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1
Coloso, Ernesto H. „Labor Standards Enforcement Program and Code of Ethics of Labor Inspectors in Region XII“. Journal of Business and Management Studies 5, Nr. 3 (29.04.2023): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.3.1.
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The study focused on the labor standards enforcement program and code of ethics practices among the labor inspectors of the Department of Labor and Employment in Region 12. The study utilized primary data through one-on-one interviews coming from the Labor Inspectors of the Department of Labor and Employment Region 12, specifically in areas of South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, North Cotabato, Sarangani, General Santos City, Regional Office, and TSI. A total of twenty-two participants, which are Region 12 Labor Inspectors, answered the qualitative questionnaire, with the data gathered to be analyzed through thematic analysis. The results show that the Labor Standard Enforcement Program under the Department of Labor and Employment is an effective program and tool in the enforcement of Labor Standards laws, statutes, and orders through Proper Implementation and actual Inspection; however, they have an insufficient workforce. In terms of Labor Inspectors’ performance, they adhere to norms and conduct, yet they also commit violations. Lastly, the norms of conduct that are commonly ignored by the Labor Inspectors are they become biased, receive gifts in exchange for a favor, and they are more into “sarili muna” than “bayan muna”.
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Fine, Janice, und Tim Bartley. „Raising the floor: New directions in public and private enforcement of labor standards in the United States“. Journal of Industrial Relations 61, Nr. 2 (08.10.2018): 252–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185618784100.
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Low-wage work in the US and many other places continues to be characterized by precarious and dangerous conditions, vulnerable immigrant workforces, and problems of misclassification and wage theft. Several recent initiatives are seeking to demonstrate that conditions can be greatly improved even when governments lack the capacity to broadly enforce the law on the books. In co-enforcement approaches, for instance, municipal governments are enlisting worker and community organizations to improve enforcement of wage and hour laws. Similarly, some private regulatory initiatives are taking ‘worker-driven’ approaches that favor enforcement by locally trusted organizations rather than unreliable ‘checklist auditing’. In this article, we examine one exemplary case of each approach in the US – namely, the Seattle Office of Labor Standards and the Fair Food Program in Florida. Comparing these initiatives reveals a convergence on civil society linkages, locally grounded monitoring capacities, and enforceable penalties. The cases differ in their bases of power and the expected role of the state, though the latter difference is perhaps not as stark as it initially seems. The comparison also suggests some challenges and opportunities for extending these models into new settings.
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HORBAN, Oleksandr, Liliia BAIEVA und Anton LIVAK. „Analysis of the reform of prosecutor’s offices in EU countries: lessons for Ukraine“. Economics. Finances. Law 5/2024, Nr. - (31.05.2024): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.5.22.
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Introduction. The need to establish the rule of law in Ukraine, to choose a course for membership in the European Union, to adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU legislation, the legal basis of which is determined by the National Program for the Adaptation of Ukrainian Legislation, as well as to improve the legal basis of the functioning of the prosecutor’s office of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the main aspects of the reform of prosecutor’s offices in the EU countries, as well as to investigate the issue of their application in Ukraine. The results. At the current stage of the development of the Ukrainian state, the course towards integration into the European Union and the need to raise the necessary standards of compliance with human rights and freedoms require the most effective and rational choice of the organizational and management structure, as well as the functioning of the prosecutor’s office. The prosecutor’s office has always been considered and used as an effective tool for the developзment of social relations and, in particular, strengthening the rule of law as a fundamental value of society and the state. The corresponding democratic structures of the national legal systems of developed countries clearly define that the prosecutor’s office is one of the fundamental state institutions that ensures the rule of law and protection of human rights. It goes without saying that without the proper organization and effective functioning of the prosecutor’s office, the existence of a legal state would be impossible. The complex of mechanisms for harmonizing the legislation of Ukraine with European standards is aimed at the implementation of state policy on the creation of a modern national legal system by improving the law-making and law-enforcement activities of state authorities, introducing a unified system of planning, coordination and monitoring of law-enforcement work. There will be optimization of prosecutorial activity management processes, primarily through digitization. Conclusion. Using the foreign experience of administrative and legal support of the activities of the prosecutor’s office, it is important to consider that external standards can influence the internal model of the national prosecutor’s office and lead to the replacement of its specific features in favor of general external standards that correspond to the general dynamics of globalization.
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Malega, Ron, und Joel H. Garner. „Sworn Volunteers in American Policing, 1999 to 2013“. Police Quarterly 22, Nr. 1 (31.07.2018): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611118785168.
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This study describes changes in the use of sworn volunteers among the nation’s local law enforcement agencies and identifies those state-level certification, community, and agency characteristics associated with agencies using such volunteers in 2013. Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics data from 1999 through 2013 were analyzed to document trends in both the number of sworn volunteers and the prevalence of agencies using sworn volunteers. While there has been a modest decline in the use of sworn volunteers since 1999, in 2013, about 36% of all local law enforcement agencies used sworn volunteers; furthermore, these volunteers comprised 7% of all local sworn personnel having arrest authority nationwide in 2013. A survey of peace officer standards and training agencies found that approximately two thirds of states required state-level certification of sworn volunteers. Multivariate analyses of state-level certification standards, census data, and agency characteristics found that agencies were more likely to use sworn volunteers if they (a) are a sheriff's office, (b) serve jurisdictions with larger populations, (c) have greater levels of social disadvantage, (d) do not require recruits to have more than a high school education, or (e) are located within states offering graduated levels of sworn volunteer certifications. Agencies were less likely to use volunteer officers if they (a) hire part-time sworn officers, (b) have a greater entry-level salary, or (c) are accredited.
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Fine, Janice, Daniel J. Galvin, Jenn Round und Hana Shepherd. „Wage Theft in a Recession: Unemployment, Labour Violations, and Enforcement Strategies for Difficult Times“. International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 37, Issue 2/3 (01.06.2021): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2021006.
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During the Covid-19 pandemic and accompanying recession, millions of low-wage workers have become increasingly vulnerable to exploitation. Limited scholarly attention, however, has been paid to the relationship between rising unemployment, labour standards violations, and government enforcement capacities during periods of economic recession. In this article, we begin to draw out these connections. First, we turn to the case of the Great Recession of 2008-2010 in the United States to examine the relationship between rising unemployment and minimum wage violations, using Current Population Survey (CPS) data to estimate minimum wage violation rates by industry and demographic group. We find that minimum wage violations rose in tandem with rising unemployment, and were shouldered by some groups of low-wage workers more than others, and that they were unexpectedly affected certain industries more than others. We then use an analysis of internal complaint data filed with the San Francisco Office of Labour Standards Enforcement (OLSE) to illustrate that even during non-recession periods, the number of complaints received by industry are in some cases wildly disproportionate to the estimated violation rates by industry. This underscores the shortcomings of the complaint-based enforcement model, which is by far the most common mode of workplace regulation in the United States. Finally, we discuss how this empirical evidence points to the importance of developing alternatives to complaint-based models of enforcement – in particular, strategic enforcement and co-enforcement – especially during periods of high unemployment. Strategic Enforcement, Co-Enforcement, Great Recession, Wage Theft, Minimum Wage Violations
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Kim, Seou. „Crime Prevention through environmental design(CPTED): Current state and Improvements of Government Office Buildings“. Korea CPTED Association 13, Nr. 2 (31.08.2022): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26470/jcssed.2022.13.2.117.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate government office buildings and the environmental factors that contribute to crime preventative designs of those buildings. It has been found that: first, in the case of central government buildings, “access management of government buildings” and “protection diagnosis” were newly established in the ｢government building management regulations and enforcement regulations｣ in December, 2016. However, this change has yet to be established in local government buildings. In addition, it was confirmed that the contents of regulations reflected here were far below par compared to the crime prevention building standards applied to personal apartments under the ｢Building Act｣. Second, as rallies and protests that take place near government office buildings increase every year, surveys confirm that exposure to noise has a negative impact on work performance. Finally, it is crucial that crime preventative designs should be strictly controlled by regulation (ex. building codes), so that civil servants are protected from crimes. It is necessary to improve sound insulation performance of windows to minimize the noise generated by protests to not hinder the work performance of civil servants. These findings help understand the current environmental conditions of government office buildings associated with crime prevention facilities. There is room for improvement in the principles and process to make the government office building better, safer and more pleasant for both citizens and officials.
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B. Fateye, Tosin, Toluwalase G. Oluwole, Abayomi S. Ibisola und Samson E. Agbato. „ASSESSMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES IN FACILITIES MANAGEMENT OF OFFICE BUILDINGS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA“. International Journal of Property Sciences 12, Nr. 1 (30.08.2022): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijps.vol12no1.2.
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The development of facility management (FM) in Nigeria is relatively new and limited in scope although it has been introduced for more than four decades. This study attempts to assess the operation and maintenance practices in the FM of office buildings from the Nigeria context, aimed to address issues concerning activities of operation and maintenance. It also intends to reveal the adoption of FM techniques and associated challenges in the office buildings in Lagos., Nigeria. A total of 216 members of the Nigerian Institution of Estate Surveyors and Valuers (NIESV) were sampled using purposive sampling techniques and their responses were analysed by descriptive statistics such as weighted mean score (WMS), severity index (S.I), and Kruskal-Wallis H test (KWT). The study found that the major FM activities that are mostly engaged include space management, power plant/electricity maintenance, waste management, lift maintenance, general cleaning services, routine maintenance, and water management. While the preferred FM technique is a blended approach (both the preventive and the corrective methods). The prominent challenges in their respective categories were design flaws and poor installation of equipment (technical); inconsistency in financing maintenance, and high cost of maintenance components (finance); weak standards and poor enforcement (administrative), indifferent attitude towards maintenance issues, wrong perception and lack of foresight (top management). The study concluded that the operations of the FM practice are still in their infancy stage and characterised by prominent challenges of technical, administrative, and finance. However, being a multi-disciplinary profession, the study suggests efficient collaborative effort can be strengthened by an institutional framework that encourages human capacity development and enhanced technology to foster sustainable facilities management practice in the country.
