Dissertationen zum Thema „Ordre public contractuel“
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Nguewo, nono youta Ferdi. „L'ordre public contractuel en droit administratif“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://scd-proxy.univ-brest.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/isbn/9782247234509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of the contractual public order in administrative law, which was necessary given the lack of doctoral research on this major theme of contract law, leads to several conclusions that are interesting both for the notion and for administrative law itself. With regard first to contractual public order, its examination in administrative law confirms that the concept cannot be defined, but only identified, the criterion allowing this identification to be made being the automaticity of the sanction attached to the rule. With regard to administrative law, the inclusion of contractual public order among the cardinal notions of this law has contributed to the improvement of the law and litigation of administrative contracts. The handling of the concept allows the administrative judge to modulate the treatment of the causes of invalidity, to direct the general theory of the administrative contract, but also, sometimes, to stand out from the judicial judge by retaining a singular conception of the contractual public order
Jacomino, Faustine. „Le contrôle objectif de l'équilibre contractuel. Entre droit commun des contrats et droit des pratiques restrictives de concurrence“. Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleControl of contractual balance is one of the markers of contemporary contract law. Such control is grounded in several basic concepts: some authors refer to morality, while others invoke contractual justice or its economic relevance. Applied to imbalance between professionals, the tools implemented to ensure this control reveal the existence of objective control of the contracts’ expected balance. Although the subjective balance sought by the parties is not set aside, it is overshadowed by the determination of a kind of objective balance motivated by a will both to protect the weaker party and to promote a certain vision of the economy, and commercial exchanges. In this respect, restrictive practices law is an integrative discipline in which it is possible to combine protection of the weaker party with protection of the market. The influence of this discipline on common contract law and, conversely, the “civilization” of competition law under the influence of common law help better understand the mechanism of such objective control of contractual balance. This research aims to describe the objectification of identification criteria for contractual imbalance and the ways of remedying it. To this end, common contract law and law governing restrictive competition practices will be compared to shed light on such control in both these areas. More specifically, this thesis proposes to thwart phenomena of superimposition of and competition between existing systems for the objective control of contractual balance in both these disciplines through precise identification of their fields of application and their respective purposes. It also aspires to describe the functions of such objective control for both the parties and the market by emphasizing the need to examine these contracts by taking into consideration together both their micro and macroeconomic dimensions
Klifa, Deborah. „La pratique contractuelle des prestataires de services d'investissement confrontée à l'ordre public“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContractual practice of providers of investment illustrates both the provision of investment services and contract assembly created by the practice . The purpose of this study is to identify what are the new public order rules that undermine the legal certainty of PSI during this contractual practice
Aubin-Brouté, Raphaèle-Jeanne. „Le contrat en agriculture“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT3014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContracts concluded by the farmer for the satisfaction of its professional needs form a family of contracts : all have part in the public action in agriculture. Their common identity is methodological. The contract is a legal instrument of the agricultural policy. All its utilities are mobilized for protecting the farmer or managing the agriculture. The special law of the agricultural contracts allows the penetration in the legal act of the value system chosen by the State. The contractual public order in agriculture also shows itself by an action of police of the contract. The contract in agriculture is not only an object of the public action : it is also one of its modalities. The contractualization shows itself at first by a joint production of the legal rule, with the State or between professionals. It shows itself then by the research for the consent in the standard, specially environmental. The contractual speech justifies the public action in agriculture. The agro-environmental contract allows the public remuneration for an ecological or territorial performance supplied by the farmer. This thesis brings to light a deep change of paradigm in the agricultural policy. While the law of the exploitation is absorbed, partly, by that of the company, an original legal corpus appears which proceeds of the new multifunctional identity recognized by the agricultural activity. This thesis also reveals the methodological sliding which takes place of the private contractual law forced by the public law towards the public law produced by contract
