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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)"
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Zhang, Sai, und Nathalie Trottier. „15 Young Scholar Presentation: Impact of a Near Ideal Amino Acid Profile on the Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization in Lactating Sows“. Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (02.11.2020): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.029.
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Abstract The objective was to determine the efficiency of EAA and energy for lactation in sows and quantify their metabolic heat production fed a reduced protein diet. We hypothesized that feeding a reduced protein diet with near ideal AA profile (NIAA) and a leucine:lysine of 1.14 improves the dietary essential AA (EAA) and energy utilization efficiency and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation, compared to feeding diets containing leucine:lysine of 1.63. Three diets were formulated iso-calorically (2,580 kcal/kg net energy), including 1) control diet with a 1.63 leucine:lysine (CON; 18.75% CP), 2) optimal diet with NIAA profile and 1.14 leucine:lysine (OPT; 13.75% CP) by supplementing crystalline AA to minimum requirements; and 3) OPT diet with L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation to achieve CON Leu:Lys of 1.63 (OPTLEU; 14.25% CP). Experiment 1 was to estimate maximal biological efficiency value (MBEV) of EAA in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT diet improved efficiency of nitrogen (N) (79.1%), arginine (61.1%), His (78.3%), Ile (65.4%), Leu (75.1%), Met + Cys (78.2%), Phe (53.4%), Phe + Tyr (69.5%) and Trp (70.1%) and maximized the efficiency of Lys (63.2%), Met (67.9%), Thr (71.0%) and Val (57.0%) for milk production over a 21-day lactation. Experiment 2 was to estimate dietary energetic efficiency, energy partitioning and heat production in lactating sows fed CON, OPT and OPTLEU diets. Feeding OPT led to greater energy utilization for lactation due to less urinary energy and metabolic heat loss, and triggered dietary energy deposition into milk at the expense of maternal lipid mobilization. Feeding OPTLEU compared to OPT reduced energy utilization for lactation by directing dietary energy away from the mammary gland and towards maternal pool, in part explaining the efficacy of a NIAA diet over CON. Experiment 3 was to measure heat production in lactating sows fed CON and OPT diets and exposed to thermal neutral and HS environments. Sows fed OPT diet produced less metabolic heat and had lower body temperature when exposed to HS conditions compared to CON fed sows. In conclusion, feeding a diet with NIAA profile containing Leu:Lys of 1.14 improves EAA and energy utilization efficiency for lactation, and reduces the metabolic heat associated with lactation compared to feeding a diet with Leu:Lys of 1.63.
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Mamaní, Arminda, Yolanda Maturano, Laura Herrero, Laura Montoro und Fabiana Sardella. „Increase in Fermentable Sugars of Olive Tree Pruning Biomass for Bioethanol Production: Application of an Experimental Design for Optimization of Alkaline Pretreatment“. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, Nr. 2 (15.02.2022): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18247.
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Olive Tree Pruning (OTP) biomass can be considered a suitable source of fermentable sugars for the production of second-generation bioethanol. The present study proposes a remarkable alternative for the valorization of olive tree pruning residues. OTP biomass was processed using a sequential calcium hydroxide pretreatment/enzymatic hydrolysis. A 24–1 half fractional factorial design was adopted for the screening of process variables and a central composite design was used for the optimization stage. Temperature and lime loading resulted statistically significant. The following optimal conditions were obtained: 0.01 g of Ca(OH)2/g of dry material, 20 g of H2O/g of dry material at 160 °C for 2 h. The mathematical model that governs this alkaline pretreatment was obtained with a 76% adjusted determination coefficient, which means that it is a good representation of the process. Under optimal operating conditions, 13% of the cellulose and 88% of the hemicellulose was solubilized. Moreover, the fermentable sugar content increased 1800% compared with the initial conditions, obtaining 240 g of glucose per kg of OTP residue. The fermentable sugars obtained after the calcium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of OTP biomass yielded 2.8 g of ethanol/100 g of raw material.
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Xie, Mengzhen, Mingjian Gu, Chunming Zhang, Yong Hu, Tianhang Yang, Pengyu Huang und Han Li. „Comparative Study of the Atmospheric Gas Composition Detection Capabilities of FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II Based on Information Capacity“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 16 (20.08.2023): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15164096.
