical, and biological processes that generate and modify organic compounds in natural and engineered systems share many similarities. As a result, the chemical characteristics of effluent derived and naturally derived organic compounds overlap extensively. However, the aromatic moieties present in the EfOM matrix are probably of different origin than the aromatic moieties of the NOM as indicated by a relationship we have established between SUVA and the aromatic carbon content.

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Antunović, Zvonko, Đuro Senčić, Josip Novoselec, Danijela Samac und Željka Klir. „Organic livestock in the Republic of Croatia and Europe“. Krmiva 61, Nr. 2 (20.08.2020): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/k.61.2.4.

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the situation in organic livestock farming in Croatia and Europe. In the European countries in the year 2017, around 4.5 million cattle, 5.2 million sheep, 1 million pigs and 50 million poultry were registered in organic farming. The highest share of organically registered domestic animals compared to the total population in Europe and the European Union-28 was in cattle (3.5% and 5.2%) and sheep (3.4% and 5.0%), and the lowest in pigs (0.6% and 0.7%). In Croatia the highest share is in sheep (8.57%) and the lowest in poultry (0.02%) number. The largest increase in recent ten years in the EU has been in the number of poultry (by 103%) and the smallest in the number of pigs (by 47.6%), while the increase was the number of cattle and sheep was around 76% and 74%, respectively. In Croatia organic sheep production increased the most (by 65.0%), while the number of cattle and poultry increased by 62 and 64%, and the smallest increase is in the number of pigs (by 24%). The majority of organic meat of all species of domestic animals is produced in France and in United Kingdom, while organic milk is produced mostly in Germany and France. During the year 2018, most organic beef was produced in the UK and France, organic pork in France and Finland, organic sheep meat in Spain and the UK, organic goat meat in Spain, while most of organic poultry was produced in France and in the UK. A significant increase in the number of livestock in organic farming in Europe and in Croatia indicates an increasing interest in organic livestock farming, not only increase of farmers and processors but also increase of consumers of organic products in European countries.

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Madelrieux, Sophie, und Françoise Alavoine-Mornas. „Withdrawal from organic farming in France“. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 33, Nr. 3 (11.12.2012): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0123-8.

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Mallet, C., und D. Debroas. „Relations between organic matter and bacterial proteolytic activity in sediment surface layers of a eutrophic lake (Lake Aydat, Puy de Dôme, France)“. Fundamental and Applied Limnology 145, Nr. 1 (03.05.1999): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/145/1999/39.

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Asmi, E., E. Freney, M. Hervo, D. Picard, C. Rose, A. Colomb und K. Sellegri. „Aerosol cloud activation in summer and winter at puy-de-Dôme high altitude site in France“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, Nr. 9 (06.09.2012): 23039–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-23039-2012.

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Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) size distributions and numbers were measured for the first time at Puy-de-Dôme high altitude (1465 m a.s.l) site in Central France. Majority of the measurements were done at constant supersaturation (SS) of 0.24%, which was also deduced to be representative of the typical in-cloud SS at the site. CCN numbers during summer ranged from about 200 up to 2000 cm−3 and during winter from 50 up to 3000 cm−3. Variability of CCN number was explained by both particle chemistry and size distribution variability. The higher CCN concentrations were measured in continental, in contrast to marine, air masses. Aerosol CCN activity was described with a single hygroscopicity parameter κ. Range of this parameter was 0.29 ± 0.13 in summer and 0.43 ± 0.19 in winter. When calculated using SS of 0.51% during summer, κ of 0.22 ± 0.07 was obtained. The decrease with increasing SS is likely explained by the particle size dependent chemistry with smaller particles containing higher amounts of freshly emitted organic species. Higher κ values during winter were for the most part explained by the observed aged organics (analysed from organic m/z 44 ratio) rather than from aerosol organic to inorganic volume fraction. The obtained κ values also fit well within the range of previously proposed global continental κ of 0.27 ± 0.21. During winter, the smallest κ values and the highest organic fractions were measured in marine air masses. CCN closure using bulk AMS chemistry led to positive bias of 5% and 2% in winter and summer, respectively. This is suspected to stem from size dependent aerosol organic fraction, which is underestimated by using AMS bulk mass composition. Finally, the results were combined with size distributions measured from interstitial and whole air inlets to obtain activated droplet size distributions. Cloud droplet number concentrations were shown to increase with accumulation mode particle number, while the real in-cloud SS correspondingly decreased. These results provide evidence on the effects of aerosol particles on maximum cloud supersaturations. Further work with detailed characterisation of cloud properties is proposed in order to provide more quantitative estimates on aerosol effects on clouds.

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Asmi, E., E. Freney, M. Hervo, D. Picard, C. Rose, A. Colomb und K. Sellegri. „Aerosol cloud activation in summer and winter at puy-de-Dôme high altitude site in France“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, Nr. 23 (04.12.2012): 11589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11589-2012.

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Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) size distributions and numbers were measured for the first time at Puy-de-Dôme high altitude (1465 m a.s.l) site in Central France. Majority of the measurements were done at constant supersaturation (SS) of 0.24%, which was also deduced to be representative of the typical in-cloud SS at the site. CCN numbers during summer ranged from about 200 up to 2000 cm−3 and during winter from 50 up to 3000 cm−3. Variability of CCN number was explained by both particle chemistry and size distribution variability. The higher CCN concentrations were measured in continental, in contrast to marine, air masses. Aerosol CCN activity was described with a single hygroscopicity parameter κ. Range of this parameter was 0.29 ± 0.13 in summer and 0.43 ± 0.19 in winter. When calculated using SS of 0.51% during summer, κ of 0.22 ± 0.07 was obtained. The decrease with increasing SS is likely explained by the particle size dependent chemistry with smaller particles containing higher amounts of freshly emitted organic species. Higher κ values during winter were for the most part explained by the observed aged organics (analysed from organic m/z 44 ratio) rather than from aerosol organic to inorganic volume fraction. The obtained κ values also fit well within the range of previously proposed global continental κ of 0.27 ± 0.21. During winter, the smallest κ values and the highest organic fractions were measured in marine air masses. CCN closure using bulk AMS chemistry led to positive bias of 5% and 2% in winter and summer, respectively. This is suspected to stem from size dependent aerosol organic fraction, which is underestimated by using AMS bulk mass composition. Finally, the results were combined with size distributions measured from interstitial and whole air inlets to obtain activated droplet size distributions. Cloud droplet number concentrations were shown to increase with accumulation mode particle number, while the real in-cloud SS correspondingly decreased. These results provide evidence on the effects of aerosol particles on maximum cloud supersaturations. Further work with detailed characterisation of cloud properties is proposed in order to provide more quantitative estimates on aerosol effects on clouds.