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Hans, Robert, und Ernest Mnkandla. „Using the PMO to enforce and standardize the attention of software project managers to needs of software project teams“. International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management 11, Nr. 3 (04.10.2023): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12821/ijispm110301.
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Software project teams (SPTs) are critical stakeholders. Their contribution in successful delivery of software projects is unquestionable. However, the empirical evidence of their importance seems to exist on paper only, as software project managers (SPMs) and scholars in the project management field ignore their individual needs, and as a result, SPTs remain the most neglected stakeholder group in the software industry. In endeavoring to address the neglect of SPTs by SPMs, the authors of this study developed a model aimed at assisting SPMs to pay due consideration to the needs of this important stakeholder group. At the heart of the model’s functionality is the Project Management Office (PMO), which intends to enforce and standardize the gathering and addressing of software project team needs and interests by SPMs. The aim of the research study is to investigate how the functions of the PMO can be applied to operationalize the enforcement and standardization of the overall function of the model. Since the study is practical-oriented, the pragmatic interpretive approach was considered a suitable methodology. Through the interpretative methodology, several appropriate functions of the PMO, such as «Project management methodology, standards, and tooling», «Monitoring and controlling project performance», «Human resource management» and «Development of project management competencies» as established from project management literature were utilized to achieve the study’s purpose. Even though the interpretation process was guided by literature, the inference was also influenced, to a certain extent, by the researcher opinion as «interested observer». Therefore, the approach presents a limitation to the study. Future studies should include the validation of the feasibility of the study’s claim in a real-world project setup.
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Fachri Muhammad B, Abd Asis und Hijrah Adhyanti Mirzana. „IMPLEMENTATION OF UTTP EQUIPMENT CALCULATION AND RECAACING IN LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF LEGAL METROLOGY IN MAKASSAR CITY“. Awang Long Law Review 5, Nr. 1 (30.11.2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.56301/awl.v5i1.532.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of calibration and re-calibration in Makassar City as an effort in law enforcement in the field of legal metrology. The research is empirical-legal research. A research location is a place or area where the author conducts research. In the context of this research, the author conducted research in the city of Makassar, specifically the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for Legal Metrology, Makassar City, Makassar Police Station, and several traders. The reason the author chooses the Makassar City UPTD is that the institution is authorized and competent in providing data regarding the supervision of the implementation of calibration and re-calibration in the city of Makassar. Then at the Makassar City Police, the author will ask for data related to Crime in the Legal Metrology field and some traders to provide information regarding the measuring instruments, measurements, and scales used. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The collected data are then analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the authority in the management of legal metrology at the center is carried out by the DITMET of the Ministry of Trade whose task is to carry out the formulation, implementation, and control of policies, drafting guidelines, norms, standards, procedures, and criteria as well as providing technical guidance and evaluation of policy implementation in the field of metrology. legal in order to provide wider space for regions to regulate and manage the lives of their citizens, the central government establishes a regional autonomy policy through Law Number 23 Year 2014 (as was the last amendment through Law Number 9 Year 2015) concerning Regional Government. The transfer of authority for the implementation of the previous calibration and calibration from the provincial government is then transferred to the Regency/City Government, which then each region has the right to form a legal Metrology Unit whose task is to carry out calibration and recalculation. In the case of calibration and recalculation obligations, each UTTP instrument has a period of calibration and recalibration period and the one who is entitled to perform the calibration is the calibrator. As a follow-up to the Regional Government Law, the city of Makassar has established a UML in 2017 through Makassar Mayor Regulation No. 82 Year 2017 concerning the formation, position, organizational structure, duties and functions, and work procedures of the legal metrology technical implementing unit at the trade office.
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Lee, Kwang-Won, und Sang-Kyum Kim. „A Constitutional Study on Legal Issues in Living Accommodation Facilities“. Korean Public Land Law Association 104 (30.11.2023): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.104.227.
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In Korea, a house is meaningful as a basic place in people's lives. People put all their effort into purchasing housing that is equivalent to food, clothing, and shelter. For that reason, in our country, the price of real estate, especially housing, fluctuates depending on people's needs over time. Korea has achieved economic development through industrialization, but with the urban concentration phenomenon and the rapid increase in urban housing demand, housing supply and demand has become an important national task.
Economic development brought about changes in residential culture, giving rise to various housing types, with the emergence of single-family homes, townhouses, and apartment-type apartment complexes. However, as it could not cope with the overwhelming demand, officetel, a combination of an office and a hotel, which was popular abroad, was introduced. This officetel was also resolved after the Oran controversy by separating officetels for office use and residential use. Similar to this issue, controversy arose over residential lodging facilities, which are residential-type lodging facilities.
Accommodation facilities are for people to stay for a short period of time, and there are various types. Among them, there are condos where you can stay for a while and cook, but most of them are short-term lodging facilities. Then, the form of residential accommodation emerged as a way to solve the problem of surplus accommodation and insufficient housing in cities. Living accommodation facilities, which began in the early 21st century, were initially used for long-term stays like officetels, with cooking facilities installed, and used for residential purposes.
Living accommodation facilities are lodging facilities, but as people live there for a long period of time, they are used like houses, and their number gradually increases. However, because there was no legal basis, it spread indiscriminately, and from the public's perspective, it came to be perceived as purchasing housing at a low price. It was only in 2012 that living accommodation facilities gained their basis in the Enforcement Decree of the Public Sanitation Management Act. However, living accommodations were only a type of accommodation and not housing.
Since the legal basis for living accommodation facilities is that only one type of accommodation facility is specified in the Enforcement Decree of the Public Health Management Act, there are no regulations regarding this, so in reality, they are continuously built and sold. Meanwhile, in 2020, the legal status of residential lodging facilities, a type of lodging facility, became an issue, and issues began to be raised about the fact that these facilities were being used for residential purposes rather than lodging facilities. As a result, it became a problem as it was regulated through a two-year transition provision.
Living accommodation facilities are equivalent to housing for citizens who live there. This will not be resolved by postponing administrative dispositions for two years and an additional year without fundamentally resolving the issue. Rather than allowing people who purchased it for residential purposes to change its use to officetel, which is impossible, we need to find appropriate standards that fit the reality, guarantee property rights, and protect trust. Therefore, we need to actively work to guarantee the basic rights of people who are users of living accommodation facilities. There must be action.
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Kim, Jae Sun. „Public Law Issues on Research Using Large Research Facilities - Focusing on the laws on the large-scale research facilities in the U.S.A. -“. LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE CHUNGBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 33, Nr. 2 (30.12.2022): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34267/cblj.2022.33.2.115.
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As the need for research using advanced facilities increased, the need for safe and efficient management of large research facilities used by research institutes increased. In particular, in the case of large research facilities, efficient and reasonable legalization measures are required in the use of large research facilities due to overlapping installation, disposal of idle or underutilized facilities, and temporary treatment. In Korea, the Basic Law on Science and Technology, the Enforcement Decree of the Framework Act on Science and Technology, and the 「Basic Research and Development Support Act」, the Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act」, and the 협동 Cooperative Research and Development Promotion Act have been enacted and applied. However, research on overseas cases with a more systematic management system is required because individual laws regulate different contents according to legislative purposes, and in some cases, the contents required by practice cannot be more specifically defined.
In the case of the United States, since World War II, systematic laws, procedures, and guidelines have been operated on specific science and technology policies, funding for technology development, and facility operation plans. The federal government (Energy Bureau, Science Bureau, National Science Foundation, National Health Agency, etc.) centered on the presidential office systematically operates using related laws and guidelines. First, federal law proposes standards for funding for future strategy establishment under the American Innovation and Competition Act, Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement, and guidelines for the Budget Administration (OMB Circular A-110) and Large Research Foundation (DNS) Guidelines for Energy Agency (DNS). Meanwhile, universities or research institutes operate individual guidelines for equipment management of large research facilities, and Stanford University has a systematic management and operation system for accelerator operation and management organization. Accordingly, the following implications are drawn for the laws related to research facilities in the United States.
First, systematic governance is prepared for research promotion, and active support from the federal government is being provided around the presidential office. In the case of the American Innovation and Competition Act, which is under discussion for revision in 2021, six key industries (Artificial Intelligence, Semiconductor, Quantum Computing, Advanced Communication, Biotechnology, Energy Improvement) have been proposed. This U.S. governance system is consistent with the U.S. federal government's policy direction, which actively supports science and technology policies after World War II, and is thought to have implications in Korea in terms of actively and systematically supporting federal-managed industries.
Second, there are detailed regulations and guidelines for budget allocation and management of research facilities. For example, the OMB Circular A-110, DOE 413.3A, and the Large Facility Manual of the National Science Foundation (NSF) stipulate not only the allocation of research funds but also the factors that need to be checked by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in detail.
