Thematische Bibliographien / Open offices

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Open offices“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. März 2025

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Open offices"

Göçer, Özgür, Christhina Candido, Leena Thomas und Kenan Göçer. „Differences in Occupants’ Satisfaction and Perceived Productivity in High- and Low-Performance Offices“. Buildings 9, Nr. 9 (30.08.2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9090199.

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This paper reports the results from a dataset comprising 9794 post-occupancy evaluation (POE) surveys from 77 Australian open-plan offices. This paper specifically focuses on a sub-set of 20 offices (n = 2133), identified from ranking 10 offices each, with the least (n = 1063) and highest (n = 1070) satisfaction scores, respectively. The satisfaction scores were evaluated on the basis of seven factors (i.e., building/office aesthetics and quality, thermal comfort and indoor air quality, noise distraction and privacy, personal control, connection to outdoor environment, maintenance and visual comfort, and individual space). Using the POE survey data from 20 offices, regression analyses and two-way ANOVA tests were carried out to understand the differences in occupants’ satisfaction and perceived productivity arising from open-plan offices. According to the statistically significant regression analyses results, it was identified that building/office aesthetics and quality (β = 0.55, p < 0.001) and noise distraction and privacy (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) were the two strongest predictors contributing perceived productivity in low-performance offices. Two-way ANOVA test results for the 10 high-performance offices indicate that the perceived productivity was strongly associated with the office’s physical configuration, the employees’ working experience, and the working hours at that office.

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Di Blasio, Sonja, Louena Shtrepi, Giuseppina Puglisi und Arianna Astolfi. „A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Impact of Irrelevant Speech Noise on Annoyance, Mental Health and Well-being, Performance and Occupants’ Behavior in Shared and Open-Plan Offices“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 2 (19.01.2019): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020280.

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This cross-sectional survey has compared subjective outcomes obtained from workers in shared (2–5 occupants) and open-plan (+5 occupants) offices, related to irrelevant speech, which is the noise that is generated from conversations between colleagues, telephone calls and laughter. Answers from 1078 subjects (55% in shared offices and 45% in open-plan offices) have shown that irrelevant speech increases noise annoyance, decreases work performance, and increases symptoms related to mental health and well-being more in open-plan than in shared offices. Workers often use headphones with music to contrast irrelevant speech in open-plan offices, while they take a break, change their working space, close the door or work from home in shared offices. Being female, when there are more than 20 occupants, and working in southern cities without acoustic treatments in the office, make it more likely for the occupants to be annoyed by irrelevant speech noise in open-plan offices. While, working in southern cities and with acoustic treatments in the office makes it more likely that noise annoyance will be reported in shared offices. Finally, more than 70% of the interviewed in open-plan offices were willing to reduce their voice volumes when advised by a noise monitoring system with a lighting feedback.

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Óladóttir, Ásta Dís, und Fjóla Kim Björnsdóttir. „Hefur hið opinbera mótað stefnu varðandi opin vinnurými? Upplifun opinberra starfsmanna“. Veftímaritið Stjórnmál og stjórnsýsla 14, Nr. 3 (13.12.2018): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2018.14.3.4.

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This article discusses the implementation of open-plan offices among public sector employees. The so called open-plan offices are debated, although it seems to be a popular way of designing office spaces. An open-plan office refers to two or more office desks for individuals which are layed out in one open space. The main objective of this article is to review how public sector employees experienced the transition to open-plan offices and how the implementation proceeded. This article will also review whether the government has a formal policy regarding the extensive change to place employees in open-plan offices. Few domestic studies have been conducted on employees’ experience of moving into open plan offices and this is the first study of public sector employees’ attitudes towards such changes. In this study two public organizations and two ministries which all had recently implemented open-plan offices were selected. A survey was sent to 182 employees at these organizations and ministries. 90 employees participated, answering questions about how the implement of change was delivered, leaving the response rate at almost 50%. Government officials were interviewed to find out whether a policy was formulated for the implementation of open-plan workspaces. The main conclusion is that half of the participants like being in an open-plan office, but the majority prefers to be in a closed office. Despite that, most participants feel there is less privacy to do their work, noise has increased, and concentration has diminished. One third of participants feels that productivity has reduced. Furthermore, no policy has been formulated by the government regarding the implement of open-plan workspaces.

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Good, Kenneth W. „Case study: Open plan “closed” offices or closed plan “open” offices“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2017): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5014621.

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Bodin Danielsson, Christina, und Töres Theorell. „Office Design’s Impact on Psychosocial Work Environment and Emotional Health“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, Nr. 4 (03.04.2024): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040438.

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This study explores the association between office design and (a) the psychosocial work environment and (b) the emotional health among 4352 employees in seven different office designs. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with adjustments for age and educational level for men and women separately. Results show that psychosocial factors and emotional exhaustion differ between both office designs and between genders, with best outcomes in cell offices, except for psychological demands that are rated the most favourable in shared-room offices. Cell offices and small open-plan offices show a strong beneficial association with emotional exhaustion in women. Among men, hot-desking is most problematic regarding psychosocial work environment and emotional exhaustion. Women rate the psychosocial environment low in combi-office and report emotional exhaustion in small open offices.

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Hewitt, Carl. „Offices are open systems“. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 4, Nr. 3 (Juli 1986): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/214427.214432.

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Riehle, Dirk. „Open Source Program Offices“. Computer 57, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2024): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2024.3422730.

