Zeitschriftenartikel: „Optimal thickness“

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Bissonnette, Jean-Pierre, I. A. Cunningham und P. Munro. „Optimal phosphor thickness for portal imaging“. Medical Physics 24, Nr. 6 (Juni 1997): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.598002.

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Kazemzade, Alireza. „Nonmagnetic Ultrawideband Absorber With Optimal Thickness“. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, Nr. 1 (Januar 2011): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2010.2090481.

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Xin, Tengda, Hua Wang, Cunyan Cui und Jiguang Zhao. „An optimal design model for the wall thickness of the propellant tank“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, Nr. 2 (02.08.2019): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019867218.

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The propellant tank is a vital part for the liquid rocket, and the optimal design of the propellant tank is a significant research to develop the heavy rocket. This paper aims at providing an optimal design model for tank wall thickness. Through establishing the tank mathematical model, analyzing the stress distributions of tank, and defining the equivalent stress of tank, the wall thickness parameters of tank roof, cylinder, and bottom are obtained. The effects of tank parameters on the wall thickness are analyzed to determine the distribution rules of tank roof, cylinder, and bottom wall thickness parameters. Combined with the safety factor that is defined as the ratio of the material's ultimate stress to the maximum equivalent stress, the optimal design model with invariable tank roof and bottom wall thicknesses and variable tank cylinder wall thickness is established. Finally, the optimal design model is verified by comparing the optimal tank with the original tank. The results show that the optimal design model can effectively decrease the mass of the tank and improve the stress distribution of the tank.

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Hou, Shou Wu, Ying Hou Jiao und Zhao Bo Chen. „Optimum Layout of Partially Covered Sandwich Beam with Constrained Layer Damping“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (Juli 2011): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.588.

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In this paper, an optimization study of partially covered beam with a constrained viscoelastic layer is presented. An energy approach and Lagrange’s method are used to establish the governing equation of motion of a CLD covered beam, and the assumed modes method is employed in solving the equation to obtain the modal loss factors which are used as the objective of optimal layout. A genetic algorithm of big mutation is employed to search for the optimum of the patch’s location, the thicknesses of both the constraining layer (CL) and the viscoelastic layer (VL) and the shear modulus of the viscoelastic material with the restriction of added volume of the total CLD treatment. Numerical results show that the optima of the design variables are highly relevant to each other. The thinner constraining layer requires a softer viscoelastic material for an optimal damping treatment. The variation of the CL thickness decreases slowly and that of the VL thickness increases with the increase of the thickness of the CLD treatment. One end of optimal damping treatment locates closely one end of base beam.

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Suryadi, Gema Sukmawati, Susiani Susiani, Mawan Nugraha, Balqis Azhar Ulfah Alifah und Meuthia Suryani. „OPTICAL DENSITY OF YELLOW PRINTS AT COATED AND UNCOATED PAPER“. Jurnal Ilmiah Publipreneur 7, Nr. 2 (05.09.2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46961/jip.v7i2.84.

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Optical Density is one of the important parameters used to control print quality. Optical density in print materials is form of interaction of ink with paper. This research is oriented to the investigation of optical density value of Yellow printing ink on coated and uncoated paper. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of printing ink thickness on optimal density value. The optical density value of yellow prints obtained using densitometer measurement, printed using IGT method on coated and uncoated paper. Ink thickness variations are applied (0.8 - 9.6 μm). Density values was found to increase as the ink layer thickness increased to a certain point called the optimal density (2.4 μm ink thickness on coated paper and 4.5 μm on uncoated paper). Optical density of yellow printing ink on coated paper is higher uncoated paper, which relates to porosity on paper

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Hoang, Chu Manh, Takuya Iida, Le Tri Dat, Ho Thanh Huy und Nguyen Duy Vy. „Optimal coating thickness for enhancement of optical effects in optical multilayer-based metrologies“. Optics Communications 403 (November 2017): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.07.023.

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Yao, Zhuojun. „Optimal Thickness Design of Thermal Protective Clothing“. Science Discovery 7, Nr. 3 (2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20190703.14.

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Robertson, S. A., J. E. Rusby und R. I. Cutress. „Determinants of optimal mastectomy skin flap thickness“. British Journal of Surgery 101, Nr. 8 (24.03.2014): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9470.

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邵, 瑞琼. „Optimal Thickness Design of Thermal Protective Clothing“. Applied Physics 09, Nr. 11 (2019): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/app.2019.911057.