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Fengyun-3E (FY-3E)/Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder-II (HIRAS-II) is an extension Fengyun-3D (FY-3D)/HIRAS-I. It is crucial to fully explore and analyze the detection capabilities of these two instruments for atmospheric gas composition. Based on the observed spectral data from the infrared hyperspectral detection instruments FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II, simulated radiance data and Jacobian matrices are obtained using the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder)). By perturbing temperature (T), surface temperature (Tsurf), water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrous oxide (N2O), the brightness temperature differences before and after the perturbations are calculated to analyze the sensitivity of temperature and various atmospheric gas components. The Improved Optimal Sensitivity Profile (OSP) algorithm is used to select the channels for atmospheric gas retrieval. The observation error covariance and background error covariance matrices are calculated, and then the information capacity is calculated, specifically the degrees of freedom for signal(DFS) and the entropy reduction (ER). Based on this, a comparative analysis is conducted on the information capacity of atmospheric water vapor and ozone components contained in the hyperspectral detection data from HIRAS-I and HIRAS-II instruments, respectively, to explore the retrieval capabilities of the two instruments for atmospheric gas components. We selected clear-sky data from the African oceanic region and the Chinese Yangtze River Delta terrestrial region for quantitative analysis of the information capacity of HIRAS-I and HIRAS-II. The results show that FY-3D/HIRAS-I and FY-3E/HIRAS-II exhibit different sensitivities to atmospheric gas components. In different experimental regions, temperature and water vapor show the most dramatic sensitivity changes, followed by ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide, while carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide exhibit the lowest variability. Regarding channel selection, HIRAS-II identifies more gas channels compared to HIRAS-I. The experiments concluded that HIRAS-II has a significantly higher information capacity than HIRAS-I, and the information capacity of atmospheric gas components varies across different experimental regions. Water vapor and ozone exhibit the highest information capacity, followed by nitrous oxide and methane, while carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide demonstrate the lowest capacity. The H2O ER (DFS) contained in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 1.51 (0.35) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I, the O3 ER (DFS) in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 1.51 (0.36) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I, while the N2O ER (DFS) in FY-3E/HIRAS-II is 0.17 (0.19) higher and the CH4 ER (DFS) is 0.07 (0.04) higher than that in FY-3D/HIRAS-I.
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Jahanmiri, A., und R. Eslamloueyan. „Optimal temperature profile in methanol synthesis reactor“. Chemical Engineering Communications 189, Nr. 6 (Juni 2002): 713–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440212475.
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Maansson, Bengt, und Bjarne Andresen. „Optimal temperature profile for an ammonia reactor“. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development 25, Nr. 1 (Januar 1986): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i200032a010.
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Madappa, Eshwari A., M. V. Sankalp Reddy, Rajaneesh R, Shashank A S und Sudeep S. Kodad. „Encrypt Express: Security Enhancement, Maximizing Load Utilization in Cargo Transport through IoT and Algorithmic Solutions“. International Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering 12, Nr. 8 (30.07.2024): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijese.e4490.12080724.
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The Encrypt Express model revolutionizes cargo logistics by leveraging IoT technology to improve safety, security, and efficiency. It integrates the DHT11 sensor to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, ensuring optimal storage of goods. Using one-time password (OTP) access for the doors significantly enhances security, while the cargo compartment is divided into two slots for better cargo management. The features of the model include distance-based pricing, optimizing costs based on journey length. To improve user experience and tracking, an intuitive user interface (UI) is combined with the Leaflet Maps application programming interface (API), providing real-time location data and easy navigation. Additionally, the system allows alerts to be sent via email if parameters such as temperature or humidity exceed defined thresholds, ensuring quick intervention and cargo security. This comprehensive approach offers many benefits such as security through OTP access, enhanced environmental monitoring through sensors, cost-effective pricing through distance-based calculation and managing goods effectively with divided compartments. The user-friendly UI and powerful tracking capabilities further enhance the system, making “ENCRYPT EXPRESS” a promising solution for the future of cargo logistics. By modernizing cargo operations, it sets new standards in reliability, efficiency, and customer satisfaction, transforming the way cargo is managed and transported in the logistics industry.