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Sinulingga, Hiskia Arapenta, Max Rudolf Muskananfola und Siti Rudiyanti. „HUBUNGAN TEKSTUR SEDIMEN DAN BAHAN ORGANIK DENGAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI HABITAT MANGROVE PANTAI TIRANG SEMARANG“. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 6, Nr. 3 (30.04.2018): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v6i3.20583.

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ABSTRAK Pantai Tirang merupakan salah satu pantai di Semarang, terletak di sebelah barat dari bandara Ahmad Yani, pantai Maron dan Muara Kali Angke di Desa Tambakrejo, Kecamatan Tugu, Kabupaten Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tekstur sedimen dan bahan organik, mengetahui nilai indeks biologi (indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominasi), dan mengetahui hubungan tekstur sedimen dan bahan organik dengan makrozoobentos di Habitat Mangrove Pantai Tirang Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: metode deskriptif (analisa lapangan dan laboratorium). Analisa lapangan di Pantai Tirang Semarang dan analisa laboratorium di Lab Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Diponegoro. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan 3 kali dengan interval waktu 2 minggu sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tektur sedimen didominasi oleh fraksi pasir berkisar 90,92-94,56% pada sampling pertama; fraksi liat 26,08 – 61,24% pada sampling kedua; fraksi liat berkisar 23,28-59,88 % pada sampling ketiga; dan Nilai bahan organik berkisar antara 1,88-5,88%. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman berkisar 0,563-1,003, indeks keseragaman berkisar 0,579-0,909, indeks dominasi berkisar 0,371-0,624 dan kelimpahan makrozoobentos berkisar antara 1995,27-5985,83 ind/m3. Jenis makrozoobentos yang mendominasi adalah dari genus Cerithidea. Hubungan tekstur sedimen dominan (fraksi clay) dan bahan organik dengan makrozoobentos: fraksi clay dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos memiliki hubungan terbalik, semakin tinggi fraksi clay maka kelimpahan makrozoobentos makin rendah dengan koefisien korelasi -0,18. Bahan organik dengan kelimpahan makrozoobentos memiliki keeratan hubungan sedang, bahan organik makin tinggi maka kelimpahan makrozoobentos meningkat. Kata Kunci : Tekstur Sedimen; bahan organik; makrozoobentos; Pantai Tirang Semarang ABSTRACT Tirang Beach is one of the beaches in Semarang located at the westside of Ahmad Yani airport, Maron Beach and the estuari of Angke River, Tambakrejo village, Tugu subdistrict, Semarang Regency. The objective of the research is to determine the sediment textures and organic matters, to know the biological indices (diversity index, uniformity index, and the dominance index), and to determine the relationship between macrozoobenthos with sediment textures and organic matter in Mangrove habitat at Tirang Beach Semarang.This study adopts a descriptive method (Field and laboratory analysis). Field analysis in Tirang Beach Semarang and laboratory analysis at the Laboratory of Fish Resources Management and Environment Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Diponegoro in Semarang. Sampling was conducted three times at intervals of 2 weeks.The results of this study shows that sediment textures is dominated by sand fraction ranged from 90,92 to 94,56% at fiirst sampling; clay fractions ranged from 26,08 to 61,24 % at second sampling; clay fraction ranged from 23,28-59,88 % at third sampling. Diversity index values ranged from 0,563 to 1,003, uniformity index ranges from 0,579 to 0,909, dominance index ranged from 0,371 to 0,624 and the abundance of macrozoobenthos from 1995.27 to 5985.83 ind/cm3. Macrozoobenthos is dominated by genus Cerithidea. Relation of sediment texture (clay fraction) and organic material with macrozoobenthos. The clay fraction and abundance of macrozoobenthos has a negative correlation, high clay concentration low macrozoobenths abundance and correlation value of -0.18. Organic matter and abundance of macrozoobenthos has a moderate correlation, high organic material high macrozoobenthos abundance and correlation value 0.73. Keywords: Sediment textures, organic matters; Macrozoobenthos; Tirang Beach Semarang

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Sousa, Alcina Maria Pereira de. „Retórica e poder: representações do discurso empresarial em textos multinodais nos media“. Organicom 5, Nr. 9 (16.12.2008): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-2593.organicom.2008.138990.

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A análise multidisciplinar de alguns excertos das revistas The Economist (de circulação internacional), e em contraste, Visão e Sábado (no espaço lusófono), visa promover uma reflexão, embora sumária, sobre a natureza da representação e do impacto do discurso empresarial e de negócios, em textos jornalísticos. Evidenciamos o recurso a estratégias linguísticas, discursivas e estilísticas frequentes, nomeadamente ao inglês como língua franca, à literariedade e à criatividade, implícitas em metáforas visuais, recorrentes em textos multimodais. Estes contribuem para o envolvimento dos leitores / cidadãos, num crescendo emocional, na construção de sentidos nos e para além dos textos no contexto discursivo e social, determinando uma forma particular de percepcionar temáticas desconhecidas em domínios interdiscursivos.

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Malmauret, L., D. Parent-Massin, J. L. Hardy und P. Verger. „Contaminants in organic and conventional foodstuffs in France“. Food Additives and Contaminants 19, Nr. 6 (Juni 2002): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030210123878.

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Dobrovolska, Olena, und José Manuel Recio Espejo. „Ukrainian organic products market: state and prospects of development“. Innovative Marketing 14, Nr. 2 (06.08.2018): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.14(2).2018.02.

