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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Organic Synthessis“

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Veröffentlicht am 20. Juli 2024

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1

Dai, Mingji, Xinpei Cai und Yu Bai. „Total Syntheses of Spinosyn A“. Synlett 29, Nr. 20 (07.09.2018): 2623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610249.

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Spinosyn A is an important polycyclic natural product with impressive insecticidal activity and has been used worldwide in agriculture as the major component of Spinosad. Herein, four chemical total syntheses of spinosyn A are summarized. Its biosynthesis and a chemoenzymatic total synthesis are discussed as well.1 Biosynthesis2 The Evans Synthesis3 The Paquette Synthesis4 The Roush Synthesis5 The Liu Synthesis6 The Dai Synthesis7 Conclusions

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2

Trofimov, B. A., und E. Yu Schmidt. „SUPERBASES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS“. Chemical Problems 20, Nr. 4 (2022): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-325-340.

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In this concise review, an emphasis is laid on the important role of superbases as catalysts and reagents in organic synthesis that so far remain underestimated. Diverse approaches to understand the superbasicity phenomenon are considered and the definition of superbase is given. Typical compositions of most widespread superbase systems are systematized and tabulated. The representative classic organic reactions assisted by superbases are surveyed.

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3

Huang, Jianhui, Caifeng Li, Liu Liu und Xuegang Fu. „Norbornene in Organic Synthesis“. Synthesis 50, Nr. 15 (25.06.2018): 2799–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610143.

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The norbornene skeleton possesses an alkene functionality with a fixed conformation, and represents unique reactivity. The use of norbornene and analogues as substrates is overviewed; reactivities are discussed as well as the role of norbornenes as ligands assisting modern organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornenes2.1 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes by Deprotonation and Substitution Reactions2.2 Preparation of Functionalized Norbornenes under Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction Conditions2.3 Alkylation of Norbornene2.4 Multistep Synthesis3 Synthesis of Substituted Norbornanes3.1 Three-Membered-Ring Formation3.2 Formation of Four-Membered Rings3.3 Five- and Six-Membered Ring Formation3.4 Syntheses of Difunctionalized Norbornanes4 Synthesis of Cyclopentanes4.1 Oxidation Reactions4.2 Ring-Opening Cross Metathesis (ROCM)4.3 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)4.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Norbornene5 Norbornene-Mediated Reactions5.1 Palladium Insertion into Carbon–Halide Bonds5.2 Palladium Insertion into N–H and C–H Bonds5.3 Norbornene as Ligand in Mediated Reactions6 Conclusion

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4

Tatrishvili, Tamara, und Omar Mukbaniani. „Cyclic Silicon Organic Copolymers: Synthesis and Investigation. Review“. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 18, Nr. 2 (14.06.2024): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht18.02.131.

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This paper considers the synthesis and investigation of cyclic silicon-organic polymers with mono- and polycyclic fragments in the side chain. For obtaining monocyclic polymers, the hydrosilylation reaction of 1-hydro-3-vinylhexamethylcyclotetrasiloxane was used. The reaction was conducted in a CCl4 solution at 75°C in the presence of Speier’s catalyst (H2PtCl6  6H2O) to produce a viscous-flow at room temperature polymer. The polymers were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Poly(carbosiloxane) with cyclic fragments in the methyl-siloxane backbone was synthesized by the hydride polyaddition of divinylorganocyclosiloxane with dihydrodimethylsiloxane. A semi-quantitative assessment conducted using NMR spectroscopy revealed the ratio of isomeric 1,3- and 1,5-cyclic structures as 1:1. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that copolymers are single-phase amorphous systems. Also, in the review, synthesis and studies of carbosiloxane copolymers containing flexible dimethylsiloxane and decaorganotricyclodecasiloxane fragments in the backbone are discussed. Hydride polyaddition of divinyl-containing compounds was carried out for -dihydridedimethylsiloxanes of various lengths. The synthesized copolymers were characterized by the X-ray diffraction method and TGA.

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5

Chabukswar, Vasant, Sanjay Bhavsar und Amit Horne. „Organic Synthesis and Characterization of Electrically Conducting Poly(o-Toluidine) Doped with Organic Acid“. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, Nr. 1 (15.03.2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.01.037.

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6

Fang, Zhang, und Yu Yang. „Research Progress of Application of Porous Polymer in Energy Storage“. Advanced Materials Research 621 (Dezember 2012): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.27.

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Nowadays, one of the research emphases in clean energy field is to apply porous polymer as energy storage media to capture and save abundant energy. Researches in this area focus on theoretical methods and syntheses of new materials. Researches on theoretical methods include investigations on mechanical strength, characteristic of heat and mass transfer, internal structure and hydrophilicity of materials using mathematical, physical and chemical methods. Syntheses of new materials include synthesis of porous carbon and porous metal organic frameworks materials and construction of battery structure use polymer organics as matrix.

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7

Yevchuk, Iryna, Oksana Demchyna, Viktoriya Kochubey, Hanna Romaniuk und Zenoviya Koval. „Synthesis and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Membranes Containing Sulphogroups“. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 7, Nr. 1 (10.03.2013): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht07.01.089.