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De, S., P. K. Sanyal, A. K. Sarkar, N. K. Patel, S. Pal und S. C. Mandal. „Screening for Indian isolates of egg-parasitic fungi for use in biological control of fascioliasis and amphistomiasis in ruminant livestock“. Journal of Helminthology 82, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08982602.
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AbstractWild isolates of the egg-parasitic fungiPaecilomyces lilacinusandVerticillium chlamydosporium, obtained from the organic environment of Durg, Chhattisgarh, India, were subjected to screening forin vitrogrowth using different media types, range of incubation temperature and pH, and their predatory activity to the eggs ofFasciola giganticaandGigantocotyle explanatum. Maximum growth ofP. lilacinuswas obtained in corn-meal agar compared to any other media types. The preferred medium for growth ofV. chlamydosporiumwas corn-meal agar, followed by potato-dextrose agar. After initial growth for 16 h of incubation, no growth was observed in water agar for both the fungi. Six different temperatures – 4°C, 10°C, 18°C, 26°C, 34°C and 40°C – were used to observe growth profiles of the fungi in corn-meal agar medium. While no and very little growth ofP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporiumwas observed at 4°C and 10°C, respectively, growth profiles of both the fungi were optimal at 26–40°C. A range of pH (pH 4–8) supported growth of bothP. lilacinusandV. chlamydosporium. Full-grown plates of the fungi baited with viable eggs ofF. giganticaandG. explanatumrevealed thatV. chlamydosporiumwas more vigorous in its egg-parasitic ability compared toP. lilacinus. Distortion of the eggs started on day 2–3 of egg baiting in culture plates ofV. chlamydosporium, with complete distortion by day 7. On the contrary,P. lilacinusexhibited very limited egg-parasitic ability and some of the baited eggs even showed development of miracidia.
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Terajima, Yoshimi, und Yasuo Nonaka. „Optimization of Retort Temperature Profile Using Optimal Control Theory.“ Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 61, Nr. 586 (1995): 2387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.2387.
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Grasza, K., E. Janik, A. Mycielski und J. Ba̧k-Misiuk. „The optimal temperature profile in crystal growth from the vapour“. Journal of Crystal Growth 146, Nr. 1-4 (Januar 1995): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)00520-6.
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Mandija, Florian, Philippe Keckhut, Dunya Alraddawi, Sergey Khaykin und Alain Sarkissian. „Climatology of Cirrus Clouds over Observatory of Haute-Provence (France) Using Multivariate Analyses on Lidar Profiles“. Atmosphere 15, Nr. 10 (21.10.2024): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101261.
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This study aims to achieve the classification of the cirrus clouds over the Observatory of Haute-Provence (OHP) in France. Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar measurements, in conjunction with the ERA5 dataset, are analyzed to provide geometrical morphology and optical cirrus properties over the site. The method of cirrus cloud climatology presented here is based on a threefold classification scheme based on the cirrus geometrical and optical properties and their formation history. Principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent clustering provide four morphological cirrus classes, three optical groups, and two origin-related categories. Cirrus clouds occur approximately 37% of the time, with most being single-layered (66.7%). The mean cloud optical depth (COD) is 0.39 ± 0.46, and the mean heights range around 10.8 ± 1.35 km. Thicker tropospheric cirrus are observed under higher temperature and humidity conditions than cirrus observed in the vicinity of the tropopause level. Monthly cirrus occurrences fluctuate irregularly, whereas seasonal patterns peak in spring. Concerning the mechanism of the formation, it is found that the majority of cirrus clouds are of in situ origin. The liquid-origin cirrus category consists nearly entirely of thick cirrus. Overall results suggest that in situ origin thin cirrus, located in the upper tropospheric and tropopause regions, have the most noteworthy occurrence over the site.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)"
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Duran, Martinez Laura Elizabeth. „Dévelοppement et οptimisatiοn d'un prοcédé de prοductiοn de mοlécules d'intérêt par hydrοgénatiοn du CΟ2 à partir d'hydrοgène renοuvelable“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR21.