Farges, Simon. „L'ordre public sociétaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247218776.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first part of the study shows that, for many reasons, the assimilation of thenotions of public order and corporate imperative produces unsatisfactory results. In order toaccess knowledge of the normative content of corporate public policy, a restrictive definition ofthe concept must therefore be proposed, allowing it to be distinguished from the elusive notionof corporate imperative.According to a purposefully restrictive approach, corporate public policy can be defined as anotional container whose function is to protect, by means of binding rules, essential values orinterests of corporate law; this is the singular mission that should be assigned to it in order toenable the identification of the rules of law, which are absolutely insusceptible to conventionalderogation, which it contains. Finally, the framework of an adapted legal system, which allowsthe influence of its essential prescriptions in time as well as in space, can be drawn
Ripoche, Elléa. „La liberté et l’ordre public contractuels à l’épreuve des droits fondamentaux“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFar from being exclusively hierarchical, the relationship between the contract and fundamental rights also appears to be dialectical. The phenomenon of the fundamentalization of the contract, leading to the restriction of contractual freedom, is met by an inverse phenomenon of the contractualization of fundamental rights, tending on the contrary to promote it. The emergence of fundamental rights disturbs as much as it exalts the contractual freedom, which constitutes therefore the core of the interactions between contract and fundamental rights. It is in the light of a renewed reflection on contractual public order that the solidarity of these two antagonistic phenomena can be tested, and their relationship systematized. Owing to reciprocal influences, the meeting of the contract and fundamental rights is indeed the source of a new contractual balance. Fundamental rights are gradually replacing public order and are changing both its structure and substance. More specifically, it is the articulation of contractual freedom and public order that operates differently, so that it appears, tested by fundamental rights, in a new light. Both an order to promote and limit freedom, contractual public order turns out to be, above all, an order to establish freedom
Cervetti, Pierre-Dominique. „Du bon usage de la contractualisation en droit de la propriété intellectuelle“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe contractualization is a contemporary trend which crosses numerous branches of the law. As a process of regulation, it implies the participation of the stakeholders in the elaboration and the evolution of the law. This thesis aims at verifying its relevance and determining its impact in intellectual property law, domain dominated by the law and order, but subject to a deep loss of legitimacy. Reflecting a withdrawal of the law and order and a real dynamics of rule-making, the contractualization covers two levels. First of all, in the contractual relationship, the contractualization allows the holder of a subjective right to negotiate the exercise of its individual prerogatives and to confer a certain freedom and power to act that he can practice instead of his cocontracting party. In this case, the contractualization is presented as a vector of subjective rights. Then, in the upper level, the contractualization appears as a new mode of regulation. The stakeholders are associated to the elaboration of the law, either by delegation, or by incentive. This additional contractualization intends to produce private standards basing quite at the same time on the idea of flexibility and voluntary consent. These private standards will finally be received in the legal order assuming that they realize a balance between the economic utility of the proposed arrangement and the social value carried by compulsory rule. In this second prospect, the contractual standard appears as a legal model which should be encouraged, halfway between the spontaneous legal rule and the negotiated legal rule
Barrière-Brousse, Isabelle. „Ordre public ou liberté contractuelle dans la vente : l'incidence de la qualité professionnelle des parties“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday the business of the contractors determines the set of rules applicable in the sale of goods. On one side, the professional essence of the seller implies the application of social and economics laws. Not only the professional seller is bound by strict rules by virtue of the jurisprudence, and the set of legal texts protecting the consumers, but also his specific professional skills increase to his detriment the sphere of the law, whether his qualification compels him to other duties relating to the information of consumers, whether his manufacturer's activity binds him to a strict liability, when a defective product causes damages. On the other side, and on the contrary, the professional essence of the purchaser definites the sphere of classic and liberal law. One has to admit that this essence considered subjectively as a presumption of proficiency only makes a slight difference in the application of the legal rules in implying for the purchaser some knowledge and duties. But considered objectively as a presumption of economic egality, the professional essence of the purchaser outlines a contractual law of liberal spirit for the professionals, antinomic to the consumers law. Nevertheless, are excepted from this regime the question relating to the safety of the products. Then, there has to be a relative contractual justice within the field of economics rela-tions governed by liberal principles
