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Dharma, Fernando, Wilson Novarino und Jabang Nurdin. „Sumatran Hornbills in Fragmented Forest Areas in Oil Pam Plantation in South Solok, West Sumatra“. Sarawak Museum Journal LXXIX, Nr. 100 (01.12.2018): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61507/smj22-2018-ft1q-12.
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A study on hornbill populations in fragmented forest areas within oil palm plantations in Tidar Kerinci Agung (TKA) Company, West Sumatra was carried out from July to August 2015 in 60 Hectare fragmented forest areas. The objective of this study was to document hornbill species richness using the transect method on three main lines along two km and using call recognition for population census of hornbill. During the study, we recorded 82 individuals of eight species after 60 km walk. We encountered using two methods (Sighting and Calls Methods); Anorrhinus galeritus twenty-one encounters, Berenicornis comatus single encounter, Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus two encounters, Rhyticeros undulatus two encounters, Anthracoceros malayanus sixteen encounters, Anthracoceros albirostris seven encounters, Buceros rhinoceros thirty-one encounters and two encounters of Rhinoplax vigil.
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Glover, Nick W., und David F. Dickins. „Response Plans for Arctic Oil and Ice Encounters“. International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-639.
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ABSTRACT Ice conditions, in dynamic stages of development and degradation, are present for over 280 days out of every calendar year in the Beaufort Sea adjacent to the operating oilfields on the Alaskan North Slope. Additionally, wind driven ice invasions during the open water season, July through September typically, may also occur for short periods throughout the season. This presence combined with extreme arctic conditions routinely presents a challenge to mounting a safe and effective oil spill response action. In order to overcome this challenge responders must develop response action plans not only with an understanding of the physical environment but also with a basic understanding of the effect this environment will have on the fate and behavior of the spilled oil. Arctic spill response strategies, worldwide, have been developed through years of experience with both offshore and onshore drilling and production operations in all types of sea and ice conditions. North Slope response action plans are based on this experience, intense field training, and ground truthing of related research and development projects.
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Fuglem, Mark, Ian Jordaan und Greg Crocker. „Iceberg – structure interaction probabilities for design“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, Nr. 1 (01.02.1996): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-024.
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When designing systems to operate in regions through which icebergs travel, one of the first inputs of interest is the expected numbers of encounters with icebergs. In this paper, geometric solutions are presented for a cylindrical gravity-based structure, a floating production vessel, and a cargo vessel. The required inputs are the average areal density of icebergs, the average iceberg water line length, and the average iceberg drift velocity. Example calculations are presented for the Grand Banks region off Canada's east coast. Key words: iceberg, encounter, probability, risk, design, oil, production, Grand Banks, structure, tanker.
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Reeves, Randall R., Phillip J. Clapham und Sara E. Wetmore. „Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) occurrence near the Cape Verde Islands, based on American 19th century whaling records“. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 4, Nr. 3 (11.05.2023): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v4i3.836.
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American 19th century whalers often passed through the Cape Verde Islands (CVI) during the boreal winter and some of them spent a few weeks or months hunting humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the bays and near-shore waters of the archipelago. Logbooks were examined from 26 voyages that involved some humpback whaling at the CVI, and information was obtained from various sources on approximately 77 additional voyages that definitely or probably humpbacked there. Twenty of the logbooks contained 396 records of an estimated 1,105 humpback whale encounters (catches, strikes and sightings). The largest estimated numbers of encounters and most of the whaling activity were around the islands of Sal, São Vicente and São Nicolau (272, 269 and 229 encounters, respectively). The peak month for humpback whale occurrence in the region appears to have been March (160 records of an estimated 465 whale encounters), with many records from February (110 records of 282 encounters) and April (86 records of 258 encounters). Catch data from the logbooks were combined with commercial data on landings of oil and reported vessel positions to estimate numbers of humpback whales taken in the CVI by the American fleet. Results suggest that American whaling for humpback whales was most intensive in the Cape Verdes during the 1850s and 1860s when at least a few hundred and perhaps more than 500 whales were killed in at least 45 and perhaps more than 80 vessel-seasons. In many respects, the Cape Verdes fishery was similar to that in the West Indies, with cows and calves frequently taken and a similar seasonal peak in whale occurrence. A crude analysis of encounter rates suggests that humpback whale density in the CVI was comparable to that in the major West Indies grounds, a situation that is clearly not the case today.
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Câmara, A. S., F. C. Ferreira, J. E. Fialho und E. Nobre. „Pictorial Simulation Applied to Water Quality Modeling“. Water Science and Technology 24, Nr. 6 (01.09.1991): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0166.
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Pictorial simulation models considering pictorial entities and operations are introduced. Pictorial entities are defined by their shape, size, color and position. Pictorial operators include reproduction (copy of a pictorial entity), mutation (expansion, rotation, translation, change in color), fertile encounters (intersection, reunion) and sterile encounters (absorption). Pictorial simulation is applied to two water quality management problems to illustrate its potential applications: oil spill accidents and waste stabilization ponds ecology. Future developments tied to cellular automata modeling are also discussed.
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Rusiecki, Jennifer, Melannie Alexander, Erica G. Schwartz, Li Wang, Laura Weems, John Barrett, Kate Christenbury, David Johndrow, Renée H. Funk und Lawrence S. Engel. „The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study“. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, Nr. 3 (12.09.2017): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104343.
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ObjectivesLong-term studies of oil spill responders are urgently needed as oil spills continue to occur. To this end, we established the prospective Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil Spill Coast Guard Cohort study.MethodsDWH oil spill responders (n=8696) and non-responders (n=44 823) who were members of the US Coast Guard (20 April–17 December 2010) were included. This cohort uses both prospective, objective health data from military medical encounters and cross-sectional survey data. Here, we describe the cohort, present adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) estimating cross-sectional associations between crude oil exposure (none, low/medium, high) and acute physical symptoms, and present adjusted relative risks (RRs) based on longitudinal medical encounter data (2010–2012) for responders/non-responders and responders exposed/not exposed to crude oil.ResultsResponders and non-responders in this large cohort (n=53 519) have similar characteristics. Crude oil exposure was reported by >50% of responders. We found statistically significant associations for crude oil exposure with coughing (PRhigh=1.78), shortness of breath (PRhigh=2.30), wheezing (PRhigh=2.32), headaches (PRhigh=1.46), light-headedness/dizziness (PRhigh=1.96), skin rash/itching (PRhigh=1.87), diarrhoea (PRhigh=1.76), stomach pain (PRhigh=1.67), nausea/vomiting (PRhigh=1.48) and painful/burning urination (PRhigh=2.89) during deployment. Longitudinal analyses revealed that responders had elevated RRs for dermal conditions (RR=1.09), as did oil-exposed responders for chronic respiratory conditions (RR=1.32), asthma (RR=1.83) and dermal conditions (RR=1.21).ConclusionsWe found positive associations between crude oil exposure and various acute physical symptoms among responders, as well as longer term health effects. This cohort is well positioned to evaluate both short-term and long-term effects of oil spill exposures using both self-reported and clinical health data.
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Asamoah-Gyadu, J. „‘Function to Function’: Reinventing the Oil of Influence in African Pentecostalism“. Journal of Pentecostal Theology 13, Nr. 2 (2005): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0966736905053249.
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AbstractThis paper explores the practices, teachings, positive benefits, problematic aspects and perils associated with anointing with oil in recent African Pentecostal/charismatic ministries and churches. With particular focus upon the author’s first-hand encounters with these phenomena in Ghana and Nigeria, various anointing practices and teachings are commended and critiqued in terms of biblical precedents and sacramental theological insights.
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Mohd Aszwan Jimal, Nur Aqilah Mohamad, Ahmad Razani Haron, Pungut Ibrahim, Herwansyah Lago, Chai Chang Yii, Hazlihan Haris, Hazwan Horace, Markus Diantoro und Megat Muhammad Ikhsan Megat Hasnan. „Investigation Seebeck Effect of Industrial High Voltage Transformer Oil Towards Industrial Insulator Oil Condition Detection“. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 115, Nr. 1 (31.03.2024): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.115.1.131140.