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La transition des combustibles fossiles vers les sources d’énergie renouvelables est de plus en plus urgente en raison de leur contribution significative au changement climatique mondial. L'augmentation des niveaux de dioxyde de carbone dans l'atmosphère souligne le besoin critique d'alternatives durables. La conversion du CO₂ en molécules à valeur ajoutée (vecteurs énergétiques) offre une solution prometteuse pour réduire la dépendance aux combustibles fossiles. Cette thèse explore le potentiel de l'hydrogénation catalytique du CO₂ pour produire des produits chimiques à valeur ajoutée tels que le méthane, le méthanol et le di-méthyl éther (DME). Ces procédés offrent non seulement un moyen de réduire les émissions de CO₂, mais également une voie vers une production de carburant durable. La recherche explore divers processus catalytiques, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur la catalyse thermique en raison de son efficacité supérieure et de sa pertinence pour une mise en œuvre industrielle. L'hydrogénation du CO₂ en une seule étape pour produire du DME est le cas étudié. Des expériences préliminaires ont été menées dans un réacteur à lit fixe de laboratoire pour mieux comprendre la performance des catalyseurs. Différents catalyseurs ont été testés pour la synthèse du DME. Étant donné que les réactions impliquées dans l'hydrogénation du CO₂ pour produire du DME comprennent la synthèse du méthanol à partir de CO₂ suivie de la déshydratation du méthanol, un mélange de catalyseurs a été réalisé pour la synthèse directe du DME. Pour le mélange de poudres, deux catalyseurs CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (CZA), l'un commercial et l'autre développé, ont été testés pour la synthèse du méthanol, et deux zéolites CZA (HY et HZSM-5) ont été testées pour la déshydratation du méthanol. Le mélange physique de CZA-C avec HZSM-5 a été choisi pour une analyse plus approfondie. L'effet de la température, de la pression, du rapport molaire d'alimentation (H₂/CO₂) et de la vitesse spatiale horaire des gaz (GHSV) ont été évalués pour le développement de la cinétique de la synthèse du DME. Un modèle cinétique de Langmuir-Hinshelwood pour la synthèse du méthanol a été proposé, ainsi qu'une nouvelle relation pour la déshydratation du méthanol en DME, car la réaction n'est pas à l'équilibre. Un réacteur à Profil Optimal de Température (POT) intégrant le modèle cinétique développé a été étudié pour un contrôle précis de la température afin de maximiser la conversion du CO₂. Les simulations et optimisations ont confirmé que des temps de séjour plus longs, en ajustant la masse des catalyseurs, sont plus efficaces pour une conversion plus élevée du CO₂. Un avantage minimal (<1%) a été identifié en termes de conversion du CO₂ pour le réacteur POT par rapport à un réacteur isotherme. Cependant, la productivité combinée de DME et de méthanol a montré une meilleure performance (>4,4%) par rapport au réacteur isotherme. Un réacteur multitubulaire POT avec température de refroidissement variable, comprenant 958 tubes, a atteint une conversion du CO₂ de 34,18 % et un taux de production combiné de méthanol et de DME de 30,84 mol.h⁻¹ par tube, approchant l'équilibre thermodynamique sans recirculationThe transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent due to their significant contribution to global climate change. The rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere highlight the critical need for sustainable alternatives. Converting CO₂ into value-added molecules (energy carriers) offers a promising solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. This thesis explores the potential of the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to produce value-added chemicals such as methane, methanol, and dimethyl ether (DME). These processes not only offer a means to reduce CO₂ emissions but also provide a path toward sustainable fuel production. The research explores various catalytic processes, with a particular emphasis on thermal catalysis due to its higher efficiency and suitability for industrial implementation. The one-step CO₂ hydrogenation to DME is the case of study. Preliminary experiments were conducted into a laboratory fixed bed reactor to better understand catalyst performance. Different catalysts were tested for DME synthesis. Since the reactions that take place into CO₂ hydrogenation to DME comprise the methanol synthesis from CO₂ followed by methanol dehydration, a mixture of catalysts was done for the direct DME synthesis. For the powder mixture, two different CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃ (CZA) catalysts, one commercial and one developed, were tested for methanol synthesis and two CZA zeolites (HY and HZSM-5) were tested for methanol dehydration. The physical mixture of CZA-C plus HZSM-5 was chosen for further analysis. The effect of temperature, pressure, feed molar ratio (H₂/CO₂) and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) were assessed for the development of the kinetics of DME synthesis. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model for methanol synthesis was proposed, along with a novel relationship for methanol dehydration to DME, since the reaction is not at equilibrium. An Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP) reactor integrating the kinetic model developed was studied for precise temperature control to maximise CO₂ conversion. Simulations and optimisations confirmed that longer residence times by adjusting catalysts mass is more effective for higher CO₂ conversion. A minimal advantage (<1%) was identified in terms of CO₂ conversion for the OTP reactor over an isothermal reactor. However, the combined productivity of DME and methanol had a better performance (>4.4%) over the isothermal reactor. An OTP multi-tubular reactor with variable coolant temperature, comprising 958 tubes, achieved 34.18% CO₂ conversion and a combined methanol and DME production rate of 30.84 mol.h⁻¹ per tube, approaching to thermodynamic equilibrium without recirculation
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Wang, Nan. „Alterations in soybean gene expression profile after foliar application of lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum under sub-optimal temperature“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92375.
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NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE FOR A CHEMICAL REACTOR. LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, 1987.
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Trad, Antoine Toni. „Business Transformation Projects“. In Considerations on Education for Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability, 423–57. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8356-5.ch019.
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This chapter inspects the role of psychology-based resistance (RPbR) in business or other types of transformation projects (simply the project) and establishes a new approach to organisational transformational psychology (OTP) that mainly analyses the causes of resistance to change (RtC) in projects. A project should be assisted by an optimal in-house organizational transformation framework that uses OTP for optimal educational curricula, transformation initiatives, ethical standards, heuristics, critical success factors (areas and indicators) evaluation, various types of standards, complex multicultural dispositions/local cultural specificities, project's optimal manager's profile, human resistance predictions and management, dynamic group communication, agile team collaboration/traditional team management practices, human resources (HR) activities, knowledge management system, and a dynamic decision-making system.
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Majumder, Aniruddha, und Zoltan K. Nagy. „Spatially Distributed Fines Removal in a Continuous Plug Flow Crystallizer by Optimal Temperature Profile with Controlled Dissolution“. In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 877–82. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63234-0.50147-0.
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Choong, Wai Heng, Nurapiqkah Binti Ariffin, Hou Pin Yoong, Bih Lii Chua und Mohd Kamal Mohd Shah. „Characteristics Study of Fresnel Lens Performance for Solar Concentration Application“. In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230566.
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This study investigates the performance of a Fresnel lens solar concentrator system for solar concentration applications. A 300 mm x 300 mm polymethyl methacrylate Fresnel lens with concentric grooves of 0.24 mm height and 1.82 mm thickness was used. The lens’s geometrical profile was analyzed using a micrography observation approach to gain a better understanding of its geometry profile. Experiments were conducted with variations of operational parameters such as transversal and incidence angles. Trials were conducted at coordinates 6°02′04.8′′N 116°07′24.4′′E, between 1130 to 1330 hours, focusing on two major operational parameters (transversal and incidence angles). The receiver surface temperature was continuously recorded during the trials to determine solar concentrator heat energy gain. Both transversal and incidence angles had a significant impact on the system’s heat energy gain. The optimal configuration with lens transversal and incidence angles set to 90° and 5°, respectively, resulted in the highest heat gain of 8 kJ, achieving a concentration ratio of 16.42. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of Fresnel lens solar concentrators for practical solar concentration applications.
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Tunick, Michael H., und Jerry Toth. „Artisanal Chocolate“. In The Science and Craft of Artisanal Food, 58—C3P49. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190936587.003.0004.
