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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Orchid Flora“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Orchid Flora"
1
Molnár V., Attila, Viktor Löki, Marc Verbeeck und Kristóf Süveges. „Orchids of Azerbaijani Cemeteries“. Plants 10, Nr. 12 (16.12.2021): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122779.
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In order to explore their orchid flora, we performed surveys of 96 Azerbaijani burial places in 2018 and 2019. Altogether, 28 orchid taxa were found in 37 visited cemeteries. In the orchid diversity a remarkable pattern was observed: geographic latitude was significantly and positively related to the number of taxa and number of individuals. The most widespread and abundant orchids in Azerbaijani graveyards were Anacamptis pyramidalis and A. papilionacea (found in 23 and 8 cemeteries, respectively). Azerbaijani cemeteries can be important refuges for rare and threatened orchids, e.g., Himantoglossum formosum (three cemeteries), Ophrys sphegodes subsp. mammosa (eight), Orchis adenocheila (two), O. punctulata (three), O. stevenii (one) and Steveniella satyrioides (one). Epipactis turcica, detected in a single locality, was previously unknown to the flora of Azerbaijan. Additionally, we documented orchid tuber (salep) collection in two cemeteries.
2
Koroteyeva, A. V., und V. P. Polischuk. „Orchid viruses of natural Ukrainian flora“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31.12.2017): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10495-pps.
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Virus infection greatly affects to the normal growth and reproductive intensity of orchid species in greenhouses. Peculiarities of ornamental orchid viruses has become known in different countries of the world while there is nothing known about orchid virus infection in natural flora of Europe, for example in Ukraine. After extensive virus detection of natural orchids of Ukraine (Carpathians, Crimea), some viruses infecting these plants in their natural inhabitance were determined.
3
Dewi, Ni Putu Yuni Astriani, Stefanus Angket, Ludgardis Ledheng, Yunawati Sele und Welsiliana. „Diversity of orchid types in the Oeluan Tourism Forest, Bijeli Village, Noemuti District, North Central Timor Regency“. Interdisciplinary International Journal of Conservation and Culture 2, Nr. 1 (15.05.2024): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/iijcc.v2i1.3906.
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Indonesia as a mega biodiversity country has a variety of fauna and flora. One of the floras that is often found in Indonesia is orchids. Orchids have high economic value and are able to balance the ecosystem in their habitat. This study was aimed at determining the diversity of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest. The current study employed a quantitative descriptive study by using the transect and the purposive sampling method. The research was conducted in February at the Oeluan Tourism Forest. The results of this study indicated that there were four terrestrial orchid genera and three epiphytic orchid genera. The analysis of the diversity index of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest resulted in the diversity index of (H’) 1.0438 in the medium category. The measured environmental factors at the study site were an average soil pH of 7, an average humidity of 76.33% and an average air temperature of 27.400C. The diversity of orchid species in the Oeluan tourism forest, bijeli village, Noemuti district, North Central Timor regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, was included in the medium category.
4
Indriani, Yulia, Elfrida und Ekariana S. Pandia. „Diversity of Orchids (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol Subdistrict, West Sumatra“. Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, Nr. 2 (21.12.2023): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i2.6290.
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Bonjol District, West Sumatra has a very high diversity of flora, one of the flora found in Bonjol District is orchids (Orchidaceae). However, there is no data that explains the diversity of orchid plants in Bonjol District, so researchers are interested in using this as research. This research aims to find out what types of orchids are found in Bonjol District, the diversity index of orchid plants (Orchidaceae) and the dominance index of the most dominant orchid plants in Bonjol District, West Sumatra. The research was carried out using an exploratory method with direct observation of orchid plants in the field. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, namely taking samples with certain considerations. Sampling was carried out at 2 stations, namely residential areas and forests. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The research results showed that the diversity of orchid species (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol District, West Sumatra was classified as moderate, with a total Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' = 1.4117. In Bonjol District, West Sumatra, there are 31 types of orchids from 17 genera, the most frequently found species are Bulbophyllum gibbosum with 35 individuals, while the species found least frequently are Nervelia crociformis and Eria discolor, each with 2 individuals. Then, in the results of calculating the dominance index value for orchids (Orchidaceae) in Bonjol District, West Sumatra, the result was D= 0.044, which means that no species dominates.
5
Ahmed, Aouadj Sid, Djebbouri Mohamed, Nasrallah Yahia, Hasnaoui Okkacha, Degdag Hanane, Zouidi Mohamed, Allam Ayoub, Nouar Belkacem, Benkaddour Zeragui und Khatir Hadj. „New Data on Orchid Flora (Orchidaceae) in the Tell Region of Saida (Western of Algeria)“. Advanced Research in Life Sciences 7, Nr. 1 (01.01.2023): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/arls-2023-0005.
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Abstract This work aims to better to know the floral richness of Tell region (Saida, western of Algeria) particular orchid flora. This inventory was started in 2017-2022; It’s based on random samples, in spring and autumn. The surveys directly targeted open areas (Northern Saida). This inventory revealed the presence of 11 orchids including 2 species, 6 subspecies and 2 varieties. The 11 taxa belong to 5 genera: Anacamptis, Dactylorhiza, Himanthoglossum, Orchis and Ophrys. Some taxa are rare, endemic and are protected (threatened) by the IUCN Red List as a near threatened species and/or are endemic and protected in Algeria, rare species in the Tell region. A stationary precision made it possible to know the distribution area of each identified taxon. Due to anthropogenic threats, a strategy to protect habitats seems very urgent.