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Transformer oil serves as the main dielectric and interacts with solid insulation, encounters the environment, and conveys a lot of information. However, undesirable contamination of transformer oil like water or moisture in the transformer oil will reduce the transformer's effectiveness. This study is the first investigation of the potential of using the thermoelectric effect for transformer oil condition testing towards high voltage insulator oil condition detection. This study has found that the used oil sample with various percentages of water content produced a different Seebeck coefficient which shows the potential of using the thermoelectric effect as a simple, cheap, and versatile method to test industrial oil insulator conditions. The results of the Seebeck coefficient for each condition are 0.0003 mV/K (original), 0.0107 mV/K (4 % of water added), and 0.0131 mV/K (40 % of water added), respectively. The industrial oil shows different Seebeck magnitude between oil before and after thermal aging which show a significant decrease of Seebeck magnitude of the industrial oil insulator with an increase of thermal ageing.
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Bovensiepen, Judith. „Can Oil Speak? On the Production of Ontological Difference and Ambivalence in Extractive Encounters“. Anthropological Quarterly 94, Nr. 1 (2021): 33–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2021.0013.
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Chowdary, Gunnam Anjany. „Comparative evaluation of various herbal agents for the disinfection of guttapercha cones – An in vitro study“. IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 8, Nr. 2 (15.05.2023): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2023.016.
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In clinical practice, the dentist often encounters with the problem of post obturation infection, one possible reason for this could be the introduction of contaminated G.P into the root canal space. Herbal agents are gaining popularity these days as they are natural alternatives and are economical. So herbal agents like PanchaTulasi, Ozonated olive oil and Lemon grass oil are selected as experimental chair side disinfectants as GP cannot be sterilized owing to its inherent properties. The estimated sample size was 45 and they are grouped and artificially contaminated with E faecalis and S aureus and treated with respective disinfectants followed by incubation and checked for their efficacy using a digital microbiological colony counter. Lemon grass oil was found to be the most effective in both the groups followed by Panchatulasi in S aureus group and ozonated olive oil in E faecalis group.
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Garnov, A. P., V. Yu Garnova und N. P. Tishkina. „Trends in the Development of Oil and Gas Complex“. Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Nr. 6 (12.12.2019): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2019-6-108-115.
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The home oil and gas complex plays an important role in Russian economy. The article deals with finding the key trends in the development of oil and gas complex and analyzing the acute challenges facing oil and gas enterprises. The authors came to the conclusion that in today’s conditions the oil and gas complex encounters severe competition on global market due to high volatility of oil prices and growth in extraction cost. The complicated macro-economic situation caused the shortage of finance. In the coming decade the distribution of different power resource consumption will considerably change. To secure their competitiveness enterprises of the oil and gas complex should revise strategies of positioning on power resource market. The authors propose to use three possible ways of developing oil and gas companies: to extract mineral resources at max rate, to diversify, to start development of renewable sources of power. Irrespective of the selected way of development oil and gas companies should watch closely the three important aspects: reforming the portfolio structure focusing on strengths and new fields of growth, introducing digital technologies and attracting competent experts.
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Bovensiepen, Judith. „On the banality of wilful blindness: Ignorance and affect in extractive encounters“. Critique of Anthropology 40, Nr. 4 (12.10.2020): 490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959426.
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Research on strategic ignorance tends to focus on the deliberate manufacture of non-knowledge as a tool of governance. In contrast, this article highlights the ‘banal’ workings of wilful blindness, how it can become a normalised part of corporate routine. It examines the diverse dynamics of wilful blindness that became visible in the planning and implementation of a mega oil development project in Timor-Leste, including spatial distancing, denial of moral implications, and the production of effervescent moments of collective solidarity. It concludes that affective states are key in the normalisation of wilful blindness, which operates at the unstable boundary between intention and affect. An emphasis on wilful blindness helps us to bridge the gap between political economy approaches that emphasise the disruptive impact of resource abundance, on the one hand, and anthropological approaches that highlight the social logics and ethical evaluations of main actors involved, on the other.
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López-Castro, Jose Antonio, und Juan Antonio Parrilla-González. „Marketing Strategies for Olive Oil: A Supply-Side Perspective from Spain“. Businesses 4, Nr. 4 (12.10.2024): 553–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/businesses4040033.
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Olive oil, a staple of the Mediterranean diet, encounters substantial commercial obstacles in Spain and other olive oil-producing nations. Historically, these obstacles have been examined from a consumer demand standpoint, focusing on aspects such as quality enhancement, pricing issues, and consumer awareness deficiencies. This study shifts the focus to the supply-side perspective, providing novel insights into the factors affecting the marketing and sale of olive oil. To investigate these factors, a comprehensive consultation with an expert panel consisting of industry leaders from olive oil mills was conducted. These experts evaluated 13 critical factors identified through a literature review and their practical experience. The findings from this panel offer immediate practical applications, emphasizing the importance of marketing strategies, professionalization, internationalization, and the utilization of social networks and e-commerce in driving olive oil sales. The implications of these findings suggest that companies must restructure to become more professional and market-oriented to navigate and surmount the traditional commercial barriers in the olive oil industry. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the supply-side dynamics influencing the marketing and sale of olive oil in the Spanish context and beyond.
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Ahmad, Paiman Ramazan. „The Politics of Oil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq“. Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 17, Nr. 3 (31.12.2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.3.1.
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This research is aimed at identifying the role of petroleum revenues in the Kurdistan Region for better economic efficiency and sovereignty of the Kurdistan Region in the future. This study identifies some root causes of deficiency of revenue usage generally, as well as specific causes in the Kurdistan Region. Further, the study looks at the various factors that affect oil production in the Kurdistan Region and compares it to the Federal Government. This study seeks to show how the Kurdistan Region generates the oil reserves regionally, despite the difficulties it encounters with the Federal Government due to the constitutional ambiguity. The research analysis concludes the importance of energy efficiency for the Kurdistan Region both economically and politically.
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Elfaki, Mohamed, Mohammad Shakir Nasif und Masdi Muhammad. „Effect of Changing Crude Oil Grade on Slug Characteristics and Flow Induced Mechanical Stresses in Pipes“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 11 (04.06.2021): 5215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115215.
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Slug multiphase flow is known to be the most prevalent regime because of its extensive encounters associated with chaotic behaviour, complexity and instability that cause significant fluctuations in operating conditions and thus lead to undesirable effects. In this study, the effect of varying crude oil grades on slug characteristics is numerically investigated. A partitioned one-way coupling framework of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) one-way coupling framework is adopted to investigate the influence of changing oil grades and slug characteristics on the maximum induced stresses in horizontal carbon steel pipe. It was found that increasing crude oil density causes frequent slugging and promotes the formation of liquid slugs further upstream near the inlet with high translational velocity and short wavelength. Therefore, the maximum induced stresses resulting from the interaction between slugs and the inner surface of pipes are strongly dependent on crude oil grade. In modelling extra heavy crude oil, a 40% increase in maximum induced stresses is recorded when the liquid superficial velocity decreases from 1 to 0.86 m/s at a constant natural gas superficial velocity.
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Rizali, Akhmad, Toto Himawan, Ima Fitriani, Bambang Tri Rahardjo, Sri Karindah, Retno Dyah Puspitarini und Bandung Sahari. „EFFECT OF NATURAL HABITAT ON DIVERSITY OF HEMIPTERAN PREDATOR IN OIL PALM PLANTATION“. JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 18, Nr. 1 (14.11.2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11875-82.
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Effect of Natural Habitat on Diversity of Hemipteran Predator in Oil Palm Plantation. Utillization of natural enemies in controlling oil palm pests still encounters obstacles, in particular, how natural enemies can survive and establish in oil palm plantations. The existence of natural habitats around oil palm plantations can allegedly support the occurence of natural enemies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the presence of natural habitats on diversity of hemipteran predators in oil palm plantations. Field research was conducted in oil palm plantations located in Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan. The plots were oil palm plantations with different distances from natural habitat i.e. near (less than 200 m), medium (about 2 km) and far (about 5 km). Each plot was selected six trees for fogging using insecticide with active ingredient lamda cyhalothrin. Based on research result, diversity of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantion was found 19 species belong to 2 families. The most dominant hemipteran predator was Sycanus sp., Eocanthecona sp. and Reduviidae sp5. The distance of oil palm plantation from natural habitat did not affect species richness, abundance and composition as well as recolonization of hemipteran predator in oil palm plantation. Abundance of hemipteran predator tend to decrease in different observation time, except Sycanus sp. Sycanus sp was likely has ability to rapidly recolonized and their occurrence were influenced by flowering vegetation in oil palm plantation.