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Abstract All chocolate is made from sugar and cocoa, but artisanal chocolate is produced on a small scale and has a high cocoa content, resulting in an enhanced sensory profile. Starting when the cacao beans are harvested, all the people involved in the artisanal manufacturing process exert their own influences over the flavors and aromas of the consumer. The beans are carefully allowed to ferment and dry before being painstakingly sorted. The beans are then roasted at a particular time and temperature to bring out optimal flavor and aroma. Commercially produced cocoa may be treated with alkali to counteract high acid and bitterness levels, but artisanal chocolate is made from superior beans and does not require this step. Finally, the product is meticulously tempered to obtain the proper melting and textural characteristics. The care used in producing artisanal chocolate results in an exceptional product.
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Galieti, Lorenzo, Carlo De Servi, Dario Alfani, Paolo Silva, Paola Bombarda und Piero Colonna. „ON AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS FOR ORC SYSTEMS OPERATING WITH ZEOTROPIC MIXTURES“. In Proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on ORC Power System (ORC 2023), 344–53. 2024. Aufl. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/9788447227457_57.
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The use of mixtures as working fluids of ORC systems is being intensively investigated because of the better temperature profile matching achievable in the heat exchangers, resulting in lower thermodynamic irreversibilities and increased efficiency. The gains are expected to be higher for lowtemperature air-cooled power plants, where the ratio between the auxiliary power consumption associated to the cooling of the working fluid and the net power output of the ORC plant is higher. For instance, a temperature glide in the condenser may enable a reduction in the fan consumption at the cost of an increased heat transfer area, and possibly a decrease in the minimum temperature of the thermodynamic cycle. This solution is expected to be attractive for geothermal applications: since the drilling of the geothermal well is by far the dominant cost, the additional investment for the condenser can be more easily compensated by the increased revenues related to the greater electrical power output. This study focuses on the modelling and sizing of an air-cooled condenser for geothermal ORC power plants operating with working fluid binary mixtures. A detailed fin and tube air cooled condenser model is developed and integrated with an in-house tool for the simulation of ORC systems. Working fluid thermodynamic properties are computed with the PCP-SAFT equation of state (EoS). The tool is used to investigate the effect of the condenser design assumptions on the geothermal plant maximum power output for an optimal working fluid mixture, whose composition is determined by optimizing the PCPSAFT parameters. The outcome is a pseudo-fluid mixture that represents the ideal working fluid for the given thermal source. The results indicate that the adoption of mixtures allows the air-cooler consumption and generally the minimum cycle temperature to be decreased, leading to an increased plant efficiency. In addition, design guidelines for the condenser are derived, based on the tradeoff between component size and plant efficiency. Finally, the optimization results show that if the onset of the mixture condensation occurs in the recuperator, it might be possible to reduce the fan consumption and size of the condenser simultaneously, albeit at the expense of an increased complexity of the regenerator design.
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Floudas, Christodoulos A. „Synthesis of Reactor Networks and Reactor-Separator-Recycle Systems“. In Nonlinear and Mixed-Integer Optimization. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100563.003.0016.
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This chapter discusses the application of MINLP methods in the synthesis of reactor networks with complex reactions and in the synthesis of reactor-separator-recycle systems. Despite the importance of reactor systems in chemical engineering processes, very few systematic procedures for the optimal synthesis of reactor networks have been proposed. The main reason for the scarcity of optimization strategies for reactor networks is the difficulty of the problem itself. The large number of alternatives along with the highly nonlinear equations that describe these systems have led to the development of a series of heuristic and intuitive rules that provide solutions only for simple cases of reaction mechanisms. Most of the studies considered single reactors with a specified mixing pattern and focused on investigating the effect of temperature distribution, residence time distribution, or catalyst dilution profile on its performance. In the sequel, we will briefly review the approaches developed based on their classification: (i) isothermal operation and (ii) nonisothermal operation. Trambouze and Piret (1959) proposed graphical and analytical criteria for selecting the type of reactor. Levenspiel (1962) reported heuristic rules for optimal yield and selectivity in stirred tank and tubular reactors. Aris (1964, 1969) applied dynamic programming to determine the optimal amounts of by-passes and cold streams in a multistage reaction system within a fixed structure. Gillespie and Carberry (1966) studied the Van der Vusse reaction with an intermediate level of mixing and demonstrated the potential advantages of recycle reactors for such a complex reaction. Horn and Tsai (1967) studied the effects of global and local mixing using the adjoint variables of optimization theory. Jackson (1968) proposed an algebraic structure for the reactor representation consisting of parallel ideal tubular reactors that were interconnected with side streams at various sink and source points. Different flow configurations and mixing patterns could be obtained by varying the number and the positions of the sink and source points, as well as the levels of the sidestreams. By deliberate manipulation of the flow configuration, potential improvements in the reactor performance coul be investigated. Ravimohan (1971) modified Jackson's model so as to handle cases of local mixing.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)"
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Yadav, Vivek, Radhakant Padhi und S. N. Balakrishnan. „Robust/optimal temperature profile control using neural networks“. In 2006 IEEE Conference on Computer Aided Control System Design, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cacsd-cca-isic.2006.4777145.
