Zeitschriftenartikel: „Optimal control settings“

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Chen, Owen, und Moshe Ben-Akiva. „Game-Theoretic Formulations of Interaction Between Dynamic Traffic Control and Dynamic Traffic Assignment“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1617, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1617-25.

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The dynamic traffic control problem and the dynamic traffic assignment problem are integrated as a noncooperative game between a traffic authority and highway users. The objective of the combined control-assignment problem is to find a mutually consistent dynamic system-optimal signal setting and dynamic user-optimal traffic flow. The combined control-assignment problem is first formulated as a one-level Cournot game: the traffic authority and the users choose their strategies simultaneously. The combined control-assignment problem is subsequently formulated as a bi-level Stackelberg game. The traffic authority is the leader; it determines the signal settings in anticipation of the users’ reactions. The users are followers who choose their routes after the signal settings have been determined. Finally, the system-optimal control-assignment problem is formulated as a Monopoly game. The sole player—the traffic authority—determines both signal settings and traffic flows to achieve a dynamic system-optimal solution. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the equilibria of the games.

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CALARCO, T., M. A. CIRONE, M. COZZINI, A. NEGRETTI, A. RECATI und E. CHARRON. „QUANTUM CONTROL THEORY FOR DECOHERENCE SUPPRESSION IN QUANTUM GATES“. International Journal of Quantum Information 05, Nr. 01n02 (Februar 2007): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749907002645.

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We show how quantum optimal control theory can help achieve high-fidelity quantum gates in real experimental settings. We discuss several optimization methods (from iterative algorithms to optimization by interference and to impulsive control) and different physical scenarios (from optical lattices to atom chips and to Rydberg atoms).

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Muruganantham, C., N. Jawahar, B. Ramamoorthy und D. Giridhar. „Optimal settings for vision camera calibration“. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 42, Nr. 7-8 (16.07.2008): 736–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-008-1634-y.

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4

Bougouff, Lazhar, und Abdelaziz Chaghi. „Optimal setting of DOC relay in distribution system in presence of D-FACTS“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, Nr. 4 (01.08.2021): 1811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.2809.

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The process of selecting optimal settings for directional over-current relays (DOC relays) is a selection of time dial setting (TDS) and IP (backup current), So that changes in the system of electrical power distribution. In this work, a breeder genetic algorithm (BGA) has been applied to optimal settings of DOC relays with multisystem D-FACTS devices. The simulation consists of two network operation scenarios, scenario without D-FACTS which consisting of coordination of DOC relays against three phase faults, and the second scenarios with multi TCSC. In general, had been verified on optimal settings of relays that the impacts of TCSC insertion in 33-bus distribution system on DOC relays.

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Agusto, F. B. „Optimal control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in hospital settings“. Applied Mathematical Modelling 40, Nr. 7-8 (April 2016): 4822–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2015.12.006.

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Seong, Nam-Chul, Jee-Heon Kim und Wonchang Choi. „Optimal Control Strategy for Variable Air Volume Air-Conditioning Systems Using Genetic Algorithms“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 18 (19.09.2019): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185122.

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This study is aimed at developing a real-time optimal control strategy for variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning in a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system using genetic algorithms and a simulated large-scale office building. The two selected control variables are the settings for the supply air temperature and the duct static pressure to provide optimal control for the VAV air-conditioning system. Genetic algorithms were employed to calculate the optimal control settings for each control variable. The proposed optimal control conditions were evaluated according to the total energy consumption of the HVAC system based on its component parts (fan, chiller, and cold-water pump). The results confirm that the supply air temperature and duct static pressure change according to the cooling load of the simulated building. Using the proposed optimal control variables, the total energy consumption of the building was reduced up to 5.72% compared to under ‘normal’ settings and conditions.

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Yang, Kuan, Ermei Wang, Yinggao Zhou und Kai Zhou. „Optimal vaccination policy and cost analysis for epidemic control in resource-limited settings“. Kybernetes 44, Nr. 3 (02.03.2015): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-05-2014-0103.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use analytical method and optimization tools to suggest time-optimal vaccination program for a basic SIR epidemic model with mass action contact rate when supply is limited. Design/methodology/approach – The Lagrange Multiplier Method and Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle are used to explore optimal control strategy and obtain analytical solution for the control system to minimize the total cost of disease with boundary constraint. The numerical simulation is done with Matlab using the sequential linear programming method to illustrate the impact of parameters. Findings – The result highlighted that the optimal control strategy is Bang-Bang control – to vaccinate with maximal effort until either all of the resources are used up or epidemic is over, and the optimal strategies and total cost of vaccination are usually dependent on whether there is any constraint of resource, however, the optimal strategy is independent on the relative cost of vaccination when the supply is limited. Practical implications – The research indicate a practical view that the enhancement of daily vaccination rate is critical to make effective initiatives to prevent epidemic from out breaking and reduce the costs of control. Originality/value – The analysis of the time-optimal application of outbreak control is of clear practical value and the introducing of resource constraint in epidemic control is of realistic sense, these are beneficial for epidemiologists and public health officials.

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Howlett, P. G., und J. Cheng. „Optimal driving strategies for a train on a track with continuously varying gradient“. Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 38, Nr. 3 (Januar 1997): 388–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000000746.