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8

García-Perulero, I., S. Murcia-Mascarós, J. Rubio und J. L. Oteo. „Síntesis y caracterización de materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos de APS/PDMS“. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 42, Nr. 6 (30.12.2003): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2003.v42.i6.627.

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9

Sharma, Upendra, Inder Kumar und Rakesh Kumar. „Recent Advances in the Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles via C–H Activation/Functionalization“. Synthesis 50, Nr. 14 (28.05.2018): 2655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609733.

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Indole is an important heterocyclic motif that occurs ubiquitously in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Immense efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of indoles starting from the Fisher indole synthesis to the recently developed C–H activation/functionalization-based methods. Herein, we have reviewed the progress made on the regioselective synthesis of functionalized indoles, including 2-substituted, 3-substituted and 2,3-disusbstituted indoles, since the year 2010.1 Introduction2 Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles3 Metal-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles4 Metal-Free Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles5 Metal-Catalyzed 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis5.1 Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis5.2 Metal-Catalyzed Intermolecular 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6 Metal-Free 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6.1 N-Protected 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis6.2 N-Unprotected 2,3-Disubstituted Indole Synthesis7 Applications8 Summary and Outlook

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10

Wang, Yi, Han Ding und Ge Ging Xu. „Computer Aided Organic Synthesis Based on Graph Grammars“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.227.

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Traditionally, computer aided organic synthesis is based on the one-dimensional string model that employs string grammars to tackle the structure of molecular; the processing of organic reactions, and the establishment of the knowledge bases and file systems. Because of the limitations of one-dimensional method for tackling two-dimensional issues like organic syntheses, this paper presents a method for computer aided organic synthesis based on two-dimensional graph grammars. The method could apply the basic principle of the graph grammars to effectively and efficiently solve organic synthesis problems.

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11

Giannis, Athanassios, Farnoush Mousavizadeh und Daniel Meyer. „Synthesis of C-Nor-D-homo-steroidal Alkaloids and Their Derivatives“. Synthesis 50, Nr. 08 (21.03.2018): 1587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591965.

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The C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloid cyclopamine was discovered in the 1969 and in 2000 it was shown to act as an inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway, which is aberrantly activated in some tumors. Subsequently it was revealed that this natural occurring alkaloid has also antidiabetic and antiviral properties. In this review we present syntheses of selected C-nor-D-homo-steroidal alkaloids and their analogues and also discuss a general access to C-nor-D-homo-steroids. Some historical as well as biomedical aspects are also presented.1 Introduction2 Total Synthesis of Cyclopamine2.1 Synthesis of exo-Cyclopamine and Further Cyclopamine Analogues2.2 Synthesis of a Carbacyclopamine Analogue3 D-Homocyclopamine: Saridegib (IPI-926)4 Synthesis of Nakiterpiosin5 Lewis Acid Mediated Nazarov Cyclization as a Versatile Method for C-Nor-D-homo-steroid Synthesis6 Conclusion

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12

Zafar, Ayesha, China Takeda, Asif Manzoor, Daiki Tanaka, Masashi Kobayashi, Yoshitora Wadayama, Daisuke Nakane, Adnan Majeed, Muhammad Adnan Iqbal und Takashiro Akitsu. „Towards Industrially Important Applications of Enhanced Organic Reactions by Microfluidic Systems“. Molecules 29, Nr. 2 (13.01.2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020398.

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This review presents a comprehensive evaluation for the manufacture of organic molecules via efficient microfluidic synthesis. Microfluidic systems provide considerably higher control over the growth, nucleation, and reaction conditions compared with traditional large-scale synthetic methods. Microfluidic synthesis has become a crucial technique for the quick, affordable, and efficient manufacture of organic and organometallic compounds with complicated characteristics and functions. Therefore, a unique, straightforward flow synthetic methodology can be developed to conduct organic syntheses and improve their efficiency.

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13

Navrotsky, Alexandra, Richard Hervig, James Lyons, Dong-Kyun Seo, Everett Shock und Albert Voskanyan. „Cooperative formation of porous silica and peptides on the prebiotic Earth“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 2 (29.12.2020): e2021117118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021117118.

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Modern technology has perfected the synthesis of catalysts such as zeolites and mesoporous silicas using organic structure directing agents (SDA) and their industrial use to catalyze a large variety of organic reactions within their pores. We suggest that early in prebiotic evolution, synergistic interplay arose between organic species in aqueous solution and silica formed from rocks by dynamic dissolution–recrystallization. The natural organics, for example, amino acids, small peptides, and fatty acids, acted as SDA for assembly of functional porous silica structures that induced further polymerization of amino acids and peptides, as well as other organic reactions. Positive feedback between synthesis and catalysis in the silica–organic system may have accelerated the early stages of abiotic evolution by increasing the formation of polymerized species.

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14

Pasek, Matthew A. „Implications of extraterrestrial material on the origin of life“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316005731.