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Manova, Dariya. „Ölbrand. : Zerstörungsphantasien aus den frühen Tagen der Petroleumindustrie“. Zeitschrift für Germanistik 31, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92168_122.
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Abstract Der Artikel rekonstruiert die frühen Berührungen der deutschen Literatur mit der in den 1860er Jahren in den USA entstandenen Erdölindustrie sowie die reaktionären Imaginationen ihrer baldigen spektakulären Zerstörung. Wie sich das Verhältnis zwischen Abenteuer, Erdöl und Ölbrand, Literatur, Rohstoff und Spekulationskritik entwickelt, wird anhand von Friedrich Gerstäckers Berichten und seiner Erzählung Im Petroleum, den frühen Erzählungen Karl Mays und einem Ausblick auf die Literatur der Zwischenkriegszeit nachgezeichnet.The article reconstructs the early encounters of German literature with the emerging oil industry in the USA around 1860 and the reactionary literary imagination of an early and spectacular downfall of this foreign industry. I examine the interchanging relation between adventure, oil, and oil catastrophe, literature, resources, and the critique of speculation in travelogues and short stories by Friedrich Gerstäcker and Karl May, as well as by a short outlook on the literature of the Interwar period.
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Manova, Dariya. „Ölbrand. : Zerstörungsphantasien aus den frühen Tagen der Petroleumindustrie“. Zeitschrift für Germanistik 31, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92168_122.
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Abstract Der Artikel rekonstruiert die frühen Berührungen der deutschen Literatur mit der in den 1860er Jahren in den USA entstandenen Erdölindustrie sowie die reaktionären Imaginationen ihrer baldigen spektakulären Zerstörung. Wie sich das Verhältnis zwischen Abenteuer, Erdöl und Ölbrand, Literatur, Rohstoff und Spekulationskritik entwickelt, wird anhand von Friedrich Gerstäckers Berichten und seiner Erzählung Im Petroleum, den frühen Erzählungen Karl Mays und einem Ausblick auf die Literatur der Zwischenkriegszeit nachgezeichnet.The article reconstructs the early encounters of German literature with the emerging oil industry in the USA around 1860 and the reactionary literary imagination of an early and spectacular downfall of this foreign industry. I examine the interchanging relation between adventure, oil, and oil catastrophe, literature, resources, and the critique of speculation in travelogues and short stories by Friedrich Gerstäcker and Karl May, as well as by a short outlook on the literature of the Interwar period.
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Baderestani, Hossein, Heshmat Amirzadeh und Javad Banavi. „The Field Scale Investigation of Water Coning Phenomenon“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (Februar 2012): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.319.
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The study of water coning phenomenon has gained wide interest in petroleum industry during the last few decades and poses a challenge for hydrocarbon production. The simultaneous production of water and oil causes lots of negative effects on the reservoir performance such as significant reduction in oil recovery, corrosion, the cost of oil and water separation, environmental pollutions, and etc. Hence investigation of water coning and finding some solutions seems highly noticeable. For that, we model one of the Norwegian reservoirs which encounters water coning problem by using a black oil simulator. Additionally, since it is not well-matched with its observation data, by the use of SimOpt software, a reasonable match between the simulated and observed data were achieved. After achieving a reasonable match between the observed and simulated data in SimOpt, by the use of ECLIPSE 100 software various scenarios are investigated. Controlling the oil production rate, controlling the field water cut, and the effect of different well completions are different factors whose influences over the water coning phenomenon are examined. Finally, the following solutions are suggested: the varied production rate, field water cut in the range of 0.1 to 0.2, and the open-hole completion.
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Xie, Qichao, Peng Song, Likun Cao, Jian Shi, Weiguo Yang, Muhammad Adil Abdullah, Jiabang Song und Haiyang Yu. „Investigation of Key Controlling Factors and Applicability Boundaries of Natural Gas Injection for Shale Oil Development: A Case Study of Chang 7 Reservoir, Ordos Basin, China“. Energies 16, Nr. 21 (31.10.2023): 7377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16217377.
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The development of shale oil often encounters a series of challenges, such as insufficient natural energy, rapid declines in production, and low oil recovery. Given its wide availability and low cost, natural gas serves as an ideal injection medium to enhance shale oil recovery. Based on the foundational data from Chang 7 block X in the Ordos Basin and considering the influence of reservoir stress sensitivity, this study uses numerical simulation methods in conjunction with the random forest algorithm to examine gas flooding in shale oil. This research aims to identify the key factors influencing the effectiveness of natural gas flooding for shale oil and to establish a chart for the adaptive natural gas flooding development boundary. The findings suggest that, for reservoirs with permeability less than 0.2 × 10−3 μm2 and oil saturation below 55%, it is advisable to adopt longer fracture lengths during hydraulic fracturing to achieve better development results. After 10 years of gas flooding, continuing the use of this method is not recommended, and adjusting of the development strategy becomes essential. For extended development periods, avoiding long-length fractures is crucial to mitigate gas channeling and ensure the effectiveness of the development process. This study offers theoretical guidance and technical support for developing shale reservoirs with natural gas flooding.
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Giatropoulos, Athanasios, Romeo Bellini, Dionysios T. Pavlopoulos, George Balatsos, Vasileios Karras, Fotis Mourafetis, Dimitrios P. Papachristos et al. „Efficacy Evaluation of Oregano Essential Oil Mixed with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and Diflubenzuron against Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in Road Drains of Italy“. Insects 13, Nr. 11 (25.10.2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13110977.
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Mosquito management programs in the urban environment of Italian cities mainly rely on larval control with conventional insecticides, primarily targeting the road drains that constitute the principal mosquito breeding sites encountered in public. The repeated utilization of synthetic insecticides may have adverse effects on non-targets and lead to resistance development issues, while the performance of biopesticides encounters limitations in field use. Botanical insecticides as single larval control agents or in binary mixtures with conventional insecticides have been extensively studied in the laboratory as an effective and eco-friendly alternative mosquito control method with promising results. The study herein concerns the investigation, for the first time under realistic conditions in the field, of the joint action of a carvacrol-rich oregano Essential Oil (EO) with two conventional insecticides, namely, the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron and the bio-insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.), in road drains in Crevalcore city, Italy, against Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. According to the obtained results, the application of both plain EO and its mixtures with diflubenzuron and B.t.i. exerted very high efficacy in terms of immature mosquito population reduction over a two-week period. Three weeks after treatment, the performance of the oil and its mixtures diminished but remained high, while the addition of diflubenzuron potentiated the persistent action of the oil against Cx. pipiens. These findings are indicative of the potential of mixing carvacrol-rich EO with diflubenzuron and B.t.i. as an efficient eco-friendly alternative to mono-insecticide applications in road drains against Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus larvae.
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Waloyo, Hery Tri, Agus Mujianto und Richie Feriyanto. „Tensile Strength Prediction of Empty Palm Oil Bunch Fiber Composite with Artificial Neural Network“. Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 9, Nr. 2 (21.11.2024): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v9i2.35619.
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As the leading global producer of palm oil, Indonesia encounters substantial environmental challenges arising from the waste generated by empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB). This research aims to develop an accurate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model to predict the tensile strength of EPOFB fiber-reinforced composites. The method involves two types of ANN, namely Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Backpropagation, with testing using variations in immersion time, volume fraction, and length of EPOFB fibers. The research results show that both ANN models can predict tensile strength with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) below 10%. However, the Backpropagation ANN shows superior performance with a training MAE of 0.0078 and a testing MAE of 0.45, compared to the RBF ANN, which has a training MAE of 0.371 and a testing MAE of 0.53. In conclusion, ANN Backpropagation is superior in prediction accuracy and characterization efficiency of EFB fiber-reinforced composites, offering an economical solution and supporting sustainable palm oil waste management.
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Altwaiji, Mubarak. „American Orientalist Discourse: the Linguistic Formation and Transformation“. International Journal of English Linguistics 9, Nr. 1 (31.12.2018): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n1p261.