Third, various verification procedures such as external verification procedures and cost-benefit analysis are prepared. It seems that a management system is in place as predictable verification procedures for selecting research topics and initial design, such as verifying the Director's Review Board (DRB) of the Energy Agency and reviewing the National Science Board of the NSF are stipulated. In addition, it can be considered that the Large Facility Manual stipulates cost-benefit procedures and provides management improvement procedures through reasonable compensation for research and cost-benefit analysis.
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Locke, Richard M., Fei Qin und Alberto Brause. „Does Monitoring Improve Labor Standards? Lessons from Nike“. ILR Review 61, Nr. 1 (Oktober 2007): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390706100101.
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Using a unique data set based on factory audits of working conditions in over 800 of Nike's suppliers across 51 countries over the years 1998–2005, the authors explore whether monitoring for compliance with corporate codes of conduct—currently the principal way both global corporations and labor rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) address poor working conditions in global supply chain factories—achieved remediation, as indicated by improved working conditions and stepped-up enforcement of labor rights. Despite substantial efforts and investments by Nike and its staff to improve working conditions among its suppliers, monitoring alone appears to have produced only limited results. However, when monitoring efforts were combined with other interventions focused on tackling some of the root causes of poor working conditions—in particular, by enabling suppliers to better schedule their work and to improve quality and efficiency—working conditions seem to have improved considerably.
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Kuruvilla, Sarosh, und Anil Verma. „International Labor Standards, Soft Regulation, and National Government Roles“. Journal of Industrial Relations 48, Nr. 1 (Februar 2006): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185606059313.
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In this article, we briefly describe the different approaches to the regulation of international labor standards, and then argue for a new role for national governments based on soft rather than hard regulation approaches. We argue that this new role shows potential for significantly enhancing progress in international labor standards, since it enables governments to articulate a position without having to deal with the enforcement issues that hard regulation mandates. We justify this new role for governments based on the increasing use of soft regulation in the international arena. Of course, this approach is not without its own problems, but given that existing approaches have all provided imperfect solutions to the problem of improving labor standards globally, re-visiting the role of national governments is in our view, highly important.
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Giblin, Matthew J., und Phillip M. Galli. „Compensation as a Police Candidate Attraction Tool: An Organizational-Level Analysis“. Police Quarterly 20, Nr. 4 (13.06.2017): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611117713679.
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In 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies hired 61,000 new full-time sworn personnel. To develop a sufficient applicant pool, organizations may use a variety of attraction strategies, including financial inducements, especially when broader factors lessen the appeal of a job. Using data from the 2007 and 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, the present study tests whether unfavorable contingencies (e.g., high cost of living, rigorous application standards) are related to officer compensation—pay, supplemental incentives, and reimbursements—within a sample of large metropolitan police agencies. Results are generally consistent with contingency theory, at least with respect to salaries. Departments offer higher salaries to offset more rigorous hiring standards, high costs of living, and other unfavorable contingencies. The implications of the findings for police officer recruitment are discussed.
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Tampubolon, Liosten Rianna Roosida Ully, Nur Sayidah und Bachrul Amiq. „The Role of Labor Unions in Determining Minimum Wage in Indonesia“. International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, Nr. 7 (31.07.2023): e02625. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i7.2625.
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Purpose: This research aims to analyze the importance of labor unions in decent living standards to improve labor welfare to increase labor’s minimum wage and respond to the implementation of Government Regulation No. 78 of 2015 about wages. Theoretical framework: The labor union is the labor representative that has an essential role in determining minimum wage in the regency because the labor union is a member of the Wage Council. Implementing Government Regulation No. 78 of 2015 concerning wages leads to wage disparities, especially in East Java province. The determination of minimum wage has become a crucial and complex problem as it involves the interests of labor, companies, and government. Every of the wage disparities increases that influenced labor conditions became less conducive, and companies relocated their businesses. Labor unions’ important role is to fight to improve labor’s welfare. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a qualitative approach. The research location is in East Java, with informants who are labor union in East Java, East Java Indonesian Business Association, East Java Province Wage Council, East Java Labor and Transmigration Office, and Regency Labor Office. The data was collected through interviews. Findings: This research’s results find that Labor Union’s important role influenced wage discretion implemented by the East Java governor, and Labor Union’s important role successfully decreased wage disparity. Research, Practical & Social implications: This research is still limited to important role of Labor Union in minimum wages. Future research can examine other roles of Labor Union in helping improve workers' welfare, for example contributing to improving labor regulations. Originality/Value: The study explore important role of labor union from various points of view, namely from East Java Indonesian Business Association, East Java Province Wage Council, East Java Labor and Transmigration Office, and Regency Labor Office.
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Shetterly, David R., und Anand Krishnamoorthy. „Job Characteristics of Officers and Agents: Results of a National Job Analysis“. Public Personnel Management 37, Nr. 1 (März 2008): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600803700108.
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A national job analysis of officer and agent law enforcement positions in a large federal agency was conducted to identify the most critical job characteristics as a foundation for follow-on development of medical standards. The study employed factor analysis to identify 82 high-priority job requirements. A comparison of officer and agent job characteristics showed that any systematic difference in high-priority job requirements between the two groups was minimal. Using factor analysis in conjunction with a qualitative technique such as focus groups provides a systematic and supportable method for isolating the important job characteristics of law enforcement positions.
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Stroehle, Judith Christina. „The enforcement of diverse labour standards through private governance“. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, Nr. 4 (November 2017): 475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917731016.
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The effectiveness of private governance on global labour standards remains extremely difficult to assess, let alone measure. Debates surrounding relevant factors focus on two areas: contextual variables regarding social and economic upgrading, and firm-specific characteristics. This article contributes to both debates, looking at characteristics of buyer companies, while also taking institutional variables into account. It examines structural and environmental features of cases encoded in a data set derived from over 1000 audit reports compiled by the Fair Labor Association. Focusing on the apparel, sports- and footwear industry, the article highlights the importance of regulatory quality, economic performance and social freedom in sourcing countries for the success of private governance. The analysis statistically underlines the importance of public governance specifically for process rights, such as anti-discrimination and freedom of association. Complementarity between private and public governance programmes may therefore be particularly important for these standards.
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Lambert, Susan J., und Anna Haley. „Implementing Work Scheduling Regulation: Compliance and Enforcement Challenges at the Local Level“. ILR Review 74, Nr. 5 (11.08.2021): 1231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00197939211031227.
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Employment legislation intended to establish scheduling standards in hourly jobs is spreading across US cities. Yet the well-documented role that cost-focused business models play in shaping manager practices forecasts uneven compliance. Joining perspectives from labor and public policy studies, the authors examine variation in the organizational arena—local workplaces—where implementation of scheduling regulation is set to play out. Analyses draw on surveys and interviews with 52 retail and food service managers on the eve of enactment of Seattle’s Secure Scheduling Ordinance. By capturing the full range of variation in managers’ scheduling practices prior to enactment, and their distance from legal compliance, the authors contribute unique insight into the prospects of establishing universal work hour standards in service industries and the varying pathways employers will likely pursue toward regulatory compliance. Findings suggest targets for enforcement and manager training and offer insight into the implementation challenges posed by municipal-level regulation.
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Hasan, Rejaul, Marguerite Moore und Robert Handfield. „Establishing Operational Norms for Labor Rights Standards Implementation in Low-Cost Apparel Production“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 21 (02.11.2021): 12120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112120.
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Low-cost production has driven many global apparel brands and retailers to source apparel from less developed countries. However, low-cost apparel production is often accompanied by labor rights violations. A persistent pattern of labor rights violations exists in the global apparel supply chains, including minimum wage violations, unpaid overtime, forced overtime, worker abuse, restricting workers’ unions, and many other violations. Research suggests that low-cost pressures restrict factory level resources, which often leads to labor rights violations in global apparel supply chains. To date, academics and practitioners remain unaware of the actual cost of implementing labor rights standards in factories. We sought to establish a baseline taxonomy of the fundamental cost-bearing activities required to provide a safe and ethical factory workplace. A Delphi survey was adopted to capture data from an expert group of experienced factory compliance auditors in Asian apparel production. The research provides practical insights for factory adoption of actions that can improve enforcement of multiple labor standards, as well as specific actions required to enforce unique requirements that arose in our analysis.
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Iglin, Aleksei Vladimirovich. „Administrative mechanisms for resolving individual labour disputes in foreign countries“. SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111803011.
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According to international labor standards, the labor-management system covers all public administration bodies responsible for and/or involved in labor-management, whether they are ministerial departments or government agencies, including semipublic, regional, or local agencies, or any other form of decentralized administration, and any institutional framework for coordinating the activities of such bodies and for consultation and participation of employers and employees and their organization. In this regard, dispute resolution mechanisms through administrative departments and agencies, labor inspections, and voluntary compliance are most pronounced. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of administrative mechanisms for resolving individual labor disputes in foreign countries; to draw conclusions about the effectiveness, prospects, and legal clarity of coordination of labor disputes. When conducting research the author relies on foreign doctrine, the practice of the subjects involved in labor relations, acts of foreign legislation. Research methods: a dialectical approach to the knowledge of administrative mechanisms, allowing analyzing them in their practical development and functioning in the context of coordination of labor legal relations. The comparative legal method and dialectics determined the choice of specific research methods: comparative and formal-legal. The functions, jurisdiction, and procedures of individual labor dispute resolution mechanisms and labor inspectorates are the subject of comprehensive research because of their effectiveness in protecting workers’ rights. The article provides a detailed comparative legal analysis of the specifics of dispute resolution through administrative departments and agencies, the role of labor inspections/law enforcement, and access to justice for workers in unclear or hidden employment relationships. On the basis of a large array of regulative sources, the author concludes about the importance of administrative mechanisms in the proper enforcement of labor laws abroad.
