Dissertationen zum Thema „Ontologies géographiques“
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Gesbert, Nils. „Étude de la formalisation des spécifications de bases de données géographiques en vue de leur intégration“. Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntegrating them into a federated database system, by describing the precise data meaning in a way both homogeneous between databases and as formal as possible. This precise data meaning is contained in the databases’ content specifications (surveying rules). Method : The general organization of the present specifications follows that of the databases’ schemata, but these schemas are heterogeneous and influenced by implementation problems. To overcome this problem, we suppose that it will be possible to find, in the specifications’ text, a number of common terms referring to shared geographical concepts. All these concepts would constitute what is called a domain ontology. Our idea is not to create a complete ontology but rather a partial, ad hoc one, which would be extended to take new concepts into account as needed. The specifications would then be represented as a bundle of what we call representation procedures, which describe how, given a geographic entity (instance of some geographical concept), one or more representations of this entity are built up into the different databases depending on the nature and the properties of the entity. Thus these procedures describe the links between the ontology and the schemata of the databases. Results : For the example of hydrography in two different IGN databases, BDCarto and BDTopo, our hypothesis seems confirmed : a common ontology could rather easily be defined. Concerning the representation procedures, we were able to establish the main kinds of elementary rules from which they can be constructed. To describe formally these procedures, we then defined a formal language whose grammar has been described in BNF and is based on these elementary rules. Finally, we have made a software prototype, containing a parser for this language, for entering, saving and handling the formal specifications
Vasseur, Bérengère. „Modélisation de l'information de qualité dans les applications géographiques“. Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbadie, Nathalie. „Formalisation, acquisition et mise en œuvre de connaissances pour l’intégration virtuelle de bases de données géographiques : les spécifications au cœur du processus d’intégration“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1054/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis deals with topographic databases integration. This process aims at facilitating the use of several heterogeneous databases by making the relationships between them explicit. To automatically achieve databases integration, several aspects of data heterogeneity must be detected and solved. Identifying heterogeneities between topographic databases implies comparing some knowledge about their respective contents. Therefore, we propose to formalise and acquire this knowledge and to use it for topographic databases integration. Our work focuses on the specific problem of topographic databases schema matching, as a first step in an integration application. To reach this goal, we propose to use a specific knowledge source, namely the databases specifications, which describe the data implementing rules. Firstly, they are used as the main resource for the knowledge acquisition process in an ontology learning application. As a first approach for schema matching, the domain ontology created from the texts of IGN's databases specifications is used as a background knowledge source in a schema matching application based on terminological and structural matching techniques. In a second approach, this ontology is used to support the representation, in the OWL 2 language, of topographic entities selection and geometry capture rules described in the databases specifications. This knowledge is then used by a reasoner in a semantic-based schema matching application
Massala, Marius. „Recherche intelligente d'informations géographiques à partir des toponymes, des métadonnées et d'une ontologie : application aux forêts du Bassin congolais“. Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944973.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAbadie, Nathalie. „Formalisation, acquisition et mise en œuvre de connaissances pour l'intégration virtuelle de bases de données géographiques : les spécifications au cœur du processus d'intégration“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794395.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRawsthorne, Helen Mair. „Creation of geospatial knowledge graphs from heterogeneous sources“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UEFL2006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSome spatial knowledge, current or historical, exists only in the form of text. Examples of such sources of unstructured spatial knowledge include travel guides, historical documents and social media posts. Textual sources contain naturally heterogeneous spatial knowledge: they can be written by different authors, using different vocabulary, from different points of view, they can cover large and diverse geographic areas, and they can contain varied levels of detail. These are some of the reasons why it is difficult to integrate geographic information from textual sources into GIS models, which require highly-structured complete data with direct spatial referencing. The open-world assumption of semantic Web technologies makes knowledge graphs a better solution for modelling and storing geographic information extracted from heterogeneous, incomplete and imperfect natural language text. Structured as a geospatial knowledge graph, what was once ambiguous spatial knowledge can be disambiguated and formally linked to reference geographic resources, thereby enriching it with direct spatial referencing where possible and significantly facilitating its accessibility and reuse.The objective of this thesis is to develop an operational approach for the creation of knowledge graphs from text and geographic reference data that is adapted to the special case of constructing geospatial knowledge graphs that include both direct and indirect spatial referencing. We apply our research to a French text corpus, which allows us to empirically identify and validate a functional methodology for creating geospatial knowledge graphs from text. The