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Hackiewicz, Klaudia, Jarosław Rutkowski und Piotr Martyniuk. „Optimal absorber thickness in interband cascade photodetectors“. Infrared Physics & Technology 95 (Dezember 2018): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2018.10.035.

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Stanford, Bret, und Philip Beran. „Optimal thickness distributions of aeroelastic flapping shells“. Aerospace Science and Technology 24, Nr. 1 (Januar 2013): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.10.011.

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Mukanbet kyzy, E., und N. Dyykanbaeva. „STUDY THE OPTIMAL THICKNESS OF BUILDING ENVELOPES“. Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, Nr. 2-2020 (06.07.2020): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.2.280-285.

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In this paper, the main provisions and results of the study of the optimal thickness of the building envelope are considered. It is also necessary that the tightness of the enclosing structure does not allow overcooling of the room and does not violate the heat-shielding properties of the building. Wetting of fences reduces the durability of structures, increases heat loss, creates humidity in the room, therefore it is stipulated that the fences must have a normal humidity regime.

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Nakamura, Noboru, und Lei Wang. „On the Thickness Ratio in the Quasigeostrophic Two-Layer Model of Baroclinic Instability“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, Nr. 5 (23.04.2013): 1505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0344.1.

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Abstract It is shown that the classical quasigeostrophic two-layer model of baroclinic instability possesses an optimal ratio of layer thicknesses that maximizes the growth rate, given the basic-state shear (thermal wind), beta, and the mean Rossby radius. This ratio is interpreted as the vertical structure of the most unstable mode. For positive shear and beta, the optimal thickness of the lower layer approaches the midheight of the model in the limit of strong criticality (shear/beta) but it is proportional to criticality in the opposite limit. For a set of parameters typical of the earth’s midlatitudes, the growth rate maximizes at a lower-layer thickness substantially less than the midheight and at a correspondingly larger zonal wavenumber. It is demonstrated that a turbulent baroclinic jet whose statistical steady state is marginally critical when run with equal layer thicknesses can remain highly supercritical when run with a nearly optimal thickness ratio.

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Bezirganyan, S. E., H. P. Bezirganyan, P. H. Bezirganyan und H. H. Bezirganyan. „Optimal thickness of non-diffracting subsurface mirrors of X-ray optical memory“. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 63, a1 (22.08.2007): s253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307094263.

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15

Slaba, Tony C., Amir A. Bahadori, Brandon D. Reddell, Robert C. Singleterry, Martha S. Clowdsley und Steve R. Blattnig. „Optimal shielding thickness for galactic cosmic ray environments“. Life Sciences in Space Research 12 (Februar 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2016.12.003.

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Lo, H. C., C. T. Li, Y. T. Chen, C. T. Yang, W. C. Luo, W. Y. Lu, C. F. Cheng et al. „CMOS on dual SOI thickness for optimal performance“. Microelectronic Engineering 87, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2010): 2531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2010.06.006.

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Engelhardt, Timm O., Gabriel Djedovic, Gerhard Pierer und Ulrich M. Rieger. „Optimal Lubricant for Split-Thickness Skin Graft Harvest“. Journal of Burn Care & Research 33, Nr. 3 (2012): e177-e178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bcr.0b013e31823346e5.

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18

Bailey, C. M., und G. T. McAllister. „On the optimal control of minimum film thickness“. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 67, Nr. 1 (Oktober 1990): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00939733.

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19

Kargi, Fikret, und Jung Keug Park. „Optimal biofilm thickness for fluidised-bed biofilm reactors“. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 32, Nr. 7-12 (24.04.2007): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5030320710.

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20

McGarragh, Gregory R., Caroline A. Poulsen, Gareth E. Thomas, Adam C. Povey, Oliver Sus, Stefan Stapelberg, Cornelia Schlundt et al. „The Community Cloud retrieval for CLimate (CC4CL) – Part 2: The optimal estimation approach“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, Nr. 6 (13.06.2018): 3397–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3397-2018.

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Abstract. The Community Cloud retrieval for Climate (CC4CL) is a cloud property retrieval system for satellite-based multispectral imagers and is an important component of the Cloud Climate Change Initiative (Cloud_cci) project. In this paper we discuss the optimal estimation retrieval of cloud optical thickness, effective radius and cloud top pressure based on the Optimal Retrieval of Aerosol and Cloud (ORAC) algorithm. Key to this method is the forward model, which includes the clear-sky model, the liquid water and ice cloud models, the surface model including a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), and the "fast" radiative transfer solution (which includes a multiple scattering treatment). All of these components and their assumptions and limitations will be discussed in detail. The forward model provides the accuracy appropriate for our retrieval method. The errors are comparable to the instrument noise for cloud optical thicknesses greater than 10. At optical thicknesses less than 10 modeling errors become more significant. The retrieval method is then presented describing optimal estimation in general, the nonlinear inversion method employed, measurement and a priori inputs, the propagation of input uncertainties and the calculation of subsidiary quantities that are derived from the retrieval results. An evaluation of the retrieval was performed using measurements simulated with noise levels appropriate for the MODIS instrument. Results show errors less than 10 % for cloud optical thicknesses greater than 10. Results for clouds of optical thicknesses less than 10 have errors up to 20 %.