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AbstractThis paper derives key equations for the determination of optimal control strategies in an important engineering application. A train travels from one station to the next along a track with continuously varying gradient. The journey must be completed within a given time and it is desirable to minimise fuel consumption. We assume that only certain discrete throttle settings are possible and that each setting determines a constant rate of fuel supply. This assumption is based on the control mechanism for a typical diesel-electric locomotive. For each setting the power developed by the locomotive is directly proportional to the rate of fuel supply. We assume a single level of braking acceleration. For each fixed finite sequence of control settings we show that fuel consumption is minimised only if the settings are changed when certain key equations are satisfied. The strategy determined by these equations is called a strategy of optimal type. We show that the equations can be derived using an intuitive limit procedure applied to corresponding equations obtained by Howlett [9, 10] in the case of a piecewise constant gradient. The equations will also be derived directly by extending the methods used by Howlett. We discuss a basic solution procedure for the key equations and apply the procedure to find a strategy of optimal type in appropriate specific examples.

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Loriia, Maryna. „EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL CONTROLLER SETTINGS“. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (31.03.2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00864.

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A method for finding the optimal PID controller settings is proposed, which takes into account all the shortcomings of the most common engineering methods for finding controller settings. The method is characterized by: simplicity and versatility, which allows determining the optimal controller settings for one iteration; highly accurate identification of the control object, taking into account its nonlinearity, does not require an active experiment, provides improved dynamic properties of systems. Tuning parameters of controllers are found by the proposed method of finding the optimal settings of the controller and the most common engineering methods for finding the settings of controllers for ACS control objects in the production of nitric acid. In addition to the examples given, a number of control objects with varying degrees of oscillation and inertia are investigated. A comparative analysis of the proposed method with the most common engineering methods for finding controller settings for ACS control objects in the production of nitric acid is performed. The analysis shows that the controller parameters found by the proposed method significantly improve the dynamic properties of the system (the overshoot decreased by 10 times, the regulation time decreased by about 30 %, the static and dynamic errors decreased by 2–3 times).

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Shi, Yuanyuan, Bolun Xu, Yushi Tan, Daniel Kirschen und Baosen Zhang. „Optimal Battery Control Under Cycle Aging Mechanisms in Pay for Performance Settings“. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 64, Nr. 6 (Juni 2019): 2324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2018.2867507.

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R.Vanitha, Author, und Author M.Sudhakaran. „Optimal Location and Control Parameter Settings of UPFC using Differential Evolution Algorithm“. International Journal of Computer Applications 31, Nr. 4 (31.10.2011): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/3812-5264.

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Posny, Drew, Chairat Modnak und Jin Wang. „A multigroup model for cholera dynamics and control“. International Journal of Biomathematics 09, Nr. 01 (02.11.2015): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524516500017.

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We propose a general multigroup model for cholera dynamics that involves both direct and indirect transmission pathways and that incorporates spatial heterogeneity. Under biologically feasible conditions, we show that the basic reproduction number R0 remains a sharp threshold for cholera dynamics in multigroup settings. We verify the analysis by numerical simulation results. We also perform an optimal control study to explore optimal vaccination strategy for cholera outbreaks.

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Rao, Zhengfu, und Elad Salomons. „Development of a real-time, near-optimal control process for water-distribution networks“. Journal of Hydroinformatics 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2007): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2006.015.

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This paper presents a new approach for the real-time, near-optimal control of water-distribution networks, which forms an integral part of the POWADIMA research project. The process is based on the combined use of an artificial neural network for predicting the consequences of different control settings and a genetic algorithm for selecting the best combination. By this means, it is possible to find the optimal, or at least near-optimal, pump and valve settings for the present time-step as well as those up to a selected operating horizon, taking account of the short-term demand fluctuations, the electricity tariff structure and operational constraints such as minimum delivery pressures, etc. Thereafter, the near-optimal control settings for the present time-step are implemented. Having grounded any discrepancies between the previously predicted and measured storage levels at the next update of the monitoring facilities, the whole process is repeated on a rolling basis and a new operating strategy is computed. Contingency measures for dealing with pump failures, pipe bursts, etc., have also been included. The novelty of this approach is illustrated by the application to a small, hypothetical network. Its relevance to real networks is discussed in the subsequent papers on case studies.

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Meyer, Joachim, und Thomas B. Sheridan. „The Intricacies of User Adjustments of Alerting Thresholds“. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, Nr. 6 (17.03.2017): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817698616.

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Objective: We address the question of necessary conditions for users to adjust system settings, such as alarm thresholds, correctly. Background: When designing systems, we need to decide which system functions users should control. Giving control to users empowers them, but users must have the relevant information and the ability to adjust settings correctly for their control to be beneficial. Method: Using the example of adjusting an alerting threshold, we analyze the conditions for when users can and when they cannot possibly adjust threshold settings adequately. Results: We identify two obstacles that limit users’ ability to adjust thresholds adequately: (a) the difficulty of determining the correct threshold settings, especially because of users’ strong response to false positive indications, and (b) the difficulty of collecting the information necessary for setting the threshold. Conclusion: Users often cannot identify the optimal settings for a system, so it is unlikely that they choose adequate system settings. Application: System designers must consider the difficulties users face and analyze them explicitly when deciding on user involvement in processes.

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Kim, Minjeong, und Sungsu Park. „Optimal Control Approach to Lambert’s Problem and Gibbs’ Method“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 7 (01.04.2020): 2419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072419.

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This paper presents the optimal control approach to solve both Lambert’s problem and Gibbs’ method, which are commonly used for preliminary orbit determination. Lambert’s problem is reinterpreted with Hamilton’s principle and is converted to an optimal control problem. Various extended Lambert’s problems are formulated by modifying the weighting and constraint settings within the optimal control framework. Furthermore, Gibbs’ method is also converted to an extended Lambert’s problem with two position vectors and one orbit energy with the help of the proposed orbital energy computation algorithm. The proposed extended Lambert’s problem and Gibbs’ method are numerically solved with the Lobatto pseudospectral method, and their accuracies are verified by numerical simulations.