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Yıldırım, Kemal, Elif Güneş und Gülcan Pervan Yilmaz. „The effects of workstation partition heights on employees’ perceptions in open-plan ofﬁces“. Journal of Corporate Real Estate 21, Nr. 2 (13.05.2019): 148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-03-2018-0010.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of environmental factors in open-plan offices with the same characteristics but with different workstation partition heights (1.10, 1.40 and 1.65 m) on perceptual evaluations of office employees. Design/methodology/approach In this research, the effects of environmental factors on employees’ perceptual evaluations in open-plan offices at the Gölbaşı Region of Ankara were measured with a detailed questionnaire. The research data were obtained from 81 employees who agreed to fill out the questionnaire and who use open-plan offices. Findings It was found that the office environments with 1.65 m workstation partition heights were more favorably assessed for each of the items of planning and of privacy that form the dependent variables compared to the office environments with 1.10 and 1.40 m partition heights. On the other hand, the office environments with the 1.10 and 1.40 m partition heights were more favorable for lighting items than the 1.65 m partition height office environments. In addition, young employees had a more positive tendency toward the perceptions of environmental factors, including different workstation partition heights in open-plan offices, compared to older employees. Research limitations/implications Results of this research provide a fundamental contribution for the impact of various partition heights that have substantial implications on the perceptions of open-plan office environments. At this point, as open-plan offices have important effects on the quality of employees’ work experiences, the influence of various partition heights on the performance of employees should be emphasized in future studies. The diversity of performance (reading comprehension, calculation, design, drawing, etc.) will be an important decision. Originality/value The significant contribution of this research is that it provides valid data and makes a valuable contribution to the body of knowledge in open-plan office design.

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Davis, M. C., D. J. Leach und C. W. Clegg. „Breaking Out of Open-Plan: Extending Social Interference Theory Through an Evaluation of Contemporary Offices“. Environment and Behavior 52, Nr. 9 (08.10.2019): 945–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916519878211.

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Offices are evolving rapidly to facilitate organizational cost reductions and to better support contemporary working practices. We investigate relationships between the design of contemporary offices (physical proximity and breakout areas) and autonomy in predicting individual outcomes (ease of communication, job satisfaction, and well-being). We extend Social Interference Theory to include features of contemporary office design and explicitly explore the moderating role of autonomy. Working in differing office configurations of a global engineering company, 406 employees provided data. Access to breakout areas was strongly related to ease of communication, higher job satisfaction, and well-being. In the absence of breakout areas, employees with higher autonomy were able to better manage the challenges arising from contemporary offices. Practical implications include incorporating breakout areas to enhance employee experience within open-plan offices, using job design to optimize employee experience in open-plan offices, and manager and employee involvement in office design.

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Delle Macchie, Sara, Simone Secchi und Gianfranco Cellai. „Acoustic Issues in Open Plan Offices: A Typological Analysis“. Buildings 8, Nr. 11 (14.11.2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110161.

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This paper reports the acoustic issues of open plan office environments. According to a detailed research based on the scientific literature of the most suitable acoustic descriptors recommended for the open plan offices analysis, the main typological-functional configurations of these environments have been analyzed in order to identify six spatial typologies. The variation of acoustic parameters of these typologies has been evaluated by using a sound pyramid tracing software. The analysis procedure was calibrated in a case study of an office environment, where a measurement campaign was carried out. Results point out that the acoustic improvement of open plan offices can usually be achieved by introducing a sound absorbing false ceiling and dividing panels between working positions, but there are different issues depending on spatial geometries of the office. Better results are referred to office typologies characterized by reduced height and equal plan dimensions.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Open offices"

Cancelliere, Michele. „Acoustics in open space offices - Analysis of a recently built office“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Il comfort negli uffici open-space è un tema di grande attualità, che ha ampiamente contribuito all'evoluzione di questa tipologia di ambienti, tanto nei decenni passati quanto oggi. Tra i vari fattori ambientali, la qualità acustica riveste certamente un ruolo chiave, in quanto incide sia sul benessere psicofisico che sulla produttività degli ooccupanti l'ufficio. Il presente lavoro d itesi si concentra su un ufficio open-space di nuova realizzazione per analizzarne le proprietà acustiche in rapporto alla normativa relativa ed ai modelli previsionali. Lo stato di fatto è stato indagato tramite misure in situ e simulazioni acustiche: la campagna di misure, condotte in accordo alla ISO 3382-3, consente di conoscere tutte le principali grandezze acustiche; l’elaborazione dei dati è stata eseguita tramite il software Dirac. Le simulazioni, eseguite con il software dedicato Odeon, sono state necessarie per ricreare un ambiente virtuale che avesse le medesime caratteristiche acustiche di quello reale, consentendo dunque di stimare le proprietà dei materiali che compongono le varie superfici e la loro influenza sul campo acustico. L’obiettivo del lavoro è individuare, dal punto di vista acustico, i punti di forza e di potenziale miglioramento della progettazione e della realizzazione di tale ufficio e, nel contempo, comprendere in quale misura i modelli previsionali presi a riferimento nelle norme tecniche internazionali, frutto in prevalenza di studi sugli open-space nord-europei, possano adattarsi al caso in esame.

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Arnerlöv, Karin, und Cecilia Bengtsson. „Open-Plan Offices : The Importance of the Ambient Conditions´ Characteristics for Employee Satisfaction“. Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1245.

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The ambient conditions such as air quality, noise, music, temperature, lighting and colour, in open-plan offices and their impact on employees are important for managements to recognize because open-plan offices are becoming more and more common in Swedish companies' office design today (Aronsson, 2005). For students, who will soon be entering the work force, it is important to understand how the characteristics of the ambient conditions can influence employee behaviour/satisfaction.