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Zuo, Ying Hong, Sheng Li Niu und Jin Hui Zhu. „Optimization Simulation of Neutron Shielding Performance of Iron/Borated-Polyethylene Composite Structure“. Materials Science Forum 934 (Oktober 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.61.

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To obtain the optimization design of neutron shielding by iron/borated-polyethylene composite structure, we built a neutron shielding model of two layers of iron and borated-polyethylene. For neutron with various energies, the neutron transmission coefficients of iron/borated-polyethylene composite shield with different thicknesses were obtained by using Monte Carlo method. The simulation results show that, when neutron energy is 14 MeV and the total thickness of the composite shield is 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm, the optimal thickness ratio of iron to borated-polyethylene is about 0.7: 0.3, 0.725: 0.275, and 0.75: 0.25, respectively. The optimal thickness ratio of iron to borated-polyethylene is usually higher than the case of iron/polyethylene composite structure.

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Li, Ya-Lin, Xiao-Guang Cui und Xiao-Yong Fang. „Numerical Analysis and Optimal Design of All-Optical Fiber Differential Acceleration Sensor“. Sensor Letters 18, Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4175.

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In order to improve the sensitivity of measurement and realize its miniaturization, an all-optical fiber differential acceleration sensor is studied. This sensor adopts a novel four-port ring fiber coupler, which can realizes the difference of optical signals and the isolation of light source and optical signal. Therefore, the sensitivity of this sensor is doubled compared with that of traditional fiber sensors. The stress–strain relationship simulation results of the sensor probe model show that with the increase of the measured acceleration value, the relative sensitivity, relative resolution, and relative error of the sensor all decrease. In the structural parameters of the probe-sensitive unit, the film thickness has the greatest influence on the performance of the sensor. The radius of the diaphragm 65 μm, a thickness of 2 μm, taking the thickness of the center of mass 20 μm, the mass 20 μm taken radius conditions, sensitivity of this fiber acceleration sensor is not less than 0.0025 m–1 · s2, less than 2% error, the linear measuring range of 0 to 2800 m · s–2. This design combines microelectronics and optical fiber technology, which can more easily realize the miniaturization and multi-function of acceleration sensor.

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Zhang, Dongdong, Tang Qi und Ling Zheng. „A hierarchical optimization strategy for position and thickness optimization of constrained layer damping/plate to minimize sound radiation power“. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2018): 168781401880325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018803259.

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A hierarchical optimization strategy is proposed to optimally design constrained layer damping materials patched on the base plate for minimizing sound radiation power. A sound radiation optimization model is established by taking positions and thicknesses of constrained layer damping materials as design variables, and added mass as constraints. The hierarchical optimization procedure is implemented, in which evolutionary structural optimization method is employed to get optimal position layouts of constrained layer damping materials, and genetic algorithm is used to find optimal thickness configurations of constrained layer damping materials by taking the plate with optimal position layouts of constrained layer damping materials as initial structure. Two sound power sensitivities are formulated and compared for position optimization. Numerical examples in which unweighted/weighted objective functions are considered are presented, optimal positions and thickness configurations of constrained layer damping materials patched on the plate are obtained and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is very effective to achieve larger sound power reduction by reconfiguring the thickness of constrained layer damping materials for the results of position optimization.

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Iwabuchi, Hironobu, Soichiro Yamada, Shuichiro Katagiri, Ping Yang und Hajime Okamoto. „Radiative and Microphysical Properties of Cirrus Cloud Inferred from Infrared Measurements Made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Part I: Retrieval Method“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, Nr. 5 (Mai 2014): 1297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0215.1.