6
Frey, Ludwik. „Orchidaceae in the Pieniny Mountains (Western Carpathians)“. Biodiversity Research and Conservation 35, Nr. 1 (01.09.2014): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/biorc-2014-0022.
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Abstract Orchids constitute an important component of the Pieniny Mts. flora. The presence of 35 orchid species has been noted so far in this region. A considerable number of these species are endangered for various reasons. Eight species have been deemed extinct in the area. On the other hand, the orchid flora of the Pieniny Mts. includes species that widen their local ranges and can, thus, be considered expansive as well as new species, recently entered in the list of orchids occurring in the said mountain range (Epipactis microphylla and Epipactis muelleri). It is necessary and important to conduct an inventory of Pieniny orchid resources (the major aim of this study) that would be repeated at certain intervals, in order to know the number of stations and of individuals per population of each species, which would enable taking relevant actions needed to prevent the disappearance of these plants from the Pieniny Mts.
7
Salmanova, R. „Orchis simia Lam. in the Nakhchivan Flora“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, Nr. 8 (15.08.2021): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/02.
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There are 3 botanical regions in the Nakhchivan according to the altitude lines. The species of the orchid family in the Nakhchivan have not been sufficiently studied. Earlier, in 2018, during research in the flora of the Nakhchivan, a new species Orchis simia Lam. was found near the village of Ustupu, Orchis simia Lam. of the genus Orchis L. Systematic, biological and phytocoenological descriptions of the species Orchis simia Lam. genus Orchis L., family Orchidaceae Juss. In 2020, an additional survey of the territory was carried out to clarify the ecological state of the species and population density.
8
Tsiftsis, Spyros. „The role of Natura 2000 network in protecting the orchid flora of East Macedonia (NE Greece)“. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 11, Nr. 2 (14.12.2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2021.8.
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East Macedonia (northeast Greece) is a relatively small part of Greece, where a considerable number of orchid taxa occurs. Some of these orchids can only be found there and this fact makes the specific area of Greece unique. In this study, an up-to date database of orchid records was used to assess the effectiveness of the existing Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network was evaluated by identifying the number of orchids whose distribution is overlapping to a lesser or greater extent with the network, which chorological categories are included/excluded from it, and whether the rare and threatened orchid taxa are adequately distributed within that. Out of the 73 orchid taxa recorded in East Macedonia so far, 14 taxa are exclusively distributed outside the Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the Natura 2000 network is not overlapped with a number of Balkan and Mediterranean orchid taxa, which are only sparsely found in East Macedonia. Moreover, most of the orchid taxa that have been classified in the threat categories of the IUCN are distributed within the Natura 2000 network of East Macedonia, and specifically, some of the most threatened ones are almost exclusively distributed within that network. Consequently, although the Natura 2000 network is not congruent with the distribution of a number of species of southern origin, which are widely distributed elsewhere in Greece, it can conserve important floristic elements of Greece, which are orchid taxa of northern or central European origin.
9
Panda, S. P., M. U. Sharief, S. S. Hameed und H. N. Subudhi. „A Glimpse of the Ecology and Conservation Strategies of Orchids of Odisha, India“. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, Nr. 04 (2023): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i04.019.
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Odisha is endowed with very rich and diverse floristic wealth. Its unique geographic location and varied topography enables it to harbor different types of plant communities of which the orchids deserve special mention due to its horticultural as well as commercial importance. Nevertheless, the orchid flora of Odisha is moderately rich but on the other hand it emphasizes upon some important ecological niches. Many rare and endemic orchid species have been reported from the Odisha state like Habenaria panigrahiana var. parviloba, Cirrhopetalum panigrahianum and Eria meghasaniensis which are new to the science. In the endemic category, Pomatocalpa decipiens and Malaxis purpurea are important being recordedonly from Odisha in India. The orchids of Odisha have undergone severe biotic pressure resulting in rapid shrinkage of this rare and interesting plant group. Hence the conservation of Orchid flora of Odisha is need of the hour. Field studies revealed that for effective conservation of the species, conservation of the habitats in which the species dwell is most vital as well as a pre-requisite. Keeping in view the above mentioned facts, the present communication highlights about the ecology of the orchids of Odisha which act as a baseline data before planning any conservation measure and cultivation of orchids as well. Concurrently some conservational strategies have also been suggested.
10
Danilova, A. N., Yu A. Kotuchov, A. A. Sumbembayev und O. A. Anufrieva. „Geographical distribution and ecological-phitocenotic features of orchids of the Southern Altai in the Kazakh Altai“. Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, Nr. 2 (09.10.2020): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020119.
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According to the results of the study, 14 species of orchids were found in the flora of the southern Altai in2019, which is 52 % of the species diversity of the Orchid flora of Kazakhstan. It is established that the coenopopulationsof orchids in the region develop and exist within the boundaries of specific phytocenoses and are characterized by a certainecological and phytocenotic amplitude of the development of natural environment conditions. They are distributed in thelower, middle and upper mountain zones. The widest altitude range is typical for species from the genus Dactylorchiza(absolute altitude 462–1365 m). In terms of life forms, species with a stem-like tuberoid (genera Dactylorhiza, Herminium,Orchis) predominate, while short-rooted and long-rooted species (genera Cypripedium, Epipactis) are less represented. InKaton-Karagai district, 10 species of orchids were recorded growing in 19 cenopopulations, in Kurchum – 5 species in 6cenopopulations. Vegetation cover in habitats is formed from 35 to 90 %. Due to the weak competition of orchids, theirshare in the addition of phytocenoses does not exceed 2 %.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Orchid Flora"
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Yonzone, Rajendra. „Studies on the orchid flora of Darjeeling Himalaya“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2015. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/hdl.handle.net/123456789/2746.