To have a working knowledge of what kinds of effects the ambient conditions can have is likely to increase one's chances of becoming a satisfied employee. An employee that is aware of the importance of creating a servicescape (the attributes of the physical surrounding) that meets its needs and desires is likely to enhance its satisfaction in the ambient conditions. A great number of managements may not be aware of the risks of working in an open-plan office where the ambient conditions are not satisfying the employees; ergonomic issues as well as heart diseases are the most serious results (Evans and Johnson, 2000, pp. 780-782). This leads to the problem formulation of this thesis: "How can management improve employee satisfaction in an open-plan office through the characteristics of a servicescape's ambient conditions?”.

Four main theories are included in the Theoretical Framework to provide a deep understanding for the reader about the complexity of problems that comes with working in an open-plan office. The Bitner theory and the research compiled by Sundstrom discuss ambient conditions and their impacts on employees' behaviour/satisfaction. Evans and Johnson’s theory discusses how stress is related to low-intensity noise. The final main theory, Person-Environment Fit, upholds the importance of a servicescape that fits employees’ needs and desires.

The ambient conditions influence employee behaviours in numerous ways (Davis, 1984, pp. 271) and at Sogeti’s open-plan office several ambient conditions are studied through an observation conducted during April 17th 2007 and a questionnaire with 15 closed questions. The outcomes of the observation and the questionnaire are analysed and concrete proposals are created for the Sogeti management to act upon in order to improve the characteristics of their open-plan office’s ambient conditions and thereby improve employee satisfaction.

One of the concrete proposals to how Sogeti may improve the ambient conditions in their open-plan office is to introduce a survey that should be handed out to the employees three or four times a year. The purpose of the survey is to define employees’ perceptions of the different ambient conditions.

Based on the outcomes from the survey, employees’ needs and desires of the servicescape, the ambient conditions’ characteristics, can be improved. Also, some examples of actions geared towards reducing the level of noise in the Sogeti open-plan office are to use ear phones when listening to music and to leave the open-plan office when conducting phone calls. The concrete proposals developed based on the Sogeti employees’ perceptions of the ambient conditions in the open-plan office are outcomes of this thesis that may serve as a tool for the Sogeti management to improve the ambient conditions of their servicescape and thereby increase employee satisfaction.

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Ng, Wun-yin. „Impacts of the indoor environment on the health of occupants in open-plan offices in Hong Kong“. Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2004. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B37931039.

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Ibrahim, Ayman Wagdy Mohamed. „Predicting glare in open-plan offices using simplified data acquisitions and machine learning algorithms“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204266/1/Ayman%20Wagdy%20Mohamed_Ibrahim_Thesis.pdf.

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Glare in open-plan offices can negatively affect the productivity and well-being of office workers. Accurate glare prediction is challenging, as occupants' sensitivity to glare may differ under the same conditions. Developed as part of an ARC Linkage Project, this thesis challenges the limitations prevalent in current glare metrics by delivering a new model of predicting glare for open-plan offices. By utilising machine learning (ML) techniques, more accurate tools and methods are unlocked to assist architects and lighting engineers in the early stages of the design process. They ultimately enable more efficient daylit office designs with reduced glare discomfort in Australia.

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Cheledinas, Christina. „Work Can Suck but Offices Don’t Have To: An Analysis of the Office Design Trends & Strategies of Corporate America“. Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1844.

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This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of workplace design and strategy solutions that have evolved over the last century. It will discuss the various factors which have prompted companies to take significant interest in the design and layout of their office space today. Additionally, this paper will discuss controversies over open office space design as well as the cubicle. I will further explore the possible direction corporate offices are headed in the future, and the prominent organizational trends that will reconstruct the way we understand the functions of the office and the buildings that house them. As the nature of work is evolving and people are spending more time in offices, it is vital that we find the best solutions to enhance their experiences and meet the physiological and psychological needs of the workforce.[1]This paper provides recommendations for improvement of office space and suggestions for combating past mistakes. [1] "Psychology Of The Office Space." Facility Executive - Creating Intelligent Buildings. February 09, 2016. Accessed April 22, 2018. https://facilityexecutive.com/2016/01/psychology-of-the-office-space/.

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Shahzad, Salome Sally. „Individual thermal control in the workplace : cellular vs open plan offices : Norwegian and British case studies“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9730.

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This research is based on the challenge in the field of thermal comfort between the steady state and adaptive comfort theories. It challenges the concept of standard ‘comfort zone’ and investigates the application of ‘adaptive opportunity’ in the workplace. The research question is: ‘Does thermal control improve user satisfaction in cellular and open plan offices? Norwegian vs. British practices’. Currently, centrally controlled thermal systems are replacing individual thermal control in the workplace (Bordass et al., 1993, Roaf et al., 2004) and modern open plan offices are replacing traditional cellular plan offices in Scandinavia (Axéll and Warnander, 2005). However, users complaint about the lack of individual thermal control (Van der Voordt, 2003), which is predicted as an important asset to the workplace in the future (Leaman and Bordass, 2005). This research seeks users’ opinion on improving their satisfaction, comfort and health in two environments with high and low levels of thermal control, respectively the Norwegian and British workplace contexts. Two air conditioned Norwegian cellular plan offices which provide every user with control over a window, blinds, door and the ability to adjust the temperature are compared against two naturally and mechanically ventilated British open plan offices with limited thermal control over the windows and blinds for occupants seated around the perimeter of the building. Complimentary quantitative and qualitative methodologies are applied, with a particular emphasis on grounded theory, on which basis the research plan is formulated through a process of pilot studies. Occupants’ perception of their thermal environment within the building is recorded through a questionnaire and empirical building performance through thermal measurements. These traditional techniques are further reinforced with semi-structured interviews to investigate thermal control. A visual recording technique is introduced to analyse the collected information qualitatively regarding the context and meaning. The ASHRAE Standard 55-2010 and its basis do not apply to the case study buildings in this research. This thesis suggests that thermal comfort is dynamic rather than fixed. Occupants are more likely to prefer different thermal settings at different times, which is in contrast with providing a steady thermal condition according to the standard ‘comfort zone’. Furthermore, the occupants of the Norwegian cellular plan offices in this research report up to 30% higher satisfaction, comfort and health levels compared to the British open plan offices, suggesting the impact of the availability of individual thermal control. This research suggests that rather than providing a uniform thermal condition according to the standard ‘comfort zone’, office buildings are recommended to provide a degree of flexibility to allow users to find their own comfort by adjusting their thermal environment according to their immediate requirements.

