Dissertationen zum Thema „Optical indices“
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Rao, S. Madhusudana. „Optical Metrology:Techniques For The Measurement Of Optical Parameters“. Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRao, S. Madhusudana. „Optical Metrology:Techniques For The Measurement Of Optical Parameters“. Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/204.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMatsuda, Tatsuhito. „Optical Materials with High Refractive Indices Prepared by Copolymerization of Various Methacrylic Acid Esters“. Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAddis, James. „Optical properties of bent-core nematic liquid crystals“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optical-properties-of-bentcore-nematic-liquid-crystals(de6d40c5-a11f-4ae3-ab61-dbc55671d8b4).html.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGao, Xiang. „Optical-biophysical relationships and validation of MODIS vegetation indices with multiple fine spatial resolution data in semiarid rangelands“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279915.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOlson, Daniel O. „Relationship of Vegetation Indices from Drone-Based Passive Optical Sensors with Corn Grain Yield and Sugar Beet Root Yield and Quality“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29887.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBriard, Paul. „Caractérisation 3D d’un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction“. Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0023/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, I propose a new optical technique for measuring 3D relative positions, sizes and refractive indices of a set of particles, which are illuminated by a plane and pulsed laser beam. In this work, the particles are spherical, transparent, homogeneous and isotropic. When these particles are illuminated, they have the behavior of sources of spherical light waves which interfere. The recording of interference fringes and analysisby Fourier transform can measure the characteristics of the particles. I describe the influence of particle characteristics on spectral representations of the interference fringes created by the pairs of particles illuminated in 2D Fourier space. The interference fringes are simulated numerically using the Lorenz-Mietheory. The inverse problem is approached by showing how it is possible to measure the characteristics of particles with geometrical optics and spatial filtering by Fourier transformation
Charlet, Emilie. „Mouillage et orientation d’un film mince de cristal liquide colonnaire : de la détermination des propriétés optiques aux applications photovoltaïques“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13653/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with columnar liquid crystal studied in the geometry of open supported thin films. Columnar liquid crystals are usually made of disk-shaped molecules derived from aromatic dyes. They are efficient charge transporters with the added capacity to self-assemble in large oriented domains. Consequently, such materials may be used in photovoltaic devices. In order to benefit from their good uniaxial charge mobility, their organization has to be controlled in uniform oriented thin films in the range of thicknesses of typically 100 nm. Homeotropic alignment (columns normal to the interface) is required for solar cells whereas uniaxial planar anchoring (columns parallel to the interface) is needed for applications such as polarizers or organic field effect transistor. Different methods to monitor the alignment in open thin films have been developed in this work, which make possible to achieve either homeotropic anchoring by a specific thermal treatment, or uniaxial planar orientation using a Teflon layer. Based on these orientation skills, a uniform ultra-thin film, free of dewetting and homeotropically oriented, is achieved (down to 50 nm thick) opening the way towards efficient solar cells, and a complete study of the optical properties has been performed (with the determination of the anisotropic complex indices) for different columnar liquid crystals. The dynamics of dewetting and the equilibrium state of a thin supported film have also been investigated. Experimental results show the formation of anisotropic droplets and reveal a nanometric film during dewetting
Amazirh, Abdelhakim. „Monitoring crops water needs at high spatio-temporal resolution by synergy of optical/thermal and radar observations“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOptimizing water management in agriculture is essential over semi-arid areas in order to preserve water resources which are already low and erratic due to human actions and climate change. This thesis aims to use the synergy of multispectral remote sensing observations (radar, optical and thermal data) for high spatio-temporal resolution monitoring of crops water needs. In this context, different approaches using various sensors (Landsat-7/8, Sentinel-1 and MODIS) have been developed to provide information on the crop Soil Moisture (SM) and water stress at a spatio-temporal scale relevant to irrigation management. This work fits well the REC "Root zone soil moisture Estimates at the daily and agricultural parcel scales for Crop irrigation management and water use impact: a multi-sensor remote sensing approach" (http://rec.isardsat.com/) project objectives, which aim to estimate the Root Zone Soil Moisture (RZSM) for optimizing the management of irrigation water. Innovative and promising approaches are set up to estimate evapotranspiration (ET), RZSM, land surface temperature (LST) and vegetation water stress through SM indices derived from multispectral observations with high spatio-temporal resolution. The proposed methodologies rely on image-based methods, radiative transfer modelling and water and energy balance modelling and are applied in a semi-arid climate region (central Morocco). In the frame of my PhD thesis, three axes have been investigated. In the first axis, a Landsat LST-derived RZSM index is used to estimate the ET over wheat parcels and bare soil. The ET modelling estimation is explored using a modified Penman-Monteith equation obtained by introducing a simple empirical relationship between surface resistance (rc) and a RZSM index. The later is estimated from Landsat-derived land surface temperature (LST) combined with the LST endmembers (in wet and dry conditions) simulated by a surface energy balance model driven by meteorological forcing and Landsat-derived fractional vegetation cover. The investigated method is calibrated and validated over two wheat parcels located in the same area near Marrakech City in Morocco. In the next axis, a method to retrieve near surface (0-5 cm) SM at high spatial and temporal resolution is developed from a synergy between radar (Sentinel-1) and thermal (Landsat) data and by using a soil energy balance model. The developed approach is validated over bare soil agricultural fields and gives an accurate estimates of near surface SM with a root mean square difference compared to in situ SM equal to 0.03 m3 m-3. In the final axis a new method is developed to disaggregate the 1 km resolution MODIS LST at 100 m resolution by integrating the near surface SM derived from Sentinel-1 radar data and the optical-vegetation index derived from Landsat observations. The new algorithm including the S-1 backscatter as input to the disaggregation, produces more stable and robust results during the selected year. Where, 3.35 °C and 0.75 were the lowest RMSE and the highest correlation coefficient assessed using the new algorithm
Ferreira, Pena Do Amaral J. A. „Aspects of optimal sequential resource allocation“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370266.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThiebaut, Olivier. „Bicouches orientées de cristaux liquides colonnaires pour applications photovoltaïques“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591978.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEndo, Takashi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. „Real estate investment indices in Japan and their role in optimal international portfolio allocation“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37431.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
It has been said that "home bias" exists among investors due to informational disadvantage involved in cross-border investment. But, real estate has become a major asset class and cross-border real estate investment has been surging. Behind this phenomenon is heightened awareness among investors of the modem portfolio theory and the benefits of diversification. Japan is not an exception. Since late 1990's, a large amount of capital has flowed into Japanese real estate markets. The markets have also experienced significant transformation. However, in the eyes of foreign investors they are far from transparent due to, among other things, lack of reliable investment indices of commercial real estate. Such indices cannot be generated overnight, and lack of such indices can be a critical issue for global real estate investors. This issue is contributing to under-investment in Japan's real estate from overseas. Facing this problem, researchers and industry practitioners launched a number of investment indices for private real estate in recent years, each of which has strong and weak points. Compared to other indices, the ARES J-REIT Property Index seems potentially the most reliable and promising index for Japanese commercial real estate.