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2
Moraes, Milena Cristina [UNESP]. „Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115895.
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000810969.pdf: 637992 bytes, checksum: bb27badfbcf2ef58be3e078dd629aaa0 (MD5)O cultivo comercial de orquídeas é significativo no mundo. Alguns gêneros e espécies nativas do Brasil, como Cattleya, são apreciados e têm elevado valor econômico devido à capacidade de recombinação genética, beleza, forma, tamanho e durabilidade de suas flores. Contudo, muitas dessas espécies e gêneros encontram-se em risco de extinção, o que as torna objeto para diversos estudos. Técnicas biotecnológicas de cultivo in vitro (germinação assimbiótica de sementes e micropropagação) são valiosos instrumentos na obtenção de mudas. Devido à polinização na natureza ser limitada e com baixa probabilidade de germinação, o cultivo in vitro utiliza formulações de meios de cultivo adequados à germinação de sementes e ao crescimento de diferentes espécies, resultando em maiores percentuais de germinação, em comparação com condições naturais. Neste trabalho foi comparada a atuação de diferentes meios de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii e C. tigrina. Contudo, os resultados obtidos são preliminares e a procura por um meio de cultivo específico para cada espécie, visando crescimento rápido e em quantidade, necessita de continuidade para somente então afirmar com propriedade qual dos protocolos ensaiados é mais adequado a cada espécie. Existem conflitos taxonômicos envolvendo C. guttata, C. tigrina e C. leopoldii. Muitos taxonomistas consideram C. tigrina e também C. 7 leopoldii como sinônimos de C. guttata. O conhecimento relativo à citogenética da família Orchidaceae tem contribuído expressivamente para o entendimento das relações filogenéticas em todos os níveis taxonômicos em diferentes gêneros. Entre as Catleias, estudos cariológicos identificaram indivíduos com 40 até 100 cromossomos, sendo que n = 20 é o número básico mais frequente. Para diagnosticar o número cromossômico das espécies...
The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
3
Moraes, Milena Cristina. „Estudo biotecnológico, citogenético e molecular em espécies de orquídeas endêmicas da flora brasileira /“. Assis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115895.
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Orientador: Darío Abel PalmieriBanca: Monica Rosa Bertão
Banca: Cristiano Pedroso de Moraes
Resumo: O cultivo comercial de orquídeas é significativo no mundo. Alguns gêneros e espécies nativas do Brasil, como Cattleya, são apreciados e têm elevado valor econômico devido à capacidade de recombinação genética, beleza, forma, tamanho e durabilidade de suas flores. Contudo, muitas dessas espécies e gêneros encontram-se em risco de extinção, o que as torna objeto para diversos estudos. Técnicas biotecnológicas de cultivo in vitro (germinação assimbiótica de sementes e micropropagação) são valiosos instrumentos na obtenção de mudas. Devido à polinização na natureza ser limitada e com baixa probabilidade de germinação, o cultivo in vitro utiliza formulações de meios de cultivo adequados à germinação de sementes e ao crescimento de diferentes espécies, resultando em maiores percentuais de germinação, em comparação com condições naturais. Neste trabalho foi comparada a atuação de diferentes meios de cultivo na germinação e desenvolvimento de Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii e C. tigrina. Contudo, os resultados obtidos são preliminares e a procura por um meio de cultivo específico para cada espécie, visando crescimento rápido e em quantidade, necessita de continuidade para somente então afirmar com propriedade qual dos protocolos ensaiados é mais adequado a cada espécie. Existem conflitos taxonômicos envolvendo C. guttata, C. tigrina e C. leopoldii. Muitos taxonomistas consideram C. tigrina e também C. 7 leopoldii como sinônimos de C. guttata. O conhecimento relativo à citogenética da família Orchidaceae tem contribuído expressivamente para o entendimento das relações filogenéticas em todos os níveis taxonômicos em diferentes gêneros. Entre as Catleias, estudos cariológicos identificaram indivíduos com 40 até 100 cromossomos, sendo que n = 20 é o número básico mais frequente. Para diagnosticar o número cromossômico das espécies...
Abstract: The commercial orchids cultive is significant in the world. Some genera and species native to Brazil, as the Cattleya, are appreciated and have high economic value because of the genetic recombination ability, beauty, shape, size and durability of its flowers. However, many of these species and genera are at risk of extinction, making them subject to several studies. Biotechnological techniques of in vitro (asymbiotic seed germination and micropropagation) are valuable tools for seedlings obtainment. Due to pollination in nature be limited and with low germination probability, in vitro cultivation uses suitable formulations of media culture for germination and growth of different species, resulting in higher germination rates compared to natural conditions. In this work we compared the performance of different culture media on germination and development of Cattleya guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina. However the results are preliminary and the search for a specific medium culture for each species, aiming rapid growth in quantity, need continuity to say properly which of the tested protocols is the most suitable to each species. There are taxonomic conflicts involving C. guttata, C. tigrina and C. leopoldii. Many taxonomists consider C. tigrina and also C. leopoldii as synonyms of C. guttata. The knowledge concerning the cytogenetics of the Orchidaceae family has contributed significantly to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships at all taxonomic levels in different 9 genus. Among Cattleya, karyological studies have identified subjects with 40 to 100 chromosomes, where n = 20 is the most frequent basic number. To diagnose the chromosome number of C. guttata, C. leopoldii and C. tigrina was employed Feulgen method in 8-hydroxyquinoline pre-treated roots. However, cytogenetic studies obtained were not proper enough to say that the three studied species are similar or different from...