Barrière-Brousse, Isabelle. „Ordre public ou liberté contractuelle dans la vente l'incidence de la qualité professionnelle des parties /“. Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376026862.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMorbach, Rüdiger. „Der kartellrechtliche ordre public in der internationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAt the intersection between arbitration and competition law lies private autonomy. The provisions of competition law safeguard what is at the same time the legal foundation of arbitration. In both areas of law, private autonomy enters into conflict with the state's regulatory interest. While this conflict is omnipresent in competition law, it manifests itself in arbitration only when the arbitral proceedings come into contact with mandatory state law, most notably when a state court has to decide on the enforceability of an arbitral award. If this is the case, not only private autonomy and mandatory state law collide, but also arbitration and state court jurisdiction. As far as arbitration and litigation are considered to be equivalent, a state court may not review the substance of an arbitral award on the merits (principle of non-révision au fond). It may only consider whether the enforcement of the arbitral award would violate an essential principle of the law of the state that the state court is supposed to protect, i.e. its public policy (ordre public). Some of these essential principles derive from a state’s competition law and form the state’s public competition policy. Public competition policy, it’s implications for the arbitral tribunal and its protection by state courts form the subject of doctoral thesis
An der Schnittstelle zwischen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und dem Kartellrecht liegt die Privatautonomie. Sie wird durch die Regeln des Kartellrechts gewährleistet und stellt zugleich die Legitimationsgrundlage der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit dar. Dabei steht sie in beiden Rechtsgebieten im Konflikt mit dem staatlichen Ordnungsinteresse. Während dieser Konflikt im Kartellrecht allgegenwärtig ist, manifestiert er sich in der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, sobald das Schiedsverfahren mit zwingendem staatlichen Recht in Berührung kommt, insbesondere wenn ein staatliches Gericht über die Vollstreckbarerklärung oder Aufhebung eines Schiedsspruchs entscheiden muss. In diesem Fall treffen nicht nur Privatautonomie und staatlicher Zwang aufeinander, sondern auch Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und staatliche Gerichtsbarkeit. Werden beide als gleichwertig angesehen, darf das staatliche Gerichte einen Schiedsspruch grundsätzlich nicht in der Sache überprüfen (Prinzip der non-révision au fond). Es darf nur prüfen, ob die Vollstreckung des Schiedsspruchs einen wesentlichen Grundsatz des von ihm zu schützenden staatlichen Rechts verletzen würde, seinen ordre public. Enthalten diese wesentlichen Grundsätze Regeln des Kartellrechts, handelt es sich um den kartellrechtlichen ordre public. Der kartellrechtliche ordre public, seine Bedeutung für das Schiedsgericht und seine Überprüfung durch das staatliche Gericht werden in dieser Dissertation untersucht. Dazu bedarf es eingangs einer allgemeinen Betrachtung der Schnittstellen zwischen Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (1. Kapitel). Diese widmet sich einerseits den theoretischen Grundlagen der Beziehung beider Rechtsgebiete, andererseits den vielen praktischen Formen des Aufeinandertreffens von Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Davon ausgehend soll sich dem kartellrechtlichen ordre public genähert werden, indem dieser in allen seinen Erscheinungsformen dargestellt wird, die anhand ihrer Wirkungen in gängige ordre-public-Kategorisierungen eingeordnet werden und miteinander so ins Verhältnis gesetzt werden, dass Konflikte und ein möglicher Umgang mit ihnen erkennbar werden (2. Kapitel). Im Anschluss soll aufgezeigt werden, wie staatliche Gerichte Schiedssprüche auf eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public überprüfen, welche Kontrollparameter ihre Untersuchung beeinflussen, wie sich Parallelverfahren vor Wettbewerbsbehörden darauf auswirken und welche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ein staatliches Gericht hat, das eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public feststellt (3. Kapitel). Im Anschluss sollen Möglichkeiten für das Schiedsgericht und die Schiedsparteien ergründet werden, einen Verstoß gegen den kartellrechtlichen ordre public zu vermeiden (4. Kapitel). Mit den hierbei gewonnenen Ergebnissen soll zuletzt versucht werden, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu finden, ob der kartellrechtliche ordre public einen wirksamen Sicherungs¬mechanismus darstellt, mit dem eine sich eine Rechtsordnung gegen gravierende Verletzungen ihres Kartellrechts durch Schiedssprüche schützen kann