(cont.) The purposes of this paper is to analyze and compare various investment indices for Japanese private real estate; to understand distortions i.e. the "lagging" and "smoothing" effects involved in appraisal-based investment indices to see the "true" pictures of private real estate returns; and then to apply such indices to an international portfolio analysis to see the relative position of Japan's private real estate as a global asset class. Simulations are used to understand the mechanism of appraisal-based investment indices. Introductory sections provide some background on globalization of real estate and issues with Japanese real estate markets.
by Takashi Endo.
S.M.
Wajahat, Qazi Hassan. „Development of Sensitivity Based Indices for Optimal Placement of UPFC to Minimize Load Curtailment Requirements“. Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-119252.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYang, Jianji. „Theoretical Studies of Optical Metamaterials“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737379.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAliouat, Mouaad Yassine. „Etude structurale, mécanique et optique des matériaux polymères pour le photovoltaïque étirable“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/201117_ALIOUAT_890hbteq235slkzy966adclc157r_TH.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSolar cells have shown tremendous progress in terms of applications thanks to the use of π-conjugated semi-conducting polymer layers as active materials. This has generated a new family of photovoltaic cells called ‘organic’. Moreover, using stretchable supports opens many new nomadic applications in all fields. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the behavior of the electrical and the optical properties of polymer layers under mechanical load. This work is aiming firstly at improving the quality of polymer layers. Then at studying their structural, optical and mechanical properties. For that purpose, two characterization methods have been used: X-ray diffraction at synchrotron is used to probe the structural properties of polymer layers and to know how polymer chains are oriented, spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to extract their optical indices. The obtained results revealed that the structural properties measured by XRD are in good correlation with the optical properties extracted from the optical measurements. In addition to that, we have developed a novel methodology for in-situ XRD measurements coupled with optical microscopic observations to measure the structural parameters of layers and to probe the mechanical behavior of polymer chains under uniaxial tensile load. It is observed that until a given value of stretching, the polymer chains are in compression stress under tensile strains, and they become more oriented. Beyond this value of stretching, the polymer order declined and the compressive stress was relaxed. This relaxation is explained by the increased number of cracks spreading over the entire film as observed using optical microscopy
Kanjanasakul, Chanisa. „Analysis of the optical properties of droplets of different fluids in high-pressure environments by rainbow optical diagnostic“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR22/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe characterization of the optical properties of fuel drops around the critical pressure is a challenge. The aim of the thesis is to measure the size and the refractive index of fluids under high pressure conditions close to the critical point. For this purpose, an experimental installation of injection of high-pressure drops has been designed. Rainbow refractometry has been developed and adapted to work first on water and ethanol droplets in the pressure range 1 - 40 bar. Evolutions of their index of refraction with the pressure were obtained. For measurements approaching a fluid near the critical point, ethane was selected because its critical point is 48.7 bar and 32.2 ° C. Index refractive measurements on liquid drops of ethane were then carried out in the range 40 - 46 bar and 18 - 25 ° C. A measurement of the refractive index of ethane drops then gives a value of 1.255 ± 0.002
Santos, Juliana Santiago dos. „Automação e monitoramento para o controle do perfil de indice de refração de preformas VAD para fibras opticas“. [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264891.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: No Laboratório Ciclo Integrado do Quartzo (LIQC), FEM, UNICAMP, está em andamento o desenvolvimento do processo VAD ("Vapor-phase Axial Deposition") para a fabricação de preformas para fibras ópticas de alta qualidade. Para isto, os parâmetros do processo de fabricação devem ser cuidadosamente controlados, incluindo o perfil de índice de refração, determinado pelo perfil de dopagem de germânio e responsável pelas características de transmissão de dados pela fibra óptica. Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da variação dos parâmetros de fabricação de preformas VAD principalmente, da geometria da preforma no perfil de dopagem de germânio, que foi obtido através da caracterização de amostras de preformas consolidadas por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios-X. Também foram apresentados uma metodologia e um sistema de automação em LabVIEW para a quantificação do perfil da superfície de deposição da preforma e determinação do perfil de dopagem de germânio em tempo real. Este estudo possibilitou a fabricação de preformas com perfil de dopagem com formato parabólico e triangular. Além disso, a implantação do sistema de automação permitiu determinar o tipo de fibra a ser produzida no início da deposição da preforma como também, reproduzir o perfil de dopagem, que é essencial para a viabilização comercial do processo VAD
Abstract: Fabrication of preforms for special optical fiber using VAD, "Vapor-phase Axial Deposition" tecnique has been in progress at the LIQC, UNlCAMP/FEM. ln this method, the processing parameters must be accurately controlled, particularly the refractive index profile determined by the germanium doping profile, which controls de data transmission characteristics in optical fiber. ln the present research, a study of VAD deposition parameters on the germanium doping profile of nanostructured preform was conducted. The quantitative analysis of germanium concentration was performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. An automation system using LabVIEW was developed for data acquisition and analysis ofthe deposition surface profile of the preform and on-line determination of the germanium doping profile. As a result, the present development allowed the manufacture of various types of doping profile, such as parabolic and triangular shapes. Moreover, the determination of the type of fiber to be producedand its uniformity control during the process, as well as the reproduction of a specific doping profile were made possible using this system. Applications for industrial use becomes strategic
Mestrado
Engenharia de Materiais