Mestre
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Boberg, Elin. „Evolution of Spur Length in a Moth-pollinated Orchid“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113086.
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There is considerable evidence that pollinator shifts can explain many differences in flower morphology between closely related plant species, but the extent to which pollinator shifts can explain the maintenance of among-population variation in floral traits within species is poorly known. In this thesis, I combined comparative and experimental approaches to examine the evolution of floral traits in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. More specifically, I investigated (1) the relationship between flower and pollinator morphology, (2) phenotypic selection on morphology and phenology in populations in contrasting environments, (3) components of prezygotic reproductive isolation among divergent populations, and (4) the adaptive and functional significance of two correlated floral traits. A study of Scandinavian of P. bifolia populations revealed that spur length was positively correlated with proboscis length of local pollinators, which suggests that variation in spur length reflects adaptive evolution in response to geographically variable pollinator-mediated selection. A phenotypic selection study on Öland, SE Sweden, suggested that disruptive selection on spur length contributes to the maintenance of a bimodal distribution of spur length in mixed habitats, but provided very limited evidence of divergent selection on plant morphology and flowering phenology in grassland and woodland habitats. Field experiments revealed strong reproductive isolation between divergent populations on Öland, due to differences in spatial distribution, flowering phenology, and pollinators, and among-population incompatibility. The results suggest that prezygotic reproductive isolation contributes to the maintenance of population differentiation in floral traits in P. bifolia. A field manipulation experiment demonstrated that spur length but not perianth size affects pollination success and seed production. This suggests that among-population differentiation in perianth size may be the result of a genetic correlation with spur length. Taken together, the results of this thesis suggest that pollinator-mediated selection can shape the evolution of intraspecific floral variation.
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Box, Mathew S. „Role of KNOX genes in the evolution and development of floral nectar spurs“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/226324.
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A key question in biology is how changes in gene function or regulation produce new morphologies during evolution. The nectar spur is an evolutionarily labile structure known to influence speciation in a broad range of angiosperm taxa. Here, the genetic basis of nectar spur development, and the evolution of differences in nectar spur morphology, is investigated in Linaria vulgaris and two closely related species of orchid, the primitively longer-spurred Dactylorhiza fuchsii, and more derived short-spurred D. viridis (Orchidinae, Orchidaceae). Despite considerable morphological and phylogenetic differences, nectar spur ontogeny is fundamentally similar in each of the study species, proceeding from an abaxial bulge formed on the ventral petal relatively late in petal morphogenesis. However, spur development is progenetically curtailed in the short-spurred orchid D. viridis. In each case spur development involves class 1 KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) proteins. KNOX gene expression is not restricted to the spur-bearing petal, indicating that additional components are required to define nectar spur position, e.g. canonical ABC genes, determinants of floral zygomorphy, and additional (currently unknown) factors. However, constitutive expression of class 1 KNOX proteins in transgenic tobacco produces flowers with ectopic outgrowths on the petals, indicating that KNOX proteins alone are, to some degree, capable of inducing structures similar to nectar spurs in a heterologous host. Interestingly, KNOX gene expression is high in the ovary of all study taxa, suggesting that KNOX proteins may also have been involved in the evolution of this key angiosperm feature. Although principally involved in maintaining indeterminacy in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), members of the KNOX gene family have been co-opted in the evolution and development of compound leaves where they suppress differentiation and extend the morphogenetic potential of the leaf. A similar model is presented here to explain the role of KNOX proteins in nectar spur development. Co-option of KNOX gene expression to the maturing perianth delays cellular differentiation, facilitating the development of the nectar spur but requiring additional, unknown factors, to determine nectar spur fate. As facilitators of nectar spur development, changes in the spatio-temporal patterns of KNOX gene expression may alter the potential for nectar spur development and explain the critical length differences observed between the orchids D. fuchsii and D. viridis (and among other angiosperm taxa). Taken together, the available data indicate that KNOX genes confer a meristematic state upon plant tissues in a variety of morphogenetic contexts, making the gene family a potentially versatile tool to mediate a wide variety of evolutionary transformations.
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Pansarin, Emerson Ricardo. „Sistematica filogenetica e biologia floral de Pogoniinae sul-americanas, e revisão taxonomica e analise das ceras epicuticulares do genero Cleistes Rich. ex Lindl. (Orchidaceae)“. [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315412.
