Dissertationen zum Thema „Optique relativiste“
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Ouillé, Marie. „Génération d'impulsions laser proches du cycle optique en durée pour l'interaction laser-matière relativiste à haute cadence“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis experimental thesis was essentially conducted at Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée in Palaiseau (France), on a laser system capable of delivering near-single-cycle duration pulses containing a few mJ of energy at 1kHz repetition rate: the Salle Noire 2. This laser is a Titanium:Sapphire double CPA system with a nonlinear filter in between (based on the crossed polarized wave generation effect) for temporal contrast enhancement, followed by a stretched-flexible hollow-core-fiber based post-compression stage. Using this system, we study laser-matter interaction in the relativistic regime at high repetition rate. We can, on one hand, in gas jets, accelerate electrons in the wakefield of the laser up to several MeVs; and on the other hand, by interacting with plasma mirrors, generate high order harmonics which are associated to bright attosecond pulses in the time domain. Despite the technological prowess in these experiments, the properties of the XUV and electron beams thus generated remain scarcely compatible with the main applications downstream. Following up on previous works in Salle Noire 2, the objective of this thesis was to obtain beams with stable properties, which was achieved by making the laser system more stable and reliable, as well as implementing a fast carrier-envelope phase control loop. By varying the carrier-envelope phase of the laser pulses, we could generate XUV continua/isolated attosecond pulses by forming a relativistic-intensity temporal gate at the surface of the plasma mirror, and also produce electron beams exhibiting stable energy and angle of emission, by controlling the electron injection within the plasma accelerator. Additionally, different regimes of interaction with plasma mirrors were experimentally investigated, such as wakefield acceleration of electrons in long plasma density gradients, and the acceleration of protons on the target’s front side (onto which the laser impinges) along the target no rmal direction, in order to measure new observables (electron energy spectra, proton beam divergence) and thus gain deeper insights into the laser-plasma dynamics
Ricci, A. „Développement d'une source laser ultra-brève, stabilisée en phase et à haut contraste, pour l'optique relativiste haute cadence“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00841459.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaure, Jérôme. „Accélération de particules par interaction laser-plasma dans le régime relativiste“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404354.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRicci, Aurélien José. „Développement d'une source laser ultra-brève, stabilisée en phase et à haut contraste pour l'optique relativiste haute cadence“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0020.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAhoyo, Thierry. „Application de la théorie diachronique au paradoxe des jumeaux : intégration d'un amplificateur optique à base de semiconducteur à un guide d'onde effilé“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35380.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Hinschberger, Yannick. „Etude théorique des effets relativistes induits par une impulsion lumineuse ultra-rapide dans la matière“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923154.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOubrerie, Kosta. „Amélioration de l'efficacité des accélérateurs laser-plasma“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAE002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo generate high energy electron beams, conventional accelerators use radio frequency waves to accelerate charged particles to relativistic speeds. However, the accelerating electric field produced is limited to a few tens of megavolts per metre, mainly due to a breakdown phenomenon. Very large facilities are therefore needed to reach sufficiently high energies. For example, the Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC), which is the world's longest linear accelerator, accelerates electrons up to 50 GeV over a distance of 3.2 km. Laser-Plasma Accelerators can produce electric fields exceeding 100 GV/m, that are about three orders of magnitude larger than those obtained by radiofrequency-cavity accelerators. They could thus allow for a drastic decrease of the size of accelerators for scientific, medical and industrial applications. Yet, several bottlenecks have to be solved before these applications can be really implemented. It is notably necessary to demonstrate the efficient production of high-quality, multi-GeV electron beams at a high-repetition rate.The doctoral project tackles this problem by exploring new methods for increasing the energy of the electron beams thanks to techniques that are compatibles with arbitrarily high laser powers and repetition rates and that can be combined with controlled injection methods. Indeed, high energy or controlled injection electron beams have been obtained separately during the last fifteen years, but never combined. This thesis presents the work carried out on the guiding techniques as well as on the electron injection techniques which allowed to obtain experimentally good quality beams at high energies. This work was done in particular through the optimisation of a new optic designed at the Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, the axiparabola, as well as the development of gas jets specific to laser-plasma acceleration