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Guenot, Jade. „Traitement des indices visuels de locomotion chez les patients atteints de dégénérescence maculaire“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30260.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in individuals over 50 years old. Incurable, it leads to a loss of central vision, forcing patients to rely on their residual peripheral vision, which has significantly lower resolution, to navigate their visual environment. Within this context, the treatment of visual cues involved in locomotion, known as optical flow, remains poorly understood in this clinical population. Under normal vision conditions, the motion patterns composing optical flow (translational, rotational, and radial) are processed collaboratively by central and peripheral vision (Habak et al., 2002). In the context of AMD, central vision is lost, but the overutilization of peripheral vision could lead to cortical reorganizations that compensate for this loss. Such reorganizations have been observed in animal models in areas involved in motion processing, such as MT/V5 (Shao et al., 2013), and have even been correlated with an improvement in the ability to discriminate motion (Burnat et al., 2017). In patients, the three main behavioral studies characterizing motion perception have presented contradictory results (see Tarita-Nistor et al., 2008; Shanidze and Verghese, 2019, and Eisenbarth et al., 2008). Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis is to understand how optical flow processing evolves in patients with macular degeneration, from both a behavioral and cortical perspective. The first study of this thesis aimed to evaluate the perception of the three components of optical flow in patients with AMD or Stargardt disease (juvenile macular degeneration) using a motion direction discrimination task. We were able to demonstrate that the patients' performances were similar to that of age- and gender-matched controls. Additionally, significant interindividual variability was found among the patients, particularly for the translational pattern. A negative correlation between their performance and the time since diagnosis could indicate a performance decline after disease onset, followed by improvement over time, potentially driven by cortical reorganizations. The second study of this thesis sought to explore optical flow perception more broadly in the context of healthy aging, using a psychophysical task similar to that employed with patients. It revealed that the three motion patterns are differently affected by age: performance is comparable between young and elderly participants for translational motion, better in young individuals for the radial pattern, and conversely better in older individuals for the rotational pattern. These age-related effects underscore heterogeneous age effects on the perception of different motion types and need to be considered when studying clinical populations encompassing individuals of varying ages. During the final part of my thesis, I also contributed to a multicenter project aiming to assess spontaneous cortical reorganizations in patients with macular degeneration, as well as those induced by a perceptual learning protocol. Understanding the neural mechanisms at play in these patients is crucial, as harnessing cortical reorganizations could potentially restore part of their vision through neuroplasticity by developing tailored rehabilitation strategies (Maniglia et al., 2016, 2018), such as a novel therapeutic solution based on perceptual learning, as proposed here
Hubert, Patrice. „Spectres d’extinction de particules minérales et restitution des indices complexes de réfraction dans l’infrarouge et l’UV-visible“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10139/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to their ability to absorb and scatter radiations, aerosols play an important role in the Earth’s radiative budget. However, quantitative estimations of their effects on climate are quite uncertain due to their large spatial and temporal variability in terms of concentration and physical properties. Measurements from remote sensing instruments are efficient tools to observe and investigate aerosol distributions from regional to global scales. Nevertheless, to fully exploit instrument capabilities, precise optical properties – dependent on chemical or mineralogical properties – are needed. These properties are linked by the Complex Refractive Index (CRI), which represents one of the main sources of uncertainty for studying aerosols from remote sensing instruments.The objective of this study is to propose and exploit a new methodology, aiming to determine precise CRI of particles. For this purpose, a new robust and versatile approach has been developed and implemented. Moreover, to determine capabilities of this approach, validation of each step in the procedure for CRI determination has been realized. The complete approach has been also applied for suspended particles of amorphous and crystalline SiO2, which are the major fraction of volcanic and mineral dust aerosols. Lastly, first results from collected samples from measurement campaigns are also presented. These results highlight the potential of the proposed approach to determine CRI, in order to improve the aerosol measurement exploitations by remote sensing instruments
Elder, J. Tait. „Exploring Prehistoric Salmon Subsistence in the Willamette Valley using Zooarchaeological Records and Optimal Foraging Theory“. PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/22.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSt-Onge, Christina. „La vraisemblance de patrons de réponses : étude de la précision des indices d'ajustement des scores individuels, de leurs points critiques et du taux optimal d'aberrance“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24923/24923.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral research on Item Response Theory (IRT)-based Person-Fit Statistics (PFS) is comprised of three studies. This research was divided in such a way so we could study two key concepts: the detection rates and the critical values of PFS. In the first and third study, detection rates were studied. The second study focused on the critical values of a PFS. In the first article, we observed that the PFS were more accurate when they were used with parametric estimated ICCs (ML2P and ML3P), and this was independent of the sample size. It seems necessary to verify the model-data fit before carrying out appropriateness assessment with IRT-based PFS. Following the development of a table of critical values, in the second article, the degrees of confidence were calculated for each interval and these results lead us to believe that the critical values were precise. These critical values were tested and it was observed that the type I error rates were conservative but the detection rates observed for .05 and .10 type I error levels were slightly inferior to the detection rates found in the literature. In the third article, we investigated the optimal aberrance phenomenon, i.e., we observed an increase in the detection rate of PFS with an increase in the aberrance rate until a peak was reached and then an increase in the aberrance rate lead to a decrease in the detection rates of PFS. These last results help us to explain a phenomenon that was never previously studied.