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Orientador: Marlies SazimaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizada a revisão taxonômica, o estudo químico e micromorfológico das ceras epicuticulares, bem como estudados os processos de polinização e os polinizadores de representantes sul-americanos do gênero Cleistes. Foi, também, elaborada uma hipótese filogenética da subtribo Pogoniinae com base em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares, através do seqüenciamento das regiões ITS (nrDNA), e rps16 e trnL-F (cpDNA). O gênero Cleistes apresenta 17 espécies distribuídas entre as Américas Central e do Sul, ocorrendo principalmente em regiões de cerrado do Brasil central. Três dessas espécies foram descritas durante a elaboração do presente trabalho e estão aqui apresentadas. Através do estudo da hipótese filogenética de Pogoniinae foi verificado que essa subtribo apresenta dois clados bem sustentados. Um clado é norte-americano-asiático, e inclui os gêneros Pogonia, Isotria e as espécies norte-americanas de Cleistes. O outro é centro-sul-americano e inclui as espécies de Cleistes distribuídas entre as Américas Central e do Sul. Com o desenvolvimento do presente estudo, incluindo a maioria das espécies de Cleistes nas análises, pode ser demonstrado que esse gênero é parafilético, concordando com os dados publicados por Cameron & Chase (1999). As espécies norte-americanas de Cleistes estão mais relacionadas com os gêneros norte-americano-asiáticos Isotria e Pogonia do que com as espécies centro-sul-americanas de Cleistes. A subtribo Pogoniinae também é parafilética. O saprofítico gênero Pogoniopsis está mais relacionado com representantes dos gêneros Galeola e Cyrtosia (Galeolinae) do que com os demais gêneros pertencentes à subtribo Pogoniinae. Duckeella, um gênero endêmico da Amazônia e irmão das Pogoniinae, não apresenta os caracteres sinapomórficos que define essa subtribo, devendo ser transferido para a subtribo Duckeellinae. Espécies de Cleistes apresentam micromorfologia das ceras epicuticulares existentes nas folhas variando desde lisas, com grânulos, ou até formando placas. As ceras epicuticulares de Cleistes são constituídas principalmente por álcoois, ácidos e ésteres. A composição química das ceras epicuticulares das folhas de espécies de Cleistes é muito variável entre espécies, podendo ser usada na delimitação específica dentro do gênero. Espécies de Cleistes, assim como as demais Pogoniinae, são polinizadas principalmente por abelhas, embora C. libonii apresente beija-flores do gênero Phaethornis como co-polinizadores. Espécies sul-americanas de Cleistes apresentam picos de floração, em que todos os botões maduros de cada planta abrem simultaneamente no mesmo dia. As flores das espécies estudadas são pouco duráveis (geralmente um dia), e oferecem néctar aos polinizadores. O néctar é produzido em nectários glandulares da base do labelo das flores. Para os gêneros norte-americano-asiáticos esses nectários estão ausentes e as abelhas são atraídas às flores por engano. Esse estudo sustenta a hipótese de evolução de flores de engano para flores de néctar
Abstract: The taxonomic revision, the micromorphological and chemical study of the epicuticular waxes, as well as the pollination processes and pollinators of the genus Cleistes were reported. A phylogenetic inference within Cleistes and among genera of subtribe Pogoniinae was also established, based on morphology and nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (trnL-F and rps16) sequence data, and using maximum parsimony. The genus Cleistes includes 17 species distributed among Central and South America, occurring mainly in ¿cerrado¿ areas of Central Brazil. Three of these species are new and were described in the present study. The phylogenetic study of Pogoniinae showed that this subtribe presents two well-supported clades. One clade is North-American-Asiatic and includes the genera Isotria, Pogonia and the North-American species of Cleistes. The other clade is Central-South-American and includes the species of Cleistes occurring in Central and South America. The genus Cleistes, in agreement to Cameron & Chase (1999), is paraphyletic. The North American species of Cleistes are more related to the North American-Asiatic genera Isotria and Pogonia than to the remaining species of Cleistes. The subtribe Pogoniinae is also paraphyletic. The saprophytic genus Pogoniopsis is more related with Galeola and Cyrtosia (Galeolinae) than to the remaining genera currently recognized within subtribe Pogoniinae. The Amazonian genus Duckeella, sister of all remainder of Pogoniinae, lacks the synapomorphic characters that define this subtribe, and should be transferred to the subtribe Duckeellinae. Species of the genus Cleistes present micromorphology of the epicuticular waxes of the leaves varying from a singular film to forming granules or platelets. The epicuticular waxes in Cleistes are constituted mainly by alcohols, acids and esters. The chemical compounds of epicuticular waxes of Cleistes were very variable among species, and may be used for specific delimitation within the genus. Species of Cleistes, as for remaining Pogoniinae, are pollinated mainly by bees, although C. libonii is co-pollinated by hermit hummingbirds. The South American species of Cleistes presents flowering peaks, in which all mature buds of each plant flowering simultaneously on the same day. The studied species produced short-lived flowers (generally one day), which offer nectar as reward produced by two nectariferous glands on the basis of the lip. For the North American-Asiatic genera these nectariferous glands are absent and the floral visitors are attracted by deceit. This study supports the evolution of deceptive flowers to nectar flowers