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The development of the organic market in the world requires conducting a research on the problems that accompany this process. Such studies are becoming more popular and apply not only to organic products market at the global level, but also at the local level. In order to identify global problems, the state and trends of the organic products markets in the USA, Germany, France, Britain as the biggest national markets were analyzed on the basis of the data characterizing the state of organic products market in Ukraine and in the world, provided by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) and the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements (IFOAM). The research of the state and trends of the Ukrainian organic market and agricultural production development was conducted, and using the SWOT analysis methodology and the principles laid out in the PEST analysis, its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified. Within each element, social, environmental, economic and financial constituents have been grouped, providing a possibility to understand which factor is determining in terms of sustainable development. It enabled to make a conclusion that the Ukrainian market remains small in size, entailing significant risks, first of all, for producers, as its further development requires a significant all-round support from the state both from the financial point of view and from the point of view of active promotion of sustainable development ideas and education of the population on the importance of consuming quality products, taking care about their health and, as a result, contributing to the improvement of the environment.

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Wayman, Sandra, Valentine Debray, Stephen Parry, Christophe David und Matthew R. Ryan. „Perspectives on Perennial Grain Crop Production among Organic and Conventional Farmers in France and the United States“. Agriculture 9, Nr. 11 (14.11.2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9110244.

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Perennial grain crops are currently being developed, yet little is known about farmer interest in these new crops. We conducted an online survey in France and the United States to evaluate interest in perennial grains. Results show that 57% of the farmers who responded reported they were “interested” or “very interested” in growing perennial grains, whereas 41% reported they needed more information. Respondents consistently ranked “to increase or maintain farm profitability” and “to improve soil health” among the top reasons why they were interested in growing perennial grains. Reasons why farmers were interested, as well as their concerns about growing perennial grains, differed by country and farm type (i.e., conventional vs. organic). More farmers in France than in the United States ranked “to reduce labor requirements”, and more conventional farmers than organic farmers ranked “to reduce inputs” among their top reasons for their interest. Farmers were also asked about integration strategies and management. More farmers in the United States than in France and more conventional farmers than organic farmers reported that they were interested in dual-purpose perennial crops that can be harvested for both grain and forage. Results from this survey can guide future perennial grain research and development.

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Martin, M. P., M. Wattenbach, P. Smith, J. Meersmans, C. Jolivet, L. Boulonne und D. Arrouays. „Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in France“. Biogeosciences Discussions 7, Nr. 6 (18.11.2010): 8409–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-8409-2010.

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Abstract. Soil organic carbon plays a major role in the global carbon budget, and can act as a source or a sink of atmospheric carbon, whereby it can influence the course of climate change. Changes in soil organic soil stocks (SOCS) are now taken into account in international negotiations regarding climate change. Consequently, developing sampling schemes and models for estimating the spatial distribution of SOCS is a priority. The French soil monitoring network has been established on a 16 km × 16 km grid and the first sampling campaign has recently been completed, providing circa 2200 measurements of stocks of soil organic carbon, obtained through an in situ composite sampling, uniformly distributed over the French territory. We calibrated a boosted regression tree model on the observed stocks, modelling SOCS as a function of other variables such as climatic parameters, vegetation net primary productivity, soil properties and land use. The calibrated model was evaluated through cross-validation and eventually used for estimating SOCS for the whole of metropolitan France. Two other models were calibrated on forest and agricultural soils separately, in order to assess more precisely the influence of pedo-climatic variables on soil organic carbon for such soils. The boosted regression tree model showed good predictive ability, and enabled quantification of relationships between SOCS and pedo-climatic variables (plus their interactions) over the French territory. These relationship strongly depended on the land use, and more specifically differed between forest soils and cultivated soil. The total estimate of SOCS in France was 3.260 ± 0.872 PgC for the first 30 cm. It was compared to another estimate, based on the previously published European soil organic carbon and bulk density maps, of 5.303 PgC. We demonstrate that the present estimate might better represent the actual SOCS distributions of France, and consequently that the previously published approach at the European level greatly overestimates SOCS.

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Racault, Y., C. Boutin und A. Seguin. „Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience“. Water Science and Technology 31, Nr. 12 (01.06.1995): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0465.

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In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.

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Couvidat, F., Y. Kim, K. Sartelet, C. Seigneur, N. Marchand und J. Sciare. „Modeling secondary organic aerosol in an urban area: application to Paris, France“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, Nr. 9 (10.09.2012): 23471–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-23471-2012.

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Abstract. A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) model, H2O (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Organic), is evaluated over the Paris area. This model treats the formation of SOA with two kinds of surrogate species: hydrophilic species (which condense preferentially on an aqueous phase) and hydrophobic species (which condense only on an organic phase). These surrogates species are formed from the oxidation in the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by radicals (HO and NO3) and ozone. These VOC are either biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) or anthropogenic (mainly aromatic compounds). This model includes the formation of aerosols from different precursors (biogenic precursors, aromatics), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from traffic. The H2O aerosol model was incorporated into the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform and applied to the Paris area and evaluated by comparison to measurements performed during the Megapoli campaign in July 2009. The comparison to measurements in the suburbs and in the city center of Paris shows that the model gives satisfactory results for both elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). However, the model gives a peak of OC concentrations in the morning due to high emissions from traffic, which does not appear in measurements. Uncertainties in the modeled temperature, which can affect the gas-particle partitioning, in the partitioning of primary SVOC or underestimation of primary organic aerosol (POA) evaporation by the model could explain the differences between model and measurements. Moreover, using a theoretical mechanism for the oxidation of primary SVOC and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC), POA concentrations were found to be likely overestimated by models due to the use of simple partitioning constants (which do not take into account the affinity of a compound with the liquid aerosol solution) or due to the assumption that the organic aerosol solution is a one-phase ideal solution. The organic aerosol in the city center of Paris was found to be originating mostly from distant sources with only 30 to 38% due to local sources.

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Couvidat, F., Y. Kim, K. Sartelet, C. Seigneur, N. Marchand und J. Sciare. „Modeling secondary organic aerosol in an urban area: application to Paris, France“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, Nr. 2 (23.01.2013): 983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-983-2013.