St-Onge, Christina, und Christina St-Onge. „La vraisemblance de patrons de réponses : étude de la précision des indices d'ajustement des scores individuels, de leurs points critiques et du taux optimal d'aberrance“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19733.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCette étude doctorale porte sur les indices d’ajustement des scores individuels dérivés de la Théorie des réponses aux items (TRI). Les deux concepts retenus dans le cadre de cette recherche sont les taux de détection et les points critiques. Le premier et le troisième article traitent des taux de détection tandis que le deuxième article traite des points critiques. Le premier article étudie la relation entre la puissance des indices et l’ajustement des modèles logistiques à 2 et à 3 paramètres de la TRI aux données. Les résultats suggèrent que pour que les indices soient puissants, un modèle qui correspond à la distribution des données doit être préféré à un modèle qui épouse les données. Dans le deuxième article, nous avons élaboré des points critiques pour la statistiques lz qui peuvent être utilisés dans des contextes semblables à ceux étudiés dans le cadre du premier article. Les résultats obtenus, dans le deuxième article, démontrent qu’il est possible de créer une table des points critiques. Les intervalles de confiance calculés pour chaque point critique indiquent que ces derniers sont précis. Lors de la mise à l’essai de ces points critiques, il a été observé que les taux d’erreur de type I sont conservateurs. Ceci est plus prononcé pour l’erreur de type I de 0,01. Quant aux taux de détection pour les niveaux d’erreur de type I de 0,05 et 0,10, ils sont légèrement inférieurs à ceux recensés dans la documentation. Dans le troisième article, il est question de la relation entre les taux de détection des indices d’ajustement des scores individuels et le taux d’aberrance des patrons de réponses. Les résultats de ce troisième article suggèrent l’existence du phénomène du taux d’aberrance optimal. Il y a une augmentation du taux de détection des indices d’ajustement des scores individuels avec l’augmentation du taux d’aberrance jusqu’à l’atteinte d’un sommet. Par la suite, une augmentation du taux d’aberrance entraîne une diminution du taux de détection. Ces derniers résultats nous permettre d’expliquer un phénomène qui n’avait jamais été formellement étudié auparavant.
This doctoral research on Item Response Theory (IRT)-based Person-Fit Statistics (PFS) is comprised of three studies. This research was divided in such a way so we could study two key concepts: the detection rates and the critical values of PFS. In the first and third study, detection rates were studied. The second study focused on the critical values of a PFS. In the first article, we observed that the PFS were more accurate when they were used with parametric estimated ICCs (ML2P and ML3P), and this was independent of the sample size. It seems necessary to verify the model-data fit before carrying out appropriateness assessment with IRT-based PFS. Following the development of a table of critical values, in the second article, the degrees of confidence were calculated for each interval and these results lead us to believe that the critical values were precise. These critical values were tested and it was observed that the type I error rates were conservative but the detection rates observed for .05 and .10 type I error levels were slightly inferior to the detection rates found in the literature. In the third article, we investigated the optimal aberrance phenomenon, i.e., we observed an increase in the detection rate of PFS with an increase in the aberrance rate until a peak was reached and then an increase in the aberrance rate lead to a decrease in the detection rates of PFS. These last results help us to explain a phenomenon that was never previously studied.
This doctoral research on Item Response Theory (IRT)-based Person-Fit Statistics (PFS) is comprised of three studies. This research was divided in such a way so we could study two key concepts: the detection rates and the critical values of PFS. In the first and third study, detection rates were studied. The second study focused on the critical values of a PFS. In the first article, we observed that the PFS were more accurate when they were used with parametric estimated ICCs (ML2P and ML3P), and this was independent of the sample size. It seems necessary to verify the model-data fit before carrying out appropriateness assessment with IRT-based PFS. Following the development of a table of critical values, in the second article, the degrees of confidence were calculated for each interval and these results lead us to believe that the critical values were precise. These critical values were tested and it was observed that the type I error rates were conservative but the detection rates observed for .05 and .10 type I error levels were slightly inferior to the detection rates found in the literature. In the third article, we investigated the optimal aberrance phenomenon, i.e., we observed an increase in the detection rate of PFS with an increase in the aberrance rate until a peak was reached and then an increase in the aberrance rate lead to a decrease in the detection rates of PFS. These last results help us to explain a phenomenon that was never previously studied.
Wang, Shuo. „Retrieval of Aerosol Chemical Composition based on aerosol optical properties“. Thesis, Littoral, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03178823.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAerosol chemical composition is an essential factor to better understand aerosol interactions with climate change, atmospheric environment and human health. Aerosol optical property is closely associated to chemical composition. Nowadays, vertical and global aerosol optical properties are measured. Development of aerosol chemical composition retrieval algorithm based on optical properties is essential to derive aerosol chemical composition with high spatial and temporal resolution. This thesis aims to test and improve the present methods for aerosol chemical composition classification and retrieval. (1) Ǻngström Exponent (AE) methods : these methods are based on Scattering (SAE) ans Absorption (AAE) AE to derive absorption coefficients by different aerosols or distinguish aerosol types, but many studies used different SAE and AAE values or thresholds. To understand these discrepancies, SAE and AAE dependencies to particle size, relative coating thickness and wavelength pairs were studied for different absorbing aerosols. The results reveal that SAE and AAE depend on wavelength pairs used for calculations and are also greatly influenced by aerosol size, thus knowledge of aerosol size information could reduce the uncertainty of calculating absorption coefficients by different aerosols using AAE. As aerosol particles could exist within the same size bin, SAE and AAE cannot be used to distinguish different compositions effectively by setting thresholds.(2)k-based methods : these methods aim to retrieve the mass concentrations of different aerosol compounds based on the imaginary part of Complex Refractive Index (CRI, m=n + k i). For the application and examination of the k-based methods, columnar aerosol chemical compositions were retrieved based on CRI and spectral variation of Single Scattering Albedo (dSSA) using long-term AERONET measurements. Dependence of retrieved columnar aerosol chemical compositions on regional transported was investigated in different seasons. This result is comparable to seasonal aerosol emission distribution and transport process. But the reliable aerosol chemical composition at the same level is still needed to verify algorithm. (3) k-p method : to tackle the difficulty to distinguish Organic Carbon (OC), from Mineral Dust (MD), a new method based on CRI imaginary part (k) and aerosol density (p) was developed. This algorithm was used to obtain the real-time aerosol chemical composition varation during an observation campaign in Shouxian. The retrieved aerosol chemical compositions were consistent with in-situ measurements.The weaker agreement (R²=0.43) of MD compared to the other species is due to the larger uncertainties from retrievals and measurements