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AbstractMeteoritic organic material may provide the best perspective on prebiotic chemistry. Meteorites have also been invoked as a source of prebiotic material. This study suggests a caveat to extraterrestrial organic delivery: that prebiotic meteoritic organics were too dilute to promote prebiotic reactions. However, meteoritic material provides building material for endogenous synthesis of prebiotic molecules, such as by hydrolysis of extraterrestrial organic tars, and corrosion of phosphide minerals.

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15

C.Dhivya, C. Dhivya, S. Anbu Anjugam Vandarkuzhali und R. Santhi N. Radha. „Synthesis and Characterisation of Polyaniline Using Picric Acid as an Organic Dopant“. Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, Nr. 6 (01.10.2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/22.

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16

T. P., Pirog. „TECHNOLOGIES OF SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES BY MICROORGANISMS USING WASTE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION“. Biotechnologia Acta 8, Nr. 3 (Juni 2015): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech8.03.009.

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17

Elgemeie, Galal H., und Doaa M. Masoud. „Recent trends in microwave assisted synthesis of fluorescent dyes“. Pigment & Resin Technology 45, Nr. 6 (07.11.2016): 381–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2015-0036.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the most popular technique nowadays, the use of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis; in a few years, most chemists will use microwave energy to heat chemical reactions on a laboratory scale. Also, many scientists use microwave technology in the industry. They have turned to microwave synthesis as a frontline methodology for their projects. Microwave and microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has emerged as a new “lead” in organic synthesis. Design/methodology/approach Using microwave radiation for synthesis and design of fluorescent dyes is of great interest, as it decreases the time required for synthesis and the synthesized dyes can be applied to industrial scale. Findings The technique offers many advantages, as it is simple, clean, fast, efficient and economical for the synthesis of a large number of organic compounds. These advantages encourage many chemists to switch from the traditional heating method to microwave-assisted chemistry. Practical implications This review highlights applications of microwave chemistry in organic synthesis for fluorescent dyes. Fluorescents are a fairly new and very heavily used class of organics. These materials have many applications, as a penetrant liquid for crack detection, synthetic resins, plastics, printing inks, non-destructive testing and sports ball dyeing. Originality/value The aim value of this review is to define the scope and limitation of microwave synthesis procedures for the synthesis of novel fluorescent dyes via a simple and economic way.

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18

Pombal, Sofia, Alejandro M. Roncero, Ignacio E. Tobal, Nieves García, Lúcia Silva, David Diez, Eily Mondolis et al. „Antioxidant Activity of New Carvone Derivatives“. Natural Product Communications 15, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 1934578X2090808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20908081.

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Carvone is one of the most versatile synthons in organic synthesis. It has been used as starting material for a huge number of organic syntheses of natural products with interesting biological activities. This manuscript communicates the antioxidant activity against superoxide of carvone and several derivatives.

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19

Ali Bawa, Ramadan. „Synthesis of Some Organic Ammonium Formate Salts and Study of Their Antifungal Properties“. Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 11, Nr. 4 (05.10.2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/257.

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This work is concerned with the preparation of a number of organic ammonium formate salts (or ionic liquids; ILs) throughout a reaction between the formic acid and some aliphatic and aromatic amines including the ammonia. Five organic ammonium formate salts were formed, some of them were in the form of solid salts and others were as the ionic liquids (ILs) at room temperature. The yields of the prepared organic salts ranged from (21%) to (79%). However, some attempts towards the preparation of other fifteen organic salts were not successful. The resulting five organic ammonium formate salts/ionic liquids were characterized using a number of spectroscopic techniques such as the infrared (IR), the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) and the mass spectrometry (ms). The collected spectroscopic data confirmed the formation of theses organic ammonium formate salts. The antifungal properties of the prepared organic ammonium formate salts were investigated against the aspergillus niger (A. niger), and the antifungal results were compared with the antifungal effect of the commercially available antifungal agent Daktarin, which was used as a reference in this study.

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Lobzhanidze, Tea. „Synthesis, Study and Use of New Type Biologically Active Arsenic-Organic Complex Compounds“. Chemistry & Chemical Technology 6, Nr. 4 (20.12.2012): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.04.371.

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21

Muldakhmetov, Z. М. „Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry: the present state and development prospects“. Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Chemistry" series 94, Nr. 2 (28.06.2019): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2019ch2/88-104.

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22

Reeves, Eoghan P., und Jens Fiebig. „Abiotic Synthesis of Methane and Organic Compounds in Earth’s Lithosphere“. Elements 16, Nr. 1 (01.02.2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.16.1.25.

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Accumulation of molecular hydrogen in geologic systems can create conditions energetically favorable to transform inorganic carbon into methane and other organic compounds. Although hydrocarbons with a potentially abiotic origin have been proposed to form in a number of crustal settings, the ubiquitous presence of organic compounds derived from biological organic matter presents a challenge for unambiguously identifying abiotic organic molecules. In recent years, extensive analysis of methane and other organics in diverse geologic fluids, combined with novel isotope analyses and laboratory simulations, have, however, yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules in Earth’s lithosphere and the likely conditions and pathways under which they form.