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Poncetti, Nicolas. „Noise annoyance in open-plan offices and occupant fatigue : A study on the influence of age-related hearing loss“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0131.

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Les bureaux ouverts sont courants dans le secteur tertiaire, mais les occupants se plaignent souvent du bruit, en particulier des conversations entre collègues. Ce problème peut affecter différemment les personnes ayant une audition normale et celles souffrant de presbyacousie. Cette étude examine donc l'impact d'une perte auditive légère (le début de la presbyacousie) sur la performance ainsi que sur la fatigue et la charge de travail perçue, en se concentrant sur l'effet de la parole non pertinente. Une analyse de la décrément de performance lors d'une tâche de mémoire sérielle en fonction du niveau d'intélligibilité du bruit de parole a été réalisée avec de jeunes ayant une audition normale, dans deux conditions auditives : avec et sans simulateur de perte auditive, ainsi qu'avec des sujets âgés malentendants. Les participants ont été exposés à cinq conditions de bruit ainsi qu'au silence. L'intelligibilité subjective a également été mesurée. Les résultats ont montré une différence mineure, non significative, de décrément de performance entre les participants normo-entendants et malentendants. Le simulateur de perte auditive a produit des résultats comparables à ceux du groupe des personnes âgées, validant ainsi son efficacité. Une deuxième expérience, impliquant une exposition prolongée au bruit, a été menée pour examiner des facteurs tels que la fatigue et la charge de travail, qui sont difficiles à évaluer dans des expériences plus courtes comme la première. Dans cette expérience, une journée de travail a été simulée dans un bureau ouvert, où les participants ont effectué des tâches bureautiques tout en étant exposés à la parole non pertinente. Les résultats indiquent que l'intelligibilité du bruit ne semble pas avoir d'impact significatif sur la fatigue et la charge de travail perçues. De même, aucune différence notable n'a été observée entre les deux groupes étudiés
Open-plan offices are common in the tertiary sector, yet occupants often complain about noise, particularly from co-worker conversations. This issue can differently affect normal hearing people and those with presbycusis. This study examines the impact of mild hearing loss (early-stage presbycusis) on performance, fatigue, and perceived workload, with a focus on the effect of irrelevant speech. An analysis of the decrease in performance on a serial recall task as a function of the intelligibility level of irrelevent speech was conducted with young, normal-hearing subjects under two auditory conditions: with and without a hearing loss simulator, as well as with hearing-impaired elderly subjects. Participants were exposed to five noise conditions and silence. Subjective intelligibility was also measured. The results showed a minor, non-significant difference in decrease of performance between normal-hearing and hearing-impaired participants. The hearing loss simulator produced results comparable to those of the older group, validating its efficacy. A second experiment involving prolonged noise exposure was conducted to examine factors such as fatigue and workload, which are challenging to evaluate in shorter experiments like the first one. In this experiment, a working day was simulated in an open-plan office, where participants performed clerical tasks while exposed to irrelevant speech. The results indicate that the intelligibility of the noise does not appear to significantly impact perceived fatigue and workload. Again, no notable differences were observed between the two groups studied

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ZHANG, Xinnan. „Knowledge Workers' Space Use and Verbal Communication Behavior in Construction Companies Offices -Case Studies on Territorial, Non-territorial and Big Open Plan Workplaces-“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142563.

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Zolfaghari, Zahra. „Study of the Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) on the Optimum Window-to-Wall Ratio and Whole-Building Energy Consumption in Open Offices“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100642.

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Daylight harvesting is an essential strategy that is often used to enhance both the design and performance of an architectural project. Windows, as crucial architectural elements, not only admit natural light into spaces but also provide the occupants with visual connections. However, the excessive usage of windows brings an uncontrolled amount of solar energy to the spaces and negatively affect the building's energy performance. When utilizing passive design strategies such as daylight harvesting, several parameters, including the electrical lighting system, can impact the outcome. The current study investigates the role of lighting systems on daylight harvesting's effectiveness and their impact on window dimension and total energy consumption. In this study, the optimum window-to-wall ratio of an open office in the presence of two different light sources (LED and fluorescent) is explored through a computer simulation method. A combination of tools including AGi32, ElumTools, OpenStudio, EnergyPlus, Radiance, and MATLAB helps to conduct the simulation and deliver optimal results. In the results and conclusion chapter, the study provides guidelines to specify optimal window percentages considering two lighting systems in each cardinal direction. Importantly, the guideline focuses only on energy performance and not on the spatial quality of the design.
Master of Architecture
Harnessing daylight with the use of windows helps to offset parts of the electric lighting needs, and decrease the total building energy consumption. This is accomplished by using glazed materials to admit daylight and lighting control systems, which can respond to the dynamic light level. However, improper implementation of a passive daylighting strategy may cause increased energy consumption. Sunlight is accompanied by solar heat radiation which can increase the HVAC load of a space and compromise the energy savings achieved by daylighting. Therefore, a balance between solar heat and light gain is required to fully take advantage of solar energy without reverse impacts. Concerning the mentioned balance, recent advancements in lighting technology question the effectiveness of natural light in reducing whole-building energy consumption. Due to the high energy efficiency of LED luminaires, lighting power consumption is rather low, even when the lighting system operates at full capacity. Therefore, it is unclear whether the solar energy coming through glazed materials works to the advantage or disadvantage of total building energy consumption. This study hypothesized that the total energy consumption of an open office with LED luminaires would be less in absence of solar energy compared to a scenario which utilizes the solar energy. A simulation-based methodology, using a combination of photometric computation and building energy simulation tools, was utilized to examine the hypothesis and explore the impacts of lighting systems on the optimum window-to-wall ratio. The results provide a helpful guideline which highlights the impact of lighting systems on window dimensions and their mutual effect on whole-building energy consumption. Although the optimum window-to-wall ratios suggested by this study only concern energy consumption, integration of them with occupants' preferences can propose an acceptable window-to-wall ratio that satisfies both design quality and performance of a building.