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Arias-Castro, Juddy Heliana, Hector Jairo Martinez-Romero und Olga Vasilieva. „Biological and Chemical Control of Mosquito Population by Optimal Control Approach“. Games 11, Nr. 4 (14.12.2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g11040062.

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This paper focuses on the design and analysis of short-term control intervention measures seeking to suppress local populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the major transmitters of dengue and other vector-borne infections. Besides traditional measures involving the spraying of larvicides and/or insecticides, we include biological control based on the deliberate introduction of predacious species feeding on the aquatic stages of mosquitoes. From the methodological standpoint, our study relies on application of the optimal control modeling framework in combination with the cost-effectiveness analysis. This approach not only enables the design of optimal strategies for external control intervention but also allows for assessment of their performance in terms of the cost-benefit relationship. By examining numerous scenarios derived from combinations of chemical and biological control measures, we try to find out whether the presence of predacious species at the mosquito breeding sites may (partially) replace the common practices of larvicide/insecticide spraying and thus reduce their negative impact on non-target organisms. As a result, we identify two strategies exhibiting the best metrics of cost-effectiveness and provide some useful insights for their possible implementation in practical settings.

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M, Ramesh Babu, C. Venkatesh Kumar und R. Sreekanth. „Optimal volt/var control of distribution system using MOPSO“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, Nr. 3 (01.12.2019): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i3.pp1088-1095.

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This paper presents a novel method for solving multi-objective Volt/Var control of radial distribution system. The Volt/Var control is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem which consists of the following objectives: minimization of real power loss, minimization of total voltage deviation and minimization of number of OLTC’s and capacitor operation and voltage fluctuations for a day-a-head in Distribution system.The Proposed MOPSO Algorithm is used to find the optimal settings of control variables such as On-Load tap changer (OLTC) and Shunt Capacitor. The proposed MOPSO algorithm is tested on a standard IEEE33-bus and 69-bus distribution system.

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Lu, Yingdong, Mayank Sharma, Mark S. Squillante und Bo Zhang. „STOCHASTIC OPTIMAL DYNAMIC CONTROL OF GIm/GIm/1n QUEUES WITH TIME-VARYING WORKLOADS“. Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 30, Nr. 3 (19.05.2016): 470–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964816000103.

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Motivated by applications in areas such as cloud computing and information technology services, we consider GI/GI/1 queueing systems under workloads (arrival and service processes) that vary according to one discrete time scale and under controls (server capacity) that vary according to another discrete time scale. We take a stochastic optimal control approach and formulate the corresponding optimal dynamic control problem as a stochastic dynamic program. Under general assumptions for the queueing system, we derive structural properties for the optimal dynamic control policy, establishing that the optimal policy can be obtained through a sequence of convex programs. We also derive fluid and diffusion approximations for the problem and propose analytical and computational approaches in these settings. Computational experiments demonstrate the benefits of our theoretical results over standard heuristics.

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Lee, H. L., W. H. Hausman und G. J. Gutierrez. „Optimal machine settings of imperfect component production processes for assembly operations“. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 6, Nr. 6 (1990): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.63268.

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Eisenberg, Julia, Stefan Kremsner und Alexander Steinicke. „Two Approaches for a Dividend Maximization Problem under an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Interest Rate“. Mathematics 9, Nr. 18 (14.09.2021): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182257.

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We investigate a dividend maximization problem under stochastic interest rates with Ornstein-Uhlenbeck dynamics. This setup also takes negative rates into account. First a deterministic time is considered, where an explicit separating curve α(t) can be found to determine the optimal strategy at time t. In a second setting, we introduce a strategy-independent stopping time. The properties and behavior of these optimal control problems in both settings are analyzed in an analytical HJB-driven approach, and we also use backward stochastic differential equations.

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Bello, Mobolaji, Davis Montenegro-Martinez, Ben York und Jeff Smith. „Optimal Settings for Multiple Groups of Smart Inverters on Secondary Systems Using Autonomous Control“. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 54, Nr. 2 (März 2018): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2017.2766582.

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Samaranayake, Premaratne, Chelsea Maier, Sachin Chavan, Weiguang Liang, Zhong-Hua Chen, David T. Tissue und Yi-Chen Lan. „Energy Minimisation in a Protected Cropping Facility Using Multi-Temperature Acquisition Points and Control of Ventilation Settings“. Energies 14, Nr. 19 (22.09.2021): 6014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196014.

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Energy management in protected cropping is critical due to the high cost of energy use in high-tech greenhouse facilities. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the optimal strategy to reduce cooling energy consumption, by regulating the settings (opening/closing) of either vents or curtains during the day, at the protected cropping facility at Western Sydney University. We measured daily changes in air temperature and energy consumption under four treatments (open/closed combinations of vents and shade screens) and developed an optimal cooling strategy for energy management using multi-temperature acquisition points at different heights within a greenhouse compartment. The optimal treatment (vents open/curtains closed) reduced energy load at the rooftop, thereby maintaining a desirable plant canopy temperature profile, and reducing cooling energy. Daily energy consumption was lowest for vents open/curtains closed (70.5 kWh) and highest for vents closed/curtains open (121 kWh). It was also found that delaying the operation of opening and closing of vents and curtains until the plant canopy temperature reached 25 °C reduced cooling energy consumption and decreased heating energy consumption in the morning (e.g., 08:00 to 10:00). The estimated savings of 1.83 kWh per 1 °C cooling between the optimal (vents open/curtains closed) and least optimal (vents closed/curtains open) conditions had the potential for significant energy savings at 494 kWh per °C over a crop cycle of nine months in warm weather conditions. However, selection of the optimal cooling strategy utilising control of vents and curtains must also account for the impact from other greenhouse environmental factors, including light, humidity, and CO2 concentration, which may be crop specific.