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23

Gueyrard, David. „Extension of the Modified Julia Olefination on Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Scope and Applications“. Synlett 29, Nr. 01 (16.10.2017): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1590916.

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This account relates our work in the field of modified Julia olefination to extend this very useful olefination method to carboxylic acid derivatives. Since our preliminary results on lactones in 2005, the reaction has been extended to a large range of derivatives (lactams, imides and anhydrides) through an intra- or intermolecular process leading to a great variety of structures (enol ethers, enamides and exo enol esters). This article will also focus on the application of this methodology for the preparation of biologically interesting compounds and/or total syntheses of natural products such as C-disaccharide, bistramide A, jaspine B and maculalactone B.1 Introduction2 Modified Julia Olefination on Lactones2.1 Methylene Enol Ether Synthesis2.2 Substituted Enol Ether Synthesis2.3 Monofluorinated Enol Ether Synthesis2.4 Difluorinated Enol Ether Synthesis3 Applications3.1 Spiroketal Synthesis3.2 Spirocompound Synthesis3.3 Pseudodisaccharide Synthesis3.4 Total Synthesis of Jaspine B4 Modified Julia Olefination on Other Carboxylic Acid Derivatives4.1 Lactam Olefination and Spiroaminal Synthesis4.2 Bicyclic Enamide Synthesis by Intramolecular Modified Julia Olefination on Imides4.3 Modified Julia Olefination on Anhydrides5 Conclusion

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Steele, A., L. G. Benning, R. Wirth, A. Schreiber, T. Araki, F. M. McCubbin, M. D. Fries et al. „Organic synthesis associated with serpentinization and carbonation on early Mars“. Science 375, Nr. 6577 (14.01.2022): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg7905.

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Abiotic formation of organic molecules Mars rovers have found complex organic molecules in the ancient rocks exposed on the planet’s surface and methane in the modern atmosphere. It is unclear what processes produced these organics, with proposals including both biotic and abiotic sources. Steele et al . analyzed the nanoscale mineralogy of the Mars meteorite ALH 84001 and found evidence of organic synthesis driven by serpentinization and carbonation reactions that occurred during the aqueous alteration of basalt rock by hydrothermal fluids. The results demonstrate that abiotic production of organic molecules operated on Mars 4 billion years ago. —KTS

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Kamanna, Kantharaju, und Santosh Y. Khatavi. „Microwave-accelerated Carbon-carbon and Carbon-heteroatom Bond Formation via Multi-component Reactions: A Brief Overview“. Current Microwave Chemistry 7, Nr. 1 (23.06.2020): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346107666200218124147.

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Multi-Component Reactions (MCRs) have emerged as an excellent tool in organic chemistry for the synthesis of various bioactive molecules. Among these, one-pot MCRs are included, in which organic reactants react with domino in a single-step process. This has become an alternative platform for the organic chemists, because of their simple operation, less purification methods, no side product and faster reaction time. One of the important applications of the MCRs can be drawn in carbon- carbon (C-C) and carbon-heteroatom (C-X; X = N, O, S) bond formation, which is extensively used by the organic chemists to generate bioactive or useful material synthesis. Some of the key carbon- carbon bond forming reactions are Grignard, Wittig, Enolate alkylation, Aldol, Claisen condensation, Michael and more organic reactions. Alternatively, carbon-heteroatoms containing C-N, C-O, and C-S bond are also found more important and present in various heterocyclic compounds, which are of biological, pharmaceutical, and material interest. Thus, there is a clear scope for the discovery and development of cleaner reaction, faster reaction rate, atom economy and efficient one-pot synthesis for sustainable production of diverse and structurally complex organic molecules. Reactions that required hours to run completely in a conventional method can now be carried out within minutes. Thus, the application of microwave (MW) radiation in organic synthesis has become more promising considerable amount in resource-friendly and eco-friendly processes. The technique of microwaveassisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has successfully been employed in various material syntheses, such as transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling, dipolar cycloaddition reaction, biomolecule synthesis, polymer formation, and the nanoparticle synthesis. The application of the microwave-technique in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations via MCRs with major reported literature examples are discussed in this review.

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Hell, Zoltán, Ágnes Magyar und Kinga Juhász. „The Application of 4Å Molecular Sieves in Organic Chemical Syntheses: An Overview“. Synthesis 53, Nr. 02 (22.10.2020): 279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706535.

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AbstractIn the last two decades, considerable attention has been devoted to the use of 4Å molecular sieves (MS 4A) in organic chemical syntheses. Initially, they were applied as drying agents in order to dry gases, solvents and liquid reagents. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency to apply MS 4A as an additive, catalyst, co-catalyst or catalyst support in organic reactions. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent examples of organic syntheses promoted by MS 4A from 1997 to 2020. We hope to provide the reader with an overview of the potential of MS 4A in the field of organic synthesis.1 Introduction2 Application as an Additive3 Application as Catalyst4 Application as Co-catalyst5 Application as Support6 Conclusion

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Leznoff, Clifford C. „1999 Alfred Bader Award Lecture From early developments in multi-step organic synthesis on solid phases to multi-nuclear phthalocyanines“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, Nr. 2 (06.02.2000): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-007.