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The Middle East region had been the epicentre of American orientalist discourse since the American independence from Britain. After independence, American linguists, travellers, missionaries, politicians, sailors and traders scrutinized the anarchy and uncertainty of that region and employed them to produce works that prioritized American identity formation. This research rests on conducting an analysis of how American orientalism was created and how the various encounters between Arabs and America affected the linguistic course of this academia. This study considers the major encounters in the course of Arab-America relationship that brought major transformations to orientalism such as: the Barbary war, the creation of Israel, oil and terrorism. Since the American independence, American orientalism focused on building American identity in comparison with Arabs and their practices. Modern American orientalism has undergone various and huge transformations resulted mostly from formidable threats to American interests and the American retaliations to those threats. These encounters, whether political, economic or military, brought representation of Arabs to the top of American orientalist agenda and left a huge impact on image of Arabs in literature. Therefore, this study is based on the analysis of these different factors in order to know the different perspectives of this orientalism through its different stages.
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Fitri, IK, Sutrisno und Samsudin. „Seed coating formula made from plant-based fungicide to maintain the quality of cocoa seeds (Theobroma cacao L.)“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1386, Nr. 1 (01.08.2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1386/1/012008.
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Abstract Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the largest commodities in Indonesia and is a very important commodity in world trade. Providing cacao seeds in the form of beans for rootstock often encounters problems, because they have a short shelf life and are easily contaminated by fungus, so they require proper handling. This research aims to analyze the effect of using seed coating made with a combination of several plant-based fungicides on the quality of cacao seeds. Forastero cacao beans with an average moisture content above 30% were used as research material. Seed coating solution made from pectin, with a combination of 3% and 5% each of citronella oil, clove oil, and nutmeg oil. Seed coating was applied using the dipping method once for five minutes. The research results showed that the combination of pectin and plant-based fungicides affected maintaining the quality of cacao seeds, i.e., minimizing contaminants, moisture content losses, seeds germinating at storage, rotted seeds at storage, and germination rate. From all six seed coating solutions investigated, seed coating with a combination of pectin and 5% nutmeg oil is the best one to maintain the quality of cacao seeds.
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Semen, Podoinitsyn, Terentiev Sergei, Nazirov Seiid und Uliashev Vladislav. „Improving mining development modelling based on the thermal methods“. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 5 (20.10.2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2022-5-88-99.
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Introduction. The problem of oil recovery growth and oil reserves management improvement in active oil fields is growing annually. It is possible to increase oil recovery and improve oil reserves management by introducing the thermal methods of oil production. This method was applied at the Yarega oil field. The thermal mining development technology is currently being implemented at the Yarega territory on an industrial scale. Lyael territory is developed by SAGD technology. Heat capacity and thermal conductivity are crucial characteristics of rocks. Reference books and databases lack reliable data on sedimentary rocks thermal properties. The traditional experimental base of thermal petrophysics cannot provide representative information on the thermal properties of rocks, considering rock heterogeneity and anisotropy, various fluid saturation, and pressure and temperature fluctuations. Results. According to special petrophysical studies of the Yarega highly viscous oil field core, ambiguity has been revealed in the thermal properties of rocks, including anisotropy, heat capacity and thermal conductivity. When applying laboratory results in modeling, divergence in oil production and cumulative steam oil ratio can reach 60%. Main ambiguity arising in the course of thermal mine development modeling has been identified. The ambiguity is associated with the account of production for a well, a large number of underground wells, and low reservoir pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure). These problems are successfully solved by specialists of the Yarega field, who maintain highly viscous oil development. At low reservoir pressures, the simulator encounters errors on low pressure values during well operation. Conclusions. At the Yarega field, permanent geological and technological model is currently actively being implemented. It is aimed at solving technological problems of ambiguity in the development of highly viscous oil by thermal methods using advanced software.
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Olujobi, Olusola Joshua, Elizabeta Smaranda Olarinde und Tunde Ebenezer Yebisi. „The Conundrums of Illicit Crude Oil Refineries in Nigeria and Its Debilitating Effects on Nigeria’s Economy: A Legal Approach“. Energies 15, Nr. 17 (25.08.2022): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176197.
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Nigeria’s oil industry encounters crude oil theft in commercial quantities, which is often exported to neighbouring countries. This has occasioned a loss of revenue and has caused environmental pollution due to oil spillages. There is a need for a stringent legal framework to combat the menace caused by incessant crude oil thefts, pipeline vandalisation by militants, and inadequate maintenance of existing crude oil refineries. The study adopts doctrinal legal research methods and a conceptual approach with the consideration of primary and secondary sources of law, for instance, the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, the Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI Act 2007, International Conventions, law textbooks and peer-reviewed journals. The justification for using the method was to establish the trustworthiness of the findings on illicit crude oil refineries. The findings reveal that the Nigerian government has lost more than 150,000 barrels of crude oil daily valued at USD six billion as a result of crude oil theft. This has reduced oil revenues, which ought to have added to the national treasury. The Petroleum Production and Distribution (Anti-Sabotage Act) 2007, which proscribes disruption of petroleum products in Nigeria, has not been diligently enforced. There is also an absence of a specific oil and gas legal framework criminalising crude oil theft. Section 3(e)(f)(iv) of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps Act only offers pipeline security as one of the functions of the corps, without distinctly stating the penalties to be imposed on those damaging crude oil pipelines. The study designs a hybrid model for the renovation of the country’s crude oil refineries. It also advocates the need to redefine legal regimes on illegal oil refineries by amending the Petroleum Industry Act to include specifically illegal oil refineries provision and to effectively criminalise crude oil theft. The implications of the main results are as follows: criminalising crude oil theft and pipeline vandalisation with vigorous punishments will serve as deterrence to others in the sector, increase revenues for the government and reduce environmental pollution.
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Zhou, Hao, Kangtai Li, Zhiyu Qin, Shengsheng Wang, Xuezhen Wang und Fengyun Sun. „Discrete Element Model of Oil Peony Seeds and the Calibration of Its Parameters“. Agriculture 14, Nr. 7 (06.07.2024): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14071092.
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Abstract: Oil peony is an important oil crop that is primarily sown by using artificial methods at present. Its seeder encounters the problems of low efficiency of seeding that significantly limits the highly efficient mechanized production of high-quality peony oil. In this study, Fengdan white oil peony seeds were used as the research object and repose angle as the response value to establish a discrete element model (DEM) and parameter calibration. The range of parameters of oil peony seeds was first obtained through an experiment, and their repose angle was obtained by an inclinometer. A three-dimensional DEM of oil peony seeds was then established. The Plackett–Burman (PB) test was utilized to screen the parameters that had a significant influence on the repose angle, and the steepest ascent (SA) test was applied to determine their optimum range of testing. Following this, based on Box–Behnken (BBD) test results, a second-order regression model between the important parameters and the repose angle was constructed. Finally, the absolute minimum difference between simulated and measured repose angles was utilized as the objective of optimization to obtain the following optimum combination of parameters: The values of the seed–steel collision recovery coefficient (CRC), seed–seed static friction coefficient (SFC), seed–steel SFC, and seed–seed rolling friction coefficient (RFC) were 0.704, 0.324, 0.335, and 0.045, respectively. This optimal combination of parameters was confirmed through simulations, and the error between simulated and measured repose angles was only 0.67%, indicating that the calibrated DEM of oil peony seeds was reliable.
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Chao, Sophie. „Spent Earth“. Critical Times 6, Nr. 2 (01.08.2023): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-10436987.
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Abstract This essay considers the multiscalar manifestations of loss and the destruction of loss through the material-semiotic figure of “spent earth,” a toxic waste by-product generated by the industrial bleaching of crude oils into edible oils. Drawing on two distinct encounters with spent earth in the Indonesian palm oil sector, the essay reflects on the substance's unevenly distributed effects across peoples, places, and generations; its association with visions of purity and realities of complicity; and the importance of attending to loss through both its situated, localized manifestations and its partial connections across sites, scales, and subjects.
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Guerrero-Sanchez, Sergio, Benoit Goossens, Silvester Saimin und Pablo Orozco-terWengel. „The critical role of natural forest as refugium for generalist species in oil palm-dominated landscapes“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 10 (06.10.2021): e0257814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257814.