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AbstractAn optimal estimation–based algorithm is developed to infer the global-scale distribution of cirrus cloud radiative and microphysical properties from the measurements made by the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) at three infrared (IR) window bands centered at 8.5, 11, and 12 μm. Cloud-top and underlying surface temperatures, as a priori information, are obtained from the MODIS operational products. A fast-forward model based on semianalytical equations for the brightness temperature is used. The modeling errors in brightness temperature are mainly from the uncertainties in model parameters including surface emissivity, precipitable water, and cloud-base temperature. The total measurement–model errors are well correlated for the three bands, which are considered in the retrieval. The most important factors for the accurate retrieval of cloud optical thickness and the effective particle radius are cloud-top and surface temperatures, whereas model parameter uncertainties constitute a moderately significant error source. The three-band IR method is suitable for retrieving optical thickness and effective radius for cloud optical thicknesses within a range of 0.5–6, where the typical root-mean-square error is less than 20% in optical thickness and less than 40% in effective particle radius. A tropical-region case study demonstrates the advantages of the method—in particular, the ability to be applied to more pixels in optically thin cirrus in comparison with a solar-reflection-based method—and the ability of the optimal estimation framework to produce useful diagnostics of the retrieval quality. Collocated comparisons with spaceborne active remote sensing data exhibit reasonable consistency with respect to retrieved particle size.

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Plotnikov, S. M. „Method for determining of the optimal thickness of sheets of magnetic cores of electrical machines by the wattmeter method“. Metrologiya, Nr. 3 (27.09.2021): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0132-4713.2021-3-35-47.

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The problem of reducing magnetic losses (no-load losses) in the steel of the magnetic cores of electrical machines is investigated. The tasc of determining the optimal thickness of steel sheets of the magnetic circuit of an electric machine is considered. The criterion for optimality is the minimum power of magnetic losses in steel. Currently, this problem does not have an exact solution due to the fact that the exact ratio of the hysteresis and eddy current components of magnetic losses in steel is unknown. Analyzed the power of magnetic losses in modern electrical machines and devices, depending on the thickness of the sheets of electrical steel. A method is proposed for determining the optimal thickness of steel sheets of the magnetic circuit of an electric machine based on the wattmeter method. In the course of the experiment, two identical magnetic circuits were selected from steel sheets of different thicknesses, for which the losses in steel were measured at different frequencies of magnetization reversal and the optimal thickness of the sheets was calculated. The proposed formula for calculating the thickness of the sheets is valid for both isotropic and anisotropic steel. The proposed technique can be used for both transformers and electric motors and generators.

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Marutyan, Alexander S. „Optimization of channels and I-shaped bended closed profiles with tubular shelves from sheets of different thicknesses“. Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 17, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 140–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2021-17-2-140-164.

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The continuation of optimization of channels and I-beams bent closed profiles (BCP) with tubular flanges made of rolled sheet of different thicknesses is presented. Such profiles are intended for light steel thin-walled structures (LSWS), which are distinguished by high technical and economic indicators and massive demand in industrial and civil construction, which confirms the relevance of their further development. The main results of the calculation of the optimal bending arrangement of composite sections of I-beams from sheet blanks of different thicknesses, including channel-type BCPs unified in terms of optimal parameters, are also presented. The aim of the study is to show that the characteristics of the LSWS can be further improved by shaping profiles, combining straight and round outlines of closed and open contours in a composite section. Methods. By means of experimental design studies, solution of optimization problems and variant design of I-profiles, their composite sections from sheet blanks of different thicknesses, including blanks of channel profiles, have been refined. The originality of channels and I-shaped BCP has been confirmed by patent examination. Results. The I-shaped BCP consists of two tubular shelves and one double thickness wall. Calculation of the optimal layout of an I-shaped BCP made of rolled sheet of different thicknesses for bending showed that the bearing capacity is limited by the ratio of the thickness of the flanges and the wall of its composite section. In particular, when the thickness of the flanges is 2 times the wall thickness, the strength is maximum at a ratio of width to height of 1/11, and when the thickness of the flanges is 0.6 times the wall thickness, the strength is maximum at a ratio of 1/3.3. With the ratios of the width and height of I-shaped BCP of 1/2.68...1/3 and channel-type BCPs of 1/5.36...1/6, their composite sections should be optimally assembled from standardized blanks.

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Jia, Jiuhong, Yue Ren, Weiming Wang, Zuoyu Liao, Xiancheng Zhang und Shan-Tung Tu. „Optimal Design Methodology of Tapered Waveguide Transducers for Thickness Monitoring“. Sensors 20, Nr. 7 (29.03.2020): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071892.