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Early developments in solid phase organic synthesis are traced. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of cross-linked polystyrene in the first general method of monoblocking symmetrical difunctional compounds. The monoprotected polymer-bound symmetrical starting materials were then used in multi-step syntheses of a variety of compounds, particularly insect pheromones. Asymmetric synthesis on polymer supports was demonstrated. Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar additions on polymer supports proceeded readily as did macrocyclic formation of porphyrins and phthalocyanines. All of these reactions clearly showed that most organic chemical reactions could be performed on solid phases and laid the basis for the development of combinatorial chemistry. The first unsymmetrical phthalocyanine was prepared using the solid phase method and this led eventually to solution phase methods of preparing bi-, tri-, tetra-, and even a dendritic-like pentanuclear phthalocyanine.Key Words: solid phase organic synthesis (SPOS), phthalocyanines.

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Torres-Gómez, G., M. Lira-Cantú und P. Gómez-Romero. „Materiales híbridos moleculares orgánicos-inorgánicos: síntesis y aplicación como electrodos en baterías recargables de litio“. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 39, Nr. 3 (30.06.2000): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2000.v39.i3.863.

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García, O., A. Costela, I. García-Moreno, C. Gómez und R. Sastre. „Obtención de nuevos materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos fotosensibles utilizables como láseres de colorante en estado sólido“. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 43, Nr. 2 (30.04.2004): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.2004.v43.i2.533.

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30

Jurczak, Janusz, und Tomasz Bauer. „Glyoxylic acid derivatives in asymmetric synthesis“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, Nr. 9 (01.01.2000): 1589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072091589.

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Synthesis of chiral derivatives of glyoxylic acid with special emphasis on N-glyoxyloyl-(2R)-bornane-10,2-sultam is presented. Investigation of glyoxylic acid chiral derivatives in various stereocontrolled organic syntheses showed their excellent ability to provide products of high optical purity. Application of our methodology to the synthesis of natural products and their analogs is presented.

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Tanimoto, Hiroki, und Kiyomi Kakiuchi. „Recent Applications and Developments of Organic Azides in Total Synthesis of Natural Products“. Natural Product Communications 8, Nr. 7 (Juli 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800730.

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Organic azides have been exploited since their discovery because of their high reactivities. Various organic reactions using azides have been synthetically applied in chemical biology pharmaceuticals medicinal and agricultural areas. In this review we present some recent applications and developments of organic azides in the total synthesis of natural products (mostly within five years) especially alkaloids. We focus not only on application examples of organic azides but also show their preparation methods including recently reported procedures concerning their decomposing and reducing methods in the syntheses of bioactive molecules.

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Hlaváč, Jan, und Kristýna Bürglová. „Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis“. Synthesis 50, Nr. 06 (24.01.2018): 1199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609202.

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Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])3 Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis4 Conclusion

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Yuan, Ziyun, Xiaojun Hu, Hao Zhang, Lin Liu, Peng Chen, Min He, Xingang Xie, Xiaolei Wang und Xuegong She. „Total synthesis of conosilane A via a site-selective C–H functionalization strategy“. Chemical Communications 54, Nr. 8 (2018): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09367e.

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The strategy developed for the first total synthesis of highly oxygenated natural product conosilane A involving double manipulation of allylic C(sp³)–H functionalization renders the power of C–H functionalization in organic syntheses.

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Kaur, Navjeet. „Ionic Liquid Promoted Eco-friendly and Efficient Synthesis of Six-membered Npolyheterocycles“. Current Organic Synthesis 15, Nr. 8 (17.12.2018): 1124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180903102542.

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Background: The synthesis of N-polyheterocycles by environmentally benign method is highly attractive but challenging proposition. New strategies have been developed for the preparation of polycyclic heterocycles in the last decades. In this review article, the synthesis of nitrogen containing six-membered polycyclic heterocyclic compounds is presented with the application of ionic liquids. This contribution focuses on the literature related to the total synthesis of six-membered N-polyheterocycles. Objective: Ionic liquids not only acted as environmentally benign reaction media but also as catalysts which afforded the very promising replacements of traditional molecular solvents in organic chemistry due to their stability, non-flammability, non-volatility and ease of recyclability. Ionic liquids are utilized in metal catalyzed reactions in place of organic solvents in the last years. It has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Ionic liquids acted as alternatives of organic solvents and these ILs are environment friendly. Conclusion: In the area of green chemistry ionic liquid assisted synthesis is a very promising technique which afforded a flexible platform for the formation of heterocycles. The influence of ILs on the development of efficient and new synthetic protocols over the last decade for the construction of N-polyheterocycles is featured in this review article. These synthetic strategies will continue to attract more attention and will find a wide range of applications in organic synthesis. In conclusion, ionic liquids assisted syntheses have become an efficient and powerful tool in organic chemistry quickly.