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In Borneo, oil palm plantations have replaced much of natural resources, where generalist species tend to be the principal beneficiaries, due to the abundant food provided by oil palm plantations. Here, we analyse the distribution of the Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) population within an oil palm-dominated landscape in the Kinabatangan floodplain, Malaysian Borneo. By using mark-recapture methods we estimated its population size, survival, and growth in forest and plantation habitats. We compared body measurements (i.e. body weight and body length) of individuals living in forest and oil palm habitats as proxy for the population’s health status, and used general least squares estimation models to evaluate its response to highly fragmented landscapes in the absence of intensive hunting pressures. Contrary to previous studies, the abundance of lizards was higher in the forest than in oil palm plantations. Recruitment rates were also higher in the forest, suggesting that these areas may function as a source of new individuals into the landscape. While there were no morphometric differences among plantation sites, we found significant differences among forested areas, where larger lizards were found inhabiting forest adjacent to oil palm plantations. Although abundant in food resources, the limited availability of refugia in oil palm plantations may intensify intra-specific encounters and competition, altering the body size distribution in plantation populations, contrary to what happens in the forest. We conclude that large patches of forest, around and within oil palm plantations, are essential for the dynamics of the monitor lizard population in the Kinabatangan floodplain, as well as a potential source of individuals to the landscape. We recommend assessing this effect in other generalist species, as well as the impact on the prey communities, especially to reinforce the establishment of buffer zones and corridors as a conservation strategy within plantations.
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Yu, Guojun, Sheng Jia und Yanting Geng. „Numerical Investigation into the Two-Phase Convective Heat Transfer within the Hold of an Oil Tanker Subjected to a Rolling Motion“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, Nr. 4 (03.04.2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040094.
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A crude oil tanker usually encounters a rolling motion during sea transportation, which leads to rotational movement and sometimes a sloshing of the liquid hold. This rolling-induced body motion seriously affects the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the liquid hold, which then affects the heating process and heat preservation of the tanker. Clarification of the involved thermal and hydraulic characteristics is the basic requirement for establishment of a scientific heating scheme and heat preservation method. A two-phase 3D model considering the free liquid surface and non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid was established for the thermal calculation of the liquid holds in oil tankers. The thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the liquid hold were investigated under different combinations of dimensionless parameters, and the combined effect of rolling and fluid non-Newtonian behavior was investigated. It was found that rolling intensifies the heat transfer based on the combination of the Richardson number (Ri) and the rotation-strength number (ω*), and non-Newtonian behavior of the fluid effectively affects the heat transfer in a rolling motion. This research is expected to provide a reference for design and optimization of the heating and heat preservation method for oil tanker operation.
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Sununianti, Vieronica Varbi, Arie Sujito und Heru Nugroho. „Governing the (Dis)Order: Toke and the Convergence of Artisanal Oil Mining and State Visibility in Sumur Baru“. Forest and Society 8, Nr. 1 (17.02.2024): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i1.26313.
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This article explores the question of why and how ‘illegal’ artisanal mining in the oil-rich region of Indonesia remains in place despite official bans by the central government. By taking a qualitative ethnographic study on the practice in Sumur Baru, Dusun Tue, a village in South Sumatra Province, our inquiry takes seriously the formation of resilient labor in daily encounters with state institutions. We employ a governmentality approach and show how quotidian interactions between state and community has legitimized practices of artisanal mining. Sites become relatively governable in conditions of continuous displacement through ongoing negotiations between intermediaries (Toke) with state agencies. This practice is made possible by the use of Sen Minyak or oil money that binds Toke as key representatives of the community with police and state apparatuses as disciplinary representatives of the governmental state. This study thus shows how an extractive regime emerges, shifts, and reshapes in the local political economic contexts of Indonesia’s decentralization era.
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Husni, Mochamad, und Frengki Napitupulu. „The Construction of Sustainable Palm Oil Image In Naga Naga Naga Film“. WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi 22, Nr. 2 (30.12.2023): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v22i2.3268.
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The focal subject of examination is a film that portrays the establishment of palm oil plantations, while the use of Berger-Luckmann's social construction theory serves as two key factors that emphasize the importance of this research. The film "Naga Naga Naga" narrates the tale of Nagabonar's granddaughter, who encounters educational difficulties. This research employs a descriptive-qualitative approach to elucidate the concurrent processes and dialectics of externalization, objectivation, and internalization. The researcher gathered data by conducting observations of the Naga Naga Naga film in theaters and evaluating various sequences using a subscription-based streaming platform. By employing Charles S. Peirce's semiotic approach to analyze, the finding showed that not just the underlying motivations behind the signs and meanings associated with the implementation of sustainability principles, such as environmental harmony and community care, but also identifies components of "artistic and logical narrative" that impact the process of constructing a mental representation of palm oil farms. These findings are highly valuable for formulating campaign strategies that utilize films to shape public awareness.
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Affandi, R. „Potential and role of bird diversity in various oil palm land cover of PT Selatan Agro Makmur Lestari, South Sumatra“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1243, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012010.
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Abstract The change in the development paradigm to a “green economy” requires the management of oil palm plantations (as one of the national strategic industries) to make more use of biodiversity in increasing its productivity. In addition to reducing production costs (the use of chemical fertilizers, chemical pest and weed control), optimizing the use of biodiversity in oil palm agrosystems will be able to realize the management of oil palm plantations in a sustainable and environmentally sound manner. This study aims to identify the potential for species diversity and the role of birds in oil palm plantation agrosystems. Data collection on the potential for species diversity was carried out on six types of oil palm plantation land cover at PT Selatan Agro Makmur Lestari, South Sumatra with the transect line method along 1 km with a width of 50 meters. As for the role of various types of birds in the ecosystem, a literature review is carried out. The highest number of species and individuals was found in shrubs as many as 19 species and 69 individuals. On the other hand, the lowest number of species and individuals was found in smallholder oil palm plantations-II with 6 species and 16 individuals. In terms of the number of individuals, cave swiftlet (Collocalia linchi) was the largest species with 58 individuals, while cerulean kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), pink-necked green pigeon (Treron vernans), and white-headed munia (Lonchura maja) were the species with the fewest individual encounters. (only 1 individual). Based on the literature review, the types of birds found at the research site have four ecological roles. There are insect pest controller, seed dispersers, predator, and weed controller. Further research is needed to examine more deeply the role (quantitative ecology) of each bird species in oil palm agrosystems.
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Ebrahimian, Mojtaba. „The Coup“. American Journal of Islam and Society 31, Nr. 2 (01.04.2014): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i2.1038.
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In his most recent work, The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of ModernU. S.-Iranian Relations, Ervand Abrahamian (Distinguished Professor of Iranianand Middle Eastern History, Baruch College of the City University, NewYork) recounts a definitive moment of modern Iranian history that overshadowsIranian-American relations to this day. Drawing on a remarkable varietyof sources – accessible Iranian official documents, the Foreign Office andState Department files, memoirs and biographies, newspaper articles publishedduring the crisis, recent Persian-language books published in Iran, aCIA report leaked in 2000 known as “the Wilber document,” and two contemporaryoral history projects (the Iranian Oral History Project at HarvardUniversity and the Iranian Left history project in Berlin) – the author providesa detailed and thorough account of the 1953 coup.Challenging the dominant consensus among academicians and politicalanalysts that the coup transpired because of the Cold War rivalries betweenthe West and the Soviet Union, he locates it within the paradigms of the clashbetween an old imperialism and a burgeoning nationalism. He then traces itsorigins to Iran’s struggle to nationalize its oil industry and the Anglo-Americanalliance against this effort.The book is divided into four chapters. The first chapter, “Oil Nationalization,”narrates the history of Iran’s oil industry and various encounters betweenthe Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) and the Iranians. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC), an English company founded in 1908 followingthe discovery of a large oil field in Masjed Soleiman in southern Iran, wasrenamed AIOC in 1935. AIOC gradually turned into a vital British asset andprovided its treasury with more than £24 million a year in taxes and £92 millionin foreign exchange in the first decades of the twentieth century ...