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For the purpose of providing transducers for long-term monitoring of wall thinning of critical pressure equipment in corrosion or high temperature environments, the optimal design methodology for tapered waveguide units was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the feasibility of the quasi-fundamental shear horizontal (SH0*) wave propagating in the tapered waveguide units was analyzed via numerical simulations, and the transmitting limitations of the non-dispersive SH0* wave were researched. Secondly, several tapered waveguide transducers with varying cross-sections to transmit pure SH0* wave were designed according to the numerical results. Experimental investigations were carried out, and the results were compared with waveguide transducers with a prismatic cross-section. It was found that the tapered waveguide units can transmit non-dispersive shear horizontal waves and suppress the wave attenuation at the same time. The experimental results agreed very well with the numerical simulations. Finally, high-temperature experiments were carried out, and the reliability of thickness measuring by the tapered waveguide transducers was validated. The errors between the measured and the true thicknesses were small. This work paves a solid foundation for the optimal design of tapered waveguide transducers for thickness monitoring of equipment in harsh environments.

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Lee, Kuang Chyi, Yuan Cheng Liang und Chien Chang Lin. „Analysis for Repairing the Cracked PVC Pipe“. Materials Science Forum 505-507 (Januar 2006): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.565.

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This paper proposes a stress analysis model for the cracked PVC pipe. The cracked PVC pipe is rehabilitated with an inner composite epoxy material by a dig-free method. The optimal thickness which can get the maximal flow rate after rehabilitated will be found by the finite element model. When the crack width of the pipe with 324 degree crack angle is 30 mm, the optimal thicknesses will be obtained with the compression ratio of 5%. The optimal thicknesses of theφ 300 ,φ 400 , φ 500 and φ 600 PVC pipes are 0.6, 0.8, 1.1 and 2.5 mm respectively. With these optimal thicknesses, the flow rates of rehabilitated pipes are lager than 98% the flow rates of original pipes.

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Utreja, L. R., und T. J. Chung. „Combined Convection–Conduction–Radiation Boundary Layer Flows Using Optimal Control Penalty Finite Elements“. Journal of Heat Transfer 111, Nr. 2 (01.05.1989): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250695.

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Numerical solutions for combined convection and radiation in a laminar boundary layer on an isothermal wall are obtained using optimal control penalty (OCP) finite elements. The integro-differential energy equation is solved without any limitation of optical thickness. The expression for the divergence of radiation flux containing integral terms is written in terms of a one-dimensional radiation field for a flat plate geometry. The radiation interaction effect on the temperature distribution in the boundary layer is described. The solution of the integro-differential energy equation is then compared with known solutions in the limits of optical thickness.

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Yang, Min, Shuyu Chen, Caixing Fu und Ping Sheng. „Optimal sound-absorbing structures“. Materials Horizons 4, Nr. 4 (2017): 673–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00129k.

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Absorption by design, with minimal sample thickness allowed by the law of nature, can now be realized by using a design recipe that incorporates the causal constraint of acoustic response as a crucial element.

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Gau, Chung-Yun, und Souran Manoochehri. „Optimal Design of a Nonhomogeneous Annular Disk Under Pressure Loadings“. Journal of Mechanical Design 116, Nr. 4 (01.12.1994): 989–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919509.

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A method for the design of nonhomogeneous, variable-thickness, annular disks under internal and external pressures satisfying Tresca yield criterion is presented in this paper. The effects of varying the disk thickness and stiffness properties to achieve a fully stressed design are investigated. Analytical solutions for distributions of Young’s modulus and disk thickness variations have been developed for the case of fully stressed designs. Examples are given for three different cases, namely, constant thickness with variable Young’s modulus, variable thickness with constant Young’s modulus, and variable thickness with variable Young’s modulus. In the last case, due to the existence of many alternative solutions, optimal design techniques have been utilized. Application of the developed methodology for optimal designs of short fiber composites with random fiber orientations is discussed. The optimization results of fiber volume fraction distributions and thickness variations for a disk made of nylon 66 matrix with E glass fiber are given under specified pressure loadings.

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Cui, Wei, Takeshi Kondo, Takahisa Sato, Hirofumi Anno, Ida Yoshihiro, Masayoshi Sarai, Hitoshi Shinozaki et al. „The optimal slice thickness for left ventricular volume calculation“. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41, Nr. 6 (März 2003): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(03)81253-6.

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Van Mulder, T. J. S., D. Van Nuffel, M. Demolder, G. De Meyer, S. Moens, K. C. L. Beyers, V. V. J. Vankerckhoven, P. Van Damme und H. Theeten. „Skin thickness measurements for optimal intradermal injections in children“. Vaccine 38, Nr. 4 (Januar 2020): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.002.