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Nardelli, Débora. „Escritórios abertos e a satisfação de funcionários“. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7460.

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É sabido que a maioria das pessoas investe grande parte de seu tempo em ambientes internos, como escritórios, empresas, fábricas etc. Com o surgimento de novas teorias sobre produtividade relacionadas ao ambiente de trabalho e em decorrência de grandes avanços tecnológicos, novos formatos de trabalho surgiram, e, em consequência, novas demandas ligadas ao trabalho se refletiram em necessidade de mudança em novos ambientes e espaços físicos. Com demandas cada vez maiores e com a preocupação com o bem-estar do funcionário, a busca por ambientes flexíveis e por mais escritórios abertos vem se tornando comum com o passar do tempo. Pesquisas mais recentes evidenciam a importância de um ambiente de trabalho flexível e preocupado com o design relacionado ao funcionário, o qual proporciona melhor desempenho, produtividade e satisfação. Assim, constitui-se como objetivo deste trabalho analisar a percepção dos trabalhadores em relação aos escritórios abertos e flexíveis e como esse tipo de escritório pode influenciar a satisfação do usuário. Para tanto, foram selecionadas duas empresas que foram reformuladas de escritórios fechados para escritórios abertos a fim de se analisar a satisfação do funcionário após a reformulação. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória em cada empresa e foram realizados questionamentos individuais com oito funcionários de cada empresa, totalizando dezesseis entrevistados, para se analisarem questões relacionadas à satisfação baseada em elementos como desempenho, bem-estar, ruído, interação e autonomia. A pesquisa realizada aponta, com base nas opiniões dos funcionários, que os aspectos positivos e negativos são percebidos de maneiras diferentes entre os funcionários. Alguns percebem as mudanças e as consequências da transição como algo positivo, enquanto outros percebem o contrário. Dessa forma, impossibilita-se uma conclusão clara referente à satisfação. As contribuições que prevalecem desta pesquisa são o aumento do campo de visão, dado pelas informações e pelas análises aqui trazidas, referente à teoria e à prática da satisfação dos funcionários na transição de escritórios fechados para escritórios abertos.
It is known that most people spend the majority of their time in indoor settings, like offices, companies, factories, etc. With the emergence of news theories about productivity related to indoor settings and big technological advances, new formats of work activity emerged and, consequently, new work-related demands reflected that changes of indoor settings and physical spaces is needed. With demands getting bigger and bigger and the concern of the well-being of the employee, the search for flexible and open settings are becoming common with time. Recent studies show that, the importance of a flexible workspace and with design that attends to his need, can improve his productivity, performance and satisfaction. The objective of this work is to analyze the perception of the workers in relation with their newly renovated, open-plan office environment. For that, it was selected two companies that were renovated from a closed-plan office to an open plan office and the employee satisfaction analyzed. After that, an exploratory qualitative research was made in each company, individual questioning was made with eight employee each, totalizing sixteen people interviewed, of which were analyzed questions about their satisfaction based on elements like performance, well-being, noise, interaction and autonomy. The research points out, taking in account the opinions of the employees, that positive or negative aspects can be perceived differently by them. Some perceive that the changes and consequences that occurred in the office by the transition as something positive, and others feel the opposite. And so, making a clear conclusion about the satisfaction impossible. The contributions that prevail from this research it’s the widening of the field of view about this topic, granting it more information and analyses that the research provided relating to the theory and practice of the employees on the transition to closed-plan offices to open-plane ones.

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Bücher zum Thema "Open offices"

Osterhaus, Gordon F. How to open a new dental office or relocate your current one: A journey through the dark side of dentistry. Phoenix, Ariz: GFO Pub., 2011.

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Shi, Wei Ming. Open office fei chang easy. Hong Kong: Wan Li, 2002.

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Paxton, Maureen. Jingle's Open Kitchen & Dentistry Office. 2. Aufl. Toronto: Letters, 1985.

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Henry, Christina. Preserving historic corridors in open office plans. Washington, D.C: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Henry, Christina. Preserving historic corridors in open office plans. Washington, D.C: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Parsons, June Jamrich. Practical Open Source Office: LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice. Boston, MA: Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2013.

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Tepper, Noam Nachman. Lilehamer tiḳ patuaḥ: Lillehammer - open case. Hertseliyah: Sifre Niv, 2020.

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Murray, Seth H. Lord, open my lips: The Liturgy of the hours as daily prayer. El Sobrante, Calif: North Bay Books, 2004.