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Fernández-Segovia, J. A., S. Luna-Ramírez, M. Toril und C. Úbeda. „A Fast Self-Planning Approach for Fractional Uplink Power Control Parameters in LTE Networks“. Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8267407.

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Uplink Power Control (ULPC) is a key feature of mobile networks. Particularly, in LTE, Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) performance strongly depends on Uplink Power Control configuration. In this work, a methodology for the self-planning of uplink Fractional Power Control (FPC) settings is presented. Values for nominal power and channel path-loss compensation factor are proposed. The method is designed for the planning and operational (replanning) stages. A very fast solution for FPC setting can be achieved by the combination of several simple solutions obtained by assuming some simplifications. First, the FPC planning problem is formulated analytically on a cell basis through the combination of multiple regular scenarios built on a per-adjacency basis from a live scenario. Secondly, detailed inspection of the FPC parameter values aims to identify the most important variables in the scenario impacting optimal FPC settings. Finally, regression equations can be built based on those key variables for a simple FPC parameter calculation, so computational costs are extremely reduced. Results show that network performance with the proposed FPC parameter settings is good when compared with typical FPC configurations from operators.

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Petrache, Mircea. „Cyclically monotone non-optimal N-marginal transport plans and Smirnov-type decompositions for N-flows“. ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 26 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2020050.

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In the setting of optimal transport with N ≥ 2 marginals, a necessary condition for transport plans to be optimal is that they are c-cyclically monotone. For N = 2 there exist several proofs that in very general settings c-cyclical monotonicity is also sufficient for optimality, while for N ≥ 3 this is only known under strong conditions on c. Here we give a counterexample which shows that c-cylclical monotonicity is in general not sufficient for optimality if N ≥ 3. Comparison with the N = 2 case shows how the main proof strategies valid for the case N = 2 might fail for N ≥ 3. We leave open the question of what is the optimal condition on c under which c-cyclical monotonicity is sufficient for optimality. The new concept of an N-flow seems to be helpful for understanding the counterexample: our construction is based on the absence of finite-support closed N-flows in the set where our counterexample cost c is finite. To follow this idea we formulate a Smirnov-type decomposition for N-flows.

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Toledo, Tomer, Omar Mansour und Jack Haddad. „Optimal Dynamic Tolls for Managed Lanes“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2606-04.

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This paper presents a real-time simulation-based control framework to determine dynamic toll rates to optimize an operator's objective subject to various operational and contractual constraints, such as smooth toll rate changes and maintenance of prescribed levels of service on the toll lane. The toll-setting system incorporates models to predict both the vehicle arrival process upstream of the toll lane facility and drivers’ choice whether to use the toll lanes as a function of the toll rate and travel times presented to drivers within the information system. A macroscopic traffic simulation model is used to predict the flow conditions within the prediction horizon. The travel times provided to users as information and the travel times predicted by the traffic flow model are iterated until consistency between them is obtained. The whole process is embedded within an optimization algorithm that sets tolls to optimize a given objective function. Several case studies demonstrate the use of this framework and its potential to provide useful toll settings.

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Modnak, Chairat, Jin Wang und Zindoga Mukandavire. „Simulating optimal vaccination times during cholera outbreaks“. International Journal of Biomathematics 07, Nr. 02 (März 2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524514500144.

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The use of cholera vaccines has been increasingly recognized as an effective control measure in cholera endemic countries. However, guidelines for using vaccination during cholera outbreaks are still to be established, and it remains an open question as to how and when the vaccines should be deployed to best control ongoing cholera outbreaks. Here we formulate a new optimal control model to assess the value of cholera vaccines in epidemic settings and cost-effective optimal times to deploy a vaccine. Our results suggest that as long as the vaccine prices are sufficiently low, vaccination should always start from or immediately after the onset of a cholera outbreak.

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Wang, Qichao, und Montasir Abbas. „Optimal Urban Traffic Model Predictive Control for NEMA Standards“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, Nr. 7 (17.04.2019): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841851.

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Green splits are one of the three important types of control parameter in a modern traffic controller. Few studies have been done on coordinated optimal splits control under the National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA) Standards. We proposed a virtual phase-link concept and used this concept to model urban traffic control under the NEMA Standards. We framed the coordinated optimal splits control problem as a linear quadratic programming problem and implemented the optimal feedback control with model predictive control. The outputs of the solution are timing plans that can be used in NEMA controllers. We conducted microscopic simulation studies to compare timing plans generated from the proposed method with those generated from a state-of-the-practice signal timing software. It was found that the proposed method significantly outperformed the benchmarking method under semi-actuated control settings. The evaluation of the optimization algorithm shows that the optimization process can be performed in a real-time manner, indicating that the proposed method can be implemented for large-scale urban traffic optimal splits control.

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Lo, C. H., Y. K. Wong und A. B. Rad. „Computer-Aided Learning of Controller Design: Focus on Fuzzy Logic Control“. International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 39, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2002): 358–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.39.4.6.

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A computer-aided controller design package is developed in this paper. The package provides a simulated environment for simulating the action of a controller under different parameter settings in order to achieve optimal system performance. The designed controller is then applied to a process plant for on-line control.

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Dal Bianco, Nicola, Roberto Lot und Marco Gadola. „Minimum time optimal control simulation of a GP2 race car“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, Nr. 9 (09.10.2017): 1180–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728158.

