Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Optická vazba“

<p>The red mangrove crab, <em>Goniopsis cruentata,</em> influences the recruitment and composition of plant species in the mangrove ecosystem and it is an important fishery resource. Nevertheless, no current management and conservation plans are available for this species for the Brazilian coast. This investigation evaluated the population structure and reproductive biology in populations of <em>G. cruentata</em> under contrasting fishery pressures. The sampling program was carried out in two mangroves, Vaza-Barris and Sergipe River, from January through December 2011. Crabs from both mangroves were randomly collected by a professional fisherman during daytime low tide periods, using a fishing rod baited with pieces of a locally abundant gastropod, <em>Pugilina morio</em>, during 20min/area (catch per unit effort). Monthly measurements of air, sediment surface layer and water temperatures were obtained with a digital thermometer and salinity with an optical refractometer. Both crab populations were compared concerning their abundance, body size, sex ratio, size at onset of sexual maturity and fecundity (FI). Abiotic factors (air, water and mud temperature; and salinity) showed no significant differences between sampling localities. A total of 4 370 crabs were sampled, 2 829 from the Sergipe River and 1 541 from the Vaza-Barris River. The abundance and body size of crabs were compared between mangroves, and statistically significant differences were found. The sex ratio for both populations differed from the expected 1:1 ratio, and a significant deviation in favor of juvenile males was obtained, while adults showed a bias toward females. The estimated size at onset of sexual maturity for both sexes was similar in both populations. However, the populations differed significantly in the number and volume of eggs: a higher FI was obtained in females from the Sergipe River, while a higher egg volume was observed in females from the Vaza-Barris River mangrove. These results indicated a tendency to decrease the body size, the abundance of crabs and the reproductive potential of the species, with higher fishing intensities, reinforcing the need to develop a management plan as well as to establish conservation units for <em>G. cruentata</em> in the Northeastern Brazilian coast. Habitat loss in conjunction with long-term overfishing can have irreversible consequences, which can impact not only the populations of commercially exploited crabs, but the dynamics of virtually the entire mangrove ecosystem.</p>

Abstract: this article aims to analyze and identify, through the optics of its members, the problems faced by the Irrigators Cooperative of the Vaza-barreris River - CIVAB, in the municipality of Canudos / BA. Methodology used to collect primary data, obtained with the application of questionnaires and informal interviews together with members of the CIVAB board of directors, and collection of secondary data through specialized reading. Fifty-one interviewees were interviewed from a universe of 201 cooperatives from August to October 2015. At the end of the study it was concluded that there is a need to introduce into the CIVAB a management model based on professionalism in a way that can adapt to new times, to develop strategies to achieve success, so that it contributes to the emergence of entrepreneurial actions and promote local development.Governança e Educação Cooperativista em Cooperativas Agropecuárias: o caso da Civab no Município de Canudos (BA)Resumo: este artigo tem por objetivo analisar e identificar através da ótica de seus cooperados, os problemas enfrentados pela Cooperativa dos Irrigantes do Rio Vaza-barris – CIVAB, no município de Canudos/BA, os quais, a longo prazo, poderão comprometer a sustentabilidade do referido empreendimento, cujos desdobramentos poderão impactar diretamente na atividade produtiva de seus associados realizada no âmbito de suas respectivas propriedades rurais. A amostra utilizada pelo presente estudo totalizou 51 entrevistados num universo formado por 201 produtores rurais. Como metodologia, foi realizada coleta de dados primários, obtida através de entrevista com aplicação de questionários estruturados e entrevista informal com produtores e membros da diretoria da CIVAB. Este tipo de coleta de dados é uma riquíssima fonte para análises com descrições e dados, através da ilustração com gráficos para melhor visualização da pesquisa. Realizou-se também uma coleta de dados secundários através de consulta à literatura especializada, periódicos, censos, artigos e bancos de dados. A pesquisa ocorreu no período de agosto a outubro de 2015. Ao final do estudo concluiu-se que existe a necessidade de se introduzir na CIVAB modelo de gestão pautado no profissionalismo de forma que possa se adequar aos novos tempos, capaz de traçar estratégias para alcançar o sucesso, vindo a favorecer o desenvolvimento de ambiente propício para o empreendedorismo e o desenvolvimento local, além de promover seu próprio desenvolvimento econômico.Gobernanza y Educación Cooperativista en Cooperativas Agropecuarias: el caso de la Civab en el Municipio de Canudos (BA)Resumen: este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar e identificar a través de la óptica de sus cooperados, los problemas enfrentados por la Cooperativa de los Irrigantes del Río Vaza-barris - CIVAB, en el municipio de Canudos / BA. Metodología utilizada recolecta de datos primarios, obtenida con aplicación de cuestionarios y entrevistas informales juntos a los cooperados y miembros del directorio de la CIVAB, y recolección de datos secundarios a través de lectura especializada. Se entrevistaron 51 de un universo de 201cooperados en el período de agosto a octubre de 2015. Al final del estudio se concluyó que existe la necesidad de introducir en la CIVAB modelo de gestión pautado en el profesionalismo de forma que pueda adecuarse a los nuevos tiempos, capaz de trazar estrategias para alcanzar el éxito, de modo que venga a contribuir al surgimiento de acciones emprendedoras y promover el desarrollo local.