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Shi, Wenyang, Yunpeng Gong, Lei Tao, Jiajia Bai, Zhengxiao Xu, Qingjie Zhu und Yunpeng Ma. „Research for Flow Behavior of Heavy Oil by CO2 Foam Viscosity Reducer-Assisted Steam (CFVAS) Flooding: Microscopic Displacement Experiment Study“. Processes 12, Nr. 8 (28.07.2024): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081582.
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Steam displacement is prone to cross-flow, small swept area, large oil–water ratio, large oil–water interfacial tension, and low oil displacement efficiency. Compared with steam flooding, foam flooding can effectively reduce the residual oil in the small throat of the main flow channel and the small hole in the near flow channel and increase the overall recovery factor. Therefore, researchers carried out CO2 and chemical agent-assisted steam displacement. However, at present, there is a lack of research on the occurrence mechanism and model of residual oil. Steam flooding often encounters challenges such as cross-flow, limited sweep area, and high oil–water ratio. Foam flooding offers a promising alternative by effectively reducing residual oil in narrow throats and the near flow channel, thereby enhancing overall recovery rates compared to steam flooding alone. Therefore, chemical agent-assisted steam flooding was applied to enhance heavy oil recovery. However, the occurrence mechanism and model of residual oil after chemical agent-assisted steam is not clear. To fill this gap, the CO2 foam viscosity reducer assisted steam (CFVAS) flooding technology has been adopted and carried out in several studies. First, the foam viscosity reducer was prepared and its foam properties (viscosity reduction effect, foam volume, and half-life) were tested. Subsequently, the CFVAS displacement experiments after steam flooding were carried out, and the flow behavior of the remaining oil in multiple regions (main flow channel, near flow channel, and far flow channel) was analyzed. Finally, the shape and number of remaining oil under different displacement stages were compared, and the occurrence mode of remaining oil under CFVAS displacement was determined. The results indicate the following: (1) During steam flooding, the amount of near flow channel residual oil decreased with injected pore volumes (PV), transforming into columnar structures in small perforations and film-like formations in far flow channels. (2) CFVAS flooding, including the foam stability mechanism, flow channel adjustment mechanism, and emulsification and dispersion mechanism, can improve overall recovery rates by 55.2% by driving the remaining oil in near flow channels. (3) During CFVAS flooding stage, crude oil mobility notably improved and flooding front expanded more evenly. Residual oil primarily existed as oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with discontinuous columns. (4) In the CFVAS flooding stage, residual oil mainly formed O/W emulsions through emulsification and dispersion, with foam-filled large and medium pores, concentrating residual oil in thick and middle throats. This work can provide important references for injecting CO2 gas into reservoirs to enhance heavy oil recovery and promote carbon sequestration.
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Pasandi, Mokhtar, Mohsen Janmohammadi, Amin Abasi und Naser Sabaghnia. „Oil characteristics of safflower seeds under different nutrient and moisture management“. Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 17, Nr. 1 (01.07.2018): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nbec-2018-0009.
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Abstract Safflower is one of the most important oilseed crops in semi-arid regions. The soil of semi-arid areas often encounters micronutrient deficiencies. However, nutrients imbalance seems to affect the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the oil as well as plant growth. Current experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of different application practices (soil application and foliar spray) of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) on oil content, fatty acid profile and yield components of safflower under full and limited irrigations. Results showed that all of investigated traits were significantly affected by fertilizer treatment and irrigation system. The highest seed protein content was recorded for plants grown by soil application of Zn under limited irrigation condition. The highest oil content was achieved by soil application of Zn under full irrigation condition. The water deficit significantly reduced some qualitative characteristics such as oleic acid, palmitic aid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, iodine value and saponification value. The highest head number per plant, seed number per head and seed yield recorded in plants grown by soil application of Fe and Zn under full irrigation condition. Although the use of micronutrients improved qualitative characteristics in comparison with control, the best qualitative characteristics were achieved with the soil application of Zn and Fe. The elimination of micronutrient deficiencies and the balanced supply of nutrients through soil along with optimal and timely irrigation can significantly increase the efficiency of safflower production systems and improve the quality of the oil.
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Özbek, Çağla, Başak Öncel und Yüksel Özdemir. „Utilization of carob flour for mitigating oil separation issue in traditional Turkish tahini halva“. Toros University Journal of Food, Nutrition and Gastronomy 3, Nr. 1 (06.07.2024): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58625/jfng-2471.
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Tahini halva, a popular confectionery product, often encounters challenges such as oil separation and oxidation. This study investigates the potential of utilizing carob flour as a substitute for cocoa to address these issues and enhance the quality of tahini halva, especially in terms of bioactive properties and dietary fiber. Carob, abundant in the Mediterranean region, offers high nutritional value and functional benefits, making it a promising alternative. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of carob flour on the physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory characteristics of tahini halva in comparison to cocoa. Results revealed that the incorporation of carob flour effectively mitigated oil release, imparted superior antioxidant activity, and influenced the color attributes of tahini halva. Furthermore, sensory evaluation indicated comparable acceptability with control samples, with the optimal concentration of 5% carob flour yielding the most favorable outcomes. This research highlights the potential of carob flour as a functional ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile and sensory appeal of tahini halva, offering opportunities for product innovation and diversification in the confectionery industry.
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Zhang, Yong, Chao Li, Jun Li, Xiaorong Luo, Ming Cheng, Xiaoying Zhang und Bin Lu. „A New Method of Geological Modeling for the Hydrocarbon Secondary Migration Research“. Applied Sciences 15, Nr. 6 (19.03.2025): 3377. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063377.
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Reservoir geological modeling plays a crucial role in characterizing the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of subsurface reservoirs. The exploration of deep oil and gas resources is not only a global trend in the oil industry but also an inevitable choice for China to ensure energy security and achieve sustainable development in the oil and gas industry. Oil and gas exploration and development technologies have also made continuous breakthroughs, providing strong support for the sustained increase in China’s deep and ultra-deep oil and gas production. Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs exhibit high levels of heterogeneity, which are governed by the original sedimentation processes and have a significant impact on oil and gas migration and accumulation. However, traditional pixel-based stochastic reservoir modeling encounters challenges when attempting to effectively simulate multiple facies simultaneously or objects with intricate internal hierarchical architectures. To address the characterization of highly heterogeneous deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs, this study defines unit architecture bodies, such as point bars, braided rivers, and mouth bars, incorporating internal nested hierarchies. Furthermore, a novel object-based stochastic modeling method is proposed, which leverages seismic and well logging interpretation data to construct and simulate reservoir bodies. The methodology is rooted in the unit element theory. In this approach, sedimentary facies models are stochastically constructed by selecting appropriate unit elements from a database of different sedimentary environments using Sequential Indicator Simulation. The modeling process is constrained by time sequence, event, and sedimentary microfacies distributions. Additionally, the porosity and permeability of each microfacies in the reservoir model are quantitatively characterized based on statistics derived from porosity and permeability data of different strata, sedimentary microfacies, and rock facies in the study area. To demonstrate the superiority and reliability of this novel modeling method, a modeling case is presented. The case utilizes braided river unit elements as objects for the stochastic simulation of the target reservoir. The results of the case study highlight the advantages and robustness of the proposed modeling approach.
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Eka Jaya Soebirin, Maswadi und Anita Suharyani. „The Readiness of Self-Manage Oil Palm Farmers at Sekadau District in ISPO Implementation“. International Journal of Oil Palm 2, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v2i2.66.
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Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations in 2018, the tendency of expanding the acreage of self-contained oil palm plantations is continuing. It is feared that the continued expansion of land by both companies and smallholder plantations could cause natural damage and gas emissions that lead to the loss of biodiversity. This has led to a lot of criticism from various parties stating that the palm oil industry is responsible for all the risks that occur. To overcome this, the government implements a governance system (certification) for the entire palm oil industry. Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a certification system issued by Indonesian government to reduce the negative impacts of land expansion and to achieve sustainable palm oil. In its implementation in the field, the implementation of ISPO encounters several obstacles, particularly independent plantations such as difficult and complex legality issues, lack of knowledge that causes a lot of land clearing by burning and continuous land expansion. This research needs to be conducted to see the readiness of independent oil palm smallholders in implementing ISPO with descriptive methods and gap analysis. This research was conducted in Engkersik Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, the method of determining the sample was using slovin, amounting to 31 farmers. ISPO consist of 4 principles, criteria and indicators are used as variables in this study. The analysis results of all the principle show that farmers are ready with a readiness percentage of 60.9%, where each principle’s percentage of The Legality of Self-Manage Plantation is 75%, The Organization of Farmers and Management of Self-Manage Plantation is 62%, Environmental Management and Monitoring is 43%, and Continuious Business Improvement is 58%, although there are still gaps in its application. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more effective socialization and training to farmers to minimize the gap.