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Abstract. A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) model, H2O (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Organic), is evaluated over the Paris area. This model treats the formation of SOA with two kinds of surrogate species: hydrophilic species (which condense preferentially on an aqueous phase) and hydrophobic species (which condense only on an organic phase). These surrogates species are formed from the oxidation in the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by radicals (HO and NO3) and ozone. These VOC are either biogenic (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) or anthropogenic (mainly aromatic compounds). This model includes the formation of aerosols from different precursors (biogenic precursors, aromatics), and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from traffic. The H2O aerosol model was incorporated into the Polyphemus air quality modeling platform and applied to the Paris area and evaluated by comparison to measurements performed during the Megapoli campaign in July 2009. The comparison to measurements in the suburbs and in the city center of Paris shows that the model gives satisfactory results for both elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC). However, the model gives a peak of OC concentrations in the morning due to high emissions from traffic, which does not appear in measurements. Uncertainties in the modeled temperature, which can affect the gas-particle partitioning, in the partitioning of primary SVOC or underestimation of primary organic aerosol (POA) evaporation by the model could explain the differences between model and measurements. Moreover, using a theoretical mechanism for the oxidation of primary SVOC and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC), POA concentrations were found to be likely overestimated by models due to the use of simple partitioning constants (which do not take into account the affinity of a compound with the liquid aerosol solution) or due to the assumption that the organic aerosol solution is a one-phase ideal solution. The organic aerosol in the city center of Paris was found to be originating mostly from distant sources with only 30 to 38% due to local sources.

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Martin, M. P., M. Wattenbach, P. Smith, J. Meersmans, C. Jolivet, L. Boulonne und D. Arrouays. „Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon stocks in France“. Biogeosciences 8, Nr. 5 (04.05.2011): 1053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1053-2011.

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Abstract. Soil organic carbon plays a major role in the global carbon budget, and can act as a source or a sink of atmospheric carbon, thereby possibly influencing the course of climate change. Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are now taken into account in international negotiations regarding climate change. Consequently, developing sampling schemes and models for estimating the spatial distribution of SOC stocks is a priority. The French soil monitoring network has been established on a 16 km × 16 km grid and the first sampling campaign has recently been completed, providing around 2200 measurements of stocks of soil organic carbon, obtained through an in situ composite sampling, uniformly distributed over the French territory. We calibrated a boosted regression tree model on the observed stocks, modelling SOC stocks as a function of other variables such as climatic parameters, vegetation net primary productivity, soil properties and land use. The calibrated model was evaluated through cross-validation and eventually used for estimating SOC stocks for mainland France. Two other models were calibrated on forest and agricultural soils separately, in order to assess more precisely the influence of pedo-climatic variables on SOC for such soils. The boosted regression tree model showed good predictive ability, and enabled quantification of relationships between SOC stocks and pedo-climatic variables (plus their interactions) over the French territory. These relationships strongly depended on the land use, and more specifically, differed between forest soils and cultivated soil. The total estimate of SOC stocks in France was 3.260 ± 0.872 PgC for the first 30 cm. It was compared to another estimate, based on the previously published European soil organic carbon and bulk density maps, of 5.303 PgC. We demonstrate that the present estimate might better represent the actual SOC stock distributions of France, and consequently that the previously published approach at the European level greatly overestimates SOC stocks.

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Petry, C., P. Donadieu und M. Perigord. „Landscaping implications of organic production in Poitou-Charentes, France“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 1108 (Februar 2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1108.17.

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Simon, Valérie, Laurent Dumergues, Jean-Luc Ponche und Liberto Torres. „The biogenic volatile organic compounds emission inventory in France“. Science of The Total Environment 372, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2006): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.019.

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Hofmann, P., A. Y. Huc, B. Carpentier, P. Schaeffer, P. Albrecht, B. Kelly, J. R. Maxwell, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, J. W. de Leeuw und D. Leythaeuser. „Organic matter of the Mulhouse Basin, France: a synthesis“. Organic Geochemistry 20, Nr. 8 (November 1993): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90003-t.

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Hostiou, N. „Work flexibility of organic suckler sheep farms in France“. Organic Agriculture 3, Nr. 2 (Juni 2013): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13165-013-0050-2.

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Chen, Songchao, Vera Leatitia Mulder, Gerard B. M. Heuvelink, Laura Poggio, Manon Caubet, Mercedes Román Dobarco, Christian Walter und Dominique Arrouays. „Model averaging for mapping topsoil organic carbon in France“. Geoderma 366 (Mai 2020): 114237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114237.

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Pelletier, Maud, Nathalie Bonvallot, Olivier Ramalho, Corinne Mandin, Wenjuan Wei, Gaëlle Raffy, Fabien Mercier, Olivier Blanchard, Barbara Le Bot und Philippe Glorennec. „Indoor residential exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in France“. Environment International 109 (Dezember 2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.024.

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Souillard, Rozenn, Jean-Michel Répérant, Catherine Experton, Adeline Huneau-Salaun, Jenna Coton, Loïc Balaine und Sophie Le Bouquin. „Husbandry Practices, Health, and Welfare Status of Organic Broilers in France“. Animals 9, Nr. 3 (19.03.2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9030097.

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Organic poultry production has increased sharply with growing consumer demand in the context of sustainable development. A study was conducted in 85 organic broiler flocks between 2014 and 2015 to describe the husbandry practices and the health and welfare status of organic broilers in France, and to study farming diversity by comparing independent farms (Ind farms, n = 15) with direct sales to farms working with companies (Comp farms, n = 70). Each flock was visited at 3 and 11 weeks of age to collect data on farming conditions, health disorders, and mortality. Welfare notation of 30 broilers per flock and parasitic examination of 5 broilers per flock was also performed. Findings showed significantly different farming management between Ind farms and Comp farms, with smaller flocks on the Ind farms (476 broilers/house vs. 3062 broilers/house, p < 0.01) more frequently in mobile houses. The mean mortality rate was 2.8%, mainly involving digestive disorders. Helminths were detected in 58.8% of the flocks. On average, 21.9% and 5.8% of broilers in a flock had footpad dermatitis and dirty feathers, respectively. The health and welfare characteristics of organic broilers on Ind farms vs. Comp farms were not significantly different, except dirtier feathers and more footpad dermatitis on Ind farms (19.1% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.03 and 39.6% vs. 18.1%, p = 0.02, respectively), associated with poultry housing conditions in mobile houses (p < 0.01). This study provides greater insight into farming sustainability aspects related to the husbandry practices, and the health and welfare of organic broilers in France.