Gilardeau, Éric. „L'ordre public dans la jurisprudence civile d'après les arrêtistes : Bas Moyen âge-XVIIIe siècle“. Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA122008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDjiguemdé, Wendkouni Judicaël. „L'aménagement conventionnel de la société commerciale en droit français et en droit OHADA“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0345/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAny legislation concerning economic matters is expected to be flexible and adaptedto the evolution of business. Company law in the OHADA (Harmonizing Business Law inAfrica Organization) as well as French company law, cannot be excluded from this principal.Although it was very strict to begin with, and characterized by omnipresent public order,company law in the OHADA was caught up by the contractualization movement whichappeared in France in the 1990s. Contract law turned out to be a perfect means forpractitioners to bring flexibility to company law. Contracting adjustments, companyconventions or even shareholder agreements enable shareholders to adapt their legal companyrules to their economic needs. Transferring titles, voting partners, ensuring the power ofrepresentation inside the company, or settling disagreements, are some examples amongst thevariety of situations where the contracting freedom of partners can be seen. Despite therigorous characteristic of French and OHADA company law, this study puts forward theimportance of spaces of freedom that partners can use. These shareholders agreements, eitherstatutory or extra statutory, will be dependent on precise validity criteria. Consequently, theefficiency of these adjustments will mainly depend on the sanction implemented when one ofthe parties does not execute the required obligation. The strength of both the practice andFrench case law will enable to test the proposals set down by the OHADA legislator.Therefore this study will contribute to the development of an adapted judicial system whichwill permit to secure these contracting agreements, as signs of the contractualization ofcompany law
El, Hajoui Sanae. „Le droit des pratiques anticoncurrentielles : entre ordre public concurrentiel et sécurité juridique des opérateurs économiques“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCompetition law is a very particular economic law, responding to public order. Thereby it appears to be an invasive law. It imposes constraints and causes exceptions to the freedom of enterprise and freedom of contract. Therefore, the interference of competition law in the name of competitive public order raises questions about the future of legal certainty for economic operators. The competition law became a source of tension between the need for effective competition authorities and the principle of legal certainty, which traders need. The question is whether the compelilion law by the extent of its influence, its methods of qualification and means of intervention available to the competition authorities, produces legal uncertainty or on the conb:ary participates full y in the consideration of legal certainty? If it is true that the interference of competition law may pose threats to the freedom of enterprise and freedom of conh·act, it may be that its adverse effects are not as important and serious as it appears to be. The fact to consider only the constraints and hindrances to the relationship between the requirement of maintaining the competitive public order and the principle of legal security would be a reductive and pessimistic vision, it obscures the contributions of cornpetition law to economic operator's legal security. This thesis aims to analyze how the above requirements concur and/ or differ and evolve. The objective is to establish their relationship, to better appreciate their place and articulation
Betoe, Bi Evie Olivia. „Pour une promotion de la liberté contractuelle en droit OHADA des sociétés“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Uniform Act on Commercial Companies is a special case. Indeed, the principle of legal certainty is recognized through the article 2, which makes the provisions of the Uniform Act as many public policy provisions. However, the lack of legal definition of such a concept is likely to cause some difficulties due to its nature of legal standard, except considering that public policy should rather be viewed as a law implementation technique. Though, it is clear this is a concept that helps to fulfill the requirement of legal certainty pursued by the OHADA legislator in the Uniform Act on Commercial Companies, ensuring thereby its economic attractiveness.In this regard, addressing the issue of contractual freedom in the Uniform Act on Commercial companies necessarily leads to highlight the paradox that results from the positive understanding that one can have of public order through the article 2 in view of the purposes persued by the OHADA legislator. Because, in attempting to meet the requirement of legal certainty and the requirement of economic attractiveness, it is the guarantee of the exercise of contractual freedom which is ensured by ricochet. In the end, this leads us to consider how the public policy as enacted ensures the protection of contractual freedom, so that public policy and contractual freedom become notions either to oppose, but to reconcile
Landa, Arroyo César. „Constitutionalisation of Civil Law: The fundamental right to contractual freedom, its scope and limits“. THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl Derecho Constitucional se ha irradiado a todoel ordenamiento jurídico, constitucionalizandoel Derecho Civil. Sin embargo, también es ciertoque este proceso ha ocurrido a la inversa, “privatizando” el Derecho Constitucional.En el presente artículo, el autor nos presenta un completo análisis de los derechos funda- mentales de carácter privado, con especial énfasis en el derecho constitucional a contratar libremente, sus límites y sus posibles controles judiciales.