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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NUNES, Camila de Marillac Costa. „Fenologia, biologia floral e germinação in vitro de Cyrtopodium eugenii Rchb. f. & Warm. (Orchidaceae)“. Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2688.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-18Cyrtopodium eugenii Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) is a specie widely distributed in Brazilian savannah, being the Planalto Central its main center of diversification. C. eugenii is a terrestrial specie, usually found in the Cerrado, growing in sand soil, dry environment and to the half shade. Due the beauty and exotic character of its flowers, C. eugenii present high ornamental and commercial potential. However, no studies were found of its preservation even in vitro protocols for shoots obtainment to be used in flower production. Thus, the present study has as objective to characterize the fenology, morphology and reproductive biology in C. eugenii and to establish protocols for symbiotic and asymbiotic germination in vitro. The plants studied grows at the Biological Reserve Prof. Jose Ângelo Rizzo, a forest remainder of 500 ha of bioma Cerrado, whose predominant vegetation is of the type Cerrado Rupestre, located in the Serra Dourada, city of Mossâmedes-GO. From the months of July of 2007 through August of 2008 monthly visits had been carried out for accompaniment and collects of data of 51 plants, distributed in three populations. For the establishment of the germination protocols in vitro of C. eugenii established the symbiotic culture, pairs the isolated fungic contends the mycorrhizae Epulorhiza sp., obtained from roots of C. eugenii, with the seeds of C. eugenii in medium FA, and the asimbytic culture, where the seeds had been cultivated in culture mediuns that are regularly used for seed orchids germination, being the complete MS medium, the MS medium with reduction to the half of the concentration of macronutrients (½ MS) and the Knudson medium (KC). The analysis of the behavior of C. eugenii allowed to verify that this species present annual budding and at the dry time. At the rainy time, when the temperature raised, plants of C. eugenii start to invest its energy in the production of vegetative parts, such as sprouts of pseudobulbs and leves. The flowers of C. eugenii are disposed of cyclical form in the floral connecting rods, which arrive to reach up to 130 cm of height. This species is self-compatible, even so in natural conditions, the fruit set is low. Not evidenced was presence of efficient pollinators. High frequency of ants during budding of C. eugenii was verified. However, the observations indicated that these insects only act as visitors and they are attracted by the secretion of substance at the time of the budding throughout the floral connecting rod and that have high concentration of soluble solid. The establishment of the symbiotic germination in vitro did not disclose resulted satisfactory because no protocorms formation were obtained. However, satisfactory results had been founded in the asymbiotic germination in vitro, being the ½ MS medium superior to the KC and the complete MS medium for the time, germination of seeds and establishment of new plants of C. eugenii.
A espécie Cyrtopodium eugenii Rchb. f. (Orchidaceae) é amplamente distribuída pelo Brasil, sendo o Planalto Central o seu principal centro de diversidade. C. eugenii é uma espécie terrestre, comumente encontrada no Cerrado, crescendo em solos arenosos, ambientes secos e à meia sombra. Devido ao caráter exótico de sua inflorescência e à beleza de suas flores, C. eugenii apresenta elevado potencial ornamental e comercial. Entretanto, não são encontrados estudos para sua preservação ou métodos para obtenção de mudas que possam ser utilizadas na floricultura ou no paisagismo. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivos caracterizar a fenologia, a morfologia e os apectos reprodutivos desta espécie de orquídea e estabelecer protocolos para germinação simbiótica e assimbiótica in vitro. Parte do trabalho foi desenvolvida na Reserva Biológica Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo, um remanescente florestal de 500 ha do bioma Cerrado, cuja vegetação predominante é do tipo Cerrado Rupestre, localizada na Serra Dourada, município de Mossâmedes GO. No período de julho de 2007 a agosto de 2008 foram realizadas visitas mensais para acompanhamento e coleta de dados fenológicos e de biologia floral de 51 indivíduos, distribuídos em três sub-populações. Para o estabelecimento dos protocolos de germinação in vitro de C. eugenii estabeleceu-se o cultivo simbiótico, pareando o isolado fúngico contendo o micélio micorrízico de Epulorhiza sp., obtido a partir de raízes de C. eugenii, com as sementes de C. eugenii em meio FA, e o cultivo assimbiótico, em que as sementes foram cultivadas em meios de cultura comumente usados para germinação de orquídeas, sendo o meio MS completo, o meio MS com redução à metade da concentração de macronutrientes (½ MS) e o meio de Knudson (KC). A análise do comportamento de C. eugenii permitiu verificar que esta espécie apresenta floração anual e na época seca. Na época chuvosa, quando a temperatura é mais elevada, plantas de C. eugenii passam a investir sua energia na produção de partes vegetativas, tais como brotos de pseudobulbos e folhas. As flores de C. eugenii são dispostas de forma cíclica nas hastes florais, as quais chegam a atingir até 130 cm de altura. Esta espécie é autocompatível, embora em condições naturais, a taxa de frutificação seja baixa. Não foi observada presença de polinizadores eficientes. Foi verificada elevada freqüência de formigas durante a floração. Porém, as observações indicaram que estes insetos atuam apenas como pilhadores e que são atraídos pela secreção de uma substância liberada constantemente na época da floração ao longo da haste floral e cujo teor de sólidos solúveis é elevado. O estabelecimento da germinação simbiótica in vitro não revelou resultados satisfatórios uma vez que a formação de protocormos não foi obtida. Todavia, resultados satisfatórios foram encontrados na germinação assimbiótica in vitro, sendo o meio ½ MS superior ao KC e ao MS completo para o tempo, taxa de germinação de sementes e estabelecimento de novas plântulas de C. eugenii.
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Vereecken, Nicolas. „Pollinator-mediated selection, reproductive isolation and the evolution of floral traits in Ophrys (Orchidaceae)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210518.