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Moing, Annick, Christel Renaud, Monique Gaudillère, Philippe Raymond, Philippe Roudeillac und Béatrice Denoyes-Rothan. „Biochemical Changes during Fruit Development of Four Strawberry Cultivars“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, Nr. 4 (Juli 2001): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.4.394.

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As genetic factors affect strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) fruit development and quality, changes in metabolite concentrations were studied during fruit development of four strawberry cultivars grown in the field: three commercial cultivars (Capitola, Elsanta and Dover) and a genotype from Centre Interrégional de Recherche et d'Expérimentation de la Fraise, France (`CF1116'). Major and minor metabolites changed with development. The two strawberry cultivars with the highest starch content at early stages, `Capitola' and `Elsanta', also had the highest fruit weight at harvest. There was no correlation between strawberry weight and osmolarity. At maturity, significant differences were observed among cultivars for most of the metabolites studied. `Capitola' and `Elsanta' responded similarly for most measured variables. `CF1116' was characterized by high juice osmolarity and high sucrose, inositol, glutamine, arginine and alanine concentrations, and low citrate and malate concentrations. `Dover' was characterized by a high galactose concentration and low asparagine and alanine concentrations. Organic acid differences among cultivars appeared early during development, while differences in soluble sugars appeared during maturation. The developmental pattern of each amino acid varied among cultivars. Timing of the biochemical differences observed among cultivars provides some information on their metabolic origin.

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Freundschuh, Aaron, Jonah D. Levy, Patricia Lorcin, Alexis Spire, Steven Zdatny, Caroline Ford, Minayo Nasiali, George Ross, William Poulin-Deltour und Kathryn Kleppinger. „Book Reviews“. French Politics, Culture & Society 38, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 129–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2020.380107.

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Nicholas Hewitt, Montmartre: A Cultural History (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2017).David Spector, La Gauche, la droite, et le marché: Histoire d’une idée controversée (XIXe–XXIe siècle) (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2017)Graham M. Jones, Magic’s Reason: An Anthropology of Analogy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Minayo Nasiali, Native to the Republic: Empire, Social Citizenship, and Everyday Life in Marseille since 1945 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2016).Joseph Bohling, The Sober Revolution: Appellation Wine and the Transformation of France (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2018).Venus Bivar, Organic Resistance: The Struggle over Industrial Farming in Postwar France (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018).Todd Shepard, Sex, France, and Arab Men, 1962–1979 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017).Donald Reid, Opening the Gates: The Lip Affair, 1968–1981 (London: Verso, 2018).Bruno Perreau, Queer Theory: The French Response (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016).Oana Sabo, The Migrant Canon in Twenty-First-Century France (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2018).

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El Khorassani, Houda, P. Trebuchon, H. Bitar und O. Thomas. „A simple UV spectrophotometric procedure for the survey of industrial sewage system“. Water Science and Technology 39, Nr. 10-11 (01.05.1999): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0633.

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A simple UV spectrophotometric procedure is proposed for the survey of an industrial sewage system. Simple, fast and reliable, this technique has been first designed for natural and waste water. It is based on the assumption that any UV spectrum of a sample can be decomposed by using a set of reference spectra. The main application is the determination of specific compounds such as nitrate or anionic surfactants (expressed as DBS) or the estimation of global parameters such as COD, TOC or TSS. Another interest can be found in process control or alarm detection. Based on the UV light absorption by all unsaturated compounds and particularly anthropogenic organic matter, the method is obviously limited by the nature of organics. So, its use for industrial application needs a good knowledge of wastewater composition -and variation- for the choice of the dedicated spectra library. This paper will present the industrial application of UV spectrophotometry including the methods for the definition of the spectra libraries. Its application in the wastewater survey of a large petrochemical site, located in the South of France, is also presented.

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Łukowski, Adam, und Józefa Wiater. „THE CONTENT OF TOTAL CADMIUM AND ITS FRACTIONS IN ARABLE LAND OF THE PODLASIE PROVINCE“. Polish Journal of Soil Science 48, Nr. 1 (09.02.2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2015.48.1.31.

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The aim of this study was estimation of total cadmium content and its fractional composition in arable soils, depending on their physicochemical properties. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soil in 81 points within then Podlasie Province. The content of total cadmium in soils and its fractional composition was determined with the BCR method. It was found that the total content of cadmium was typical for uncontaminated soils and ranged from 0.11 to 1.59 mg kg-1. The percentage of acid in the soluble and exchangeable fraction fluctuated at around 10% on average. The reducible fraction comprised about 20% and oxidizable fraction 26%, on average. Most of the cadmium was in the residual fraction. The factors that influenced the fractional composition of cadmium were determined. For the very light and light soils it was mainly the content of magnesium and pH, while for medium soils it was the organic carbon and magnesium content, content of soil fraction <0.02 mm, as well as the percentage of Cd in reducible fraction. Celem pracy było określenie zawartości ogólnej kadmu i jego składu frakcyjnego w glebach ornych w zależności od ich właściwości fizykochemicznych. Badania wykonano w oparciu o 81 próbek gleb uprawnych pobranych w woj. podlaskim. Określono w nich zawartość ogólną kadmu i jego skład frakcyjny metodą BCR. Zawartość ogólna kadmu była typowa dla gleb niezanieczyszczonych i wahała się w przedziale od 0,11 do 1,59 mg kg-1. Udział kadmu we frakcji rozpuszczalnej w kwasach i wymienialnej wynosił średnio około 10%, we frakcji redukowalnej średnio około 20% i we frakcji utlenialnej średnio 26%. Najwięcej kadmu zgromadziła frakcja rezydualna. Określono czynniki, które wpływały na dystrybucję kadmu pomiędzy frakcjami. W przypadku gleb bardzo lekkich i lekkich największy wpływ miała zawartość magnezu i pH, a w przypadku gleb średnich zawartość magnezu, węgla organicznego, frakcji spławianych i udział procentowy kadmu we frakcji redukowalnej.

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V. Markhgeym, Marina, Goar G. Zagaynova, Alla N. Gutorova, Aleksej N. Nifanov und Evgeniy E. Tonkov. „CONSTITUTIONAL EXPERIMENT: REGULATORY APPROACHES IN FRANCE AND SPAIN“. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, Nr. 5 (01.11.2019): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75118.