Kaur, Jaismeen. „Development of an intense attosecond source based on relativistic plasma mirrors at high repetition rate“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAE007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe experimental work presented in this manuscript was carried out at Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée (LOA, Palaiseau, France) on a compact kHz multi-mJ energy laser system capable of delivering waveform-controlled near-single-cycle pulses. The first part of this work is focused on improving the performance of this laser source by integrating a cryogenically-cooled multi-pass amplifier in the laser chain in order to increase the output energy, enhance the laser waveform stability, making the laser source more stable and reliable, and with more overall reproducible day-to-day performance. Furthermore, we explore laser post-compression and temporal contrast enhancement in a multipass cell. In the future, this post-compression scheme when power-scaled and integrated into the laser chain will further enhance the focused pulse intensity for experiments.The second part of this work focuses on using the laser system to drive relativistic plasma mirrors on the surface of initially-solid targets to generate highly energetic particle beams (ions and electrons) and harmonic radiation in the extreme ultraviolet region, corresponding to attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18 s) in the time domain. We could produce relativistic electron beams by localized injection of electrons into the nonlinearly reflected laser field by the plasma mirror. Additionally, we could generate nearly-collimated MeV-class proton beams in a controlled pump-probe experiment. By stabilizing the waveform of the driving laser pulses, we could temporally gate the interaction process on the target surface and produce isolated attosecond pulses. We performed a comprehensive parameter study to fully characterize and optimize the spatio-spectral properties of the emitted XUV attosecond pulses, laying the groundwork for their refocusing for applications
Santos, Joao Jorge. „Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-solide à très haut flux“. Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPXX0008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSigal-Pauchard, Marie. „Application de la théorie de l'optimisation à certains problèmes de relativité générale“. Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES004.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJabbour, Michael. „Bosonic systems in quantum information theory: Gaussian-dilatable channels, passive states, and beyond“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/272099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe formalisme symplectique appliqué à la représentation des systèmes bosoniques dans l'espace des phases donne accès à un outil mathématique puissant pour la caractérisation des états gau-ssiens et transformations gaussiennes. Les protocoles d'information quantique impliquant ces derniers sont d'ailleurs très bien compris d'un point de vue théorique. Toutefois, il s'est avéré clair durant ces dernières années que l'utilisation de ressources non-gaussiennes est nécessaire afin d'effectuer des tâches cruciales de traitement de l'information. En effet, certaines tâches — telles que la distillation d’intrication quantique, le codage quantique ou encore le calcul quantique — impliquant des états gaussiens ne peuvent être effectuées avec des transformations gaussiennes. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous développons une nouvelle méthode basée sur la fonction génératrice d'une suite qui donne lieu à une description élégante d'objets intrinsèquement non-gaussiens. Se basant sur la fonction génératrice des éléments de matrice d'unitaires gaussiens dans la base de Fock, notre approche donne accès aux probabilités de transition multi-photon via des équations de récurrence étonnamment simples. La méthode est développée pour des unitaires gaussiens produisant des couplages linéaires passifs et actifs entres deux modes bosoniques. Elle prédit un terme d'interférence destructive qui généralise l'effet Hong-Ou-Mandel pour plus de deux photons indistinguables pénétrant dans un diviseur de faisceau équilibré. De plus, elle met en évidence un effet inattendu de suppression de deux photons dans un amplificateur paramétrique optique de gain 2. Cette suppression résulte de l’indistinguabilité entre les paires de photons d’entrée et de sortie. Finalement, nous étendons notre méthode à des transformations de Bogoliubov agissant sur un nombre de modes arbitraire. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous introduisons une classe de canaux quantiques bosoniques gaussiens-dilatables (caractérisés par un unitaire gaussien dans leur ``Stinespring dilation") appelés canaux à environnement passif. Ces canaux sont intéressants du point de vue de la thermodynamique quantique puisqu’ils correspondent au couplage d’un système bosonique avec un environnement bosonique qui est passif dans la base de Fock (en d’autres termes, il est impossible d’en extraire de l’énergie avec des transformations unitaires), suivi du rejet de l’environnement. Grâce à la fonction génératrice, nous fournissons une description de ces transformations en termes de canaux quantiques bosoniques gaussiens limités par le bruit du vide. Nous introduisons ensuite une nouvelle relation de pré-ordre appelé ``majorization" de Fock, qui coïncide avec la ``majorization" usuelle pour les états passifs mais induit une autre relation en terme du nombre moyen de bosons, connectant ainsi les concepts d’énergie et de désordre d’un état quantique. Dans ce contexte, nous prouvons des propriétés variées de la ``majorization" de Fock et montrons en particulier que cette dernière peut être interprétée comme une relation indiquant l’existence d’une transformation d’amplification entre deux états quantiques. Cette nouvelle relation de pré-ordre s’avère appropriée dans le contexte des canaux bosonique à environnement passif. En effet, nous montrons que ces canaux conservent la ``majorization" de Fock, de sorte que n’importe quels deux états d’entrée obéissant une relation de ``majorization" de Fock sont transformés en états de sortie vérifiant une relation similaire. En particulier, cela implique que les canaux à environnement passif préservent la ``majorization" pour l'ensemble des états passifs de l’oscillateur harmonique. Les conséquences de la préservation de la ``majorization" sont examinées dans le contexte de la ``entropy photon-number inequality". Étant indépendants de la nature spécifique du système étudié, la plupart de nos résultats peuvent être généralisés à d’autres systèmes et hamiltoniens quantiques, donnant lieu à de nouveaux outils qui pourraient s’avérer utiles en théorie de l’information quantique. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous mettons en place une théorie de l’activité locale pour les système bosoniques. Nous introduisons une notion de distance en terme d'activité locale et la comparons avec le travail qui peut être extrait d'un état quantique avec des unitaires locaux assistés par des unitaires globaux passifs. Le but à long terme est de se baser sur cette théorie afin de connecter les domaines des canaux bosoniques à variables continues et de la thermodynamique quantique.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Alberti, Stefano Alberti S. „Etude expérimentale de l'interaction faisceau d'électrons relativistes-onde électromagnétique dans un gyrotron quasi-optique /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=963.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCanova, Lorenzo. „Generation and shaping of ultra-short, ultra-high contrast pulses for high repetition rate relativistic optics“. Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005764.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolane, Pierre-Yves. „Spectroscopie optique du graphite-graphène sous champs mégagauss“. Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1874/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince its experimental discovery in 2004, graphene (a single layer of graphite) has attracted a lot of attention. It also leads to a renewed interest in graphite. Subsequently, both these materials have extensively been studied using different experimental techniques. In this thesis we demonstrate that transmission measurements performed in extremely high magnetic field (> 1 million times the earth's magnetic field) are a very useful tool to investigate the electronic structure of graphene and graphite. In particular, we will demonstrate that electron-hole asymmetry in graphite is caused by the often neglected free-electron kinetic energy term. This term is also present in the Hamiltonian describing electronic properties of graphene, hence it will lead to an asymmetry in graphene. Additionally, using near-infrared and visible sources from 200meV to 2eV we observe strong series of interband transitions in graphite between the four interlayer split bands (E3+, E3-, E1 and E2) up to 150 T at room temperature. The K-point electron resonances can be described well using an effective bilayer graphene model and the H-point transitions correspond to monolayer graphene. It is demonstrated that this can be reduced to a single measurement of the dispersion relation which is described by the relativistic formula where E2=m02v4 + p2v2 with v the Fermi velocity and a single particle rest energy m0v² of 385 meV for the K-point electrons and zero as expected for the H-point
Hadj-Bachir, Mokrane. „Laser à rayons X ultra-compact Raman XFEL“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0400/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe quest for a compact X-ray laser has long been a major objective of laser science. Several schemes using optical undulators are currently considered, in order to trigger the amplification of back scattered radiation, in Compton or inverse Compton regime. We have proposed a new concept of compact XFEL based on a combination between the physics of free electron lasers, of laser-plasma interactions, and of nonlinear optics. In this thesis, we study the necessary steps to trigger a X-ray laser during the interaction between a free relativistic electron bunch and an optical lattice created by the interference of two intense transverse laser pulses. For this purpose I developed a particular tracking code dubbed RELIC. RELIC allowed us to study the dynamics and injection process of a bunch of relativistic electrons into the optical lattice. Thanks to RELIC, we distinguished several interaction regimes depending on the relativistic electron bunch parameters, and on those of the optical lattice and its geometry. These studies are applied to the X ray amplification and supported by PIC simulations. RELIC also allowed us to model and analyze the first experiment conducted in october 2015 on the ”Salle Jaune” laser facility at LOA. This first experiment was very important to validate our theoretical models, and should prove to be an essential milestone for the development of a Raman X-ray free electron laser