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Kuga, Maïa, Bernard Marty, Yves Marrocchi und Laurent Tissandier. „Synthesis of refractory organic matter in the ionized gas phase of the solar nebula“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, Nr. 23 (26.05.2015): 7129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502796112.

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In the nascent solar system, primitive organic matter was a major contributor of volatile elements to planetary bodies, and could have played a key role in the development of the biosphere. However, the origin of primitive organics is poorly understood. Most scenarios advocate cold synthesis in the interstellar medium or in the outer solar system. Here, we report the synthesis of solid organics under ionizing conditions in a plasma setup from gas mixtures (H2(O)−CO−N2−noble gases) reminiscent of the protosolar nebula composition. Ionization of the gas phase was achieved at temperatures up to 1,000 K. Synthesized solid compounds share chemical and structural features with chondritic organics, and noble gases trapped during the experiments reproduce the elemental and isotopic fractionations observed in primitive organics. These results strongly suggest that both the formation of chondritic refractory organics and the trapping of noble gases took place simultaneously in the ionized areas of the protoplanetary disk, via photon- and/or electron-driven reactions and processing. Thus, synthesis of primitive organics might not have required a cold environment and could have occurred anywhere the disk is ionized, including in its warm regions. This scenario also supports N2 photodissociation as the cause of the large nitrogen isotopic range in the solar system.

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Aneeja, Thaipparambil, Sankaran Radhika, Mohan Neetha und Gopinathan Anilkumar. „An Overview of the One-pot Synthesis of Imidazolines“. Current Organic Chemistry 24, Nr. 20 (02.12.2020): 2341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999201001153735.

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One-pot syntheses are a simple, efficient and easy methodology, which are widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds. Imidazoline is a valuable heterocyclic moiety used as a synthetic intermediate, chiral auxiliary, chiral catalyst and a ligand for asymmetric catalysis. Imidazole is a fundamental unit of biomolecules that can be easily prepared from imidazolines. The one-pot method is an impressive approach to synthesize organic compounds as it minimizes the reaction time, separation procedures, and ecological impact. Many significant one-pot methods such as N-bromosuccinimide mediated reaction, ring-opening of tetrahydrofuran, triflic anhydrate mediated reaction, etc. were reported for imidazoline synthesis. This review describes an overview of the one-pot synthesis of imidazolines and covers literature up to 2020.

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Aneeja, Thaipparambil, Sankaran Radhika, Mohan Neetha und Gopinathan Anilkumar. „An Overview of the One-pot Synthesis of Imidazolines“. Current Organic Chemistry 24, Nr. 20 (Oktober 2020): 2341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527282499920100115373.

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One-pot syntheses are a simple, efficient and easy methodology, which are widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds. Imidazoline is a valuable heterocyclic moiety used as a synthetic intermediate, chiral auxiliary, chiral catalyst and a ligand for asymmetric catalysis. Imidazole is a fundamental unit of biomolecules that can be easily prepared from imidazolines. The one-pot method is an impressive approach to synthesize organic compounds as it minimizes the reaction time, separation procedures, and ecological impact. Many significant one-pot methods such as N-bromosuccinimide mediated reaction, ring-opening of tetrahydrofuran, triflic anhydrate mediated reaction, etc. were reported for imidazoline synthesis. This review describes an overview of the one-pot synthesis of imidazolines and covers literature up to 2020.

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Hartati, Hartati, Alfa Akustia Widati, Aning Purwaningsih, Alfinda Novi Kristanti und Anik Fathur Rohmah. „SUHU DAN WAKTU HIDROTERMAL DALAM SINTESIS ZSM-5 DARI METAKAOLIN“. Jurnal Kimia Riset 3, Nr. 1 (11.07.2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v3i1.7800.

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AbstrakSintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: AbstrakSintesis ZSM-5 dilakukan dari metakaolin terdealuminasi tanpa penambahan templat organik. Sintesis dilakukan melalui pengaturan suhu hidrotermal mulai suhu 120oC, 150o, dan 170oC. Hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi dengan difraktometer sinar-X , spektrometer FTIR, dan adsorpsi/desorpsi nitrogen. Pengaturan suhu hidrotermal pada 120oC selama 24 jam belum menghasilkan ZSM-5, sedangkan sintesis pada suhu 150oC selama 24 jam diperoleh hasil ZSM-5 dengan kristal yang cukup baik. Hidrotermal pada 170o tetap dapat membentuk ZSM-5 dengan pengotor mordenit dan kurang kristalin dibandingkan sintesis pada 150oC. Kata kunci: ZSM-5, metakaolin, terdealuminasi, tanpa templat, pengaturan suhu dan waktu Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings Abstract Synthesis of ZSM-5 is carried out from dealuminated metakaolin without the addition of organic template. The synthesis is done by setting the hydrothermal temperature from 120oC, 150oC, and 170oC. The results were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, FTIR spectrometer, and nitrogen adsorption / desorption. Hydrothermal temperature setting at 120oC for 24 hours has not produced ZSM-5, while the synthesis at 150oC for 24 hours was obtained ZSM-5 with good crystals. Hydrothermal at 170 °C can still form ZSM-5 with mordenite impurities and less crystalline than synthesis at 150 °C. Keywords: ZSM-5, dealuminated metakaolin, without organic templates, temperature and time settings

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Mateev, Emilio, Ali Irfan, Alexandrina Mateeva, Maya Georgieva und Alexander Zlatkov. „Microwave-assisted organic synthesis of pyrroles (Review)“. Pharmacia 71 (25.03.2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e119866.