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Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of the constitutional experiment features in France and Spain. The author analyzes the regulations, including the constitutions and laws of both France and Spain. It also provides the analysis of constitutional regulation methods in these countries. Methodology: The methodological basis of the study was the set of scientific knowledge leading methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis are widely used among general scientific ones, formal legal and comparative legal methods are among private scientific ones. Result: The analysis of approaches to the formalization of the constitutional-legal experiment on the example of two European countries - France and Spain - showed the difference in corresponding models and levels. France developed the system of the state constitutional legal experiment regulation at the level of the Constitution and other legal acts (organic law, regulations, etc.), taking into account the corrective law-enforcement practice of constitutional control body - the Constitutional Council. The implementation of constitutional legal experiments in France was associated with the decentralization of power, the activities of public scientific and cultural institutions, criminal justice, social policy, etc. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Constitutional Experiment: Regulatory Approaches in France and Spain is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

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Ermadani, Ermadani, Hermansah Hermansah, Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita und Auzar Syarif. „DYNAMICS OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON FRACTIONS UNDER DIFFERENT LAND MANAGEMENT IN WET TROPICAL AREAS“. Jurnal Solum 15, Nr. 1 (02.01.2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsolum.15.1.26-39.2018.

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Karbon (C) organik tanah yang merupakan bagian utama dari bahan organik tanah mengalami penurunan sebagai akibat perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dari kondisi alami menjadi lahan-lahan pertanian. Penurunan C organik tanah menjadi semakin besar karena masukan bahan organik yang rendah dan bila penurunan ini. berlangsung terus menerus maka pada akhirnya menyebabkan degradasi tanah. Artikel ini membahas peranan, dekomposisi dan struktur dari bahan organik tanah dalam hubungannya dengan dinamika fraksi C organik tanah pada pengelolaan lahan yang berbeda di daerah tropis basah. Perubahan penggunaan dan pengelolaan lahan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan C organik total dan fraksi-fraksi C organik labil dan stabil tanah. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa fraksi C organik labil seperti C organik partikulat lebih responsif terhadap perubahan-perubahan dari pengelolaan tanah dan merupakan suatu indikator yang sensitif dari kualitas tanah. Disamping itu fraksi C organik stabil seperti asam humat yang mengalami perubahan karena praktek-praktek pengelolaan tanah dapat digunakan untuk menilai kapasitas potensial tanah sebagai penyimpan karbon. Perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pengelolaan tanah mempunyai pengaruh negatif dan positif terhadap C organik total, fraksi C organik labil (C organik partikulat) dan fraksi C organik stabil (asam humat). Praktek-praktek pengelolaan yang dapat mempertahankan dan memperbaiki fraksi-fraksi C organik tanah meliputi sistem agroforestri, aplikasi pupuk organik, mulsa dan pengembalian sisa tanaman ke dalam tanah. Fraksi C organik partikulat dan asam humat menunjukkan perubahan-perubahan yang lebih besar dibandingkan C organik total akibat perubahan-perubahan penggunaan lahan dan praktek-praktek pengelolaan tanah di daerah tropis basah.Key words : Fraksi C organik, penggunaan lahan, tropis basah

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Merot, Anne, und Nathalie Smits. „Does Conversion to Organic Farming Impact Vineyards Yield? A Diachronic Study in Southeastern France“. Agronomy 10, Nr. 11 (22.10.2020): 1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111626.

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Given the need to reduce pesticide use and rising consumer demand for healthy food, organic vineyard areas have increased since 2000. Converting to organic farming requires numerous changes in pest and disease management, fertilization and weeding techniques. These changes can lead to difficulties in sustaining yields. Some studies have highlighted higher yields in conventional farming than in organic agriculture, but knowledge on yield dynamics during conversion is lacking. A set of 26 plots, under conventional management and in conversion to organic farming, were monitored from 2013 to 2016 in southern France throughout the three-year conversion phase to investigate the dynamics of grape yield and yield components. The survey showed that the yield and yield components remained similar levels as in conventional farming from the third year of conversion. However, the first two years of conversion were a transitional and less successful period during which yield and yield components decreased. Based on the in-depth analysis of the yield components, we have put forwards hypotheses on the processes at play and technical advice that could support winegrowers as they convert to organic farming.

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Нerasymenko, Y. S., V. O. Velieva und R. M. Ostapenko. „Strategic Directions of Forming a State Mechanism to Stimulate the Development of Environmentally Sensitive Agribusiness“. PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, Nr. 46 (2020): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-364-375.

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The purpose of the article is to develop conceptual foundations for the formation of a state mechanism to stimulate the development of environmentally sensitive agribusiness in Ukraine. It is emphasized that organic production in other countries receives significant state support. In addition, farmers view growing organic products as a factor that reduces risks and stabilizes prices for end products. Still, every country has its own specific features of providing state support. In some regions of France, subsidies can be obtained to cover the costs for certification and inspection, whose volume also varies from region to region. In addition to subsidies, producers of organic agricultural products can also apply for a tax credit. France has a method that compensates for the farmers’ losses from their transition to organic production, both in terms of individual costs and the profit margin. In the United States, the Agricultural Services Agency (FSA) funds the conversion of a farm to organic production and reimburses all the expenses associated with that production. Specific examples of state support for organic production in China, Thailand, Sri Lanka are given. In Ukraine, state support for environmentally friendly production is suggested to be grounded on three key blocks. Firstly, it should expand the demand and thus support consumers. Secondly, the state should design a support mechanism for producers. Thirdly, a separate set of issues should include strategic measures to shape the image of organic products in the market. For each set, specific measures have been identified that can be implemented by the government. It is suggested to divide ecologically oriented products into two groups: green products, which are produced without using chemicals; and certified organic products. The necessity to develop green tourism in Ukraine is also emphasized.

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Mallet, Marc D., Barbara D'Anna, Aurélie Même, Maria Chiara Bove, Federico Cassola, Giandomenico Pace, Karine Desboeufs et al. „Summertime surface PM1 aerosol composition and size by source region at the Lampedusa island in the central Mediterranean Sea“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, Nr. 17 (03.09.2019): 11123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11123-2019.