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In this work, optimal control theory is applied to minimum lap time simulation of a GP2 car, using a multibody car model with enhanced load transfer dynamics. The mathematical multibody model is formulated with use of the symbolic algebra software MBSymba and it comprises 14 degrees of freedom, including full chassis motion, suspension travels and wheel spins. The kinematics of the suspension is exhaustively analysed and the impact of tyre longitudinal and lateral forces in determining vehicle trim is demonstrated. An indirect optimal control method is then used to solve the minimum lap time problem. Simulation outcomes are compared with experimental data acquired during a qualifying lap at Montmeló circuit (Barcelona) in the 2012 GP2 season. Results demonstrate the reliability of the model, suggesting it can be used to optimise car settings (such as gearing and aerodynamic setup) before executing track tests.

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Villegas-Ruvalcaba, Mario, Kelly Joel Gurubel-Tun und Alberto Coronado-Mendoza. „Robust Inverse Optimal Control for a Boost Converter“. Energies 14, Nr. 9 (27.04.2021): 2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092507.

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The variability of renewable energies and their integration into the grid via power electronics demands the design of robust control algorithms. This work incorporates two techniques to ensure the stability of a boost converter through its state equations, implementing the inverse optimal control and the gain-scheduling technique for robust control settings. In such a way that, under a single adjustment, it is capable of damping different changes such as changes in the parameters, changes in the load, the input voltage, and the reference voltage. On the other hand, inverse optimal control is based on a discrete-time control Lyapunov function (CLF), and CLF candidate depends on fixed parameters that are selected to obtain the solution for inverse optimal control. Once these parameters have been found through heuristic or artificial intelligence methods, the new proposed methodology is capable of obtaining a robust optimal control scheme, without having to search for new parameters through other methods, since these are sometimes sensitive changes and many times the process of a new search is delayed. The results of the approach are simulated using Matlab, obtaining good performance of the proposed control under different operation conditions. Such simulations yielded errors of less than 1% based on the voltage reference, given the disturbances caused by changes in the input variables, system parameters, and changes in the reference. Thus, applying the new methodology, the stability of our system was preserved in all cases.

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Lo, Nathan C., David Gurarie, Nara Yoon, Jean T. Coulibaly, Eran Bendavid, Jason R. Andrews und Charles H. King. „Impact and cost-effectiveness of snail control to achieve disease control targets for schistosomiasis“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 4 (04.01.2018): E584—E591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708729114.

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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 240 million people globally. To improve population-level disease control, there is growing interest in adding chemical-based snail control interventions to interrupt the lifecycle of Schistosoma in its snail host to reduce parasite transmission. However, this approach is not widely implemented, and given environmental concerns, the optimal conditions for when snail control is appropriate are unclear. We assessed the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of various snail control strategies. We extended previously published dynamic, age-structured transmission and cost-effectiveness models to simulate mass drug administration (MDA) and focal snail control interventions against Schistosoma haematobium across a range of low-prevalence (5–20%) and high-prevalence (25–50%) rural Kenyan communities. We simulated strategies over a 10-year period of MDA targeting school children or entire communities, snail control, and combined strategies. We measured incremental cost-effectiveness in 2016 US dollars per disability-adjusted life year and defined a strategy as optimally cost-effective when maximizing health gains (averted disability-adjusted life years) with an incremental cost-effectiveness below a Kenya-specific economic threshold. In both low- and high-prevalence settings, community-wide MDA with additional snail control reduced total disability by an additional 40% compared with school-based MDA alone. The optimally cost-effective scenario included the addition of snail control to MDA in over 95% of simulations. These results support inclusion of snail control in global guidelines and national schistosomiasis control strategies for optimal disease control, especially in settings with high prevalence, “hot spots” of transmission, and noncompliance to MDA.

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Beveridge, Stuart D. H., Simon T. Henderson, Wayne L. Martin und Joleah B. Lamb. „Command and Control“. Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 8, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000130.

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Abstract. Compared with other team settings, flight crew in air transport present a unique situation where the leader or supervisor regularly engages in active control. When the captain is assigned cognitively demanding pilot flying duties, the subordinate and often less experienced first officer must perform equally crucial monitoring and support duties. Using a systematic review methodology, this study reviews the reported effect of crew role assignment on flight safety outcomes. Our review identified 18 relevant studies and suggests crew performance factors linked to flight safety are affected by crew role assignment. Findings suggest a greater number of inherent obstacles may exist for optimal crew performance with the captain as pilot flying, raising the need for further specific research and policy review in this area.

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Alamelu, SM, und R. P. Kumudini Devi. „Optimal Siting and Sizing of UPFC Control Settings in Grid Integrated Wind Energy Conversion Systems“. Wind Engineering 34, Nr. 4 (Juni 2010): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309-524x.34.4.421.

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Matthews, Ronald C., Trupal R. Patel, Adam K. Summers, Matthew J. Reno und Shamina Hossain-McKenzie. „Per-Phase and 3-Phase Optimal Coordination of Directional Overcurrent Relays Using Genetic Algorithm“. Energies 14, Nr. 6 (18.03.2021): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061699.