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Jonathan, Bing, Hrsg. Open wide: How Hollywood box office became a national obsession. New York: Miramax Books/Hyperion, 2004.

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Coiduras, Jordi L., und Javier Gómez Arbonés, Hrsg. Guía de contenido digital accesible: Guía de Open Office Writer. Lleida, Spain: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2010.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Open offices"

de Bakker, Christel, Mariëlle Aarts, Helianthe Kort, Alan Meier und Alexander Rosemann. „Local Lighting Control in Open-Plan Offices: The Influence of Office Lay-Out“. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 97–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96059-3_10.

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Belawati, Tian. „Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE“. In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_87-1.

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AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.

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Belawati, Tian. „Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE“. In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 677–89. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_87.

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Kang, Shengxian, Cheuk Ming Mak und Dayi Ou. „A Survey of the Impact of Acoustic Environments on Occupant’s Satisfaction in Open-Plan Offices“. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment, 453–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9822-5_48.

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Jones, Howard, Paul Cornes und Richard Stockford. „Prison officers at work“. In Open Prisons, 177–217. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003433422-8.

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Jones, Howard, Paul Cornes und Richard Stockford. „The social backgrounds of prison officers“. In Open Prisons, 153–76. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003433422-7.

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Gupta, Arun. „Open Source Program Office“. In Fostering Open Source Culture, 105–50. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0977-4_3.

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John, Richard R. „Jeremiah Evarts (ED.), An Account Of MEMORIALS... Praying That The Mails May Not Be Transported, Nor Post-Offices Kept Open, On The Sabbath“. In The American Postal Network, 1792-1914 Vol 3, 1–52. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003551447-1.

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Mols, Carl-Eric, Krzysztof Wnuk und Johan Linåker. „The Open Source Officer Role – Experiences“. In Open Source Systems: Towards Robust Practices, 55–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57735-7_6.

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Goncharuk, Vitaliy. „Survival of the Smartest? Defense AI in Ukraine“. In Contributions to Security and Defence Studies, 375–95. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58649-1_17.

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AbstractBefore Russia’s invasion in February 2022, Ukraine boasted a thriving ecosystem for producing artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, leading Eastern Europe in AI company numbers and hosting R&D offices of multinational giants like Amazon and Google. Despite this, Ukraine’s defense sector lagged in AI adoption due to a focus on traditional hardware. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has transformed the situation, with both sides employing AI in geospatial intelligence, unmanned systems, military training, and cyber warfare, making this conflict the first to feature AI competition as a critical factor. Ukraine’s resilience during the war has relied on active use of awareness systems, volunteer initiatives, open-source platforms, and decentralized asset utilization. The government has begun systematically formulating defense AI policy initiatives and fostering a new ecosystem while civil IT companies shift focus towards dual-use products and talent acquisition in AI. Current defense AI development priorities include AI for unmanned systems, to combat disinformation and support cybersecurity and to advance logistics and mine detection. In parallel, the war has advanced closer cooperation between universities and the military sector, also in view of advancing training and developing AI-enhanced simulation-based training. Overall, the conflict serves as a testing ground for foreign AI developers, prompting reevaluation of regulatory assumptions and the need for war-proof defense AI solutions.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Open offices"

Walsh, Dave, Scott Dennis, Alan Hammond, Jason Rupert, Mike Hubler, Levi Oort, Matt Sipe, Robin Rajbhandari und Glenn Carter. „Launched Effects and Advanced Teaming Require System of System MOSA“. In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–15. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1389.

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The DoD enterprise requires a blueprint for each service and industry base to develop, integrate, and connect crewed and uncrewed platforms across the aviation and ground domains to satisfy the goals of programs such as Replicator, Human Machine Integrated Formation (HMIF) and Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) as a whole. Thanks to years of architecture work by Program Executive Office (PEO) Aviation, PEO Ground Control System (GCS), and the Ground Vehicle Services Center (GVSC), the necessary open standards-based reference architectures, objective architectures, Major System Components (MSCs), and Major System Interfaces (MSIs) can be leveraged to create an executable plan for the Army, the DoD, and the international community as a whole. This paper proposes how to leverage government-owned elements across multiple Army offices to provide a Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) that achieves the speed, portability, and interoperability of capabilities needed for the conflicts of tomorrow.

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R., Feno Heriniaina. „Unveiling Hidden Messages: A Robust Approach to Detecting Structural Text Steganography in Office Open XML Documents“. In 2024 5th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (ELECOM), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/elecom63163.2024.10892148.

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„Generation Y in open plan offices“. In 18th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2011. ERES, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2011_316.

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Serrano Ruiz, María. „Speech Intelligibility Parameters for Evaluating the Perception of Background Noise in Open-Plan Office Users: A Case Study“. In 33rd Annual International Occupational Ergonomics and Safety Conference. International Society for Occupational Ergonomics and Safety, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47461/isoes.2021_021.

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This document presents a case study of acoustic analysis in an open-plan office. Since Mexico does not have a standard for evaluating acoustic conditions in offices, it is relevant to compare different acoustic evaluation methods used for open-plan offices. According to several studies, one of the main acoustic characteristics for open-plan office spaces is speech intelligibility. Therefore, the purpose of this document is to compare psychoacoustic parameters to evaluate speech intelligibility in open-plan offices. We analyzed physical factors as reverberation and speech clarity in different office points, as well as semantic factors based on subjective methods with standardized values of the quality of speech intelligibility. The study was carried out under real open-plan office conditions in a library in a university in northern Mexico. The study factors of interest were type of sound, sound source, and location of the listener, with Reverberation Time (RT), Speech Transmission Index (STI) and Loss of consonant articulation (%ALCons) as the measures of impact on intelligibility. This case study provides additional evidence of the relationship between intelligibility and the position of sound sources; also, it was noted that location of listeners influenced analyzed intelligibility parameters. On the other hand, this case study offers information concerning to use psychoacoustic parameters for subjective classification of quality of the speech intelligibility to evaluate how is background noise perceived in open-plan office users. However, it is noteworthy that this study represents a single office with its own interior and space design characteristics.