Houenou, Emmanuel Sèmassa. „La contractualisation du droit des sociétés : l'ordre public à l'épreuve de la liberté contractuelle dans les sociétés commerciales de l'OHADA“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D022.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the Uniform Act on General Commercial Law came into force in 1997, the public policy nature of the rules enacted has been questioned by practitioners and doctrine. All the provisions of this uniform act were declared mandatory by the legislator who made the difficult choice of diverting the contemporary trend. Indeed, one of the most significant developments in company law since the end of the 20th century is the move towards a flexible law in which the will of the shareholder is prominent. A reform of the Uniform Act on General Commercial Law then became necessary in order to allow the use of contractual mechanisms and adapt OHADA company law to the needs of shareholders.Yet since the law reform in January 2014, scholars are not unanimous on the extent which the OHADA legislator has stretched contract in company law. Thus, while some see the reform as a triumph of contractual freedom, others see it as a mere boost in party autonomy uphelding the same rigid law exclusively made of non deregatory rules. As such, it was appropriate to assess the scope of contractualism in OHADA company law as well as the effectiveness of the related contractual mechanisms. Focusing on a substantial analysis of existing laws, this contribution shows a real decline of public policy in company law and a deep flexibility in the legal regime of companies hitherto for their rigid institutional character
Briend, Cyril. „Le contrat d'adhésion entre professionnels“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB177/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe professional, supposed to be able to defend his interests, by opposition to the employee or the consumer, has proven to also be victim of imbalanced contracts for a few decades. The emergence of powerful private companies in various sectors clearly leads to inequalities between professionals. Our study underlines the difficulty to find the best criterion to identify what a professional weaker party is. It is impossible to say that globally such company is stronger than another because the legal person party to the agreement can hide many interests, which are hard to seize at first sight. Nor can the judge arbitrate prices in an authoritarian way without risking a misappropriation of his part. We shall side for this idea: a business-to-business agreement is to be qualified of adhesion contract as long as it does not give place to adequate bargaining; so the judge has to look the bargaining process and the circumstances preceding the contract. Many criteria can help the judge such as the size of the company, market parts, exchanged words, the good or bad faith of the parties or the efforts they have made. If we consider the bargain analysis as the ultimately rightest choice, we have to contemplate its limitations. It would not be realistic to consider that the judge could always discover every circumstance prior to the agreement. This is why we shall join a system of presumptions - albeit rebuttable - to the bargain analysis, when the difference of size of companies or the disproportion of provisions is obvious. We shall put into light the strategies used by strongest parts to bypass the bargain analysis, such as harmful clauses or internationalization tactics. Thus, we shall opt for high obligatory standards, as well as in national law than in international law. Once the bargain analysis is done, we shall try to suggest sanctions adapted to the concern. The judge, in our opinion, must be able to modify the agreement in a very flexible way, either retroactively or during the implementation of the said agreement. The gravity of various contractual behaviors must lead us to think about a form of criminal law or a "quasi criminal" law in order to combat those behaviors in a more suitable mean. Nevertheless, the protection of the professional weaker part is also to be dealt on a procedural ground. A proceeding for interim measures is likely to face the needs for celerity, which bother the weakest parts for their action. We shall also underline the advantages of a class action, which could overcome the financial issue of the lawsuit. Conversely, the legal security of business will bring us to foster a protection by a soft law system. First Part: The identification of the business-to-business adhesion contract. Second Part: The judicial treatment of business-to-business adhesion contracts