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Penetration of the power grid by renewable energy sources, distributed storage, and distributed generators is becoming increasingly common. Increased utilization of these distributed energy resources (DERs) has given rise to additional protection coordination concerns, particularly where they are utilized in an unbalanced manner or where loading among phases is unbalanced. Digital relays such as the SEL-751 (produced by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Pullman, WA, USA) series have the capability of being set on a per-phase basis. This capability is underutilized in common practice. Additionally, in optimization algorithms for determining relay settings, the time-overcurrent characteristics (TOCs) of relays are generally not treated as variables and are assigned before running the optimization algorithm. In this paper, TOC options themselves are treated as discrete variables to be considered in the optimization algorithm. A mixed integer nonlinear programming problem (MINLP) is set up where the goal is to minimize relay operating times. A genetic algorithm (GA) approach is implemented in MATLAB where two cases are considered. In the first case, the TOC and Time dial setting (TDS) of each relay is set on a three-phase basis. In the second case, per-phase settings are considered. Relay TDSs and TOCs are both considered as simultaneous discrete control variables. Despite the stochastic nature of using per-phase settings for unbalanced systems is found to generally allow for shorter operating times. However, for relatively balanced systems, it is best to use three-phase settings if computation time is of importance.

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Manousakis, Nikolaos M., und George N. Korres. „Optimal PMU arrangement considering limited channel capacity and transformer tap settings“. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 14, Nr. 24 (18.12.2020): 5984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1951.

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Kubyshkin, V. A., und S. S. Postnov. „Optimal Control Problem Investigation for Linear Time-Invariant Systems of Fractional Order with Lumped Parameters Described by Equations with Riemann-Liouville Derivative“. Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4873083.

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This paper studies two optimal control problems for linear time-invariant systems of fractional order with lumped parameters whose dynamics is described by equations which contain Riemann-Liouville derivative. The first problem is to find control with minimal norm and the second one is to find control with minimal control time at given restriction for control norm. The problem setting with nonlocal initial conditions is considered which differs from other known settings for integer-order systems and fractional-order systems described in terms of equations with Caputo derivative. Admissible controls are allowed to belong to the class of functions which arep-integrable on half segment. The basic investigation approach is the moment method. The correctness and solvability of moment problem are validated for considered problem setting for the system of arbitrary dimension. It is shown that corresponding conditions are analogous to those derived for systems which are described in terms of equations with Caputo derivative. For several particular cases of one- and two-dimensional systems the posed problems are solved explicitly. The dependencies of basic values from derivative index and control time are analyzed. The comparison is performed of obtained results with known results for analogous integer-order systems and fractional-order systems which are described by equations with Caputo derivative.

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Yonchev, Andrey, und Martin Mladenov. „H∞ CONTROL DESIGN OF A MULTITANK SYSTEM“. Proceedings of the Technical University of Sofia 70, Nr. 3 (03.09.2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47978/tus.2020.70.03.017.

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This paper considers MATLAB® modeling and simulation of H∞ controller and its realization on the Multitank System. The first task is to study the physical plant of the laboratory Multitank System and to apply a given mathematical model for optimal controller design. The general objective of the derived regulator is to reach and stabilize the level in the tanks by an adjustment of the pump operation or/and valves settings. Finally, it is necessary to simulate the obtained closed-loop system and to test its workability.

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Migallón, Héctor, Akram Belazi, José-Luis Sánchez-Romero, Héctor Rico und Antonio Jimeno-Morenilla. „Settings-Free Hybrid Metaheuristic General Optimization Methods“. Mathematics 8, Nr. 7 (03.07.2020): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8071092.

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Several population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been proposed in the last decades, none of which are able either to outperform all existing algorithms or to solve all optimization problems according to the No Free Lunch (NFL) theorem. Many of these algorithms behave effectively, under a correct setting of the control parameter(s), when solving different engineering problems. The optimization behavior of these algorithms is boosted by applying various strategies, which include the hybridization technique and the use of chaotic maps instead of the pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs). The hybrid algorithms are suitable for a large number of engineering applications in which they behave more effectively than the thoroughbred optimization algorithms. However, they increase the difficulty of correctly setting control parameters, and sometimes they are designed to solve particular problems. This paper presents three hybridizations dubbed HYBPOP, HYBSUBPOP, and HYBIND of up to seven algorithms free of control parameters. Each hybrid proposal uses a different strategy to switch the algorithm charged with generating each new individual. These algorithms are Jaya, sine cosine algorithm (SCA), Rao’s algorithms, teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), and chaotic Jaya. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms perform better than the original algorithms, which implies the optimal use of these algorithms according to the problem to be solved. One more advantage of the hybrid algorithms is that no prior process of control parameter tuning is needed.

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Бабенко, В. В., И. А. Хайченко und Ю. В. Нефедов. „APPLICATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FACTOR PLANNING METHOD FOR REALIZING REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION SETTING SYSTEM SETTINGS“. ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, Nr. 5() (18.11.2020): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.16.5.007.