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Wang, Xiao-Hui, Feng Shi, Hui Guo, Cang-Lu Hu, Hong-Chang Cheng, Ben-Kang Chang, Ling Ren, Yu-Jie Du und Jun-Ju Zhang. „The optimal thickness of a transmission-mode GaN photocathode“. Chinese Physics B 21, Nr. 8 (August 2012): 087901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/21/8/087901.

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Xu, J. P., P. T. Lai, B. Han und W. M. Tang. „Determination of optimal insulator thickness for MISiC hydrogen sensors“. Solid-State Electronics 48, Nr. 9 (September 2004): 1673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2004.04.002.

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Petersson, Joakim. „A Finite Element Analysis of Optimal Variable Thickness Sheets“. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 36, Nr. 6 (Januar 1999): 1759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036142996313968.

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Zhou, Y. C., J. Zhou, J. M. Zhao, S. T. Zhang, Y. Q. Zhan, X. Z. Wang, Y. Wu, X. M. Ding und X. Y. Hou. „Optimal thickness of hole transport layer in doped OLEDs“. Applied Physics A 83, Nr. 3 (21.03.2006): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-006-3575-3.

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38

Zal'tsman, E. B. „Optimal electrical thickness of dielectric samples in resonator measurements“. Measurement Techniques 31, Nr. 8 (August 1988): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00863494.

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Lee, D. K., und S. K. Soh. „Prediction of optimal preform thickness distribution in blow molding“. Polymer Engineering & Science 36, Nr. 11 (Mai 1996): 1513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.10546.

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Dylewski, Robert, und Janusz Adamczyk. „Impact of the Degree Days of the Heating Period on Economically and Ecologically Optimal Thermal Insulation Thickness“. Energies 14, Nr. 1 (26.12.2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010097.

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The article proposes methods for determining the optimal thermal insulation thickness for economic and ecological reasons, depending on the number of degree days of the heating period. Life cycle assessment was used for the ecological analysis. Analyses were performed for selected variants typical of Polish conditions. The optimal thermal insulation thickness as well as the amount of economic and ecological benefits depends very much on the condition of the building without thermal insulation, but also on the heat source used and the thermal insulation material to be used. For each variant, the optimal thermal insulation thickness for ecological reasons is much greater than the optimal for economic reasons. Taking into consideration the climatic zone and the associated number of degree days of the heating period, the colder the zone, the greater the optimal insulation thickness, as well as economic and ecological benefits.

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Liu, Qi Wen, Fei Chen, Qiang Shen und Lian Meng Zhang. „Optimal Design for Ceramic Radomes with A-Sandwich Structure“. Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.29.

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The radome performance is evaluated by means of a computer aided design (CAD) for the wall structure of multilayer ceramic radome in accordance with the microwave propagation theory. The calculation model for the ceramic radome with A-sandwich structure is built. By optimizing the thickness of the whole wall and the thickness and dielectric constant of skins and core layer, the power transmission efficiency at a broadband frequency of A-sandwich structure ceramic radome is calculated especially. The calculation results suggest that when the wall thickness is 6 mm, the thickness ratio of surface layer to core layer is 1:15 and dielectric constant of core layer is less than 2.5, the maximal broadband transmission efficiency is obtained.

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Mo, Chun Li, Xing Wei Tang und Xu Ming Guo. „48″600lb Full-Welded Ball Valve Wall Thickness Optimal Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (Juli 2012): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.401.

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Fully-welded ball valve has been applied in large oil and gas pipelines, and its quality is directly related to the safety of the transportation of national energy. The wall thickness of 48″600lb ball valve is greater than theoretical design thickness. In this article, FEM software was used to design minimum wall thickness using linear stress analysis method. Though changing wall thickness under design pressure, the minimum wall was 85mm which calculated by linear stress analysis method can provide theoretical support for practical engineering application

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Mo, Chun Li, Gang Li und Yong Chen. „48″900lb Full-Welded Ball Valve Wall Thickness Optimal Design“. Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1826.

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Fully-welded ball valve has been applied in large oil and gas pipelines, and its quality is directly related to the safety of the transportation of national energy. The wall thickness of 48900lb ball valve is greater than theoretical design thickness. In this article, FEM software was used to design minimum wall thickness using linear stress analysis method. Though changing wall thickness under design pressure, the minimum wall was 95mm which calculated by linear stress analysis method can provide theoretical support for practical engineering application.

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Mohandes, Yousof, Masoud Tahani, Gholamreza Rouhi und Mohammad Tahami. „A mechanobiological approach to find the optimal thickness for the locking compression plate: Finite element investigations“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 235, Nr. 4 (09.01.2021): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920985757.