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Rafiullah, Habibi, Haifa Rabhi, Ahmed Sallam und Zhou Yongtaoao. „Research on Factors that Influence the Employment of Foreigners in China“. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, Nr. 1 (05.02.2024): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.1.20.
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In the era of global economic integration and a rapidly changing international workforce, China has witnessed a significant increase in the number of foreign workers, especially since its accession to the WTO. This influx has disrupted China's labor market equilibrium and raised substantial challenges related to national sovereignty, security, social order, and public health. The Chinese legislative landscape grapples with various issues, such as delays in legislation, unclear regulatory boundaries, gaps in emerging sectors, lenient penalties for illegal employment, and inadequate coordination among law enforcement agencies. This paper holds both theoretical and practical importance as it aims to tackle these problems, proposing potential solutions to issues arising from the illicit employment of foreigners. Drawing insights from global legislative practices and emphasizing the safeguarding of domestic labor, this paper seeks to establish a comprehensive legislative framework for foreign employment in China, including provisions for exceptions to equal treatment. Additionally, it advocates for stricter employer accountability and penalties for illegal employment, highlighting the urgent need for improved cooperation and efficiency among law enforcement agencies. Beyond addressing domestic challenges, this paper also promotes international cooperation in foreign labor management, aligning with evolving global standards and continuously enhancing China's legal framework.
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Suhaidir, Suhaidir. „Factors Influencing The Placement of Subordinates A Analysis of Labor Market Information Service of Cooperations and Manpower Kerinci District“. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary 2, Nr. 2 (27.07.2023): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v2i2.270.
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Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of 2016 concerning Manpower Placement can be done with a manual system and online services, in the placement of workers with these two systems, Human Resource Management greatly influences directly or indirectly . The element of HRM is human, human resource management also involves the design and implementation of planning systems, preparation of needs of subordinates and employee development, career management, performance evaluation, employee competency and good employment relations, factors influencing employee placement based on Market Information Analysis Work at the Office of Cooperatives and Labor in Kerinci Regency. Many companies, labor users are connected to information on the labor market, special job fairs (BKK) and job fairs, to make it easier to place sufficient subordinates and understand the requirements, without having to pay high costs, to get employees, subordinate laborers who meets the standards of competence.
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Riatno, Ruli, Agus Suryono, Siswidiyanto und Muhammad Shobaruddin. „Regional Governance of Labour Inspection: Lessons from Banten Province“. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, Nr. 1 (12.01.2024): e2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2025.
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Introduction: Labor inspection has become one of the essential studies since the emergence of labor issues as a part of the public interest. Protection, guarantees and compliance with la-bor norms are the focus of realizing good labor conditions. The governance of labor inspection also functions as a mechanism for law enforcement, protection and guarantees for fulfilling labour norms. Labor inspection is carried out as internal control in the workplace and external control as a public function of the central and regional governments. Theoretical Reference Framework: According to management perspective, the control func-tion within the organization has two main points: system/process and strategic human re-sources (Efendi & Poernomo, 2019). This concept includes three things: setting standards, comparing activities carried out based on the standards, and improvement. Method: This study using qualitative research method by presenting naturalistic empirical da-ta. Results: This study provides important lessons that leadership is the key and balance control-ler in unifying different interests in the governance system for implementing labor inspection at the regional level. Also, values mutually agreed upon by stakeholders, including the regional government, employers, and worker/trade unions, must be continuously institutionalized. It includes the dynamics of deliberation among stakeholders, division of responsibilities, re-source capacity, knowledge and experience between the actors involved, and adaptation to possible uncertainties and risks. Discussion and Conclusions: Lessons learned from the study on implementing labour inspec-tion in Banten Province show the complexity of governance on various sides. Low institution-al linkages and planning between the local and central government and inadequate law en-forcement lead to weak inspection accountability and less transparent inspection implementa-tion.
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Khamzina, Zhanna, Yermek Buribayev, Binur Taitorina, Ainur Yessengazieva und Anarkhan Kuttygalieva. „Towards Nondiscrimination and Gender Equality: The Role of International Labor Standards“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 9 (29.04.2022): 5349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095349.
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Gender equality and the prohibition of discrimination are not only one of the fundamental human rights, but also a necessary basis for achieving sustainable development. Kazakhstan’s global rankings for gender equality in recent years show a steady decline, despite the legislation formed during the period of independence, which guarantees the prohibition of any form of discrimination and the proclamation of gender equality as a priority of national policy. An important aspect of reforms, ensuring their effectiveness, is changes in legislation. International labor agreements are mechanisms for the transformation of national legislation and practice on the basis of universally accepted standards for more sustainable development of employment and the labor market. This study analyzes the effectiveness of the national legal framework of Kazakhstan from the standpoint of implementation, compliance with international standards of prohibition of discrimination and ensuring gender equality. An analysis is made of how universal norms can affect the development of national legislation. The article concludes that the laws aimed at the implementation of international standards for promoting the prohibition of discrimination and gender parity do not fully achieve their intended goals due to a weak law enforcement mechanism and the lack of full practical implementation of the country’s obligations. Legal solutions are proposed to neutralize the inconsistency of the internal Kazakhstani labor legislation with international standards, as well as the necessary accompanying elements of changes in civil procedural, social, administrative, and criminal legislation. An overview is presented of how the ratification of ILO acts will further improve conditions in the labor market and what changes in laws will be required in the future.
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Prasolova, I., und J. Vasilenko. „The features of legal regulation of working hours“. Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), Nr. 12 (27.12.2023): 718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2312-02.
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The institute of working time is an integral part of the system of labor law of the Russian state. The presence of standards providing for maximum working hours, as well as guarantees for its establishment and use, represent a certain indicator showing the level of development of society. Today’s changes in the global economy are leading to an increasing spread of atypical forms of employment. As a result, labor law is undergoing significant changes, giving rise to new features of the legal regulation of labor relations. For example, the key feature of the working hours of remote workers is the possibility of its independent distribution by the employee. In the article, the authors analyze some problems arising in the field of legal regulation of the working hours of remote workers, law enforcement practice, and also offer ways to improve labor legislation in this area.
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Gamaliia, Vira, Igor Dovzhuk und Halyna Sichkarenko. „Organization of Documentation in Ukraine during the Soviet Period“. Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 9, Nr. 2 (18.11.2021): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2021.2.04.
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The article discusses issues surrounding the introduction of new forms of documents and the organization of document circulation in Ukraine during the Soviet period, revises the organization of office work and presents a selection of valuable documents. The authors also explore the organizational and scientific activities in the field of management, stipulated in regulatory enactments, and describe the creation of a network of public organizations, institutes and laboratories that dealt with issues of scientific organization of labor and reference activities. In the article, an analysis of the organization of office work and archival management through the evolution of regulatory framework is presented, highlighting the most important stages of the organization of documentation in the USSR. It is noted that, by the end of the 1980s, a holistic system of documentation support, which met at that time the requirements of Soviet business broadcasting and the standards of compiling official documents, had been formed.
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Yim, Sang-Giun. „The Influence of IFRS Adoption on Banks’ Cost of Equity: Evidence from European Banks“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 9 (26.04.2020): 3535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093535.
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This study examines how mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in European countries affects banks’ cost of equity. Supporters of IFRS argue that its adoption improves the quality of accounting information, which in turn decreases the cost of equity. However, banking regulators could intervene in the implementation of new accounting standards to protect the stability of the banking system, which would deteriorate banks’ information environment and thereby increase the cost of equity. Using a regression analysis of European listed bank data, I find that banks’ cost of equity increases after the adoption of IFRS in countries with strong bank supervisory offices. I also find that strong legal enforcement and additional disclosure requirements jointly reduce banks’ cost of equity, but pre-IFRS inconsistencies between local accounting standards and regulatory standards jointly increase banks’ cost of equity. This study contributes to the literature on market discipline in banking and has policy implications: The findings suggest that, when implementing new accounting standards, potential conflicts between financial reporting and banking regulations should be considered.
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Samir Bhadra, Shaikh Shamsul Arafin und Md. Shawan Uddin. „Role of participation committee in developing workplace condition, safety and welfare services in Ready-Made Garment Industry of Bangladesh“. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 22, Nr. 2 (30.05.2024): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1341.
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An abstract is a summary of entire paper should be written in Cambria with font size- 10. The Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh plays a crucial role in the country's economy. Nonetheless, it frequently encounters challenges concerning workplace conditions, safety standards, and welfare services. This study investigates the participation committee's (PC) role in ensuring sustainable working conditions, workplace safety, and welfare within Bangladesh's RMG industry. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study conducted interviews with 30 respondents using semi-structured questions and employed a convenient sampling technique to select participants. The findings reveal that the participation committee has notably enhanced workplace safety in the RMG industry. Through active involvement, the committee has fostered improved communication between management and employees, leading to better working conditions, the eradication of labor rights neglect, and strengthened enforcement of national employment and labor regulations. The paper concludes by stressing the necessity for collaborative efforts involving stakeholders at various levels to consistently enhance workplace conditions, safety standards, and welfare services in Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment industry. Originality in a study on participation committees in Bangladesh's ready-to-garment industry lies in presenting innovative approaches, methods, or insights, addressing literature gaps, or exploring uncharted territories, thus enhancing welfare services and workplace health and safety.