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Cette thèse aborde l’écologie et l’évolution des relations qu’entretiennent les orchidées du genre Ophrys avec leurs pollinisateurs. L’approche comparative et la combinaison (i)d’analyses chimiques de phéromones sexuelles et de parfums floraux, (ii) d’analyses génétiques avec des outils moléculaires, et (ii) de tests de comportement réalisés sur les insectes in situ nous ont permis d’éclairer certains aspects méconnus de ces interactions inter-spécifiques. La pollinisation des orchidées du genre Ophrys est assurée par des mâles d'abeilles ou de guêpes solitaires qui opèrent une tentative d’accouplement (pseudocopulation) sur le labelle des fleurs. L'attraction des pollinisateurs est généralement hautement spécifique, régie par un mimétisme des signaux (chimiques, visuels, tactiles) des femelles des espèces d'insectes concernés. Malgré cette spécificité, des hybrides se forment occasionnellement en conditions naturelles, témoignant de la perméabilité partielle des barrières d'isolement reproductif entre espèces. Au cours de
ce programme de recherche, nous avons entrepris l’étude des interactions Ophryspollinisateurs en mettant l’accent sur trois aspects spécifiques, à savoir (i) la sélection des caractères floraux par les pollinisateurs, (ii) l'isolement reproductif entre espèces d'Ophrys sympatriques, et enfin (iii) l'évolution des caractères floraux au sein d'un complexe d'espèces-soeurs d'Ophrys associées à différents pollinisateurs. Les principaux
résultats de ce travail sont repris ci-dessous, ponctués de références aux articles qui rassemblent l’intégralité des études réalisées.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos [UNESP]. „Ácido giberélico(GA3) na indução do florescimento de orquídeas“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88122.
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A realização do trabalho objetivou desenvolver uma técnica comercial de aplicação do ácido giberélico via pulverização foliar para o controle da floração de orquídeas Phalaenopsis, Cattleya e Brassocattleya, além da redução do tempo para a primeira florada em Phalaenopsis, fatores limitantes no cultivo. Os experimentos foram realizados no Setor de Biotecnologia e Orquidicultura da Fundação Shunji Nishimura de Tecnologia, Pompéia-SP. Foram conduzidos três experimentos. Como híbridos foram utilizados Cattleya Ireni Holguim, Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1 e Phalaenopsis FSNT Dai-Itigô. Para C. Ireni Holguim e Bc. Marcela Koss testaram-se 4 concentrações de GA3 (125, 250, 500 e 1.000 mg L-1) em 4 aplicações com intervalos de 7 dias via pulverização foliar, nos meses de Outubro/Novembro para Bc. Marcela Koss e Janeiro/Fevereiro para C. Ireni Holguim, em plantas adultas, além de 2 condições hídricas (sem e com estresse hídrico). Não foi possível induzir a floração em Cattleya Ireni Holguim com o uso de GA3. Para Bc. Marcela Koss, a associação da aplicação de 250 mg L-1 de GA3 e a colocação das plantas em condições de estresse hídrico induziu cerca de 83% das plantas a florescerem fora da época normal de florescimento. Na mesma concentração de GA3, porém em condições normais de irrigação, apenas 17% das plantas foram induzidas a florescer. O número e o tamanho das flores aumentaram com o aumento das concentrações de GA3 utilizadas no experimento. Também se testou a utilização do ácido giberélico (GA3) na indução floral fora de época e qualidade do florescimento de orquídeas adultas de Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1, híbrido de coloração branca. Foram realizadas duas e 4 aplicações de GA3, a intervalos de 7 dias nos meses de Novembro/Dezembro. O melhor resultado...
The objective of this works was to develop a commercial technique to control blooming in orchids, via the use of foliar sprays with gibberellic acid in Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, and Brassocattleya orchids, in addition to reducing the time required for the first blooming in Phalaenopsis, which are factors that restrict growth. It was conducted three works. The influence of gibberellic acid and water stress on the induction and quality of flowering was tested in two hybrid genera of orchids, Cattleya and Brassocattleya. The experiment was conducted at the Biotechnology and Orchidculture Sector of the Shunji Nishimura Technology Foundation, in Pompéia, SP. As hybrids was use Cattleya Ireni Holguim, Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1 and Phalaenopsis FSNT Dai-Itigô. In C. Ireni Holguim and Bc. Marcela Koss, four GA3 concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1) were tested in four applications at 7 day- intervals by foliar sprays on adult plants, in addition to two humidity conditions (with or without water stress). Applications were made in October/November in Bc. Marcela Koss and January/February in C. Ireni Holguim. It was not possible to induce flowering in Cattleya Ireni Holguim with gibberellic acid. In Brassocattleya Marcela Koss, the association between 250 mg L-1 GA3 and plants grown under water stress conditions induced blooming in 83% of plants treated under adverse conditions. At the same GA3 concentration, but without water stress, only 17% of the treated plants bloomed. The number and size of flowers increased as GA3 concentration increased. Another objective of this work was to test the use of GA3 to induce off-season flowering and improve blooming quality in adult Phalaenopsis FSNT Snow F1. Four GA3 concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1,000 mg L-1) in 2 and 4 applications (at 7-day intervals) were tested. Spray applications were ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Maad, Johanne. „Selection and Floral Evolution in Platanthera bifolia and P. chlorantha (Orchidaceae)“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5226-4/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Orchid Flora"
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Deva, Som. The orchid flora of north west Himalaya. New Delhi, India: Print & Media Associates, 1986.
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Seidenfaden, Gunnar. Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand XII. Copenhagen: Opera Botanica, 1995.
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Ackerman, James D. An orchid flora of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Bronx, N.Y: New York Botanical Garden, 1995.
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Pupulin, Franco. Flora costaricensis: Family #39 Orchidaceae, tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Zygopetalinae. Chicago, Ill: Field Museum of Natural History, 2010.
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Yuzammi und Hidayat Syamsul, Hrsg. Flora Sulawesi: Unik, endemik, dan langka. [Bogor]: Pusat Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Bogor, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Sosial Chevron dan Texaco Indonesia, 2002.