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Eka Jaya Soebirin, Maswadi und Anita Suharyani. „The Readiness of Self-Manage Oil Palm Farmers at Sekadau District in ISPO Implementation“. International Journal of Oil Palm 4, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v4i2.66.
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Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations in 2018, the tendency of expanding the acreage of self-contained oil palm plantations is continuing. It is feared that the continued expansion of land by both companies and smallholder plantations could cause natural damage and gas emissions that lead to the loss of biodiversity. This has led to a lot of criticism from various parties stating that the palm oil industry is responsible for all the risks that occur. To overcome this, the government implements a governance system (certification) for the entire palm oil industry. Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a certification system issued by Indonesian government to reduce the negative impacts of land expansion and to achieve sustainable palm oil. In its implementation in the field, the implementation of ISPO encounters several obstacles, particularly independent plantations such as difficult and complex legality issues, lack of knowledge that causes a lot of land clearing by burning and continuous land expansion. This research needs to be conducted to see the readiness of independent oil palm smallholders in implementing ISPO with descriptive methods and gap analysis. This research was conducted in Engkersik Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, the method of determining the sample was using slovin, amounting to 31 farmers. ISPO consist of 4 principles, criteria and indicators are used as variables in this study. The analysis results of all the principle show that farmers are ready with a readiness percentage of 60.9%, where each principle’s percentage of The Legality of Self-Manage Plantation is 75%, The Organization of Farmers and Management of Self-Manage Plantation is 62%, Environmental Management and Monitoring is 43%, and Continuious Business Improvement is 58%, although there are still gaps in its application. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more effective socialization and training to farmers to minimize the gap.
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Materka, Edyta. „Kashubians versus Global Energy Companies: A Global-Local Encounter at the Heart of Poland's Shale Gas Revolution“. Human Geography 5, Nr. 2 (Juli 2012): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861200500206.
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In 2011, Poland jumped into the ‘shale gas revolution’ with global energy companies and American geopolitical interests at its side. Poland's northern province of Pomerania, split into hundreds of shale gas exploration concessions, became known as the ‘United States of American Oil Companies’. This paper explores the global-local encounter between global energy companies and the Kashubians, an ethnic-group minority in Pomerania. It takes a multi-scalar approach to introduce the (inter) national discourses legitimating and challenging shale gas exploration as green energy policy. Then, it surveys Kashubians’ local discourses against shale gas exploration in their agrarian movement to protect ancient, ethnic lands, rural environments, agricultural livelihoods and private economic interests. A disconnect is demonstrated between the discourses on the global and local spheres of the debate. I conclude that global-local encounters are violent desecrations of the local when government institutions are too politically involved in the economic benefits of the global encroachment. Due to the failure of local representative democracy, the ‘local’ is forced to seek political networks across the spatial grid that may or may not help gain leverage in their local struggles. Lastly, postsocialist ethnographers are encouraged to link minority voices in Central and Eastern European States to the global debates.
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Mazzocato, Elisa. „Weird Ghosts of the Anthropocene: The Spectral Encounter in New Weird Fiction as a Conceptual Metaphor for Ecocritical Theory“. Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 15, Nr. 2 (30.10.2024): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2024.15.2.5368.
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In The Great Derangement, Amitav Ghosh links the reluctance of contemporary fiction to tackle the environmental crisis to the inadequacy of realism, with which Western “high” literature has been associated since the rise of the modern novel, to describe the “hyperobject” quality (Clark 140) of the Anthropocene. This paper argues that the genre labeled as New Weird, which strives to portray the Unheimlich, the eerie, or precisely the weird in our familiar reality, offers an answer to this aesthetic challenge, having found an especially powerful literary device in spectral encounters. In the works of New Weird author China Miéville, environmental concerns are often embodied by the encounter of human protagonists with the ghostly apparitions of non-human entities, from icebergs floating in the sky over London to a sunken oil platform re-emerging from the sea. A close reading of three stories from his collection Three Moments of an Explosion, “Polynia”, “Covehithe” and “Estate”, will show how Miéville’s portrayal of people’s behavior in encountering ‘weird’ spectral presences bear a specific ecological significance. This significance, which is common to many different authors of New Weird fiction, reverberates in the use of spectrality as a conceptual metaphor in contemporary ecocritical theory, thus corroborating the claim of this genre as the most productive for our historical times.
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O'neill, Brian J. „Using Microfossils in Petroleum Exploration“. Paleontological Society Papers 2 (Oktober 1996): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600003314.
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When I meet new people and they find out that I'm a paleontologist working for an oil company, the second question they ask (after “What is a paleontologist?”) is usually “Why would an oil company hire one?” Most people think of dinosaurs or, at the very least, trilobites and other invertebrate fossils when they think of paleontology. However, most of the rock samples available to those engaged in finding and developing hydrocarbon resources are in the form of “cuttings.” Cuttings (Baker, 1979) are the small pieces of rock broken up by the drill bit and brought to the surface by the fluid which lubricates the drill bit and removes the cut rock from the bottom of the drill hole. If the bit encounters dinosaur bones or clam shells, they are so broken up in the process as to be almost unusable. Microfossils on the other hand, by virtue of their small size, can be recovered whole. Microfossils also happen to be abundant, especially in marine rocks, which are the most common form of sedimentary rock in the crust of the Earth.
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Murugan, Marirajan, und M. N. Prabadevi. „Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, Autonomous Operation, Emotional Intelligence: Key Drivers of Industry 6.0 and Sustainabile Development Goals (SDG-8,9,12,17) for Business Sustainability in the Oil and Gas Industry“. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, Nr. 2 (24.01.2025): e04549. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n02.pe04549.
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Objective: The objective of the study investigates the extent to which specified programs and machines are activated and achieve business sustainability through sustainable development goals (SDG-8,9,12,17) in Industry 6.0. This report analyses the current situation from 2013 to 2024 and assesses the influence of Industry 6.0 on the oil and gas sector within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Theoretical Framework: Digital transformation progresses from Industry 5.0 to Industry 6.0 globally within the oil and gas sector, with only certain regions achieving totally autonomous operation, while the majority are endeavouring to attain such autonomy. The industrial revolution is realized through Industry 6.0, which is accomplished by implementing autonomous operations utilizing robotics, Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, machine learning (ML), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), blockchain technology, and cloud computing within the oil and gas sector. Based on the study, proposed model proposes with autonomous operation through Industry 6.0 techniques and business sustainability. Method: Researchers have gathered numerous empirical articles, case studies and book chapters to thoroughly investigate the topic and its domains. This study employs a literature review methodology, concentrating mostly on the oil and gas service industries within GCC nations. Results and Discussion: Researchers discovered that the oil and gas service industry encounters difficulties in achieving fully automated procedures devoid of human interaction Industry 6.0 will attain corporate sustainability via total autonomy. The second scenario involves artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and emotional intelligence (EI) enabling Industry 6.0 to attain favourable results. Research Implications: The research study suggests that the implementation of Industry 6.0 in the oil and gas service sector remains mostly at a conceptual stage in most areas. Originality/Value: This study contributes to engineering services in oil and gas industry, entrepreneur’s emotional intelligence and autonomous operation during the defined period were not evaluated and it added value in the engineering service sector to mitigate their issues to have better business sustainability.
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Goodwin, Mary. „An Art Historian Encounters a Hybrid Global History at Home: Alfredo Ramos Martinez’s Designs for Sacred Spaces“. Religion and the Arts 18, Nr. 1-2 (2014): 120–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-01801008.