Amaral, Sergio Ferreira do 1954. „Estudo da relação entre o indice de refração com o numero de Abbe e a composição quimica do vidro optico“. [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260457.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, foi analisado a relação entre o índice de refração com o número de Abbe e a composição química do vidro óptico, visando desenvolver um sistema aplicativo para a fabricação de componentes ópticos utilizados na instrumentação científica. Como resultado desta análise, foi estabelecido um modelo matemático, que expressa esta relação e que serviu como base para o desenvolvimento de um software em linguagem BASIC, compatível com microcomputador PC com configuração mínima 640 Mbytes de memória RAM e disco rígido de 80 MB. A abrangência do programa de simulação desenvolvido, vai do índice de refração de 1,3000 à 2,2000 e do número de Abbe de 15 à 105 e com composições químicas variando de no mínimo 4 elementos até 10 elementos na sua formulação
Abstract: In this work, the relationship between the refraction coeficient with the Abbe number and the chemical composition of the optical glass was analysed, aiming at development of a system to the manufacturing of optical components for cientific instrumention applications. As a result of this analysis, it was established a mathematical model showing this relationship. A BASIC language PC compatible software with a minimun configuration of 640 Kbyte memory RAM and a 80 MB hard disc was developed based on the analysis mentioned above. The coeficients of the simulation program ranges from a refraction coeficient os 1.3000 up to 2.2000, the Abbe number from 15 up to 105 with the chemical composition ranging from a minimum of 4 up to 10 elements in its formulation
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
Jiang, Jingyi. „Retrieving leaf and canopy characteristics from their radiative properties using physically based models : from laboratory to satellite observations Estimation of leaf traits from reflectance measurements: comparison between methods based on vegetation indices and several versions of the PROSPECT model a model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces Speeding up 3D radiative transfer simulations: a physically based approximation of canopy reflectance dependency on wavelength, leaf biochemical composition and soil reflectance Effective GAI for crops is best estimated from reflectance observations as compared to GAI and LAI Optimal learning for GAI and chlorophyll estimation from 1D and 3D radiative transfer model inversion: the case of wheat and maize crops observed by Sentinel2“. Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0708.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeasuring leaf and canopy characteristics from remote sensing acquisitions is an effective and non destructive way to monitor crops both for decision making within the smart agriculture practices or for phenotyping under field conditions to improve the selection efficiency. With the advancement of computer computing power and the increasing availability of high spatial resolution images, retrieval methods can now benefit from more accurate simulations of the Radiative Transfer (RT) models within the vegetation. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate efficient ways to retrieve leaf and canopy characteristics from close and remote sensing observations by using RT models based on a realistic description of the leaf and canopy structures. At the leaf level, we first evaluated the ability of the different versions of the PROSPECT model to estimate biochemical variables like chlorophyll (Cab), water and dry matter content. We then proposed the FASPECT model to describe the optical properties differences between the upper and lower leaf faces by considering a four-layer system. After calibrating the specific absorption coefficients of the main absorbing material, we validated FASPECT against eight measured ground datasets. We showed that FASPECT simulates accurately the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the two faces and overperforms PROSPECT for the upper face measurements. Moreover, in the inverse mode, the dry matter content estimation is significantly improved with FASPECT as compared to PROSPECT. At the canopy level, we used the physically based and unbiased rendering engine, LuxCoreRender to compute the radiative transfer from a realistic 3D description of the crop structure. We checked its good performances by comparison with the state of the art 3D RT models using the RAMI online model checker. Then, we designed a speed-up method to simulate canopy reflectance from a limited number of soil and leaf optical properties. Based on crop specific databases simulated from LuxCoreRender for wheat and maize and crop generic databases simulated from a 1D RT model, we trained some machine learning inversion algorithms to retrieve canopy state variables like Green Area Index GAI, Cab and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC). Results on both simulations and in situ data combined with SENTINEL2 images showed that crop specific algorithms outperform the generic one for the three variables, especially when the canopy structure breaks the 1D turbid medium assumption such as in maize where rows are dominant during a significant part of the growing season
Laferriere, Joseph Edward. „Optimal use of ethnobotanical resources by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomes, Leonardo Alonso. „Metodo baseado em logica nebulosa para alocação de geradores distribuidos sob a optica do perfil de tensão“. [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258798.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Nesta dissertação é proposta uma metodologia baseada em lógica nebulosa para a obtenção de um índice que classifica as barras mais propícias para a instalação de geradores distribuídos em uma rede de distribuição de energia elétrica. A metodologia foi desenvolvida levando em consideração a dificuldade em se manter um perfil de tensão adequado e, dessa forma, tende a contemplar com os maiores valores de índices, as barras nas quais a conexão de geradores tende a melhorar o perfil de tensão da rede. Outro aspecto considerado no desenvolvimento da metodologia foi o de minimizar as perdas de potência ativa na rede elétrica. De forma geral, a obtenção do índice consiste em associar graus de pertinências para as variáveis magnitude da tensão e potência ativa da carga em cada uma das barras e, a partir de regras nebulosas, definir um valor numérico para o índice. Uma das vantagens dessa metodologia é que tais variáveis podem ser classificadas em conjuntos nebulosos, os quais traduzem lingüisticamente os conhecimentos humanos e, assim, pode-se mais facilmente utilizar a experiência humana adquirida na operação de uma rede de distribuição para a definição das regras nebulosas para a obtenção dos índices a serem empregados na alocação dos geradores. E ao ser comparada a técnicas tradicionais de análise, tem-se uma significativa vantagem que consiste em não necessitar de execuções consecutivas de fluxos de potência, sendo necessário apenas a obtenção do estado de operação da rede através de um único fluxo de potência no caso base.
Abstract: This work consists in proposing a methodology based on Fuzzy Logic to obtain an index, which classifies the buses more suitable to install a distributed generator in an electric power distribution system. Themethodologywas developed taking into consideration the difficulty tomaintain a suitable voltage profile in distribution systems, so the methodology results in large, index values for the buses in which the installation of generators results in a more suitable voltage profile. Another aspect included in the methodology is the minimization of the real power losses. Applying a set of fuzzy rules, the index is calculated by setting membership values to the bus 'voltage' and 'load real power'. The advantages of this methodology are that the classification of the variables into fuzzy sets, which allow the linguistic translation of the system operator knowledge and so his experience of operating the system can be employed in the process of allocating distributed generators in the system and when compared to traditional techniques of analysis, does not need of consecutive runs of power flows, it is necessary only to obtain the state operating of the network through only one power flow in base case.