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Karwat, Mirosław. „O działaniach politycznych i pokrewnych. Glosa do typologii Andrzeja Czajowskiego“. Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 27 (20.02.2020): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.27.2.
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About political and related activities. Commentary on the typology of Andrzej CzajowskiThe political sphere of social life creates not strictly political actions undertaken by policy-holders specialized in the struggle for power and the art of governance, constituting or changing the political order, regime, but also quasi-political actions undertaken by big social groups, communities and social movements, even by individuals interested in certain decisions, exerting pressure on the governing and other political forces also for non political purposes and peri-political actions undertaken in politically-inspired or controlled and programmed offices, public institutions in the course of management, judgment,enforcement of the legal order. Quasi-political actions include: politically-motivated actions, politically-important actions also relevant irrespective of the subject’s motives and intentions and politicized actions — politicized by how they are perceived and exploited by the Perpetrator’s surrounding entities. So is the typology of Andrzej Czajowski, which is worth complementing the meta-political actions — related to the establishment and enforcement of rules and standards of the political game, governance, forms of social and legal control and self- or mutual limitation of political forces?
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Fatmah, Fatmah, Fatma Lestari und Herlina J. EL-Matury. „Social, Economic, Cultural Resilience, and Discipline Role of the North Sumatera Province Government in the COVID-19 Management“. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 12, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.12.2.330-334.
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One of the efforts of tackling COVID-19 is through the social, economic, and cultural resilience approach and the discipline of the Government of North Sumatera Province. This study aimed to explore the experience of the North Sumatra Province in tackling the COVID-19 from the aspect of social, economic, and cultural resilience and the firmness of the government in coordinating with various parties in the management COVID-19. The qualitative study conducted an in-depth interview with the BPBD and Provincial Health Office of North Sumatera Province. The study showed that North Sumatera had developed the regional potential to improve the economy and small medium enterprises during pandemic. Several activities such as a budget allocation for labor-intensive business and industrial programs, strengthening the real sector and small medium enterprises, and developing Budikdamber program and Kampung Paten to strengthen food security, support economic growth, and reduce inflation. Discipline and firmness in coordination between parties such as inter-provincial border closure; assistance in social and health sector; control and enforcement of discipline on health protocols; socialization, simulation, and education on COVID-19. Synergy to build strength together to carry out health protocols and the spirit in revitalizing the local economy determine the success of North Sumatera Province in managing COVID-19.
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Huff, Jessica, Michael D. White und Scott H. Decker. „Organizational correlates of police deviance“. Policing: An International Journal 41, Nr. 4 (13.08.2018): 465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2017-0092.
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PurposeMany examinations of police misconduct involve case study methodologies applied to a single agency, or a handful of agencies. Consequently, there is little evidence regarding the types of misconduct across agencies, or the impact of department-level characteristics on the nature and prevalence of officer deviance. The purpose of this paper is to address this research gap using statewide data of over 1,500 charges of police misconduct filed with the Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training Board (AZPOST) from 2000 to 2011.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines variation in the prevalence and forms of misconduct across 100+ agencies based on agency type and size. Difference scores were calculated for every agency in the state to determine whether an agency’s level of misconduct was proportionate to the number of officers employed by that agency. AZPOST data were supplemented with Law Enforcement Management and Statistics data to identify organizational correlates of misconduct in agencies generating disproportionately low and high levels of misconduct.FindingsResults identify variation in officer misconduct across different types of agencies. Tribal agencies generally experience higher rates of domestic violence and drug/alcohol-related incidents. Smaller agencies have more misconduct allegations involving supervisors. Organizational characteristics including pre-hiring screening, accountability mechanisms and community relationships are associated with lower levels of agency misconduct.Originality/valueThe use of AZPOST data enables a statewide examination of misconduct while accounting for organizational context. This study identifies organizational features that might serve to protect agencies against disproportionate rates of officer misbehavior.
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Kouaib, Amel, Anis Jarboui und Khaireddine Mouakhar. „CEOs’ accounting-based attributes and earnings management strategies under mandatory IFRS adoption“. Journal of Applied Accounting Research 19, Nr. 4 (12.11.2018): 608–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-04-2017-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the moderating effect of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) experience/education and earnings management in European companies. Design/methodology/approach Data from a sample of 302 European firms listed on Stoxx Europe 600 index and 596 CEOs from 2000 to 2014 are used to test the moderation model using moderation regression analysis. Findings Evidence reveals that CEO’s accounting-based attributes are negatively associated with accruals-based earnings management and positively associated with real earnings management (REM). Further, mandatory IFRS adoption significantly moderates the impact of CEO’s accounting-based traits on earnings-management activities. Research limitations/implications A small number of European firms were studied and, given the long study period, many firms with missing data were eliminated. To avoid a small sample size, countries with few observations were included, which leads to an uneven distribution between observations per country. Practical implications Findings from this paper can help: European firms to consider demographic traits when recruiting or promoting executives; the IASB to improve enforcement mechanisms and make IFRS implementation mandatory; and audit committees to effectively monitor REM. Originality/value This study is unique in providing European evidence for the moderating effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on the relationship between CEOs’ accounting experience/education and earnings management activities. This paper is also relevant as it addresses the effectiveness and efficiency of accounting literates.
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Yu, Byung Hu. „A Study on the Improvement of Apartment Security System for the Development of Private Security“. Korean Society of Private Security 22, Nr. 5 (31.12.2023): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2023.22.5.21.
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In Korea, the private security industry, along with the police in charge of public security, plays an important part in maintaining social order and preventing crime. The private security industry is also developing along with economic growth, but the reality is that there are insufficient parts in terms of quality. Among the facility guards who perform most of the security work in Korea, the treatment of apartment security guards is still very poor. In 2020, the Apartment Housing Management Act was revised, and management tasks such as cleaning, separation collection, and assistance in management office work were included in the tasks of apartment security guards, and management tasks were legally added in addition to security tasks because they worked in apartment houses even though they were facility security guards.
In this study, the main problems of apartment security were the scope of work, short-term contracts, and indirect contracts, and the following improvement measures were suggested.
First, Article 65-2 of the Apartment Housing Management Act, which applies only to apartment security guards, should be deleted, and since apartment security guards are also facility security guards, the Security Business Act should be applied to focus on the maintenance of order, crime prevention, and risk prevention, and management should be performed by management office staff. Second, in order to prevent power abuse caused by indirect employment, the amendment to the Labor Standards Act, which includes “a person who conducts and supervises considerable work content and performance process even if he is not a party to the labor contract, and a person in a position to have substantial, specific control and influence over working conditions,” should be passed and implemented as soon as possible. Third, in order to prevent short-term contracts, local governments should expand and apply subsidies for maintaining the employment of security guards. Fourth, it is necessary to revitalize the Guards Association, an organization representing the interests of guards, to cope with unreasonable treatment of guards.
In order for Korea's private security to continue to grow, unreasonable treatment of apartment security guards should be improved.
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Fisenko, Andrey P., Anna G. Timofeeva, Rimma N. Terletskaya und Svetlana R. Konova. „Problems of legislation and law enforcement in the field of children’s health care“. Russian Pediatric Journal 23, Nr. 3 (03.07.2020): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2020-23-3-171-177.
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Introduction. The protection of children’s health is considered to be the most important among the state priorities. The aim of the study was to study the problems of legislation and legal enforcement in the field of children’s health protection to develop proposals for further improvement of its management. Materials and methods. Analysis of information in abstract databases of scientific publications and assessment of existing legislative framework related to children’s health protection in the Russian Federation. Results. The following issues were identified: lack of mechanisms for implementing the principle of priority of children’s health protection; violation of children’s rights when providing them with medical and preventive care within the framework of mandatory medical insurance and when providing paid medical services; insufficient quality of preventive medical examinations and preventive work in outpatient clinics and educational institutions. Existing standards of time for a patient to visit a pediatrician have been shown to have a negative impact on the quality of medical (including preventive) care for children. The need to create a regulatory framework for the legitimate introduction of the “early assistance” technologies and to establish a system of medical and social support for children in difficult situations had been justified. Issues of school medicine and regulation of juvenile labor require a legislative solution. Conclusion. The enhancement of existing legislation in the field of children’s health should consist not only in new legal mechanisms development and new laws adoption but also in improving the effectiveness of existing legal norms, i.e. improving law enforcement practices.
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Latuny, Richard, Eddy Supriyono, Sri Listyarini, Nur Hasanah und Subandiyono Subandiyono. „Strategi Pengembangan Budidaya Laut Di Kabupaten Raja Ampat Mariculture Development Strategy in Raja Ampat Regen“. Sains Akuakultur Tropis 6, Nr. 2 (13.04.2022): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/sat.v6i2.13946.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal and external environment as well as the right strategy for Raja Ampat Regency in the process of developing fisheries in Capture Fish cultivation. The research method used is the questionnaire method and in-depth interviews using FGD to obtain the SWOT variable (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunisities , Threats). The results showed that the strength of the Raja Ampat archipelago consisted of strategic geographical position, high potential of aquaculture, available cultivation land, and available labor. While the weaknesses consist of limited seed log size, fish mortality caused by disease, low water quality management, limited trash feed, limited capital, low skills, knowledge of cultivation technology, and limited access to markets. Opportunities for grouper farmers in Raja Ampat district consist of high fish prices, wide open market demand, increased income of coastal communities, absorption of labor, regional autonomy, RTRW / RTWRPL / Kab. Zoning Plans. Raja Ampat, National Policy in fisheries development. While threats consist of climate change / season, lack of market guarantee, determination of quality standards for aquaculture products, low capital support, safety, environmental pollution, and lack of enforcement of RTRW regulations for fisheries cultivation development. In this case, the right strategy in this case is maximizing strength in taking advantage of opportunities, taking advantage of opportunities to suppress weaknesses, maximizing strength to avoid threats, and suppressing weaknesses and avoiding threats.