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Abstract. Measurements of aerosol composition and size distributions were taken during the summer of 2013 at the remote island of Lampedusa in the southern central Mediterranean Sea. These measurements were part of the ChArMEx/ADRIMED (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate) framework and took place during Special Observation Period 1a (SOP-1a) from 11 June to 5 July 2013. From compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (cToF-AMS) measurements in the size range below 1 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM1), particles were predominately comprised of ammonium and sulfate. On average, ammonium sulfate contributed 63 % to the non-refractory PM1 mass, followed by organics (33 %). The organic aerosol was generally very highly oxidized (f44 values were typically between 0.25 and 0.26). The contribution of ammonium sulfate was generally higher than organic aerosol in comparison to measurements taken in the western Mediterranean but is consistent with studies undertaken in the eastern basin. Source apportionment of organics using a statistical (positive matrix factorization) model revealed four factors: a hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), a methanesulfonic-acid-related oxygenated organic aerosol (MSA-OOA), a more oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (MO-OOA) and a less oxidized oxygenated organic aerosol (LO-OOA). The MO-OOA was the dominant factor for most of the campaign (53 % of the PM1 OA mass). It was well correlated with SO42-, highly oxidized and generally more dominant during easterly air masses originating from the eastern Mediterranean and central Europe. The LO-OOA factor had a very similar composition to the MO-OOA factor but was more prevalent during westerly winds, with air masses originating from the Atlantic Ocean, the western Mediterranean and at high altitudes over France and Spain from mistral winds. The MSA-OOA factor contributed an average 12 % to the PM1 OA and was more dominant during the mistral winds. The HOA, representing observed primary organic aerosol, only contributed 8 % of the average PM1 OA during the campaign. Even though Lampedusa is one of the most remote sites in the Mediterranean, PM1 concentrations (10 ± 5 µg m−3) were comparable to those observed in coastal cities and sites closer to continental Europe. Cleaner conditions corresponded to higher wind speeds. Nucleation and growth of new aerosol particles was observed during periods of north-westerly winds. From a climatology analysis from 1999 to 2012, these periods were much more prevalent during the measurement campaign than during the preceding 13 years. These results support previous findings that highlight the importance of different large-scale synoptic conditions in determining the regional and local aerosol composition and oxidation and also suggest that a non-polluted surface atmosphere over the Mediterranean is rare.

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Sablayrolles, C., A. Breton, C. Vialle, C. Vignoles und M. Montréjaud-Vignoles. „Priority organic pollutants in the urban water cycle (Toulouse, France)“. Water Science and Technology 64, Nr. 3 (01.08.2011): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.580.

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Application of the European Water Framework Directive requires Member States to have better understanding of the quality of surface waters in order to improve knowledge of priority pollutants. Xenobiotics in urban receiving waters are an emerging concern. This study proposes a screening campaign of nine molecular species of xenobiotics in a separated sewer system. Five sites were investigated over one year in Toulouse (France) using quantitative monitoring. For each sample, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, nonylphenols, diethelhexylphthalate, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, methyl tert-butylether, total hydrocarbons, estradiol and ethinylestradiol were analysed. Ground, rain and roof collected water concentrations are similar to treated wastewater levels. Run-off water was the most polluted of the five types investigated, discharged into the aquatic environment. The wastewater treatment plant reduced xenobiotic concentrations by 66% before discharge into the environment. Regarding environmental quality standards, observed concentrations in waters were in compliance with standards. The results show that xenobiotic concentrations are variable over time and space in all urban water compartments.

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Smith, Andrew W. M. „Organic Resistance: The Struggle over Industrial Farming in Postwar France“. French History 32, Nr. 4 (03.10.2018): 617–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/cry083.

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Miller, Stephen. „Organic resistance: the struggle over industrial farming in Postwar France“. Modern & Contemporary France 28, Nr. 3 (25.05.2020): 345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2020.1769044.

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Whited, Tamara L. „Organic resistance: the struggle over industrial farming in postwar France“. Sixties 11, Nr. 2 (03.07.2018): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17541328.2018.1532168.

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Giot, Pierre-Roland, Dominique Marguerie und Hervé Morzadec. „About the age of the oldest passage-graves in western Brittany“. Antiquity 68, Nr. 260 (September 1994): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0004713x.

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The acid rocks and soils of northwest France are not kind to preservation of organic material. Radiocarbon dating has mostly depended on charcoal, for want of a better dating medium that survives. In Brittany, Finistère can sometimes contribute to the dating of early passage-graves from human bones.

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Hadlich, Gisele Mara, und José Martin Ucha. „Distribution of cadmium in a cultivated soil in Britanny, France“. Scientia Agricola 67, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2010): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000600017.

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Cadmium (Cd) can be potentially toxic to the environment, and its bioavailability is related to the chemical forms it occurs in the soils. The distribution of Cd into the solid phase and its availability was investigated in a cultivated soil in Britanny, France. Cd sequential extraction was performed using a modified Tessier's sequential extraction protocol. Total content of Cd (n = 22 samples) ranged from 0.13 to 0.37 mg kg¹. Long term history of organic and mineral fertilizers application increased Cd concentration in the surface horizon. The fate of Cd was correlated with soil available P2O5 concentration and pH. The regression analysis (linear and non-linear) and Principal Component Analysis revealed the synergistic effect of P2O5 in the retention of Cd in cultivated soils. The following fractions' sequence was observed: bounded to Fe and Al oxides + phosphates > exchangeable > bound to organic matter » residual fraction.

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Sans, Pierre, und Christine Boizot-Szantaï. „Consumption of organic meat products in France: An analysis based on panel data (scanner dataset)“. New Medit 19, Nr. 1 (10.04.2020): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/nm2001f.