corpus is composed of the Instructions nautiques, a series of books published by the Shom that describe the maritime environment and give coastal navigation instructions.The main contribution of this thesis is the ATONTE Methodology for the semi-automatic construction and population of knowledge graphs, geospatial or not, from heterogeneous textual sources, expert knowledge and reference data. We present the ATONTE Methodology in detail and demonstrate how we implemented it to construct a geospatial knowledge graph of the content of the Instructions nautiques.The first of the three components that make up ATONTE is a novel methodology for the manual development of domain ontologies from text and the knowledge of domain experts. We apply this methodology to our corpus, integrating our findings from interviews carried out with expert users of the corpus, to develop the ATLANTIS Ontology: a geospatial seed ontology of the domain of the Instructions nautiques.The second component consists of a baseline approach for automatic nested entity and binary relation extraction from text using a deep neural network. It requires training two existing pretrained deep language models, one for the task of entity extraction and the other for relation extraction, on a domain-specific manually-annotated textual dataset. We implement the approach to extract the spatial entities and relations from our corpus, creating a French-language annotated training dataset in the process. We provide benchmark results for this dataset for three tasks: nested spatial entity extraction, binary spatial relation extraction, and end-to-end spatial entity and relation extraction. The third and final component is dedicated to automatically structuring the information extracted during the previous stage as a knowledge graph according to the ontology developed during the first stage, and disambiguating the entities via entity linking to a reference resource. We present a proof of concept of this stage, using off-the-shelf tools to first structure the spatial entities and relations extracted from the Instructions nautiques according to the ATLANTIS Ontology and then link the entities to their corresponding entries in the BD TOPO®. The result is an operational basis for the geospatial ATLANTIS Knowledge Graph of the Instructions nautiques
Bernard, Camille. „Immersing evolving geographic divisions in the semantic Web“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM048.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNowadays, the volume of data coming from the public sector is growing rapidly on the Open Data Web. Most of data come from governmental agencies such as Statistical and Mapping Agencies. Together, these public institutions publish geo-coded statistics that are of utmost importance for policy-makers to conduct various analyses upon their jurisdiction, in time and space. However, through times, all over the world, the subdivisions of such ju- risdictions (portions of space on Earth) delimited by or, under the control of human groups (e.g., administrative or electoral areas) are subject to change: their names, belonging or boundaries change for political or administrative reasons. Likewise, the Territorial Statistical Nomenclatures (TSNs) that are sets of artifact areas (although they usually correspond to political or administrative structures) built by Statistical Agencies to observe a territory at several levels (e.g., regions, districts, sub-districts) also change over time. Changes in TSNs are an obstacle to maintain the comparability of socio-economic data over time, unless past data are recalculated according to present geographic areas, a complicated process that, in the end, hide the territorial changes. Then, territorial changes lead to breaks in the statistical series, and are sources of misinterpretations of statistics, or statistical bias when not properly documented. Therefore, solutions for representing different versions of TSNs, and their evolution on the Open Data Web are to be proposed in order to enhance the understanding of territorial dynamics.In this thesis, we present the Theseus Framework with reference to philosophical issue raised by the Ship of Theseus that, according to legend, was rebuilt entirely over the years, every plank of the ship being replaced one by one. This software framework adopts Semantic Web technologies and Linked Open Data (LOD) representation for the description of the TSNs’ areas, and of their changes: this guaranties the syntactic and, moreover, semantic interoperability between systems exchanging TSN information. Theseus is composed of a set of modules to handle the whole TSN data life cycle on the LOD Web: from the modeling of geographic areas and of their changes, to the exploitation of these descriptions on the LOD Web. All the software modules rely on two ontologies, TSN Ontology and TSN-Change Ontology, we have designed for an unambiguous description of the areas in time and space, and for the description of their changes. In order to automate the detection of such changes in TSN geospatial files, Theseus embeds an implementation of the TSN Semantic Matching Algorithm that computes LOD semantic graphs describing all the TSN elements and their evolution, based on the vocabulary of the two ontologies.This framework is intended first for the Statistical Agencies, since it considerably helps in complying with Open Data directives, by automating the publication of Open Data representation of their geographic areas that change over time. Second, the created LOD graphs enhance the understanding of territorial dynamics over time, providing policy-makers, researchers, general public with semantic descriptions of territorial changes to conduct various analyses upon their jurisdiction, in time and space. The applicability and genericity of our approach is illustrated by three tests of Theseus, each of them being led on three official TSNs: The European Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) (versions 1999, 2003, 2006, and 2010) from the European Eurostat Statistical Institute; The Switzerland Administrative Units (SAU), from The Swiss Federal Statistical Office, that describes the cantons, districts and municipalities of Switzerland in 2017 and 2018; The Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS), built by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, composed of seven nested divisions of the Australian territory, in versions 2011 and 2016