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Admi, Salima. „SPL05 IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY STANDARDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH“. Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (01.07.2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0016.
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Abstract The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines decent work as the opportunity to carry out productive and adequately remunerated work in conditions of dignity, equality and safety in the workplace, and the right to decent work is recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To boost global efforts to ensure decent work with a safe and healthy working environment, the ILO has established a system of International Labor Standards (ILS) designed to strengthen opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work, in conditions of equity, security and dignity. Indeed, ILS are either conventions (or protocols), which are binding international treaties, open to ratification by Member States, or recommendations, which are non-binding guidelines. Among the international conventions, ten have been designated as fundamental for human rights, namely the conventions relating to freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor, effective abolition of child labor and elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation, as well as OSH (right to a safe and healthy working environment recognized as one of the fundamental principles and rights at work at the 110th session of the International Labor Conference). The ILO has adopted several conventions and recommendations on OSH which can be classified into three categories: conventions which address the fundamental principles of health and safety at work, conventions which deal with health and safety at work in certain branches of activity and conventions on certain specific risks. Implementing the provisions of these standards at the national level requires a commitment from the government to integrate them into national legislative and regulatory texts; and this in accordance with the directives of the ILO constitution, in particular article 19. In the same sense, the government also undertakes to present to the International Labor Office an annual report on the conventions ratified in accordance with the directives of the ILO constitution, in particular article 22. Furthermore, the said standards constitute a suitable reference framework to support nations in developing and improving their national OSH legislation and policies by providing guidance on the systemic approach to OSH management at all levels, from guidelines for the progressive establishment of a preventive culture based on a continuous provision of information, training and education in matters of OHS and by establishing directives and provisions in matters of OHS to be respected by the administration, employers and workers. Thus, the relevant ILO conventions on OSH, notably the Convention (No. 187) on the promotional framework for safety and health at work, and the Convention (No. 155) on OSH, defined national policies and specified their objectives, stakeholders as well as the tools for their implementation such as the national system and the national OSH program. In conclusion, OSH-ILS provide guidelines and guidance to governments for the development and implementation of public OSH policies, but also constitute a binding framework that can stimulate efforts at the national level and encourage constituents to have public OHS policies.
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Terela, H. V. „Historical and legal aspects of the transformation of the legal status of labor inspection in Ukraine“. TRANSFORMATION LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE IN MODERN CONDITIONS DOCTRINAL APPROACHES AND MEASUREMENTS, Nr. 14 (01.09.2023): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2023-14-366-371.
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The article examines the process of transformation for the legal status of labor inspection in independent Ukraine, taking into account the political and legal determinants that condition it. As a basis for distinguishing the conditional stages of development there were drawn normative and legal acts determined in historical retrospect and establish (in modern Ukraine) the legal status of the labor inspectorate as a specialized body for supervision and control over compliance with labor law. As a result of the conducted research there were determined five stages of labor inspection development in independent Ukraine: the first stage (September 23, 1991 – August 2, 1996) – the formation of special state bodies for supervision of compliance with labor and occupational safety law while simultaneously preserving the function of state supervision for legal and technical labor inspections as part of trade unions; the second stage (August 2, 1996 – November 29, 2000) – creation and functioning of the state inspection of the Labor Ministry in the status of a structural division for central apparatus of the Labor Ministry and territorial state inspections; the third stage (November 29, 2000 – April 6, 2011) – formation and functioning of the State Department for Supervision of Compliance with Labor Law (Derzhnaglyadpratsi) as a governmental body of state administration within the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy in Ukraine; the fourth stage (April 6, 2011 – February 11, 2015) formation and activity of the State Labor Inspectorate of Ukraine (State Labor) in the status of a central body for executive power; the fifth stage (from February 11, 2015) – formation and functioning of the State Labor Service of Ukraine in the status of a central body for executive power, endowed with broad powers to supervise and control compliance with labor law, employment of the population, mandatory state social insurance. It is emphasized that in the process of transformation there is a change in the organizational and legal status of the labor inspection together with the formation of an integrated system for supervision and control, which in theoretical sense implies a coherent and flexible concept structurally including administrative, procedural and technical integration. In practice, such a policy of labor management involves further improvement of the law enforcement practice for inspection, combining it with informational, advisory, analytical measures within the framework of the implementation for a comprehensive approach. It has been found out that functional integration, or the concentration of functions in a single state labor inspection service, is the predominant trend in the formation of the supervision and control system, capable of ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of control and supervision activities. Key words: labor law, transformation, legal status, labor inspection, control, supervision, inspection, international standards, principle of functional integration.
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Zalizniuk, Victoria, und Volodymyr Shchelkunov. „Investment attractiveness of Ukraine: realities and perspectives“. University Economic Bulletin, Nr. 48 (30.03.2021): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-148-154.
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Subject of research. The purpose of the study is the investment attractiveness of Ukraine and ways to improve using the Index of Investment Attractiveness of Ukraine. The purpose of writing this article is to identify ways to improve the investment climate in Ukraine. Methodology of work - methods of statistical analysis and synthesis, method of graphic modeling of investment attractiveness of economic climate in Ukraine. Results - As a result of the study, the following priorities were identified for 2021 to improve the investment climate in Ukraine: reboot of the judicial system; de-oligarchization of power; development of an effective and independent anti-corruption infrastructure; getting rid of bureaucracy; reduction of administrative and tax pressure on business; appointment of pro-European reformers to public office; restoration and support of cooperation with international financial institutions; law enforcement reform and effective fight against smuggling, including through increased fiscalization; establishing equal rules of the game for business. Scope of results. Economic branch: management of national economy, macroeconomics, economic theory. Conclusions. The biggest obstacles to the Ukrainian market as a result of the survey identified - exchange rate fluctuations, close ties between the economy and politics, insufficient legal order, corruption of public authorities, labor shortages and access to finance.
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Degnet, Mohammed B., Edwin van der Werf, Verina Ingram und Justus H. H. Wesseler. „Do Locals Have a Say? Community Experiences of Participation in Governing Forest Plantations in Tanzania“. Forests 11, Nr. 7 (20.07.2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11070782.
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As large-scale forest plantations expand in developing countries, concerns are rising about their relation to and integration with adjacent local communities. In developing countries with weak enforcement of property rights, private plantations are more likely than state-owned plantations to involve villagers in plantation’s activities in order to secure and guarantee their access to land and labor resources. Certification standards of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and adherence to responsible investment guidelines further strengthen this likelihood by requiring plantations to consult and engage local communities. Using household data from Tanzania, we assess households’ experiences with their participation in plantation activities by comparing the experiences of households in villages adjacent to private, FSC-certified plantations with those of households in villages adjacent to a non-certified, state-owned plantation. Our quantitative analyses show that households in the villages adjacent to the private, certified plantations are more likely to report to participate in plantation activities. Our results show that the certified plantations are more likely to respond to community complaints and grievances. We further find that male-headed households and households of plantation employees are more likely than female-headed households and households without plantation employees to participate in plantations’ activities. Our results imply that forest management certification can complement state policy approaches of sustainable forest management to enhance community participation in forest management.
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Lynch, Richard M., und Ismaila Mbaye. „Industrial Hygiene Review of Three Manufacturing Facilities in Senegal: Findings and Key Questions“. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 9, Nr. 4 (Februar 2000): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m7xj-knm7-mx1c-p7kv.
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An industrial hygiene review was conducted in pesticide, asbestos, and cement manufacturing facilities in Senegal to provide the Senegalese Ministry of Labor with recommendations for improving working conditions. Findings show severe under-reporting of occupational illnesses, and major shortcomings in terms of worker training, personal protective equipment use, emergency planning, and other traditional industrial hygiene controls. Despite these findings, a comparison between observed conditions and the proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Safety and Health Program Management standard shows that these companies would probably not be considered grossly non-compliant by U.S. standards, and suggests that strong regulatory enforcement of actual working conditions remains a necessity. This analysis also suggests that compliance with the proposed standard would not in itself assure that such dire shortcomings as were observed could not legally exist here in the United States. Key differences between the political economies of developing nations and the United States suggest that improving working conditions requires a comprehensive planning effort addressing poverty reduction, environmental considerations, and economic growth. Three fundamental questions are proposed which should be addressed to improve working conditions in Senegal.
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Kalina, Peter. „Efficiency, Effectiveness and Wellness in the post-COVID Workplace“. Humanities and Social Science Research 5, Nr. 1 (07.03.2022): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v5n1p1.
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In 1840, organized labor compelled factory owners to limit their workdays to eight hours. Subsequent to this action, management discovered that output actually increased, while mistakes and accidents decreased. In 1916, the Adamson Act established an eight-hour day for railroad workers. This was the first federal law that regulated the hours of workers in private companies. The eight-hour day became a standard for most workers in 1937, when the Fair Labor Standards Act was first proposed under the New Deal (Samuel, 2000).