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This study aimed at finding the acceptable range, and the optimal value for the locking compression plate (LCP) thickness (THK), through simulating the osteogenic pathway of bone healing, and by checking bone-plate construct’s strength and stability. To attain the goals of this research, a multi-objective approach was adopted, which should trade-off between some conflicting objectives. A finite element model of the long bone-plate construct was made first, and validated against an experimental study. The validated model was then employed to determine the initial strength and stability of the bone-plate construct, for the time right after surgery, for various thicknesses of the LCP. Afterward, coupling with a mechano-regulatory algorithm, the iterative process of bone healing was simulated, and follow up was made for each LCP thickness, over the first 16 post-operative weeks. Results of this study regarding the sequence of tissue evolution inside the fracture gap, showed a similar trend with the existing in-vivo data. For the material and structural properties assigned to the bone-plate construct, in this study, an optimal thickness for the LCP was found to be 4.7 mm, which provides an enduring fixation through secondary healing, whereas for an LCP with a smaller or greater thickness, either bone-implant failure, unstable fixation, impaired fracture consolidation, or primary healing may occur. This result is in agreement with a recent study, that has employed a comprehensive optimization approach to find the optimal thickness.

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Lyu, Xinwei, Jiusi Guo, Liangrui Chen, Yi Gao, Lu Liu, Lingling Pu, Wenli Lai und Hu Long. „Assessment of available sites for palatal orthodontic mini-implants through cone-beam computed tomography“. Angle Orthodontist 90, Nr. 4 (02.03.2020): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/070719-457.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective To measure the palatal thickness of both hard and soft tissues and to determine safe regions for the placement of mini-implants. The influences of sex and age on palatal thickness were also examined. Materials and Methods Cone-beam computed tomography images of 30 patients (12 males, 18 females), including 15 adults and 15 adolescents, were used in this study. The thicknesses of palatal hard tissue, soft tissue, and hard+soft tissues were measured at the coronal planes of first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars (P1, P2, M1, and M2 planes, respectively). Results The hard tissue was thickest at the P1 plane, followed by at the P2, M1, and M2 planes, while the thickness of soft tissue was similar among the four planes. The trends in the changes of palatal thickness from midline to the lateral sides (V-pattern) were similar for the four planes. Palatal thickness was influenced by sex, age, and their interaction. Mapping of recommended and optimal sites for palatal mini-implants was accomplished. Conclusions Sex and age factors could influence palatal thickness. Therefore, the findings might be helpful for clinicians in guiding them to choose the optimal sites for palatal mini-implants.

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Hu, Zhenqi, Linghua Duo und Fang Shao. „Optimal Thickness of Soil Cover for Reclaiming Subsided Land with Yellow River Sediments“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 11 (24.10.2018): 3853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113853.

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The cultivated land area per capita in China is relatively small compared to the world average. However, most of the coal output is coming from underground mining, resulting in land subsidence and the destruction of existing cultivated land. The Yellow River is known as a ground-suspended river due to its large sediment concentration. Using unpolluted Yellow River sediment to reclaim the coal mine subsidence not only solves the problem of sediment deposition, but also solves the problem of shortage of filling material. Some experimental studies revealed low soil productivity as a result of thin soil cover. To ensure crop growth and production in land reconstructed with Yellow River sediments, determining the optimal thickness of soil cover over the sediment is extremely important. There were four experimental treatments and one control treatment. Each treatment was repeated three times. The control treatment was an original soil profile with 30 cm topsoil plus 110 cm subsoil. The four experimental treatments with different thickness of soil covers had the same thickness of topsoil (30 cm) and Yellow River sediments (60 cm), and different thickness of subsoil, which were 10, 30, 40, and 50 cm, respectively. Thus, the total thicknesses of soil cover (topsoil plus subsoil) were 40 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, and 80 cm, respectively. The topsoil, subsoil, and Yellow River sediments were collected from Liangshan County. The soil type is fluvo-aquic. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the main crop in Liangshan County. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of maize. The results showed that (1) the peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of maize leaf decreased with an increasing thickness of soil, while soluble protein (SP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) increased. (2) The dry biomasses of the shoot and root system in T70 and T80 were not significantly different from those in the control (3) Increased soil thickness is conducive to the storage of more water and available nutrients. Considering the time and cost of reconstruction, 70 cm is the optimal thickness of soil cover on Yellow River sediment to ensure maize growth.