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Yadav, Vivek, Radhakant Padhi und S. Balakrishnan. „Robust/Optimal Temperature Profile Control Using Neural Networks“. In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2006.286115.
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Ito, Satoru, und Yuji Suzuki. „High Speed Transient Temperature Profile Control Using Adjoint-Based Optimal Control Scheme“. In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44574.
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Optimal control scheme for transient temperature profile inside electronic devices such as pulsed laser diode is developed based on the adjoint equation of one-dimensional heat conduction. Joule heating with a thin-film heater is employed as the control input in order to minimize temperature changes of a thin active layer embedded in a modeled laser diode. In numerical simulations assuming the light-emitting time period of 1 μs, temperature variation of the active layer is successfully suppressed by 80% with the heat input prior to the onset of the laser pulse. It is found that the Fourier number of the layer between the control heater and the active layer is the key parameter to minimize the temperature fluctuations. We also successfully demonstrate suppression of the temperature change in a MEMS-based experimental setup.
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Yadav, Vivek, Radhakant Padhi und Sivasubramanya Balakrishnan. „Robust/Optimal Temperature Profile Control of a Re-Entry Vehicle Using Neural Networks“. In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6141.
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Kiouseloglou, A., E. Covi, G. Navarro, A. Cabrini, L. Perniola und G. Torelli. „Optimal programming with voltage-controlled temperature profile to reduce SET state distribution dispersion in PCM“. In 2014 21st IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2014.7050027.
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Schöppner, Volker, und Verena Resonnek. „Investigation of the barrel temperature profile on the process behavior of single screw extruders and strategies to determine the optimal temperature control“. In PROCEEDINGS OF PPS-33 : The 33rd International Conference of the Polymer Processing Society – Conference Papers. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5121650.
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Motsamai, Oboetswe, Jan A. Visser und Reuben M. Morris. „Combining CFD and Mathematical Optimization to Optimize Combustor Exit Temperature Profile“. In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88120.
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A technique for design optimization of a combustor is presented in this study. The technique entails the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and mathematical optimization to minimize the combustor exit temperature profile. The empirical and semi-empirical correlations commonly used for optimizing Combustor Exit Temperature profile do not guarantee optimum. As experimental approach is time consuming and costly, use is made of numerical techniques. Using CFD without mathematical optimization on a trial-and-error basis, however, does not guarantee optimal solutions. A better approach that is viewed as too expensive is a combination of the two approaches, thereby, incorporating the influence of the variables automatically. In this study the combustor exit temperature profile is optimized. The optimum (uniform) combustor exit temperature profile depends on mainly the geometric parameters. The combustor exit temperature profile is affected as soon as flow enters the combustor. However, in gas turbine applications where care has been taken on the influence of upstream flow related conditions, the combustor exit temperature profile is optimized by dilution hole pattern and size. In this study combustor parameters have been used as optimization variables. The combustor in the study is an experimental liquid fuelled atmospheric combustor with turbulent diffusion flame. The CFD simulations uses the Fluent code with Standard k-ε model. The optimization is carried out with the Dynamic-Q algorithm, which is specifically designed to handle constrained problems where the objective or constraint functions are expensive to evaluate. The optimization leads to a more uniform combustor exit temperature profile as compared to the original.