Solane, P. Y. „Spectroscopie Optique du Graphite et du Graphène sous Champ Mégagauss“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777855.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGustas, Dominykas. „High-repetition-rate relativistic electron acceleration in plasma wakefields driven by few-cycle laser pulses“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX118/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleContinuing progress in laser technology has enabled dramatic advances in laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA), a technique that permits driving particles by electric fields three orders of magnitude higher than in conventional radio-frequency accelerators. Due to significantly reduced space charge and velocity dispersion effects, the resultant relativistic electron bunches have also been identified as a candidate tool to achieve unprecedented sub-10 fs temporal resolution in ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) experiments. High repetition rate operation is desirable to improve data collection statistics and thus washout shot-to-shot charge fluctuations inherent to plasma accelerators. It is well known that high-quality electron beams can be achieved in the blowout, or "bubble" regime, which is at present regularly accessed with ≈ 30 fs Joule-class lasers that can perform up to few shots per second. Our group on the contraryutilized a cutting edge laser system producing few-mJ pulses compressed nearly to a single optical cycle (3.4 fs) to demonstrate for the first time an MeV-grade particle accelerator with properties characteristic to the blowout regime operating at 1 kHz repetition rate. We further investigate the plasma density profile and exact laser pulse waveform effects on the source output, and show that using special gas microjets a charge of tens of pC/shot can be achieved. We expect this technique to lead to a generation of highly accessible and robust instruments for the scientific community to conduct UED experiments or to be used for other applications. This work also serves to expand our knowledge on the scalability of laser-plasma acceleration
Böhle, Frederik. „Near-single-cycle laser for driving relativistic plasma mirrors at kHz repetition rate - development and application“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX116/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVery short light pulses allow us to resolve ultrafast processes in molecules, atoms and condensed matter. This started with the advent of Femtochemistry, for which Ahmed Zewail received the Novel Prize in Chemistry in 1999. Ever since, researcher have been trying to push the temporal resolution further and we have now reached attosecond pulse durations. Their generation, however, remains very challenging and various different generation mechanisms are the topic of heated research around the world.Our group focuses on attosecond pulse generation and ultrashort electron bunch acceleration on solid targets. In particular, this thesis deals with the upgrade of a high intensity, high contrast, kHz, femtosecond laser chain to reach the relativistic interaction regime on solid targets. Few cycle driving laser pulses should allow the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses. A requirement to perform true attosecond pump-probe exeriments.To achive this, a HCF postcompression scheme has been conceived and implemented to shorten the duration of a traditional laser amplifier. With this a peak intensity of 1TW was achieved with near-single-cycle pulse duration. For controlled experiments, a vacuum beamline was developed and implemented to accurately control the laser and plasma conditions on target.During the second part of this thesis, this laser chain was put in action to drive relativistic harmonic generation on solid targets. It was the first time ever that this has been achieved at 1 kHz. By CEP gating the few-cycle-pulses, single attosecond pulses were generated. This conclusion has been supported by numerical simulations. Additionally a new regime to accelerate electron bunches on soft gradients has been detected
Laporte, Matthieu. „Amélioration et exploitation d’un simulateur électro-optique du détecteur spatial d’ondes gravitationnelles LISA“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe first gravitational waves detection in 2015 opened a brand new window on astrophysics and cosmology. Developement and enhancement of new instruments, coupled with electromagnetic observations, will help with the understanding of quite unknow objects of the Universe, such as black holes. In this context, the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) will be the first space-based interferometric detector of gravitational waves. The effect of a gravitational wave is a weak periodic distortion of space-time but still observable with interferometric measurments. LISA will detect length variation in the range of picometer, for an arm length in the range of a million kilometer, which corresponds to a relative variation of 〖10〗^(-21). Such sensitivity levels require advanced noise reduction techniques which have to be tested both numerically and experimentally. The dominant noise on the measurement is the frequency noise of the laser. Besides laser stabilisation techniques, a data processing technique called time delay interferometry (TDI) will be needed. It allows to virtually reconstruct an equal arm interferometer, so that the frequency noise of the laser is canceled. This is the main noise reduction technique which is tested by the core experiment of this thesis work. The LISA On Table (LOT) is a simulator comprised of both an electronic and an optical part that can simulate realistic signals of LISA to test TDI. It enables simulated delayed signals, representative of the travel time of the light between satellites, to interfere. The experiment having its own instrumental noises, it is necessary to work on their comprehension and reduction. Moreover, the LOT can be used to test other key features of the mission, such as clock noise transfer, and instruments prototypes such as the phasemeter. the conducted studies made the LOT operational under vacuum, thus limiting the instrumental noises. With the experiment, TDI can be validated in a representative uneven arm length configuration of LISA. Doppler effect simulations are also tested