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LEONARD, P., und A. CHILTON. „THE LOMBARD EFFECT IN OPEN PLAN OFFICES“. In ACOUSTICS 2019. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.25144/15374.

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NILSSON, E., und B. HELLSTRÖM. „ROOM ACOUSTIC DESIGN IN OPEN-PLAN OFFICES“. In Euronoise 2009. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/17316.

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LEE, PJ, BK LEE und JY LEON. „IMPROVEMENT OF SPEECH PRIVACY IN OPEN-PLAN OFFICES“. In International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN) 2011. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/17015.

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HARVIE-CLARK, J., N. DOBINSON, R. HINTON, R. KING und E. FORSTER. „DESIGNING FOR ACOUSTIC SATISFACTION IN OPEN PLAN OFFICES“. In ACOUSTICS 2023. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/16590.

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Chen, Zhenping, Baochuan Fu und Zhengtian Wu. „Average-Consensus-Based distributed lighting control in open offices“. In 2017 International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2017.8090845.

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Harvie-Clark, J., E. Bourdeau, P. Chevret und L. Brocolini. „HOW WILL ISO22955 AFFECT DESIGNS FOR OPEN PLAN OFFICES?“ In ACOUSTICS 2021. Institute of Acoustics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/13754.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Open offices"

Gan, Kenneth. Personal Space and Privacy in Open Offices. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, Januar 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1114.

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Haddad, Ibrahim. A Deep Dive into Open Source Program Offices: Structure, Roles, Responsibilities, and Challenges. The Linux Foundation, August 2022. https://doi.org/10.70828/tdwk4785.

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Open source projects and initiatives provide enterprises with proven, successful models to collaborate with other organizations, create new technologies, and support the development of new communities. Organizations across many industries are establishing Open Source Program Offices (OSPOs) and staffing them with highly skilled individuals to drive open source software leadership and gain a critical foothold in this external research and development ecosystem. A Deep Dive into Open Source Program Offices examines how enterprises structure their OSPOs and the required minimal staffing needed for their operation, discusses the responsibilities of such offices, and elaborates on the challenges that are faced in open source enterprise adoption.

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Haddad, Ibrahim. A Guide to Enterprise Open Source. The Linux Foundation, Mai 2022. https://doi.org/10.70828/bmzb6635.

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Open source software (OSS) has transformed our world and become the backbone of our digital economy and the foundation of our digital world. From the internet and the mobile apps we use daily to the operating systems and programming languages we use to build the future, OSS has played a vital role. It is the lifeblood of the technology industry. Organizations involved in building products or services involving software, regardless of their specific industry or sector, are likely to adopt OSS and contribute to open source projects deemed critical to their products and services. Organizations are creating open source program offices (OSPOs) to manage their open source activities, from adopting OSS and compliance with applicable licenses to participating in open standards and foundations. To guide their ongoing use of OSS and their engagement with the open source ecosystem, they have developed open source strategies appropriate for their organizational constraints and industry challenges. A Guide to Enterprise Open Source offers a practical and systematic approach to establishing an open source strategy, developing an implementation plan, and accelerating an organization’s open source efforts.

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Blanc, Isabelle, Roberto Di Cosmo, Mathieu Giraud, Daniel Le berre, Violaine Louvet, Nicolas Rougier, Sabrina Granger und François Pellegrini. Highlights of the "Software Pillar of Open Science" workshop. Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, Juni 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/53.

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Software has become essential in all areas of scientific research, both as a tool for research, a product of research, and a research object in itself. In the quest to make research results reproducible, and pass knowledge to future generations, we must preserve three main pillars: the research articles that describe the results, the data sets used or produced, and the software source code that embodies the logic of the data transformation. Indeed, the preservation of software source code is as essential as preserving research articles and data sets. The main aim of this in-person half-day event, organized by the French Committee for Open Science on November 29th 2023, was to bring together high-level stakeholders from a variety of backgrounds, including researchers, research software engineers, research evaluation bodies, infrastructures, academic open source program offices (OSPOs), and financial backers, to share their experience and views on research software. The workshop featured three panel sessions, in which speakers focused on major dimensions of relevance to software in open science: − Acknowledgment of software as a key pillar for reproducible research; − Recognition and support for the dissemination of software; − Highlighting of the social impact of software.

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Arisi, Diego, Alix Cortés und Delic Diego. Open configuration options Knowledge for Results and the Efficiency of Public Agencies in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, März 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004062.

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This paper documents the effects of an intervention on knowledge sharing, in which information embedded in efficient private organizations is used to improve bureaucratic procedures of public agencies. In particular, it analyzes the impact of the Knowledge for Results (K4R) program on the efficiency of public agencies in Colombia. The findings of the study indicate that K4R is associated with a statistically significant improvement in operational efficiency. The paper presents two examples of K4R. In the first example, K4R reduced the time that local ombudsman offices need to deal with incoming petitions from citizens. In the second example, K4R reduced the time that oncology patients spend in an emergency clinic until they are discharged from the hospital. These time reductions are quantitatively relevant and imply efficiency gains of between 25 and 40 percent relative to pre-program levels.