Nguyen, Van Tien. „Méthode d’extraction d’informations géographiques à des fins d’enrichissement d’une ontologie de domaine“. Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3052/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is in the context of the ANR project GEONTO covering the constitution, alignment, comparison and exploitation of heterogeneous geographic ontologies. The goal is to automatically extract terms from topographic travelogues to enrich a geographical ontology originally designed by IGN. The proposed method allows identification and extraction of terms contained in a text with a topographical connotation. Our method is based on a model that relies on certain grammatical relations to locate these terms. The implementation of this model requires the use of methods or techniques of NLP (Processing of Language). Our model represents the relationships between terms to extract and other elements of the texts that can be identified by using external predefined resources, such as specific lexicons: verbs of travelogue (verbs of displacement, verbs of perceptions, topographical verbs), pre-positions (prepositions of place, adverbs, adjectives), place name, generic thesauri, ontologies of domain (in our case the geographical ontology originally designed by IGN). Once marked by linguistic patterns, the proposed relationships allow us to annotate and automatically retrieve terms. Then various indices help deduce whether the extracted terms evoke topographical concepts. It is through reasoning rules that deductions are made. These rules are based on intrinsic knowledge (evocation of space in the language) and external knowledge contained in external resources mentioned above, or their combination. The advantage of our approach is that the method can extract not only the terms related directly to place name but also those embedded in sentence structure in which other terms coexisted. Experiments on a corpus consisting of 12 travel stories (2419 pages, provided by the library of Pau) showed that our method is robust. As a result, it was used to extract 2173 distinct terms with 1191 valid terms, with a precision of 0.55. This demonstrates that the use of the proposed relationships is more effective than that of couples (term, place name) (which gives 733 distinct terms valid with an accuracy of 0.38). Our method can also be used for other applications such as geographic named entity recognition, spatial indexing of textual documents
Mignard, Clément. „SIGA3D : modélisation, échange et visualisation d'objets 3D du bâtiment et d'objets urbains géoréférencés ; application aux IFC pour la gestion technique de patrimoine immobilier et urbain“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842227.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeclercq, Eric. „Interoperabilité sémantique des systèmes d'information géographique : une approche basée sur la médiation de contexte“. Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHombiat, Anthony. „OF4OSM : un méta-modèle pour structurer la folksonomie d'OpenStreetMap en une nouvelle ontologie“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM044/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePost-2000s web technologies have enabled users to engage in the information production process: Web 2.0 surfers are the new data sensors. Regarding Geographic Information (GI), large crowdsourced datasets emerge from the Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) phenomenon through platforms such as OpenStreetMap (OSM). The latter involves more than two millions contributors who aim at mapping the world into an open geospatial database. This deluge of VGI consists of spatial features associated with tags describing their attributes which is typical of crowdsourced content categorization. However, this approach is also a major impediment to interoperability with other systems that could benefit from this huge amount of bottom-up data. Indeed, folksonomies are much less expressive data models than ontologies. We address the issue of loose OSM metadata by proposing a model for collaborative ontology engineering in order to semantically lift the data while preserving the flexible nature of the activity of tagging
Andrés, Samuel. „Ontologies dans les images satellitaires : interprétation sémantique des images“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFléty, Yann. „Vers une mise en observation des systèmes énergétiques territoriaux : une approche géographique pour territorialiser l'énergie“. Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1001/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHaving an effect on a system calls for a thorough knowledge of it. The main goal of this research is toprovide a general framework for the interpretation of geographic information, as well as a methodologicalframework to understand the interrelations between territory and energy in the context of a territorialobservatory. A literature review of energy planning on the one hand and spatial planning on the other revealssimilar developments in the two fields, in particular in terms of decentralisation and environmental concerns.The change of geographical scale chosen for the analysis brings new possibilities for public intervention. Inthis context, therefore, local authorities have a key role to play in implementing energy policy goals in theirplanning practices. They need analysis and prospective studies, as well as basic knowledge to carry outterritorial energy planning. Indeed, the socio-spatial functions (living, travelling, working, etc.) arethemselves at the root of spatial layout, urban forms and settlement structures. Those functions cannot bedisassociated from questions of land use and energy. So, to understand energy which is vital, ubiquitous, andresponsible for the organisation of territory, a systemic approach is proposed: the Territorial Energy System.It illustrates the importance of the interactions between a territory and its energy system, and more precisely,the interdependence between energy processes and territorial ones. We propose a design approach in thecontext of an observatory, and more precisely conceptual models, to analyse the territory-energyinterrelations, especially with a focus on semantic dimensions. This approach combines three elements: ameta-model, a light and pre-consensus domain ontology, and individual conceptual data models for eachindicator. An original indicator is then used for a first ontology population: the territorial energy label.Characterising the interrelations between territory and energy is non-trivial, dealing with the variety ofprocesses, scales or data constraints and the numerous meanings of those two concepts. The maincontributions of this research is firstly to demonstrate the relevance of a territorial perspective on energy, aswell as presenting a geographical design approach to conceptualising the observation of territorial energysystems in a territorial observatory