Chappert, André. „Propagation de la lumière et conception du phénomène lumineux : du début du XIXe siècle à la naissance de la théorie de la relativité“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010511.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe gradual adoption of Fresbel's conceptions and the edification of a vibratory and ware theory of light give its unity to the period that goes from the beginning to the nineteenth century to the birth of the theory of relativity. It is useful to examine how the propagation of light was understood during this period of time. But such a study necessarily implies an analysis of the concept of the "light phenomenon". This designation relates to all the manifestations of light. The examination of the different theories of the propagation of the light perturbation is not sufficient. One must also take into account the formation of a wave kinematics and an undulatory mechanism; hence a deep transformation of the conception of the light phenomenon. This conception has also been definitively marked by the importance given to the energy aspects of the propagation of light. The notion of light ray has thus been the subject of different specifications. Finally, the problems raised by the forming of the image in an instrument provide an instructive illustration of the complementary approachs - electromagnetic, analytic, undulatory, energy-of the light phenomenon. The kind of rationality that gaverns its representation, on the eve of the quantum and relativistic revisions, is definable
Hakl, Michael. „Infrared magneto-spectroscopy of relativistic-like electrons in three-dimensional solids“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY085/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of the Dirac/Weyl equation leads to a conceptual simplification in a description of the band structure in solids at low energy scales. In particular, electron-hole excitations can be regarded as an analogue to the relativistic case with several expected phenomena to be observed in the condensed systems such as a suppressed back-scattering, linear optical conductivity or the manifestation of the Fermi arcs and particle's chirality. Moreover, the semimetallic phase also symbolizes a boundary between the trivial and topological insulators and thus play a crucial role for the material classification. The size of the gap qualitatively affects the type of the energy dispersion by a continuous crossover from the linear to parabolic bands. This fact can be easily understood as a classical or ultra-relativistic limit of the motion of a free massive particle.Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy is a unique technique for studying optical excitations in a wide range of energies and it represents in combination with the high magnetic field a powerful tool for probing electronic structure and overcomes the main obstacle of the gapless systems that is a strong doping due to the structural disorder.The first part of the work is devoted to cadmium arsenide, where we elaborate an approach to qualitatively distinguish between the Dirac and Kane systems that was used to prove on the basis of the observed magneto-optical response the realization of the nearly gapless Kane model with a striking similarity to HgCdTe, contradicting the existence of purely Dirac cones. The magneto-reflectivity revealed a strong splitting of the plasma edge that turns into the cyclotron resonance characteristic by a squareroot-of-B dependence in the high magnetic field with a particular behaviour in the quantum limit independent on the initial Fermi level. In contrast, the magneto-transmission revealed interband Landau level transitions that could be only interpreted as a flat-to-cone type in order to preserve a full consistency of the model. The Dirac cones predicted by theory are feasible to coexist within the Kane model in the form of a substructure described by the Bodnar model that approximates the complex crystal structure by a simple antifluorite cell, which allows to use the conventional k.p-theory.In the second part, we focus on bismuth selenide entitled as an archetypal 3D topological insulator. We study a peculiar condition fulfilled for the BHZ-hamiltonian that brings intriguing properties such as an unusual relation of the spin gap and cyclotron resonance, the specific pinning between fancharts of Landau subsets or the compensated g-factors of the conduction and valence bands. The photoluminescence measurements showed a direct-gap emission, that gives a new insight to the widely accepted structure from ARPES data, where the declared camel-back structure of the valence band needs to be explained within the surface confinement and the Dirac point of the surface state should be repositioned with respect to the bulk bands. The magneto-optical response can be fully explained in a classical picture of the Pauli paramagnetism as a purely occupational effect. Such behaviour is evinced in the transmission as a gradual splitting of the interband absorption edge with a successive saturation due to the partial or total spin polarization of electrons. The related dichroism drives also a strong linear Faraday rotation described by a simple model of the Verdet constant that depends only on the Fermi level
Zaim, Neïl. „Modeling electron acceleration driven by relativistic intensity few-cycle laser pulses on overdense plasmas“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX089.