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Motsamai, Oboetswe S., Jan A. Visser, Montressor Morris und Danie J. de Kock. „An Efficient Strategy for the Design Optimization of Combustor Exit Temperature Profile“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91325.
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A technique for design optimization of a combustor is presented in this study. The technique entails the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and mathematical optimization to minimize the combustor exit temperature profile. The empirical and semi-empirical correlations commonly used for optimizing Combustor Exit Temperature profile do not guarantee optimum. As experimental approach is time consuming and costly, use is made of numerical techniques. Using CFD without mathematical optimisation on a trial-and-error basis, however, does not guarantee optimal solutions. A better approach that is viewed as too expensive is a combination of the two approaches, thereby, incorporating the influence of the variables automatically. In this study the combustor exit temperature profile is optimised. The optimum (uniform) combustor exit temperature profile depends on mainly the geometric parameters. The combustor exit temperature profile is affected as soon as flow enters the combustor. However, in gas turbine applications where care has been taken on the influence of upstream flow related conditions, the combustor exit temperature profile is changed by dilution hole pattern and size. In this study dilution hole parameters have been used as optimization variables. The combustor in the study is an experimental liquid fuelled atmospheric combustor with turbulent diffusion flame. The CFD simulations uses the Fluent code with Standard k-ε model. The optimisation is carried out with Snyman’s Dynamic-Q algorithm, which is specifically designed to handle constrained problems where the objective or constraint functions are expensive to evaluate. The optimization leads to a more uniform combustor exit temperature profile as compared to the original.
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Kok, Schalk, und Nielen Stander. „Optimal Process Design for Maximum Heating and Cooling Rates of Pressure Vessels“. In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3735.
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Abstract Optimal pressure and ambient temperature profiles are calculated to allow the rapid heating and cooling of pressure vessels during startup and shutdown. The ordinates of the ambient temperature and pressure at equally spaced time intervals are chosen as the design variables. Cubic splines are fitted through the ordinates to describe the ambient temperature profile required for the convective heat transfer analysis, and the pressure profile required during the structural analysis. Response surface methodology is used to construct approximations to temperature and stress in the transient thermoelastic nonlinear analysis. Linear response surfaces were found to be sufficiently accurate, thereby minimizing the number of finite element analyses. Three problems are solved to illustrate the methodology.
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Boer, B., J. L. Kloosterman, D. Lathouwers, T. H. J. J. van der Hagen und H. van Dam. „Optimization of a Radially Cooled Pebble Bed Reactor“. In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58117.
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By altering the coolant flow direction in a pebble bed reactor from axial to radial, the pressure drop can be reduced tremendously. In this case the coolant flows from the outer reflector through the pebble bed and finally to flow paths in the inner reflector. As a consequence, the fuel temperatures are elevated due to the reduced heat transfer of the coolant. However, the power profile and pebble size in a radially cooled pebble bed reactor can be optimized to achieve lower fuel temperatures than current axially cooled designs, while the low pressure drop can be maintained. The radial power profile in the core can be altered by adopting multi-pass fuel management using several radial fuel zones in the core. The optimal power profile yielding a flat temperature profile is derived analytically and is approximated by radial fuel zoning. In this case, the pebbles pass through the outer region of the core first and each consecutive pass is located in a fuel zone closer to the inner reflector. Thereby, the resulting radial distribution of the fissile material in the core is influenced and the temperature profile is close to optimal. The fuel temperature in the pebbles can be further reduced by reducing the standard pebble diameter from 6 cm to a value as low as 1 cm. An analytical investigation is used to demonstrate the effects on the fuel temperature and pressure drop for both radial and axial cooling. Finally, two-dimensional numerical calculations were performed, using codes for neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel depletion analysis, in order to validate the results for the optimized design that were obtained from the analytical investigations. It was found that for a radially cooled design with an optimized power profile and reduced pebble diameter (below 3.5 cm) both a reduction in the pressure drop (Δp = −2.6 bar), which increases the reactor efficiency with several percent, and a reduction in the maximum fuel temperature (ΔT = −50 °C) can be achieved compared to present axially cooled designs.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Optimal Temperature Profile (OTP)"
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni und Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.
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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.