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V, Averʹi︠a︡nov L., Hrsg. Slipper orchids of Vietnam: With an introduction to the flora of Vietnam. Portland, Or: Timber Press, 2003.
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V, Averʹi︠a︡nov L., und Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Hrsg. Slipper orchids of Vietnam: With an introduction to the flora of Vietnam. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 2003.
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Han'guk ŭi nan kwa singmul togam: Illustrated flora of Korean orchids. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Ihwa Yŏja Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, 2011.
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Alonso, José Luis Benito, Hrsg. Orquídeas de Aragón. Jaca, Spain: Jolube Consultor Botánico y Editor, 2014.
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1954-, Joglar Rafael L., Hrsg. Biodiversidad de Puerto Rico: Agustín Stahl, flora, hongos. San Juan, P.R: La Editorial, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Orchid Flora"
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Huang, Jian-Zhi, Pablo Bolaños-Villegas, I.-Chun Pan und Fure-Chyi Chen. „The Roles of MADS-Box Genes During Orchid Floral Development“. In The Orchid Genome, 95–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66826-6_7.
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Fritz, Anna-Lena, und L. Anders Nilsson. „Reproductive Success and Gender Variation in Deceit-Pollinated Orchids“. In Floral Biology, 319–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1165-2_12.
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„Molecular Systematics, Parsimony, And Orchid Classification“. In Genera Orchidacearum, herausgegeben von Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase und Finn N. Rasmussen, 81–88. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505136.003.0008.
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Abstract Floral morphology has historically been the mainstay of orchid taxonomy; in particular the characteristics of anther organization have formed the basis of the higher categories from the earliest part of the nineteenth century. The use of the terms Diandrae for orchids with two anthers (subfamily Cypripedioideae) and Monandrae (orchids with a single anther, e.g. subfamilies Epidendroideae, Vanilloideae, and Orchidoideae) goes back to Robert Brown (1813), but even before him Olof Swartz (1800b) clearly distinguished between these two categories without formally naming both. The point in mentioning this here is simply that although floral traits have a long history of use in orchid classification, it is only recently that these characteristics have been evaluated with independent data analysed in a phylogenetic (e.g. dadistic) context. Recently, higher-level orchid classification has been evaluated by phylogenetic studies of morphological characters (still mostly, but not entirely, floral; Freudenstein and Rasmussen (1999) and DNA sequences (Chase et al. 1994; Neyland and Urbatsch 1995; Kores et al. 1997; Cameron et al. 1999). These studies are highly similar in the patterns they reveal, but they do not have high levels of internal support as estimated by resampling procedures such as the bootstrap (Felsenstein 1985) or the jackknife (Farris et al. 1996), both of which are sometimes called ‘confidence estimates’ (see below). Truly robust estimates of the patterns of orchid phylogeny are still some distance in the future, but not very far.
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Tsai, Wen-Chieh, Yu-Yun Hsiao, Zhao-Jun Pan und Hong-Hwa Chen. „Analysis of Expression of Phalaenopsis Floral ESTs“. In Orchid Biotechnology, 145–61. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812775900_0009.
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Tsai, Wen-Chieh, Chin-Wei Lin, Chang-Sheng Kuoh und Hong-Hwa Chen. „Orchid MADS-Box Genes Controlling Floral Morphogenesis“. In Orchid Biotechnology, 163–83. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812775900_0010.
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„Morphology“. In Genera Orchidacearum, herausgegeben von Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip J. Cribb, Mark W. Chase und Finn N. Rasmussen, 13–23. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198505136.003.0002.
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Abstract Orchid morphology has formed the basis or a substantial element of all orchid classifications since those of Swartz (1800b), Richard (1818), and Lindley (1826, 1830–1840). These early classifications concentrated on floral structure to delimit genera and higher taxa. Not until the work of Pfitzer (1889) were vegetative features considered significant in the construction of classifications. Dressler (1981, 1993) assessed information from both macroand micromorphology, together with increasing amounts of other cytological, embryological, chemical, and other data in his successive classifications. Comprehensive surveys of orchid morphology have been published by Pfitzer (1889), Adams (1959), and by Dressler (1981, 1993). Substantial variation in both vegetative and floral morphology provides an immense store of information for the botanist attempting to construct classifications of this enormous family.
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Hsiao, Yu-Yun, Wen-Chieh Tsai, Wen-Huei Chen und Hong-Hwa Chen. „Biosynthetic Regulation of Floral Scent in Phalaenopsis“. In Orchid Biotechnology II, 145–80. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327930_0009.
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Chiou, Chung-Yi, und Kai-Wun Yeh. „Coloration and Color Patterning in Floral Tissues of Oncidium Gower Ramsey“. In Orchid Biotechnology II, 101–15. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327930_0006.
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Hsieh, Ming-Hsien, und Hong-Hwa Chen. „Application of VIGS to Floral Gene Function Studies of the Orchid, a Nonmodel Plant“. In Orchid Biotechnology III, 341–72. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813109223_0017.
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Chin, Dan-Chu, und Kai-Wun Yeh. „Methylation Effect on Chalcone Synthase Gene Expression Determines Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Floral Tissues of Two Oncidium Orchid Cultivars“. In Orchid Biotechnology III, 449–62. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813109223_0021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Orchid Flora"
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Byers, Kelsey J. R. P. „From orchids to monkeyflowers: How floral volatiles shape pollinator behavior“. In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94292.
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