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis theoretical and numerical thesis is devoted to electron acceleration from the interaction between a relativistic intensity laser pulse and an overdense plasma. This interaction is very sensitive to the density profile at the plasma front surface and two different regimes, which correspond to two distinct lines of research investigated in this thesis, can be considered.First, for sharp plasma-vacuum interfaces, the mechanisms responsible for electron emission are well understood. The electrons receive in particular a large energy gain from their interaction in vacuum with the reflected laser. We propose to optimize the acceleration by using radially polarized beams, which exhibit a strong longitudinal electric field that can directly accelerate electrons in the laser propagation direction. We show that overdense plasmas lead to more efficient acceleration than other existing methods for injecting electrons into a radially polarized pulse. This result was confirmed by recent experiments performed at CEA Saclay, in which electron acceleration in the longitudinal direction, leading to a decrease in the electron beam angular spread, is demonstrated.Secondly, for larger plasma gradient scale lengths, the interaction is not as well understood. We analyze recent experiments performed in this regime at LOA with few-cycle pulses and find that electrons are accelerated by a laser wakefield formed in the near-critical part of the plasma. This process can only be driven by few-cycle pulses, by virtue of the resonant condition, and is characterized by the rotation of the plasma waves induced by the density gradient
Réal, Florent Schamps Joël Flament Jean-Pierre. „Simulation ab initio des propriétés optiques des matériaux photoluminescents et apports méthodologiques dans le cadre d'une approche locale de cluster environné“. Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3788. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque partie.
Roussel, Éléonore. „Spatio-temporal dynamics of relativistic electron bunches during the microbunching instability : study of the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10067/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRelativistic electron bunches circulating in storage rings are used to produce intense radiation from far-infrared to X-rays. However, above a density threshold value, the interaction between the electron bunch and its own radiation can lead to a spatio-temporal instability called microbunching instability. This instability is characterized by a strong emission of coherent THz radiation (typically 105 times stronger than the classical synchrotron radiation) which is a signature of the presence of microstructures (at mm scale) in the electron bunch. This instability is known to be a fundamental limitation of the operation of synchrotron light sources at high beam current. In this thesis, we have focused on this instability from a nonlinear dynamics point of view by combining experimental studies carried out at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings with numerical studies mainly based on the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. In a first step, due to the very indirect nature of the experimental observations, we have sought to deduce information on the microstructure wavenumber either by looking at the temporal evolution of the THz signal emitted during the instability or by studying the response of the electron bunch to a laser perturbation. In a second step, we have achieved direct, real time observations of the microstructures dynamics through two new, very different, detection techniques: a thin-film superconductor-based detector at UVSOR, and a spectrally-encoded electro-optic detection technique at SOLEIL. These new available experimental observations have allowed severe comparisons with the theoretical models
Réal, Florent. „Simulation ab initio des propriétés optiques des matériaux photoluminescents et apports méthodologiques dans le cadre d'une approche de cluster environné“. Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Real.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNizamani, Altaf Hussain. „Yb+ ion trapping and optimum planar trap geometries for scalable quantum technology“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7171/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoussel, Eléonore. „Spatio-temporal dynamics of relativistic electron bunches during the microbunching instability : study of the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRelativistic electron bunches circulating in storage rings are used to produce intense radiation from far-infrared to X-rays. However, above a density threshold value, the interaction between the electron bunch and its own radiation can lead to a spatio-temporal instability called microbunching instability. This instability is characterized by a strong emission of coherent THz radiation (typically 105 times stronger than the classical synchrotron radiation) which is a signature of the presence of microstructures (at mm scale) in the electron bunch. This instability is known to be a fundamental limitation of the operation of synchrotron light sources at high beam current. In this thesis, we have focused on this instability from a nonlinear dynamics point of view by combining experimental studies carried out at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and UVSOR storage rings with numerical studies mainly based on the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation. In a first step, due to the very indirect nature of the experimental observations, we have sought to deduce information on the microstructure wavenumber either by looking at the temporal evolution of the THz signal emitted during the instability or by studying the response of the electron bunch to a laser perturbation. In a second step, we have achieved direct, real time observations of the microstructures dynamics through two new, very different, detection techniques: a thin-film superconductor-based detector at UVSOR, and a spectrally-encoded electro-optic detection technique at SOLEIL. These new available experimental observations have allowed severe comparisons with the theoretical models
Ahoyo, Thierry. „Application de la théorie diachronique au paradoxe des jumeaux : intégration d'un amplificateur optique à base de semiconducteur à un guide d'onde effilé /“. 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=885680611&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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