Maymont, Anthony. „La liberté contractuelle du banquier : réflexions sur la sécurité du système financier“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10425.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe contractual freedom of the banker is a freedom among the others. However, it is the most sensitive in so faras it can affect on his activity. Apparently unlimited today, this freedom would have even undeniableconsequences on the safety of the financial system by facilitating the phenomenon of “speculative bubbles”. Thecontract, situated in the heart of the banking and financial activity, would be thus the cause of this reality. Therecent shocks, such as financial crises, require the detailed examination of the national but also internationalbank transactions, especially the most dangerous. Still ignored, the measurement of the contractual freedom ofthe banker proves to be necessary to propose a review. The aim is not thus to rule any banker’s freedom out butto define the degree of contractual freedom to grant to him for each transaction. The idea being to grant him asatisfactory level of freedom while ensuring the safety of financial system. The stake rests finally on theconciliation of the contractual requirement, resulting from the contractual freedom of the banker, with the safetyrequirement of the financial system, necessary for the sustainability of banks and worldwide economy
Lahouazi, Mehdi. „Le développement des modes alternatifs de réglement des différends dans les contrats administratifs“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3056.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe development of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts is a necessity. Indeed, the congestion of the administrative courts, combined with the need for a more consensual and calm settlement of disputes, pleads in favour of the emergence of an alternative justice. Nevertheless, the public order governing the activities of public bodies, and protected by imperative norms, requires that the development of alternative methods be regulated. As such, the study of positive law shows that this phenomenon is not unknown in the settlement of disputes concerning administrative contracts. For instance, the parties to a dispute can already freely resort to amicable methods (mediation, conciliation or settlement agreement), and some exceptions to the principle prohibiting public bodies from resorting to arbitration are provided for. However, the voids and shortcomings of the current system of alternative dispute resolution in administrative contracts (lack of proper status of the mediator, paucity of framework for inter partes conciliation, complexity of the concept of reciprocal concessions or, difficulty for the administrative judge to assert its competence in international arbitration...) make its understanding and implementation more complex and more prone to increasing public order violations. It is therefore necessary to propose a sustainable regime of alternative methods to ensure, on the one hand, the protection of peremptory norms of public law and, on the other hand, the freedom of the parties in the choice and conduct of an alternative justice. For that purpose, the future regime will have to authorize arbitration in administrative contracts and endow it with procedural guarantees taking into account its specific nature but also certain characteristics inherent in public entities and administrative law. Furthermore, the mediation and conciliation procedures will have to be improved in order to provide the parties with a flexible framework conducive to the conclusion of balanced and secure settlement agreements. Finally, this regime must definitively establish the role of the administrative judge. To this end, that judge may be called upon to assist the parties in the implementation of alternative methods (creation of an administrative support judge in arbitration, combination of interim reliefs with amicable procedures...). The administrative judge must also be responsible for checking the compliance of the alternative solution to the public order. This attribution of jurisdiction, which is resonates all the more in international arbitration, is fundamental for the protection of the public interest. It is only under these conditions that the development of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms can take its place in administrative contracts
Tanielian, Fadel Aline. „L'efficacité des pactes d'actionnaires dans les sociétés non cotées : (étude comparative entre les droits français et libanais)“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe increase of the number of shareholders’ agreements in French and Lebanese unlisted joint-stock companies does not allow to relegate their efficiency to a second rank anymore, as it was frequently the case in most of the studies dedicated to shareholders’ agreements. In light of the legislative and judicial developments reminding or asserting the predominance of the specific performance of obligations, this thesis attempts to analyse the hurdles that hinder the enforcement of shareholders’ agreements and the means to avoid or overcome them in order to ensure an optimal efficiency of shareholders’ agreements. In doing so, the various limits to the efficiency of shareholders’ agreements that are systematically invoked shall be examined to verify their relevance and scope; this shall help to assert the particular nature of shareholders’ agreements in comparison to the by-laws of the company, especially in relation to the public policy in corporate matters that is applicable to them.The ultimate goal shall be to bring the solutions of the French and Lebanese laws closer to those of the Anglo-American laws to avoid, first, the laying aside of the French and Lebanese laws and their replacement by the Anglo-American laws, and second, the compatibility issues which may arise in case the shareholders’ agreement is governed by a law other than the one governing the company