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Рассматривается способ координации настроек локальных систем автоматического регулирования установок компенсации реактивной мощности (РМ) городской системы электроснабжения для достижения оптимального режима работы всей системы по критерию минимума потерь электрической энергии. На основе анализа базы данных автоматизированной системы коммерческого учета электроэнергии МУП «Воронежская горэлектросеть» за пять лет определено, что величина tg φ (коэффициент реактивной мощности) не соответствует нормируемым ГОСТом значениям и требует существенной корректировки для снижения потерь электрической энергии. Оптимальный режим управления рассматриваемой системой электроснабжения по месту подключения и величине реактивной мощности требуемых установок компенсации возможен при правильном соотношении выбранных критериев локальной и системной оптимизации режимов работы ГЭС. Определено, что для получения экономически обоснованного эффекта от оптимизации режима работы ГЭС по критерию достижения tg φ не более 0,35 необходима установка устройств компенсации РМ как минимум на 50% -70% всех параметров реактивной мощности узла нагрузки (РП) энергоемких потребителей. Кроме того, показана целесообразность использования при данном способе компенсации реактивной мощности регрессионного принципа автоматического управления, базирующегося на методе факторного планирования эксперимента. При наличии базы данных параметров городской системы электроснабжения возможно получить серию уравнений регрессии, являющихся основой для настроек локальной системы управления установок компенсации реактивной мощности, которые необходимо установить в основных узловых точках РП МУП «Воронежская горэлектросеть». Установлено, что сформированные на базе уравнений регрессии параметры для системы управления успешно могут быть интегрированы в современные цифровые микропроцессорные регуляторы установок компенсации реактивной мощности сложных систем электроснабжения This article discusses how to coordinate the settings of local automatic control systems of reactive power compensation plants of a city power supply system in order to achieve the optimal mode of operation of the entire system according to the criterion of minimum loss of electric energy. Based on the analysis of the database of the automated system of commercial accounting of electricity of Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Voronezh City Electric Network" for five years, it was determined that the value of tg φ (reactive power factor) does not correspond to the values normalized by GOST and requires significant adjustment to reduce electrical energy losses. The optimal control mode of the considered power supply system at the point of connection and the value of reactive power of the required compensation plants is possible with the correct ratio of the selected criteria of local and system optimization of the hydroelectric power station operation modes. It was determined that in order to obtain an economically justified effect from optimizing the mode of operation of the hydroelectric power station according to the criterion of tg φ reaching a maximum of 0.35, it is necessary to install RM compensation devices at least 50% -70% of all RP energy-intensive consumers. In addition, the utility of using the regression principle of automatic control c based on the factor planning method of the experiment in this reactive power compensation method is shown. At sufficiently low costs for collection, processing of statistical material and optimization calculations, it is possible to obtain a series of regression equations, on which the calculated part of the settings of the control system of reactive power compensation plants, which should be installed in the main nodes of the Voronezh City Electric Network, is based. It was found that the parameters generated on the basis of regression equations for the control system can be successfully integrated into modern digital microprocessor regulators of reactive power compensation plants of complex power supply systems

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Derets, O., A. Sadovoi und A. Derets. „OPTIMIZATION IN SPEED OF THE RELAY-MODAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE SERVO DRIVE BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL“. Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 2, Nr. 37 (23.04.2021): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.37.2020.8.

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Positional control systems are characterized by the limitation of intermediate coordinates in transients. Such restrictions are implemented by a system with cascading controllers. The N-i switching method provides optimization of the speed of such control systems. In this paper, we study the three-loop system of subordinate regulation. The parameters of the relay-modal controllers were varied based on a change in the calculated amplitude of the control action without changing its real value. The parametric synthesis of such a system is based on optimal trajectories in terms of speed. The study of the control system at various settings revealed a different degree of deviation of transitional trajectories from the calculated one. This effect is due to the replacement of optimal regulator settings with modal ones in order to give the system a margin of stability. The obtained families of transient characteristics make it possible to construct empirical dependences of the duration of regulation on the relative value of the calculated amplitude of the control action. Such dependencies have pronounced extremes, which makes it possible to tune the system to a near optimal speed by preventing the regulators from entering the sliding mode prematurely. The performed simulation of the positional system with extremal settings confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the correction of dynamic characteristics. The results of the study open up the prospects of the practical implementation of relay-modal control algorithms for cascading systems, the synthesis of which is based on the N-i switching method.

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Immanuel, D. Godwin, G. Selva Kumar und C. Christober Asir Rajan. „Differential Evolution Algorithm Based Optimal Reactive Power Control for Voltage Stability Improvement“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (Oktober 2013): 2357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2357.

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Voltage stability assessment plays a major role in planning and operation of power system. This paper presents an efficient approach to solve reactive power control problem for voltage stability improvement. In this approach the voltage stability index is formulated to identify the most vulnerable bus at various operating conditions. The bus with the value of maximum VSI is considered as the most critical bus. To maintain the stability of the system the severity of the load buses has to be minimized. This can be achieved by the optimal settings of control variables using Differential Evolution Algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been examined on the standard IEEE 30 bus test system under stressed and contingency condition.

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Alcaraz, Kassandra I., Matthew W. Kreuter und Rebecca P. Bryan. „Use of GIS to identify optimal settings for cancer prevention and control in African American communities“. Preventive Medicine 49, Nr. 1 (Juli 2009): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.04.016.

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Premkumar, K., M. Vishnupriya, Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu, B. V. Manikandan, T. Thamizhselvan, A. Nazar Ali, Md Rabiul Islam, Abbas Z. Kouzani und M. A. Parvez Mahmud. „Black Widow Optimization-Based Optimal PI-Controlled Wind Turbine Emulator“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (11.12.2020): 10357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410357.

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In this article, the parameters of the proportional-integral (PI) controller of the wind turbine (WT) emulator, i.e., proportional and integral gain of the PI controller, are optimized using a black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA). The proposed system is developed and analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the BWOA optimized PI controller is compared with a BAT algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithm optimized PI controller to measure the effectiveness of the proposed control system. The developed system is tested for different operating conditions such as static wind speed settings, static pitch angle conditions, step-change in wind speed settings, and step-change in pitch angle settings. Finally, the proposed system is realized in real-time by hardware experimentations. The results of the experimentation are compared with simulation results as well. The presented simulation and hardware result shows good agreement, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method. Thereby, the proposed optimization-based PI-controlled wind emulator can be recommended for emulating the characteristics of any type of WT with a low-cost system.

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Otieno, Gabriel, Joseph K. Koske und John M. Mutiso. „Transmission Dynamics and Optimal Control of Malaria in Kenya“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8013574.