Mestrado
Energia Eletrica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
Allen, Thomas. „Impacts des variations de prix sur la qualité nutritionnelle du panier alimentaire des ménages français“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at simulating optimal prices satisfying public health recommendations in terms of nutrient adequacy. This implies to estimate a complete food demand system in order to compute price elasticities. Food consumption behaviors are described by an AI functional form (Deaton and Muellbauer, 1980). The demand system is estimated using the Iterated Least Square Estimator developed by Blundell and Robin (1999). Augmented specifications to control for, respectively, non-linearities in expenditure patterns and habit persistence are tested. We use French household expenditure data drawn from TNS Worldpanel covering 156 periods of 4 weeks from 1996 to 2007. Given the nature of our data, households are split into 8 cohorts. Issues afferent to pseudo-panel data are presented. Nutrient adequacy is defined using three nutrient only-based indicators: the MAR (Mean Adequacy Ratio), the LIM (Score des Composés à Limiter) and the SAIN (Score d'Adéquation Individuel aux recommandations Nutritionnelles). Optimal prices are derived following Ramsey's approach to optimal taxation; Maximizing social welfare under nutritional constraints results in optimal price variations or tax rates, each defined as a function of all direct and cross price elasticities and the above mentioned indicator for all food groups. Further developments allow to estimate the impacts of price variations on nutrient adequacy. Incidence on social welfare and nutritional inequalities is assessed in a last chapter
Bonneu, Florent. „Processus ponctuels spatiaux pour l'analyse du positionnement optimal et de la concentration“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465270.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMovva, Gopichand. „Optimal Sensor Placement for Structural Health Monitoring“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700010/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIazzolino, Antonio. „Engineering three-dimensional extended arrays of densely packed nano particles for optical metamaterials using microfluidIque evaporation“. Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbdolshah, Saeed. „Trajectory planning and control of cable-driven parallel robots“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424384.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleL’obiettivo di questo progetto è di investigare la pianificazione di traiettoria ed il controllo di robot paralleli a cavi al fine di migliorare le prestazioni del sistema. Rigidezza e destrezza sono indici di prestazione ampiamente utilizzati del progetto e controllo di sistemi robotici. Allo stato dell’arte, non esistono lavori relativi a sistemi a cavi adattativi riguardanti il controllo della posizione delle pulegge per ottenere indici di rigidezza e destrezza ottimali. Considerando un moto quasi-statico dell’organo terminale e trascurando la rigidezza attiva del sistema, è stato possibile proporre strategie di pianificazione di moto delle pulegge che massimizzino gli indici di destrezza e rigidezza elastica. E’ stato possibile massimizzare simultaneamente tali indici per alcuni casi di robot a cavi adattativi sfruttando la ridondanza dei sistemi analizzati. Per il progetto di robot a cavi paralleli non adattativi, è impossibile cambiare gli indici di destrezza e di rigidezza elastica per una certa posizione dell’organo terminale a causa dell’orientazione e della lunghezza dei cavi fissata; comunque, la rigidezza attiva può essere modificata cambiando la tensione dei cavi. L’incremento della tensione dei cavi può essere desiderabile a causa dell’aumento di rigidezza, del miglioramento delle prestazioni di inseguimento di traiettoria, più precisamente movimento e risposta ai disturbi; tuttavia, può aumentare il consumo energetico e portare a saturazione gli attuatori. Tipicamente i metodi di distribuzione delle tensioni operano mantenendo costante il valore di tensione minimo da applicare ai cavi. Tali valori sono scelti attraverso esperimenti per raggiungere le prestazioni di inseguimento della traiettoria desiderata, considerando anche le capacità degli attuatori. Per migliorare le prestazioni del sistema, viene proposto un metodo dinamico di controllo delle tensioni minime (DMTC). In questo approccio è possibile variare la tensione minima in tempo reale sulla base della rigidezza, della dinamica del sistema e del valore dell’errore ottenuto come feedback. Attraverso un semplice apparato sperimentale, è stato possibile confrontare il metodo tradizionale di distribuzione delle tensioni basato sulla tensione minima fissa ed il metodo proposto. I risultati sperimentali hanno mostrato che il metodo Dinamico di Controllo delle Tensioni Minime risulta più efficiente rispetto all'approccio tradizionale in termini di accuratezza e consumo energetico. Inoltre, un appropriato algoritmo di controllo può migliorare le prestazioni del sistema. Il controllo ottimo lineare quadratico riveste un ruolo fondamentale nel controllo di un robot a cavi parallelo fornendo tutti gli stati del sistema per la retroazione, incluse velocità e posizione, in aggiunta ai risultati ottimali. Un controllo ottimo lineare quadratico è stato progettato e testato. I risultati significativi sono quindi stati presentati e discussi.
Deguine, Alexandre. „Propriétés optiques et chimiques des cendres volcaniques : mesures de laboratoire et applications à la télédétection spatiale“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring a volcanic eruption, a huge amount of aerosols are emitted into the. By absorbing and scattering solar radiation, volcanic ashes influence strongly the Earth radiative budget. These particles may also affect human health and may perturb or interrupt air traffic. Aerosols can be detected by remote sensing using for example spectrometers embarked on satellites. These instruments record the extinction signal of an atmospheric column mixing gas and aerosols contributions. From these observations, the main objective is to estimate the chemical composition, the size and the concentration of particles. With the aim of estimating these parameters, the key is to determine the complex refractive index m. However, the complex refractive index is badly known and stay one of the main source of uncertainty. For this purpose, a new methodology has been applied in order to measure the extinction spectra of various sampling aerosols. Mechanical system is used to generate a cloud of volcanic. Then aerosols are directed through two spectrometers and a particle sizer recording respectively the extinction spectra from UV-visible to Infrared and the size distribution. A combination of experimental data and an iterative process is used in order to retrieve the optical constants n and k leading to the complex refractive index m. This methodology has been applied for six volcanic ashes samples collected from Chile, Iceland and Italy. Moreover, a chemical analysis has been performed for each sample using X-ray fluorescence in order to determine the link between chemical and optical properties. Results obtained through the methodology are used for the inversion of study cases from IASI
Binding, Jonas. „Measurement and correction of aberrations in light and electron microscopy“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827686.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrotta, Frédéric. „Détermination des constantes optiques de glaces dans l'infrarouge moyen et lointain : application aux grains du milieu interstellaire et des enveloppes circumstellaires“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerreira, Vinícius Castro. „Espectroscopia ótica não linear em anel antirressonante“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn introduction to nonlinear optics will be addressed in this work, presenting results of optical characterization to many different materials as well as results from a new characterization technique. Basic aspects to nonlinear index refraction measurement will be presented through Z-scan, which is a well-established method. This technique is not efficient for thin films or samples presenting low nonlinearity. Using a interferometric setup is possible to produce an increase in sensibility, attenuanting local oscillator without degrading the generated nonlinear signal, what establishes a better signal-noise relation.