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The detection of pyrrole rings in numerous organic compounds with various pharmacological activities, emphasizes its huge importance in medicinal chemistry. Thus, the synthesis of pyrroles continues to arouse interest and Paal-Knorr condensation is considered to be the main synthetic route. A significant advance has been made since the MW activation was introduced in the organic synthesis which can be confirmed with the rapid growth of the published papers on that topic. Microwave irradiation is gaining popularity since faster reaction time, higher yields, easier work-up and reduced energy input can be achieved. Furthermore, it appears in numerous green chemistry protocols. The aim of the current article was to provide insights into the microwave syntheses of pyrrole derivatives, focusing on the most used synthetic approaches - Paal-Knorr, Clauson-Kaas, Barton-Zard, Hantzsch and others. The article was divided into several sections starting with the principles of the microwave organic synthesis. Thereafter the structure and the main pharmacological effects of the pyrrole derivatives were examined. Subsequently, articles describing the synthesis of pyrroles via Paal-Knorr, Hantzsch, Clauson-Kaas and Barton– Zard were discussed. All the reviewed papers conclude a significant reduction of the reaction times after MW irradiation compared to conventional heating.

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Eckert, Heiner. „Efficiency Eff syn of complex syntheses as multicomponent reactions, its algorithm and calculations based on concrete criteria“. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 15 (27.06.2019): 1425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.142.

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A synthesis efficiency algorithm, which must be based on concrete and reliable criteria, is essential for the evaluation and control of complex chemical synthesis, notably multicomponent reactions (MCRs). An algorithm has been developed to precisely evaluate even highly complex syntheses with regards to their synthesis efficiency Eff syn as a tool for strict compliance with green chemistry requirements, and for economic progress. The mathematical operations are highly suitable for electronic data processing (EDP). This algorithm is also suitable as a basis for fair cost assessment of complex chemical syntheses.

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Li, Dongli, Panpan Wu, Ning Sun, Yu-Jing Lu, Wing-Leung Wong, Zhiyuang Fang und Kun Zhang. „The Diversity of Heterocyclic N-oxide Molecules: Highlights on their Potential in Organic Synthesis, Catalysis and Drug Applications“. Current Organic Chemistry 23, Nr. 5 (01.07.2019): 616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190408095257.

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The synthesis and chemistry of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives such as those from pyridine and indazole are very well-known due to their usefulness as versatile synthetic intermediates and their biological importance. These classes of organic compounds have been demonstrated in many interesting and amazing functionalities, particularly vital in the areas including metal complexes formation, catalysts design, asymmetric catalysis and synthesis, and medicinal applications (some potent N-oxide compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activity, etc.). Therefore, the heterocyclic N-oxide motif has been successfully employed in a number of recent advanced chemistry and drug development investigations. In the present review, our primary aim was to provide a relevant summary focusing on the topics of organic synthesis and medical application potential of the compounds cited, which could be attractive and give some insights to researchers in the field. Therefore, we mainly highlight the importance of heterocyclic N-oxide derivatives including those synthesized from imidazole, indazole, indole, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyridine, and pyrimidine in organic syntheses and catalysis, and drug applications. Over the past years, a number of reviews have been published on the organic synthesis and catalysis of N-oxides. We thus concentrated on highlighting those rarely mentioned or recently reported systems.

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Kwok, Sun, SeyedAbdolreza Sadjadi und Yong Zhang. „Chemical enrichment of galaxies as the result of organic synthesis in evolved stars“. Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S343 (August 2018): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318007524.

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AbstractInfrared spectroscopic observations have shown that complex organics with mixed aromatic-aliphatic structures are synthesized in large quantities during the late stages of stellar evolution. These organics are ejected into the interstellar medium and spread across the Galaxy. Due to the sturdy structures of these organic particles, they can survive through long journeys across the Galaxy under strong UV background and shock conditions. The implications that stellar organics were embedded in the primordial solar nebula is discussed.

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Šimšíková, M., M. Bartoš, J. Čechal und T. Šikola. „Decolorization of organic dyes by gold nanoflowers prepared on reduced graphene oxide by tea polyphenols“. Catalysis Science & Technology 6, Nr. 9 (2016): 3008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy01836f.

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Mamedov, E. Sh, T. N. Kulibekova, D. S. Veliyeva, Z. S. Safaraliyeva und I. R. Rushinaz. „SYNTHESIS OF S,P,N-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR THERMOSTABILITY WITH RESPECT TO METALS“. Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, Nr. 4 (14.11.2023): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2023-4-97-103.