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This paper proposes and analyses a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of malaria with four-time dependent control measures in Kenya: insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs), treatment, indoor residual spray (IRS), and intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp). We first considered constant control parameters and calculate the basic reproduction number and investigate existence and stability of equilibria as well as stability analysis. We proved that ifR0≤1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable inD. IfR0>1, the unique endemic equilibrium exists and is globally asymptotically stable. The model also exhibits backward bifurcation atR0=1. IfR0>1, the model admits a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable in the interior of feasible regionD. The sensitivity results showed that the most sensitive parameters are mosquito death rate and mosquito biting rates. We then consider the time-dependent control case and use Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease using the proposed model. The existence of optimal control problem is proved. Numerical simulations of the optimal control problem using a set of reasonable parameter values suggest that the optimal control strategy for malaria control in endemic areas is the combined use of treatment and IRS; for epidemic prone areas is the use of treatment and IRS; for seasonal areas is the use of treatment; and for low risk areas is the use of ITNs and treatment. Control programs that follow these strategies can effectively reduce the spread of malaria disease in different malaria transmission settings in Kenya.

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Knitter, Michael, Ruediger Kays und Wolfgang Endemann. „Transmit Power and Rate Control for Spatial Reuse in Dense Wireless LANs“. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 13, Nr. 3 (Juli 2021): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2021070102.

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Spatial reuse is an approach to better utilize the wireless medium in dense networks. In contrast to time multiplexed channel access, the idea is to allow a certain level of interference between parallel transmitting links. Depending on transmit power and rate settings, such parallel transmissions may result in increased overall system performance. This paper presents a systematic approach to model dense networks and optimize transmit power and rate settings for best total system performance. It discusses driving factors and limitations for spatial reuse. The paper introduces two algorithms for concurrent optimal transmit power and rate selection. System simulations using a fading channel model compare the performance of the algorithms against CSMA/CA. The simulation results show that average system performance can be increased by 100% and more.

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He, Yi, Jin Wen Yang und Feng Bao. „Wake Vortex Control Using Modified Flaps“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 365-366 (August 2013): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.365-366.827.

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The present paper is on the experimental investigation of a potentially effective method to alleviate the strength of aircraft wake vortex. The research work was carried out in a water-towing tank which equipped with a 2-D PIV system. By using modified flaps attached to the baseline-airfoil, the Rayleigh-Ludwieg instability of the wake vortex was activated, resulting in a premature dissipation of the wake vortex. The experimental results of PIV measurement exhibited that the circulation of the wake vortex was reduced to over 50% for the optimal case at 45 wingspans downstream with suitable settings, which proved the effectiveness of the modified-flap treatment in alleviating the wake vortex under labor conditions.

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Al-Refaie, Abbas, Rami H. Fouad und Nour Bata. „Optimal Performance of Caps’ Pressing Process Using Taguchi-Grey Method“. Modern Applied Science 13, Nr. 2 (27.01.2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n2p275.

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This paper aims at improving the performance of caps’ pressing process using Taguchi-grey relational analysis. Five main quality characteristics were considered, involving cap’s height, inner diameter, outer diameter, angle, and plastic weight. The individual and moving range control charts were constructed for each quality characteristic. Then, process capability analysis was then carried out to assess process performance at initial process factor settings, at which the process was found incapable in producing conforming caps for some quality characteristics. Thus, the Taguchi’s designed experiments were employed to provide experimental layout followed by the grey relational analysis to determine the combination of optimal factor settings. Results showed significant in almost all the five quality responses and thereby resulted in huge production and quality cost savings. 

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Cvejn, Jan. „Sub-optimal PID controller settings for FOPDT systems with long dead time“. Journal of Process Control 19, Nr. 9 (Oktober 2009): 1486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2009.07.002.

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Aich, Ushasta, und Simul Banerjee. „A Simple Procedure for Searching Pareto Optimal Front in Machining Process: Electric Discharge Machining“. Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/594054.

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Optimum control parameter setting in complex and stochastic type processes is one of the most challenging problems to the process engineers. As such, effective model development and determination of optimal operating conditions of electric discharge machining process (EDM) are reasonably difficult. In this apper, an easy to handle optimization procedure, weight-varying multiobjective simulated annealing, is proposed and is applied to optimize two conflicting type response parameters in EDM—material removal rate (MRR) and average surface roughness (Ra) simultaneously. A solution set is generated. The Pareto optimal front thus developed is further modeled. An inverse solution procedure is devised so that near-optimum process parameter settings can be determined for specific need based requirements of process engineers. The results are validated.

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Jurkiewicz, Agnieszka, und Yuriy Pyr'yev. „The Change of Printouts' Quality Depending on Pressure of a Blanket Cylinder Against an Impression Cylinder and a Plate Cylinder in Offset Machine“. Acta Mechanica et Automatica 8, Nr. 1 (01.03.2014): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2014-0002.

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Abstract According to lots of books, the pressure in offset printing affects the optical density and the quality of printouts. One of the quality parameters is a tone value increase. An advantage of our research method is obtaining printing effects for different pressures on one printout, thus meaning for identical printing conditions. We obtained the same printing conditions through using different amounts of underlay sheets fixed to the blanket cylinder, under a blanket. The pressure was increased from optimal settings - in accordance with the machine manufacturer’s recommendation. The test printouts were printed using Adast Dominant 515, on a coated and an uncoated paper. The optical density value was measured on the tone value scale from 10% to 100% stepping regularly by 10%. For this scale the tone value increase was computed. The research shows that for both types of paper the optical density and the tone value increase changes not very much above the optimal pressure recommended by the machine manufacturer. A difference in the optical density and in the tone value increase is bigger for coated paper than for uncoated paper. Changes in these two parameters are negligible in places where used form 0 to 4 underlay sheets and are quite significant in the place where 5 underlay sheets were.

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