Duran, Santiago. „Resource allocation with observable and unobservable environments“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies resource allocation problems in large-scale stochastic networks. We work on problems where the availability of resources is subject to time fluctuations, a situation that one may encounter, for example, in load balancing systems or in wireless downlink scheduling systems. The time fluctuations are modelled considering two types of processes, controllable processes, whose evolution depends on the action of the decision maker, and environment processes, whose evolution is exogenous. The stochastic evolution of the controllable process depends on the the current state of the environment. Depending on whether the decision maker observes the state of the environment, we say that the environment is observable or unobservable. The mathematical formulation used is the Markov Decision Processes (MDPs).The thesis follows three main research axes. In the first problem we study the optimal control of a Multi-armed restless bandit problem (MARBP) with an unobservable environment. The objective is to characterise the optimal policy for the controllable process in spite of the fact that the environment cannot be observed. We consider the large-scale asymptotic regime in which the number of bandits and the speed of the environment both tend to infinity. In our main result we establish that a set of priority policies is asymptotically optimal. We show that, in particular, this set includes Whittle index policy of a system whose parameters are averaged over the stationary behaviour of the environment. In the second problem, we consider an MARBP with an observable environment. The objective is to leverage information on the environment to derive an optimal policy for the controllable process. Assuming that the technical condition of indexability holds, we develop an algorithm to compute Whittle's index. We then apply this result to the particular case of a queue with abandonments. We prove indexability, and we provide closed-form expressions of Whittle's index. In the third problem we consider a model of a large-scale storage system, where there are files distributed across a set of nodes. Each node breaks down following a law that depends on the load it handles. Whenever a node breaks down, all the files it had are reallocated to other nodes. We study the evolution of the load of a single node in the mean-field regime, when the number of nodes and files grow large. We prove the existence of the process in the mean-field regime. We further show the convergence in distribution of the load in steady state as the average number of files per node tends to infinity
Hammerbauer, Jiří. „Hodnocení úspěšnosti metod a koeficientů využívaných ve shlukové analýze“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193440.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSawwan, Charbel, und Nathan Lercier. „International Diversification for Swedish investors : A comparative study of different national and international scale portfolios“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160407.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLérondel, Gilles. „Propagation de la lumière dans le silicium poreux : application à la photonique“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMANAR, ABDELKRIM. „Dynamique des proprietes optiques nonlineaires du chlorure de cuivre au voisinage des resonances electroniques“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOuattara, Mariam. „Caractérisation expérimentale de la granulométrie des gouttes et de l'aire interfaciale dans les systèmes d'extraction liquide-liquide par la réfractométrie arc-en-ciel“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0544/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis deals with the experimental study of liquid-liquid extraction within a laboratory column reproducing in a simple way the apparatuses used in a nuclear fuel reprocessing process (PUREX). A non-intrusive optical technique, called rainbow refractometry or diffractometry, has been specifically developed to characterize the size (and hence the interfacial area) and the composition of the dispersed phase. The latter is first time composed of millimeter droplets of alkanes mixtures free rising in a column filled with water at rest. Specificities of the rainbow produced by these droplets with a low relative refractive index were studied using different asymptotic light scattering models and the Lorenz-Mie electromagnetic theory. Thanks to the development of different direct and reverse (parametric) approaches, it was demonstrated both numerically and experimentally that this optical technique allows estimating individually (or collectively) the diameter (in average) and the mixing fraction of a few tens of thousands of droplets with a few percent of accuracy. Preliminary works have been carried out on the time-resolved extraction of acetone from an aqueous continuous medium to a sessile droplet initially composed of pure toluene. They have revealed that the transfer (diffusion and molecular splitting) constants can be estimated from the analysis of the temporal evolution of the rainbow signals using an inverse method that integrates a molecular diffusion model with a radial symmetry and an electromagnetic light scattering model
Sebem, Renan. „Customização de sensibilidade de sensores a redes de período longo em fibras ópticas monomodo padrão e aplicações“. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work explores the potential and shows the implementation of the long period gratings as refractive index sensors. It is proposed a sensor design where the refractive index sensitivity is improved. The design includes the use of the sensor with simple and low cost interrogation. Several manufacturing parameters are investigated and the process is enhanced to meet the design specifications, and also to obtain repeatability in the process. New ideas were proposed to manufacture tilted gratings and to control the index modulation duty cycle in a practical way with inexpensive equipment. The inscription of the fiber sensor is made by CO2 laser, point to point, with a uniform index modulation. The gratings were interrogated by an optical spectrum analyzer and also by edge filter demodulation in the 1550 nm region through an electronic board, developed in this work with automatic normalization of the signal. Results show that the refractive index sensitivity is influenced by several design and manufacturing parameters of the fiber grating. Performed experiments show a considerable increase in the refractive index sensitivity of the grating.