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Omier, Emily, Chris Aniszczyk und Ana Jimenez Santamaria. The Business Value of the OSPO: An Exploration of Why Organizations Create, Sustain, and Expand Open Source Program Offices (OSPOs). The Linux Foundation, März 2023. https://doi.org/10.70828/kpmr3337.

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In our latest report with the TODO group, we tackled the research question: why are Open Source Program Offices (OSPOs) valuable from a business perspective? This qualitative study takes the reader through different value propositions that OSPO champions can use to connect OSPOs to business objectives, as well as the challenges to expect on an OSPO's journey. The report weaves in perspectives from OSPO leaders around the world and from various industries on what makes an OSPO valuable, how they measure that value, and how they expect their program to evolve with their organization. Whether forming an OSPO for the first time or working with an established program, readers will come away with tools to communicate, measure, and navigate the different value propositions of the OSPO.

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Filipov, Stanislav Julianov, und Snejana Pleshkova-Bekiarska. Using Psychophysical Tuning Curves Measurements to Locally Extend the Effectiveness of Individual Sound Masking Perception of Persons in Open Offices. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.03.14.

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Melnyk, Yuriy. Academic Journal Website Model. KRPOCH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/preprint.melnyk.1.2018.

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Background: The tens of thousands of academic journal websites that are on the Internet today often do not have a clear organizational structure for their website. If most of them are convenient enough for readers (if the journal is open access), then many have problems informing authors about the conditions, the process of submitting and reviewing the manuscript. The Editorial Offices empirically populate the journal's website with content that can change dramatically (both in terms of website design and content) as the journal develops. Aim of Study: To develop a website model for an academic journal that takes into account the basic requirements for the preparation, publication, and archiving of high quality scientific manuscripts. Material and Methods: The academic journal website model is based on a structural-functional approach. The website content consists of text and integrated applications. This model takes into account the basic requirements for the preparation, publication, and archiving of high-quality open access scientific manuscripts, as well as the indexing of journal articles by leading indexing agencies. Results: The academic journal website model is structured with the following menu and submenu elements: 1. HOME: 1.1. Journal information; 1.2. From the editorial office; 1.3. Databases, Indexing; 2. EDITORIAL BOARD: 2.1. Editorial board; 2.2. Reviewers; 2.3. Editing and reviewing process; 3. EDITORIAL POLICIES: 3.1. Editorial policies; 3.2. Plagiarism policy; 3.3. Open access policy; 3.4. The ethics codex of scientific publications; 3.5. Disclaimer; 3.6. License terms; 3.7. Terms of publications (fee); 4. ARCHIV: 4.1. Previous issues; 4.2. Current issue; 4.3. Articles online first; 5. INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS: 5.1. General recommendations; 5.2. Manuscript templates; 5.3. Supplemental materials; 6. STATISTICS: 6.1. Publications; 6.2. Authors; 6.3. Readers; 7. CONTACTS: 7.1. Contact; 7.2. Subscriptions; 7.3. Search. Conclusions: This academic journal website model was implemented for the International Journal of Science Annals (IJSA). Authors and readers of IJSA noted the advantages of the model proposed by the author, including: a convenient and understandable website interface, the availability of the necessary hyperlinks to the pages of the journal's website and external media (sites of indexed agencies, library archives, etc.), convenient search for information on the website and published in the journal articles (by author, publication, text of the article), availability of integrated applications (online submission of manuscripts, filing appeals against the decision of reviewers and complaints about published articles, viewing the interactive printed version of the journal, etc.), availability of templates (for authors, reviewers), availability of multiple formats for archiving articles (PDF, DOAJ, XML, TXT), the ability to choose the style of citing the article and the website language (English, Ukrainian), etc. Keywords: journal, model, website, academic, indexing

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Selman, Brianne. Open Scholarship @ UWinnipeg. University of Winnipeg, Januar 2025. https://doi.org/10.36939/ir.202501291330.

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At UWinnipeg, we prioritize student success, offer outstanding academic research programs and opportunities for students, support Indigenous achievement, embrace inclusivity, and foster meaningful connections on campus and across community. Open Scholarship is a necessary and central part of this work, as it makes our teaching and research expertise available freely, globally, and welcomes everyone into the conversations happening at our University. Across the UWinnipeg campus there are many projects and initiatives occurring to increase access to teaching, research, and knowledge. Some of these are connected with The Library and Research Office, some of these are occurring in departments or in other siloed locations. Many of these initiatives are great as is and don't need to scale up, but many projects could benefit from having 1. Larger campus awareness and championing, in order to involve more people more effectively 2. Some form of sustainable resourcing and 3. Policy support in key areas.

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Subhani, MI. VIRTUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IS OPEN ACCESS KNOWLEDGE CRITICAL IN SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION? ILMA University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46745/ilma.oric.conference.2021.01.

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Office of Research, Innovations & Commercialization, ILMA University as always plays a significant role of stimuli to provoke the understanding of publishing protocols among the publishers and other stakeholders of scholarly communications. In continuation to this role, Office of Research, Innovations & Commercialization-ILMA University is hosting a virtual international conference on IS OPEN ACCESS KNOWLEDGE CRITICAL IN SCHOLARLY COMMUNICATION? With this note, to spread growing significance of Open Access Knowledge in Scholarly Communication, I am extending an Official Invitation to your good self to attend this conference. During this extraordinary new normal time in an unprecedented year, there is no pressure to attend this conference. The conference has been designed to be as flexible as possible in the hopes that many people can participate to listen Conference KEYNOTE SPEAKERS from Higher Education Commission, Govt. of Pakistan, Web of Science, Elsevier, COPE, Creative Commons, SAGE Open, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, University De Quebec Montreal, Commonwealth University and Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok.

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