Before COVID changed perceptions about how people could accomplish their tasks, leaders expected employees to put in long days at the office, and then respond to emails at all hours. They were expected to willingly donate nights, weekends, and vacation time; all without complaining (Carmichael, 2015). The organizational charts of many companies have work cascading from the top of the organizational pyramid down to the bottom. In that version, we work long hours because authority figures (our bosses) tell us to. Managers want their employees to be “Humble, Hungry, and Smart” (Lecioni, 2016). The problem with “hungry” is that a work ethic equating with excess work hours (or the perception of busyness) is an old-school management philosophy that is not sustainable. It leads to overwork, diminished effectiveness, and burnout. That’s not to say we can’t work very hard or for very long hours. We can. We just can’t do it routinely. A week of 60 hours to resolve a crisis is very different from chronic overwork. Predictable, required time off makes teams more productive (Perlow, 2009).
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Halai, V. O. „Foreign experience of implementing ethical values in the anti-corruption policy of private and public sector organizations“. Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, Nr. 2 (11.05.2024): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2024.02.69.
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The author analyzed and systematized the experience of foreign countries regarding the peculiarities of the implementation of ethical values in the anti-corruption policy of private and public sector organizations. Senior management when implementing anticorruption standards, regardless of the form of ownership of the organization, when making management decisions, should be guided by their own ethical beliefs regarding their actions, display of integrity, ethics, influence on employees of lower management levels regarding the example of the prevalence of anti-corruption standards when making management decisions. The importance of the Codes of Ethics in encouraging the top management of the USA, EU, and Great Britain in the formation of organizational ethics and the reputation of international companies was established, and the strategic importance of leadership in the prevention of corruption in the formation of anti-corruption programs and the fight against corruption risks was determined in his work on leadership in the prevention of corruption. The experience of the USA, the EU, and Great Britain has shown that compliance with ethical behavior by the middle and lower ranks and, accordingly, the reduction of corruption risks, is mainly implemented taking into account the example set by the management in conducting the company's business. It has been found that the main ways of creating an ethical atmosphere are: establishment of values and principles of the organization, approval of Codes of Ethics, internal control, accountability, regular informing and holding of training events by the management with its mandatory participation regarding ethical values, trust in the management and its personal compliance on issues of corporate ethics in the absence of an ethics officer position. The practice of management implementation of ethical values in the anti-corruption policy of public authorities in Australia has shown that the ways of such implementation can be: the introduction of external control procedures open to the public, as well as confidential reporting procedures for senior management. The experience of Liberia, Kenya, and Georgia regarding leadership and corruption in the management of companies and in the public service as one of the main causes of civil wars is analyzed. Positive practices regarding the use of anti-corruption policy and the establishment of the role of leaders in the management of African countries have become the implementation of anti-corruption policy and strategy in the top management of countries, decentralization of power and the practice of identifying and returning illegally obtained funds of government officials to state accounts. The author summarizes effective ways of implementing ethical values in public sector organizations, using the example of Georgia, namely: political loyalty of management in the field of management in the fight against corruption; implementation of e-governance and e-services, long-term investments in building a corporate ethical culture, implementation of a mechanism for direct access to information on combating bribery to the company's top management, and encouraging employees to report suspicious activity related to corruption. Using the example of Estonia, the peculiarities of the role of management in overcoming corruption, the implementation of anti-corruption initiatives, certain trends regarding the role of the leadership of the law enforcement sphere in anti-corruption policy have been established. Estonian legislation has formed trends regarding the identification of the role of management in the formation of anticorruption culture in law enforcement agencies through organizational views on corruption and the views of managers on overcoming corruption, in particular: the openness of top management to discussing anti-corruption issues in relation to their own organizations; focus on the organizational culture of non-perception of corruption starting from the top management level; integration into everyday practice of existing ethical standards; prevention of corruption risks associated with senior officials of organizations.
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Hutabarat, Rugun Romaida, Marcus Priyo und Aroma Elmina Martha. „Highlighting the State of Correctional Institutions in Indonesia After the Prisoner Assimilation Policy in The Covid-19 Pandemic“. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, Nr. 1 (29.01.2024): e3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.3085.
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to show the condition of correctional institutions in Indonesia after the Covid-19 outbreak, where at that time the government implemented an assimilation policy as a limitation on social distancing.
Theoretical framework: The problem of criminal implementation in Indonesia has received ongoing attention. The implementation of punishment should be adjusted to correctional standards in accordance with correctional objectives which cannot be separated from the rights of prisoners which are difficult to achieve in conditions of overcapacity.
Design/methodology/approach: This research is qualitative by drawing conclusions based on the orientation of data output from the Indonesian Directorate General of Corrections. Where the author will provide conclusions on the condition of correctional institutions after the 2020 assimilation policy, which has pros and cons in society, whether it will have a positive effect in the long term or not. If we refer to global correctional standards, the amount of capacity is the basis for assessing the achievement of correctional goals.
Findings: Based on Permenkumham Number 32 of 2020 regarding assimilation as a policy to limit social distancing and protect the rights of prisoners during the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been shown that something that is considered a good answer to the overcapacity of prisons in almost all regional offices in Indonesia is in fact not providing significant change. Data from correctional institutions in all provincial regional offices in Indonesia shows that the total number of inmates in 2019 was 199,965 inmates, in 2020 there were 205,484 and in 2022 there were 225,877 inmates with a maximum capacity of 137,031.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The problem of criminal implementation is in the spotlight due to overcapacity in almost all correctional institutions. It would be best for the government, in this case the Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights, to look for alternatives to criminal enforcement in the future.
Originality/value: The research results show that the condition of prisons after the Covid-19 pandemic has not shown any changes to date. The hope of assimilation as an answer to the problem of overcapacity is not in line with the large number of prisoners held in 33 provinces as regional offices implementing corrections.
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Santalova, M. S., I. V. Soklakova, V. V. Gorlov und A. M. Kublanov. „IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE“. Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 13, Nr. 4 (2020): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2020-13-4-223-229.
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The article discusses the experience of selected countries (Canada, USA, Sweden, Finland, France, great Britain) in the management of social indicators of quality of life in the housing utility complex (HUC); the conclusion is that in Russia it is necessary to change the control system for the FCC and the evaluation of management effectiveness. It is revealed that. the US experience is focused on effective achievements in this area; the UK experience allows us to highlight the constantly updated “ standards of the greatest value of public services”; the Swedish experience suggests using models of housing and communal services management that interact with the authorities. It was revealed that in Finland housing and communal services (housing and utilities) is a business. In the research the principles of assessing the performance of managers taking important public decisions in the housing sector, examines not only economic but also social efficiency of housing services in the office. It is proposed to apply the process approach the efficiency of the management of HMO (system, expert, calculation and estimation), the model «discounts», model «depreciation», to introduce a unified system of assessment of housing management in the whole country, taking into account international experience. Expert evaluation of management efficiency in housing should be charged to public organizations, operating without the intervention of the state, municipal authorities, for example, homeowners or people with housing in hiring, which will create a competitive environment in the market of housing and communal services will lead to greater choice for consumers and improve the efficiency of managerial labor in this field.
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Saleh Qasim Maghrabah, Fahd, Mohammad Qasim Ali Qahwan und Abdul Karim Muhammad Al-Raidi. „Evaluating the performance of the Education Office in Amran Governorate according to Malcolm Baldrige standards for quality and institutional excellence from the point of view of the office leaders“. Journal of the Arabian Peninsula Center for Educational and Humanity Researches 2, Nr. 13 (31.03.2022): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56793/pcra2213126.
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Abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Education Office in Amran Governorate according to Malcolm Baldrige’s standards of quality and institutional excellence from the point of view of working leaders and the impact of variables (gender, workplace, educational qualification, job grade, years of experience) on the sample answers; The researchers used the descriptive analytical survey method, and a questionnaire of (69) phrases divided into seven areas; It was distributed to a stratified sample of (39) respondents from the office leaders, and using the (SPSS) program, the results of the study showed that the overall performance got an overall average (3.13 out of 5) with a grade (sometimes), and at the level of fields; Strategic planning got the highest average (3.31), then leadership and responsibility with an average of (3.28), and thirdly: focus on beneficiaries with an average of (3.27) and fourthly, human resources care with an average of (3.25), then operations management with an average of (3.09). Sixth: Information systems management with an average of (2.94) and finally: focus on results and quality of outputs with an average of (2.76), all of which are verbally evaluated (sometimes) as the results showed; There were no statistically significant differences at (α≤0.05) according to the five study variables, and based on the results, the researchers recommended spreading a culture of quality and excellence in the Amran Education Office and its affiliated departments, providing salaries to employees, activating the information systems in monitoring, follow-up and evaluation, Taking care of human resources training, and focusing on the beneficiaries; By activating communication between the office, society and employers in the labor market, and finally involving the departments in the directorates in important decisions, in addition to proposals for complementary studies on the subject. Keywords: performance appraisal, Department of Education in Amran Governorate, Malcolm Baldrige Quality Standards, leaders' viewpoint. الملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم أداء مكتب التربية والتعليم بمحافظة عمران وفقاً لمعايير مالكولم بالدريج للجودة والتميز المؤسسي من وجهة نظر القيادات العاملين وأثر متغيرات (النوع، مكان العمل، المؤهل العلمي، الدرجة الوظيفية، سنوات الخبرة) في إجابات العينة؛ واستخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي المسحي التحليلي، واستبانة من (69) عبارة مقسمة على سبعة مجالات؛ تم توزيعها على عينة طبقية بلغت (39) مستجيبا من قيادات المكتب، وباستخدام البرنامج (SPSS) بينت نتائج الدراسة حصول عموم الأداء على متوسط كلي (3.13 من5) بتقدير (أحياناً)، وعلى مستوى المجالات؛ حصل التخطيط الاستراتيجي على أعلى متوسط (3.31) ثم القيادة والمسؤولية بمتوسط (3.28) وثالثا: التركيز على المستفيدين بمتوسط (3.27) ورابعاً العناية بالموارد البشرية بمتوسط (3.25) ثم إدارة العمليات بمتوسط (3.09) وسادسا: إدارة نظم المعلومات بمتوسط (2.94) وأخيراً: التركيز على النتائج وجودة المخرجات بمتوسط (2.76) وجميعها بتقييم لفظي (أحياناً) كما بينت النتائج؛ عدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيا عند (α≤0.05) تبعاً لمتغيرات الدراسة الخمسة، واستناداً للنتائج أوصى الباحثون بنشر ثقافة الجودة والتميز في مكتب التربية عمران والإدارات التابعة له، وتوفير الرواتب للموظفين، والموازنة التشغيلية للمكتب، وتفعيل نظم المعلومات في الرقابة والمتابعة والتقييم، والعناية بتدريب الموارد البشرية، والتركيز على المستفيدين؛ بتفعيل التواصل بين المكتب والمجتمع وأرباب سوق العمل، وأخيرا إشراك الإدارات في المديريات في القرارات المهمة، إضافة إلى مقترحات بدراسات مكملة في الموضوع. الكلمات المفتاحية: تقييم الأداء، إدارة التربية والتعليم بمحافظة عمران، معايير مالكوم بالدريج للجودة، وجهة نظر القيادات.