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The consumption of organic meat products has been characterized using the Kantar Worldpanel data col-lected from 2012 to 2014. Based on the price of the total quantity purchased and the amount spent on each purchase, several indicators were calculated and their values compared between organic households (OHs) and nonorganic households (NOHs). OHs were characterized according to sociodemographic and attitudi-nal variables. Finally, a logit model was constructed to determine the likelihood of belonging to the organic household category. Consumption is low in terms of the proportion of households that purchase organic meat (O-ME) and meat products (O-MPs), the average quantity purchased per year and per purchasing household (2 kg and 0.9 kg respectively), and purchasing frequency. These values are below those reported by questionnaire surveys which can be attributed to an attitude-behavior gap. The main organic meat prod-ucts purchased are bovine meat and pork processed products. Moreover, being part of a family with children and living in a big city increase the probability of purchasing O-ME and O-MPs. ,

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Freney, E. J., K. Sellegri, F. Canonaco, J. Boulon, M. Hervo, R. Weigel, J. M. Pichon, A. Colomb, A. S. H. Prévôt und P. Laj. „Seasonal variations in aerosol particle composition at the puy-de-Dôme research station in France“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, Nr. 24 (21.12.2011): 13047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-13047-2011.

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Abstract. Detailed investigations of the chemical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles were performed at the puy-de-Dôme (pdD) research station (1465 m) in autumn (September and October 2008), winter (February and March 2009), and summer (June 2010) using a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS). Over the three campaigns, the average mass concentrations of the non-refractory submicron particles ranged from 10 μg m−3 up to 27 μg m−3. Highest nitrate and ammonium mass concentrations were measured during the winter and during periods when marine modified airmasses were arriving at the site, whereas highest concentrations of organic particles were measured during the summer and during periods when continental airmasses arrived at the site. The measurements reported in this paper show that atmospheric particle composition is strongly influenced by both the season and the origin of the airmass. The total organic mass spectra were analysed using positive matrix factorisation to separate individual organic components contributing to the overall organic particle mass concentrations. These organic components include a low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol particle (LV-OOA) and a semi-volatile organic aerosol particle (SV-OOA). Correlations of the LV-OOA components with fragments of m/z 60 and m/z 73 (mass spectral markers of wood burning) during the winter campaign suggest that wintertime LV-OOA are related to aged biomass burning emissions, whereas organic aerosol particles measured during the summer are likely linked to biogenic sources. Equivalent potential temperature calculations, gas-phase, and LIDAR measurements define whether the research site is in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) or in the free troposphere (FT)/residual layer (RL). We observe that SV-OOA and nitrate particles are associated with air masses arriving from the PBL where as particle composition measured from RL/FT airmasses contain high mass fractions of sulphate and LV-OOA. This study provides unique insights into the effects of season and airmass variability on regional aerosol particles measured at an elevated site.

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Reverdy, A. L., E. Dieudé-Fauvel, V. Ferstler und J. C. Baudez. „Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: overview of the French situation“. Water Practice and Technology 8, Nr. 2 (01.06.2013): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.020.

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Following the French environmental national debate, called ‘Grenelle de l'Environnement’ and according to the Kyoto Protocol, France looks at increasing its production of renewable energies, among them biogas production from organic wastes and more specifically from sewage sludge. A quick survey of official data shows that in 2009, sludge biogas only represented 0.93% of the total renewable electricity production, far from the situation in the neighbourhood countries. To understand this situation, this article aims at inventorying sludge anaerobic digestion process, in Europe then more precisely in France. The different technologies used to perform anaerobic digestion process have been investigated, including the type of waste, pre-treatments, digester specificities, mixing and heating systems. In France, a survey has been realised to determine the situation for wastewater treatments plants bigger than 30,000 equivalent inhabitants. Mesophilic digestion in a constantly mixed reactor is mainly used. Moreover, some plants have given specific details about the cost of the process or its efficiency. These results are discussed.

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Brągiel, Elżbieta, und Bogusław Ślusarczyk. „Tendencje na europejskim rynku żywności ekologicznej“. Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), Nr. 3 (30.09.2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.3.50.

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The aim of the article is to analyze the size of sales, consumption of organic products and trends observed on the organic food market in individual European countries – especially in the EU. The basis for the analysis was IFOAM and FIBL data from the years 2000-2015, as well as foreign and domestic literature of the subject. The following final conclusions were drawn: a greater increase in the volume of sales of organic products over the determined fifteen years is observed in Europe than in the group of countries in the European Union. The highest sale of organic products in 2014 and 2015 was achieved by Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy and Switzerland. Over the years 2005-2014, the difference in expenditure on organic food per capita in the EU in comparison to the whole of Europe has grown every single year. Taking into account the growing share of organic products in the consumption structure of modern societies, extensive research on this subject should be conducted.

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Scanni, Francesco Maria, und Francesco Compolongo. „Hegemony, Crisis and Bonapartism in Italy, Spain and France“. Theoria 67, Nr. 163 (01.06.2020): 52–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2020.6716303.

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The 2008 crisis and economic transformations (globalisation and financialisation) fuelled significant political phenomena, such as a deep distrust of politics, electoral volatility and the decline of bipolarity and/or bipartisanship in the face of growing outsider party affirmation. In this context, the dialectical model of the Gramscian ‘social totality’ provides an analytical tool capable of analysing those ‘transition’ phases characterised by a fracturing ‘dominant historical bloc’, in itself a precursor to an organic crisis of traditional political parties’ separation of social classes.

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Nagatomo, Haruna. „INTERLEC 16: Peaceful Meeting in France“. Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology 7, Nr. 37 (1995): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4052/tigg.7.453.

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David, Christophe, Patrick Mundler, Olivier Demarle und Stéphane Ingrand. „Long-term strategies and flexibility of organic farmers in southeastern France“. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 8, Nr. 4 (November 2010): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/ijas.2010.0497.

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Latruffe, L., und C. Nauges. „Technical efficiency and conversion to organic farming: the case of France“. European Review of Agricultural Economics 41, Nr. 2 (23.09.2013): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbt024.

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El Haddad, Imad, Nicolas Marchand, Julien Dron, Brice Temime-Roussel, Etienne Quivet, Henri Wortham, Jean Luc Jaffrezo et al. „Comprehensive primary particulate organic characterization of vehicular exhaust emissions in France“. Atmospheric Environment 43, Nr. 39 (Dezember 2009): 6190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.001.

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Gatellier, Jean-Pierre, und Jean-Robert Disnar. „Organic matter and gold-ore association in a hydrothermal deposit, France“. Applied Geochemistry 4, Nr. 2 (März 1989): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(89)90045-0.

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