Bento, de Carvalho Lucas. „L'apport du droit du travail à la théorie générale de l'acte juridique“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0105.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBy the representations it conveys and the solutions it encourages, the building of ageneral theory is never neutral in an axiological plan. Although its construction is based on knowledgeof Positive Law de lege lata, the resulting order meanwhile remains closely linked to the perceptionsand beliefs of the interpreter. It is in this sense that must be addressed the question of the contributionof labor law to the general theory of the legal act. This study highlights the protean nature of theconsidered phenomenon, without concealing the situations where the discipline resembles more acounter productive model than a true source of inspiration. Adopting a prospective point of view, thisresearch highlights aspects of the labour law likely to encourage the promotion of a theory of the legalact marked by pluralism. The material thus contributes to underline the variety of conditions in whichforms the willingness to engage oneself, just like the diversity of its modes of expression. It alsoshows a certain capacity to translate in the field of law, in order to understand them better, theotherness of the balances of power and the mutability of the factual data accompanying the executionof legal acts
Leroy, Caroline. „Le pacte d'actionnaires dans l'environnement sociétaire“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675666.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIannuzzi, Pietro. „L'obligation de non-concurrence dans les sociétés de professionnels : vers une théorie de liberté de choix contractuelle“. Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2359.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProfessional parlnerships offer services to the public and in the services industry the most valuable asset to an enterprise is its clients. Due to the nature of competition in the marketplace, an entreprise wishes to protect its most valuable asset. Professionals have a right to work and wish to protect their clients. Non-competition clauses are thus designed to strike a balance between the deparling professional's right to work and the parlnership's right to protect its clients. Although the caselaw in matters of restrictive convenants as they apply to employment contracts and sales of enterprises is well-established, more consideration is needed in matters relating to non-competition clauses between professionals and the parlnerships in which they worked given the Iimited caselaw and doctrine on the subject. In fact, non-competition clauses as they relate to professionals must take into account factors such as the public's right to choose a professional provided for in specifie Codes of Ethics and, with respect to attorneys, present in the Canadian and Quebec Charlers. Our objective is to bring to light these factors as they apply to professionais and professional parlnerships. Our analysis emphasizes freedom to contract between professionals given the commercial nature of professional services confirmed by the Civil Code of Quebec in 1994 in its definition of the notion of enterprise. The caselaw demonstrates that Courts have generally recognized that non-competition clauses entered into by competent professionals are valid insofar as they are reasonable. The clauses must therefore respect the traditional criteria of limitation in time and space. However, public order considerations with respect to professionals dictate that clients have a right to choose their professionals given the intimate nature that often characterizes professional client relationships. In order to respect this right Courts have been reluctant to impose injunctions on the professionals that compete for the clients with their former firm. However, the balance between the interests of the professional partnership and those of the professional and the client is struck by enforcing penal clauses against the departing professional thus imposing monetary sanctions that serve to protect the economic interests of the partnership. Final/y, the obligation of loyalty and trust that an employee owes to his employer provided for in article 2088 of the Quebec Civil Code also applies to professionals whether they are salaried or partners in the partnership. In addition, all professionals are subject to the obligations contained in their respective Code of Ethics such as professional secrecy. Therefore, the obligation of loyaltyand trust (fiduciary obligations) of the professional extend not only to the employer but to the client thus confirming the unique status of professionals in the workplace.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)"
MARŠÁKOVÁ, Lucie. „Kvalifikační předpoklady u veřejných zakázek“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153591.
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