Tsatcha, Dieudonné. „Contribution à l'extraction et à la représentation des connaissances de l'environnement maritime : proposition d'une architecture dédiée aux applications de navigation“. Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0118/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNo
Karam, Roula. „Multi-providers location based services for mobile-tourism : a use case for location and cartographic integrations on mobile devices“. Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694476.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVandecasteele, Arnaud. „Modélisation ontologique des connaissances expertes pour l'analyse de comportements à risque : application à la surveillance maritime“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819259.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarde, Julien. „Mutualisation de données et de connaissances pour laGestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières.Application au projet SYSCOLAG“. Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112661.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellela gestion intégrée de la zone côtière (GIZC). Elle étudie la mise en place de méthodes génériques
pour optimiser la gestion de l'information et de la connaissance dans les dispositifs de GIZC. Compte
tenu de l'hétérogénéité des ressources informationnelles nécessaires et réparties chez des acteurs variés de l'importance de l'information géographique dans ce domaine, nous proposons, en réponse à cette problématique, une solution qui s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un service de métadonnées pour décrire et localiser l'information existante et d'un référentiel sémantique pour intégrer et partager la connaissance experte. Ces outils sont accessibles sur un portail Web. Le premier implémente la norme ISO 19115 relative à la gestion de métadonnées pour l'information géographique), le second s'appuie sur un modèle d'ontologie a priori qui structure l'inventaire des concepts du domaine et exprime la connaissance qui leur est associée. Les concepts spatiaux possèdent des propriétés géométriques qui permettent leurs représentations cartographiques géoréférencées et des relations spatiales normalisées d'après les travaux de l'Open Gis Consortium. Le référentiel sémantique sert pour le contrôle de la valuation d'éléments clés du service de métadonnées, en particulier les éléments de descriptions thématique et spatiale (avec une interface cartographique). Le gain en qualité d'indexation améliore la localisation d'information. Le détail du référentiel est consultable sous la forme d'une base terminologique, d'un réseau sémantique et d'un atlas cartographique (basé la norme relative aux Web Mapping Service de l'OGC) dans le cas des concepts spatiaux. De tels systèmes distribués sont capables d'interopérer et partager les métadonnées, l'information géographique, ou les concepts qu'ils hébergent.
Mots-clés : métadonnées, partage de l'information, partage de la connaissance, ontologie a priori,
information géographique, gestion intégrée de la zone côtière, SIG.
Karmacharya, Ashish. „Intégration d'une couche spatiale dans l'architecture du Web sémantique : une proposition via la plateforme ArchaeoKM“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638602.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKergosien, Eric. „Point de vue ontologique de fonds documentaires territorialisés indexés“. Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720439.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousseaux, Francis. „Contribution à une méthodologie d'acquisition des connaissances pour l'ingénierie des Systèmes d'Information et de Communication : l'exemple de CHEOPS pour l'aide à la gestion de crises collectives à caractère géopolitique — l'hypothèse d'un niveau des valeurs par delà le niveau des connaissances“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00417588.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUn certain nombre de paradoxes doivent être dépassés pour mener à bien la réalisation d'un SIC coopératif et une démarche incrémentale s'impose, tant pour organiser une architecture SIC de type structure d'accueil d'outils informatiques, que pour dégager des spécifications fonctionnelles et ergonomiques, ou encore pour structurer une ontologie du domaine applicatif et un modèle de coopération multi-agents. Sur ce sujet, l'argumentation industrielle rejoint l'argumentation scientifique, et s'exprime à travers la dialectique offre/demande du marché des SIC, étendue aux applications civiles comme la gestion des risques industriels et la protection de l'environnement, ainsi qu'à travers le besoin de capitaliser le savoir-faire souvent artisanal des chefs de projet SIC.
Le projet CHEOPS, engagé à partir de 1991 dans le milieu industriel pour dégager un état de l'art et des axes de progrès pour les SIC, a conduit à élaborer une méthode de conduite de projets SIC, à définir une architecture incrémentale de souche applicative pour les SIC, à expliciter une ontologie du domaine de l'aide à la gestion de crises collectives à caractère géographique, et à jeter les bases d'un programme de recherche transdisciplinaire sur la coopération multi-agents dans les SIC, impliquant des industriels et des universitaires.
Pour cela une hypothèse a été formulée, qui prolonge l'hypothèse dite du Knowledge Level énoncée par Alan Newell en 1982 pour modéliser des connaissances exploitables à la fois par un agent rationnel et par une machine symbolique. Cette hypothèse, proposée sous l'appellation d'hypothèse du niveau des valeurs communes, permettrait de modéliser l'être essentiel d'un Titan Immanent personnifiant un collectif social (tout droit venu du mythe ancestral), de façon exploitable par un collectif d'agents humains ou artificiels idéalement rationnels. Une expression au niveau des valeurs communes s'exprimerait notamment au niveau des connaissances par des modèles de coopérations multi-agents, permettant en quelque sorte l'incarnation sociale du Titan.