The diploma thesis deals with the optical response of resonant infrared antennas on silicon dioxide thin film. At first, theory of electromagnetism at metal/dielectric interfaces is described. In the next part, experimental and numerical methods used in the thesis are described and strong coupling between two systems is explained. In the final part of the thesis, the optical response of resonant infrared antennas on a silicon dioxide thin film is studied by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy and FDTD simulations which both show the strong coupling between localized plasmons and phonons in silicon dioxide.

Studium chování opticky zachycených částic nám umožňuje porozumět základním fyzikálním jevům plynoucím z interakce světla a hmoty. Předkládaná práce podává vysvětlení zesílení tažné síly působící na opticky svázané částice ve strukturovaném světelném poli, tzv. tažném svazku. Ukazujeme, že pohyb dvou opticky svázaných objektů v tažném svazku je silně závislý na jejich vzájemné vzdálenosti a prostorové orientaci, což rozšiřuje možnosti manipulace hmoty pomocí světla. Následně se práce zaměřuje na levitaci opticky zachycených částic ve vakuu. Představujeme novou metodologii na charakterizaci vlastností slabě nelinearního Duffingova oscilátoru reprezentovaného opticky levitující částicí. Metoda je založena na průměrování trajektorií s určitou počáteční pozicí ve fázovém prostoru sestávajícím z polohy a rychlosti částice a poskytuje informaci o parametrech oscilátoru přímo ze zaznamenaného pohybu. Náš inovativní postup je srovnán s běžně užívanou metodou založenou na analýze spektrální hustoty polohy částice a za využití numerických simulací ukazujeme její použitelnost i v nízkých tlacích, kde nelinearita hraje významnou roli.

Tato diplomová práce pojednává o charakteristikách laserových diod, difrakcí a o vlastnostech gausovského svazku. Je určen útlum vazby vysílací dioda - vysílací apertura v závislosti na velikostech apertury a na velikosti svazku v programu MATLAB. Jsou stanoveny optimální parametry vazby apertura-dioda.

The aim of the thesis is to utilize Raman optical activity (ROA) to get unique information on peptide/protein conformation, which is otherwise difficult or even impossible to obtain. We have focused on investigation of amide and disulfide groups. Utilizing tailor-made model structures (rigid tricyclic spirodilactams with two interacting nonplanar amide groups), special model peptides and even biologically active molecules (neurohypophyseal hormones and their agonistic and antagonistic analogs, antimicrobial peptide lasiocepsin and its analogs having different disulfide pattern) we have traced specific spectral manifestation of nonplanar amides and disulfides. ROA results were supplemented by data obtained by complementary chiroptical methods - electronic (including vacuum UV - SRCD) and vibrational circular dichroism. When used in a concerted fashion, these techniques provide complex information on peptide/protein secondary structure. Where possible, experimental chiroptical data were compared to ab initio calculations. In chiroptical spectra we have found and interpreted signals reflecting nonplanarity of the amide group. Moreover, in ROA spectra we have identified signals due to S-S stretching vibrations which seem to reflect sense of the disulfide group torsion.

The thesis inquires the specific and advantageous applications of Raman optical activity (ROA) in wide range of diverse structural and conformational studies of biomolecules and other biologically important molecules. Our investigation was focused on several interconnected topics covering the fields of methodology, basic and applied research. The combination of experimental and theoretical approaches facilitated deeper understanding of studied phenomena, and allowed for the effects of solute-solvent interactions. High-quality spectra of model molecules in the C-H stretching region, acquired as a result of successful extension of ROA measurements to the whole region of fundamental molecular vibrations, enabled verification and further development of methods for ROA spectra simulations encompassing anharmonic corrections. Utilizing spirodilactams with highly nonplanar amide groups, we have traced the specific ROA spectral manifestations of amide nonplanarity. In case of antimicrobial peptide lasiocepsine, we have successfully simulated ROA signals of S-S stretching vibrations which contrary to current belief do not seem to reflect sense of the S-S group torsion. In larger molecular systems, we have better understood the process of the formation of stable polyproline II conformation and proved that ROA may...