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Mulyani, Emy, Tjipto Sujitno, Dessy Purbandari, Ferdiansjah Ferdiansjah und Sayono Sayono. „Growth of ZnS:Ag:Cu Thin Film Deposited on Glass Substrates using Thermal Evaporation Technique for Alpha-photovoltaic“. Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, Nr. 1 (01.05.2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2019.21.1.5656.

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This paper presents the research on the growth of ZnS:Ag:Cu thin film on a glass substrate as a radio-luminescent material. The SRIM/TRIM software is used to determine the optimum thickness based on an energy deposition depth of 5.485 MeV Am 241 alpha radiation source on ZnS:Ag:Cu material. To increase the adhesive strength of the coating, initially, the glass substrate is etched using a plasma glow discharged at 280°C for 15 minutes. Multiple coatings of ZnS:Ag:Cu were etched on the glass substrate; this was carried out using a thermal evaporation technique to achieve the optimal thickness (based on SRIM/TRIM simulation). The thin film thickness was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical properties of the un-etched, etched glass substrate and thin-film were characterized using UV-Vis spectrometer. Based on SRIM/TRIM simulation, the optimal thickness is 22 mm which can be achieved by coating three times. From optical properties of ZnS:Ag:Cu thin film and after being analysed using Taue plot method, it is found that the energy gap of ZnS:Ag:Cu thin film is 2.48 eV. It can be concluded that the addition of Ag and Cu doped decrease the energy gap of ZnS (3.66 eV).

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Chen, Ruei-Tang, Chih-Chieh Kang, Jeng-Feng Lin, Sheng-Wei Chiou, Hung-Hsiang Cheng und Chih-Wen Lai. „Novel Design for a Diffusive Solar Cell Window“. Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/675312.

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Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are an important application of future solar energy development. The incorporation of solar cells into windows must not only maintain indoor natural lighting but also generate electrical power at the same time. In our continuing effort to improve the design of diffusion solar window, a more fundamental and efficient three-layer structure—glass/EVA with TiO2nanoparticles embedded/glass—was proposed. In this work, a well-established ASAP ray-tracing model for a diffusive solar cell window was implemented to validate the outperformance of three-layer structure over primitive five-layer structure. Optical simulations were also implemented to perform its primary design for the determination of the optimal design parameters, such as the glass thickness, the EVA thickness, and the weight concentration of TiO2nanoparticles. Based on the simulation results, an optimal design for a three-layer diffusive solar cell window prototype was proposed. And the influence of both EVA thickness and glass thickness on the power edge-exitance (solar cell power generation efficiency) of a DSCW was thoroughly investigated.

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Zhang, Shu Yun, Wen Wei Zhao und Hai Hua Wang. „Optimization Design of Core Thickness of Exterior Frame and Core Hybrid Structures in High-Rise Buildings“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (Mai 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.14.

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Considering core thickness is important issue to performance of exterior frame and core hybrid structure in high-rise buildings, seismic response analysis is conducted by response spectrum method for finite element models with different core thickness. The optimization design of core thickness of hybrid Structures on the basis of the seismic response is studied, the core thicknesses are chosen as design variables, the objective function about core volume is adopted, some specification requirements such as deformation, the ratio of lateral stiffness to gravity, storey shear to gravity, storey shear of exterior frame, axial compression ratio of column and wall limb, bearing capacity of structural member and core construction are regarded as restricting conditions, the optimal mathematical model is established for reflecting integrity dynamic properties of hybrid structure. The ANSYS software is used for optimizing tool, the hybrid structures optimization design are made through different initial values for verifying convergence of optimization method, the optimal result show that the performances of hybrid structure are improved, the internal forces are reduced and the ratios of inner force born by exterior frames are increased in the optimal scheme.

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Tian, Han Min, Ai Hua Chen, Wen Feng Duan, Rui Xia Yang und Feng Lan Tian. „The Parameter Estimate Method to Determine the Optimal Thickness for DSSC Electrode“. Key Engineering Materials 519 (Juli 2012): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.519.57.

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For physical structure of TiO2 films is the core of photoelectric conversion on the photovoltaic performance of DSSC, the method by parameter estimate to determine the optimal thickness of DSSC working electrode is deduced, which is consistent with the analysis of real physical meaning about the TiO2 layer thickness and the photocurrent, while gives the specific optimal value as an addition. As a mathematical proof of the optimal conclusion extracting from the complex working mechanism of DSSCs and accidental factors, the equivalent circuit parameters of each curve are estimated corresponds to the equivalent circuit method first. According to the inflection point, which obtained through the synthesis of scattered experment points to the trend curve, the optimal thickness of DSSC working electrode are optimal identified.

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