Este trabalho explora o potencial e demonstra a implementação das redes de período longo em fibra como sensores de índice de refração. É proposto um projeto do sensor em que a sensibilidade ao índice de refração é aperfeiçoada. O projeto contempla a utilização do sensor com interrogação de maneira simples e de baixo custo. Diversos parâmetros de fabricação são investigados e o processo é aprimorado para atingir as especificações de projeto, e também a fim da obtenção de repetibilidade no processo. Novas ideias foram propostas para fabricação de redes inclinadas e para o controle do duty cycle da modulação de índice da rede de maneira prática com equipamentos de baixo custo. A fabricação do sensor em fibra é feita através de laser de CO2, ponto a ponto, e com modulação de índice uniforme. As redes foram interrogadas através de analisador de espectro óptico e também por demodulação de borda de filtro na região de 1550 nm através de uma placa eletrônica, desenvolvida neste trabalho com normalização automática do sinal. Resultados mostram que a sensibilidade ao índice de refração é influenciada por alguns parâmetros de projeto e fabricação da rede em fibra. Experimentos realizados mostraram um aumento considerável na sensibilidade da rede ao índice de refração.
Imran, Hafiz Ali. „Remote Sensing Tools for Monitoring Grassland Plant Leaf Traits and Biodiversity“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/329592.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWood, Thomas. „Application des techniques d’optique guidée à la détection de gaz“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4321/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a world suffering from increasing air pollution due to spiraling industrial activity, the detection of toxic gasses in the atmosphere is of paramount importance. The gas detector market is already well developed, and features a wide variety of detection technologies and techniques, each presenting its own set of intrinsic advantages and drawbacks. In this thesis, a combination of two or more technologies typically used independently has been studied in order to improve the global performances of gas detection systems. To this length, we have conceived and studied detector architectures based upon optical transduction systems, coupled with a material presenting a specific sensitivity to the target gas. More precisely, we have for the first time integrated a catalyst designed to accelerate the oxidation rate of chemical species (such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen) with an optical component capable of absorbing the heat generated by the oxidation reaction. The associated increase in temperature is translated to a variation of the optical intensity comprising the exit signal of the detector. The work carried out measuring the chromatic and temperature dispersion of the refractive index of the materials comprising the optical transduction component by guided mode techniques, ellipsometry and photometric techniques is presented. The optical probing of the electrical properties of semiconductor materials has also been studied, including the variations of these properties following interactions with oxidizing, reducing, or combustible gasses
Ahmed, Anwar. „COST AND ACCURACY COMPARISONS IN MEDICAL TESTING USING SEQUENTIAL TESTING STRATEGIES“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBouzid, Abdenbi. „Etude d'optimisation de l'efficacite de diffraction par des materiaux transparents : application a la realisation d'hologramme de phase avec differentes gammes de frequences spatiales“. Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmri, Rim. „Estimation régionale de l'évapotranspiration sur la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie) à partir de données satellites multi-capteurs“. Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2308/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the functioning of a semi-arid ecosystem by developing methodologies from combined optical and microwave satellite measurements in order to assess evapotranspiration and its seasonal dynamics in a semi-arid region (Kairouan plain). The retrieving of the latter requires a good description of the vegetation dynamics and monitoring the water content in the soil. For this purpose, an analysis of vegetation dynamics is made on the basis of the SPOT VEGETATION time series from 1998 to 2010. To understand the vegetation behavior along frequent periods of drought, fractal analysis is an appropriate tool to study the vegetation persistence. A new statistical index referred to VAI "Anomaly Vegetation Index" describing the state of vegetation water stress is proposed. This quantitative index can be used to describe at a monthly scale the state of vegetation. Several validation approaches are implemented to test the performance of this index that confirms its reliability. In terms of monitoring the soil water content, moisture products derived from ERS and ASCAT / Metop scatterometer are availables. These products are validated in our study using two different approaches. A statistical drought monitoring index is proposed from a long time series of moisture products that covers twenty years (from 1991 to 2010). The index proposed referred to MAI "Moisture Anomaly Index" is based on anomaly analysis of temporal variability of soil water content, estimated from ERS and ASCAT / Metop scatterometers. A comparative analysis with other drought indices, particularly SPI "Standardized Precipitation Index" is made and shows the performance of our index. This information derived from the two time series optical and microwave are then integrated into a simple and operational model FAO-56 (dual crop coefficient approach) for mapping at a daily scale the evapotranspiration at 1km resolution. A validation of this approach is generated by comparing the results with the outputs of a SVAT model: ISBA-A-gs
GARRIGUES, Sebastien. „Hétérogénéité spatiale des surfaces terrestres en télédétection : caractérisation et influence sur l'estimation des variables biophysiques“. Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de renneS, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010425.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGiraudet, Cédric Michel Marius. „Contributions à l’étude de la thermo diffusion de mélanges binaires en conditions de réservoirs“. Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThermodiffusion, also called the Soret effect, describes the coupling between temperature gradient and resulting fluxes. This phenomenon is involved in a number of natural and industrial processes. In particular, multi components fluids in petroleum reservoirs are subjected to this phenomenon because of the geo-thermal gradient. Nevertheless, in spite of a lot of advances, there are few available data of this phenomenon and the establishment of a theoretical model, able to give a quantitative estimation of these transport coefficients whatever molecules in presence, is still an open question. The principal aim of this thesis is to develop an experimental approach allowing providing reference data on thermodiffusion as a function of the pressure. During this thesis, we developed a high pressure thermodiffusion cell in free medium, enabling us to study concentration non-equilibrium fluctuations induced by the Soret effect by means of shadowgraph optical technique. With this setup we investigated two binary mixtures representatives of petroleum fluids; namely the equimassic tetralin/dodecane mixture in liquid phase and the carbon dioxide/methane mixture in gaseous and super critical state. Furthermore, molecular dynamic simulations on the second mixture were performed. Using a dynamic image analysis, we have measured molecular diffusion and Soret coefficient for the tetralin/dodecane mixture. Within experimental uncertainties, we observed a linear decrease of these coefficients with the pressure. Furthermore, we were able to observe the effect of confinement (finite size effect induced by cell vertical boundary conditions) on fluctuation dynamics, in good agreement with calculations and simulations based on hydrodynamic fluctuation theory on similar solutal Rayleigh number. Concerning the carbon dioxide/methane mixture, the dynamic analysis revealed a kinetic too fast for our experimental apparatus. Conversely, static analysis revealed a rapid increase of the non-equilibrium fluctuation magnitude as a function of the pressure up to a threshold beyond which it decreases. On this mixture, performed molecular dynamic simulations provided results in good agreement with expected theoretical behaviour