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Southern California’s hidden treasures include two church interiors containing elements designed by Alfredo Ramos Martinez (1871–1946). This Mexican-born artist trained in France, returned to take an activist role in Mexican revolutionary culture, and migrated to the United States in 1929. For sixteen years, his talents were in demand among members of the Hollywood elite. In 1934, he produced the fresco murals at the Santa Barbara Cemetery Chapel, a jewel of Spanish Revival architecture. His images crossed over traditional boundaries between the sacred and the profane. He created odes to human rights and suffering humanity, depicting Christ and his mother as indigenous peasants with dark-skinned New World ethnicity. A decade later in 1946, Ramos sketched designs for his final projects at St. John the Evangelist Church in Los Angeles: a series of stained glass windows representing fourteen multiethnic saints as well as incomplete oil painted Stations of the Cross that recall his earlier pictures of suffering humanity. The architectural setting—a modernist church with stripped-down forms and materials of concrete, steel, and neon—announces a radically transformed post-war industrial culture. The contrast of these two aesthetics, the Spanish Revival and the modernist, demonstrates an evolution in liturgical forms as Californians came to grips with global migrations and an evolving modernist identity.
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Laksmitha, N. „Diversity and potential role of mammals in oil palm agroecosystem (case study in PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan)“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1243, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012006.
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Abstract The palm oil industry as the mainstay sector is still accused of being unsustainable due to the high use of chemicals as fertilizer and pest control. These inefficiencies can cause environmental damage and increase production costs. Based on these problems, it is necessary to optimize the role of biodiversity to increase oil palm productivity. This study aims to identify the diversity of mammals in several types of land cover and to analyze the role of mammals in the oil palm agroecosystem. This research was carried out on 6 types of land cover at PT Permata Sawit Mandiri, West Kalimantan in January–April 2020. Diversity data was obtained using a combination of line transects and observation points, while role data was obtained through literature study. The transect method used measuring 100 × 1000 meters is one for each type of land cover. The observations were made in the morning (06.00-08.00) and afternoon (15.30-17.30) for three repetitions each time. The results showed that there were 60 individuals from 11 species belonging to 6 families. The highest number of encounters and species variation was found in HG land cover. Mammals are one of the taxa that play an important role in maintaining ecological processes. Based on the list of mammal species in the study area, five of these species have potential roles for the oil palm agorecosystem. These roles as seed dispersers include Callosciurus notatus; Callosciurus prevostii; and Macaca fascicularis, as well as pest controllers Prionailurus bengalensis and Helarctos malayanus. The HG land cover type has a complete composisition of the roles of mammals, while in the SS land cover, no mammal species play a role in the oil palm agroecosystem.
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Kusumaningtyas, R. D., Y. W. P. Budiono, A. D. H. Kusuma, H. Prasetiawan, H. Ardiansyah und M. Hidayat. „Simulation of Esterification-Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel using Ultrasound Assisted Integrated Double Column Reactive Distillation“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1203, Nr. 1 (01.06.2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1203/1/012041.
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Abstract There are some problems arising related to the utilization of fossil-based fuel due to the diminishing of oil reserves. Therefore, energy transition toward the development of new and renewable energy has been set in Indonesia. Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy resource which can be synthesized from vegetable oils as feedstock via transesterification reaction. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is among the economical and abundant raw materials for biodiesel production. It contains triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) of 78.16% and 21.84%, respectively. Biodiesel preparation is generally carried out using conventional batch or continuous mixed flow reactors. This configuration encounters challenge related to the high cost for setting up the separation process. To overwhelm this drawback, it is essential to develop reactor which integrates the reaction and separation process. In this work, a novel design of Ultrasound Assisted Integrated Double Column Reactive Distillation (UAIDCRD) was introduced and simulated for biodiesel preparation through a coupling esterification-transesterification reaction. The first column was applied the esterification of Simulation of UAIDCRD for biodiesel production was conducted using ASPEN Plus v10. Model thermodynamic selected for the simulation was UNIQUAC. Sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of reflux ratio, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio on the reaction conversion. Reflux ratio was studied at the range of 0.5 - 200, bottom to feed ratio was evaluated at the range of 0.25 - 0.9, and methanol to oil ratio were 1:3 - 9:8. It was observed that 99.99% reaction conversion in the esterification column was achieved with the reflux ration, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio of 0.5, 0.5, and 4.1, respectively. On the other hand, 99.99% reaction conversion in the transesterification column was obtained with the reflux ration, bottom to feed ratio, and methanol to oil ratio of 0.5, 0.5, and 3:1. The alcohol needed for the esterification and transesterification reaction were much lower than those required for the reaction using conventional reactor.
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Ali, Jafar A., Loghman Khodakarami und Murad S. Ahmed. „Pipeline Risk Assessment Using GIS“. UKH Journal of Science and Engineering 6, Nr. 2 (27.12.2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjse.v6n2y2022.pp15-25.
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Long-distance energy pipelines are subject to risks of repeated hazards and posing pipeline safety problems. Hazards that may attack the pipelines are environmental and human activities. In this study, the risks of hazards on pipeline were assessed using Geographic Information System (GIS) as research on pipeline risk assessment using GIS is quite limited. Satellites help to monitor pipelines from space. The study spatially analyzes the risks that a pipeline encounters and the Kurdistan oil pipeline from Taq Taq oil field to Peshkhabur was used as a case study. Six criteria including distance to cities and villages, rivers, roads, slopes, and temperature in cold and hot weather were considered. Weight is given to each criterion; a maximum of 37.5% for human activities and a minimum weight of 12.5% for slope. The calculations were carried out spatially rather than through statistical operations. Three sets of maps were obtained for each criterion with different units. Then the maps were overlayed to represent a single map and the units were standardized using Fuzzy membership. The results show the risk level of each criterion along the 270 km length of the Kurdistan national pipeline.
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Beale, Carter. „Book Review: In the Shadow of the Palms: More-Than-Human Becomings in West Papua. Sophie Chao. Duke University Press, 2022“. Forest and Society 7, Nr. 1 (09.01.2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v7i1.24765.
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In the Shadow of the Palms offers a haunting and novel perspective on themes of dispossession and alienation wrought by the expansion of oil palm agribusiness in Indonesia. Drawing on fieldwork with a Marind community in the Upper Bian in West Papua, the text endeavors to describe such dispossessory dynamics from an embodied Marind ontology. Meticulous descriptions of interactions with various animal and plant species evidence a profound intersubjectivity of human and environment in the Marind world. Moreover, these encounters with multi-species entanglements often reveal how the Marind accommodate and assimilate the spiritual and material incursions inflicted by expanding oil palm production. Chao’s argument takes issue with recent theoretical trends in multispecies studies for their failure to engage “with Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies, its limited consideration of the “human” category in the context of racializing assemblages, its uncritical celebration of interspecies entanglements, and its insufficient attention to unloving (rather than loved species, and its failure to approach violence itself as a multispecies act).” The evidence Chao provides in the form of thick ethnographic description and songs translations, stories, and dream accounts convincingly complicates the tendency to generalize plant-beings as either benevolent helpers, enigmatic tricksters, or passive, neutral fixtures. The reader is forced to reckon with oil palm as a causal agent implicit in the devastation of forests and rivers fouled by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the haunted dreams and bodies of the Marind people.
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Zhu, Jin Li, Liang Liang Jiang, Li Cheng Liu und Yu Qiu Lin. „Design and Practice of Steam Flooding on Anisotropic Heavy-Oil Reservoir with Edge-Bottom Water“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (Juli 2011): 2049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2049.
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Liaohe block J is a super heavy oil reservoir with relatively strong anisotropy and active edge-bottom water condition. After more than two decades of huff and puff production, the block now reaches a low production rate period, and the local part of the block also encounters serious edge-bottom water invasion. Now steam flooding is used as a switching method to invert the production decline tendency. Applied with thermal recovery process and numerical simulation method, reservoir pressure at flooding conversion, pressure control in steam flooding, injection-production parameters and well pattern are used to optimize the key techniques of steam flooding design. The design results are as follows: the reservoir pressure at flooding conversion as well as during steam flooding process should be controlled below 5 Mpa; the unit volume steam injection rate is 1.65t/d.hm2.m and the bottom-hole steam quality of injecter is no less than 53%; the injection-production ratio is 1.1:1 and inversed 9 point pattern with a 83m well space is used. The steam flooding pilot has been carried out for more than 2 years and obtains favorable benefits.