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The results of thermal studies of some derivatives of dithiophosphoric, xanthogenic, dithiocarbamic acids are presented. The thermal parameters of the compounds were determined both in pure form and in the presence of iron and copper powders. Their chemical activity with respect to iron and copper was studied. It has been found that the temperature at which the thermal stability of the studied compounds is maintained exceeds 1700С, and they are chemically active with respect to iron and copper: the lower the interaction temperature within the same row with iron and copper and the lower its mass loss corresponding to this temperature, the more effective it is like an extreme pressure (EP) additive. It has been found that compounds of the same series, reacting with metal by the type of synchronous and exchange reactions, have better indicators of extreme pressure properties than compounds interacting with metal by the type of asynchronous reaction

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Khangarot, Rama Kanwar, Manisha Khandelwal und Sumit Kumar Ray. „Syntheses and Applications of Singh’s Catalyst“. Synthesis 52, Nr. 23 (19.08.2020): 3577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707235.

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Singh’s catalyst has emerged as one of the most promising and valuable catalysts in the field of asymmetric synthesis. Since its discovery, it has proven to be one of the best organocatalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reactions, and is equally efficient in aqueous and organic media. In this Short Review, we summarize reactions utilizing Singh’s catalyst under various conditions.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Singh’s Catalyst3 Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis4 Conclusion

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Dong, Gao, Bohui Li und George A. O'Doherty. „Total and formal syntheses of fostriecin“. Organic Chemistry Frontiers 7, Nr. 22 (2020): 3608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qo01121e.

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Guricová, Miroslava, Jan Pinc, Juraj Malinčik, Jakub Rak, Martin Kuchař und Vilém Bartůněk. „Rare earth nanofluorides: synthesis using ionic liquids“. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 39, Nr. 2 (26.06.2019): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2018-0016.

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AbstractThis review presents a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the synthesis of rare earth fluoride nanomaterials using the most common methods of synthesis. Special focus is on syntheses utilising ionic liquids, which is a new and promising way of preparing nanomaterials without the use of dangerous organic solvents (toxic, flammable, or combustive). Rare earth fluoride nanoparticles can be obtained with a high yield, purity, and crystallinity, and with different morphologies and luminescent properties depending on the selected method of synthesis.

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Tsakos, Michail, Eva S. Schaffert, Lise L. Clement, Nikolaj L. Villadsen und Thomas B. Poulsen. „Ester coupling reactions – an enduring challenge in the chemical synthesis of bioactive natural products“. Natural Product Reports 32, Nr. 4 (2015): 605–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4np00106k.

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In this review we investigate the use of complex ester fragment couplings within natural product total syntheses. Using examples from the literature up to 2014 we illustrate the state-of-the-art as well as the challenges within this area of organic synthesis.

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Dai, Shujie, Yichang Yang, Jinghuai Yang, Shichang Chen und Longfeng Zhu. „Recent Advances in the Seed-Directed Synthesis of Zeolites without Addition of Organic Templates“. Nanomaterials 12, Nr. 16 (21.08.2022): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162873.

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Zeolites have been widely employed in fields of petroleum refining, fine chemicals and environmental protection, but their syntheses are always performed in the presence of organic templates, which have many drawbacks such as high cost and polluted wastes. In recent years, the seed-directed synthesis of zeolites has been paid much attention due to its low-cost and environmentally friendly features. In this review, the seed-directed synthesis of Al-rich zeolites with homonuclear and heteronuclear features, the seed-directed synthesis of Si-rich zeolites assisted with ethanol and the utility of seed-directed synthesis have been summarized. This review could help zeolite researchers understand the recent progress of seed-directed synthesis.

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Sun, Hong, Feiyang Hu, Zirui Jiang, Zhiwen Cui, Mahalingam Ravivarma, Hao Fan, Jiangxuan Song und Duanyang Kong. „Advancements of non-viologen-based anolytes for pH-neutral aqueous organic redox flow batteries“. Chemical Synthesis 3, Nr. 4 (2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2023.07.

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Aqueous organic redox flow battery (AORFB) is regarded as the most promising next-generation technology for energy storage that stores electricity in redox-active organics lysed in mild salt-electrolytes. Composed of abundant elements such as C, H, O, and N, the adapted organics have a high degree of structural diversity and tunability, endowing it possible to modulate the physicochemical properties of water solubility, redox potential, and stability, and resulting in potential cost-effectiveness, ecological and environmental safety. Therefore, the designable organics consumedly expand the distance for exceeding battery behaviors in comparison with the inorganic counterparts. Herein, this study presents an overview of pH-neutral AORFBs that employ nonflammable water-soluble molecules with cheap inorganic salts as supporting electrolytes. Particular emphasis is given to the progress of molecular engineering design and synthesis of non-viologen-based organic anolytes and their respective AORFB performance. Additionally, some comments on present opportunities and perspectives of this ascendant domain are also demonstrated.

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