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Mizambekova, Zh K., K. B. Zhumanazarov und A. S. Baizakova. „Legal responsibility in agricultural relations“. Problems of AgriMarket, Nr. 2 (30.06.2024): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2024-2.2708-9991.05.
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In modern conditions of modernization of state agricultural policy, the role of agricultural law, subject of legal regulation, protection of the interests of the entities of agricultural sector, and ensuring food security of the republic is increasing. The goal is to study the features of agricultural legal relations, identifying main problems associated with the application of legal liability. Analysis of the state, use of rules and norms of agricultural legislation and development of measures aimed to support, stimulate, and protect the rights of agricultural producers in Kazakhstan. The methods are based on materials from domestic and foreign scientists, scientific publications, and changes in legislative regulations. A comparative analysis and assessment of legal relations in agro-industrial production were used. Results - the state of affairs is considered and important issues of application of legal responsibility in the context of lawful actions and its features are identified. Various types of violations of legal obligations are analyzed: non-compliance with land use rules, sanitary and hygienic requirements, environmental standards - illegal use of pesticides, abuse of antibiotics in raising livestock, violation of environmental standards that can pollute water or damage the soil. Conclusions - the authors propose a number of effective measures to improve legal behavior in agricultural entities: strengthening control by the state law enforcement agencies, creating more effective punishment mechanisms, increasing awareness of participants in agricultural legal relations, which will prevent unfair practices and will promote conservation of natural resources and environment. Agricultural law presupposes land, property, labor, financial, and management relations in agriculture. This contributes to organizational, production and economic activities of agricultural production entities in accordance with the goals of entrepreneurship in agricultural sector.
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Михайлова, Татьяна, Tat'yana Mihaylova, Айс Джонов und Ais Dshonov. „Problems of destructive relations in oficial collectives of organs of internal affairs“. Applied psychology and pedagogy 3, Nr. 4 (10.12.2018): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c0809025f5f47.13738257.
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Considering the conditions and specifics of work, the constant tension of the labor process, service in the organs of internal affairs is undoubtedly one of the most difficult types of professional activity. Thus, according to the indicators of tension, it belongs to the 3rd class of complexity.
Practically all areas of operational and service activity of the internal Affairs bodies imply collective work, with a large number of employees United by the solution of complex state tasks on protection of life, health, rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens, stateless persons, for combating crime, protection of public order, property and for ensuring public safety.
In such a situation, special attention should be paid to the moral and psychological climate, which is formed in one or another staff of the internal Affairs bodies as a result of constant interaction both in office and outside it.
In modern conditions of constant reforming, optimization of structure and regular number of the Ministry of internal Affairs among employees of law-enforcement bodies various negative interrelations which in General can be characterized as destructive are shown.
The need to strengthen the discipline among the employees of the internal Affairs bodies by constantly monitoring the socio-psychological climate in the team and the formation of optimal relationships in the service teams is one of the most important psychological and pedagogical tasks of the entire management of the Ministry of internal Affairs at all levels.
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Jukrisno, Jeki, Ramon Nofrizal und Bachtiar Simatupang. „Analisis Yuridis Pengawasan Manifes Penumpang Untuk Mewujudkan Kelaiklautan Kapal (Studi Penelitian di Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Khusus Batam)“. Wajah Hukum 7, Nr. 1 (30.04.2023): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v7i1.1147.
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In a maritime country like Indonesia, the role of shipping in the socio-economic life of the population is very important, the sea and ships are a unity of transportation systems at sea that cannot be separated, history proves the movement of trade and distribution of population with the use of human labor, starting from rowing boats, installing sails, to being driven by machines and we arrive at the term shipping for water transportation activities at sea, To be able to create shipping conditions as expected, every voyage must prioritize seaworthy conditions. The problem in this study is how to apply passenger manifest supervision to achieve ship seaworthiness, how to regulate passenger manifest supervision to achieve ship seaworthiness, and what factors hinder passenger manifest supervision to achieve ship seaworthiness. This research uses normative techniques (legal research) with sociological and descriptive research types to collect primary data through field research. Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, which regulates the responsibility and authority of harbour master as one of the pioneers of shipping safety supervision, as well as seaworthiness standards for ships before obtaining sailing permits. The study's conclusion is that since governments are responsible for making and enforcing laws, they are expected to create specific laws and regulations that address the authority of law enforcement organizations at sea so that they can serve as a starting point for the prosecution of maritime offenses, streamline shipping, improve inter-agency surveillance, and safeguard the jurisdiction of waters.
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Chen, Li, Shiqing Yao und Kaijie Zhu. „Responsible Sourcing Under Supplier-Auditor Collusion“. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 22, Nr. 6 (November 2020): 1234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2019.0861.
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Problem definition: Although they enjoy low costs in sourcing from emerging economies, global brands also face serious brand and reputation risks from their suppliers’ noncompliance with environmental and labor standards. Such a supplier problem can be viewed as a process quality problem concerning how products are sourced and produced. Academic/practical relevance: Addressing this problem is a key component of many global companies’ responsible sourcing programs. A common approach is to use an audit as an auxiliary supplier screening mechanism. However, in regions with lax law enforcement, an unethical, noncomplying supplier may attempt to bribe an unethical auditor to pass the audit. Such supplier-auditor collusion compromises the integrity of the audit and weakens its effectiveness. Methodology: In this paper, we develop a game-theoretical model to study the effect of supplier-auditor collusion on the buyer’s auditing and contracting strategy in responsible sourcing, as well as various driving factors that help reduce collusion. Results: We show that the buyer’s equilibrium contracting strategy is a shutout contract that takes three different forms, depending on the collusion risk level. We also define and analyze the screening errors and social efficiency loss caused by supplier-auditor collusion. By comparing the cost versus collusion elimination trade-off between a third-party audit and an in-house audit, we offer explanations for why many global brands fully rely on third-party audits and set higher process quality requirements for suppliers located in high-risk countries. The robustness of our insights is verified by two model extensions: one involving additional supplier audit cost and the other allowing for supplier process quality improvement before audit. Managerial implications: These model insights provide useful theoretical support and baseline guidance for the current supplier audit practices in responsible sourcing. Our extended model analysis further demonstrates the importance for global brands to lobby local governments to increase collusion penalties and to promote the ethical level of the third-party auditors located in high-risk countries.
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Hossain, Khandakar Akhter. „Evaluation of Ship Recycling Industry in View of Present Global Circumstances and Way Forward“. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research 10, Nr. 1 (20.02.2024): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20241001.14.
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Ship recycling, commonly referred to as ship dismantling, is an inherently sustainable practice with global implications. It involves the reverse engineering process of disassembling obsolete ships to recover reusable materials in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Over the past two decades, ships have predominantly been beached in South Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, China, and Pakistan, allowing local yards to dismantle vessels with moderate preventive measures and substantial manual labor. Ship recycling stands as a significant and environmentally conscious industry, witnessing the annual recycling of approximately 1000 obsolete ships globally. Currently, this industry is predominantly led by three South Asian countries—India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. In Bangladesh, the industry commenced with the dismantling of stranded ships, evolving into a large and profitable sector that generates substantial employment opportunities for thousands of semi-skilled workers in poverty-prone areas. While the ship recycling industry presents opportunities, it also poses challenges for coastal zone management, encompassing environmental, law enforcement, and worker safety concerns. The surge in demand for ship recycling has prompted increased regulatory scrutiny at both national and international levels. This pressure culminated in the development of the Hong Kong International Convention (HKC) by the IMO in 2009, mandating safety and environmental protection standards at recycling yards. Achieving a perfectly green ship recycling process in line with European standards is inherently costly. However, a viable and almost green ship recycling approach, integrating the current common practice of beaching methods in Asian countries, is entirely feasible. Despite limitations and challenges, the industry significantly contributes to Bangladesh's GDP and the overall socio-economic landscape. Currently, there has been a visible reduction in Bangladesh's market share due to stringent environmental regulations, while competitors have experienced increases. This study represents an analytical effort to evaluate the current global ship recycling scenario, exploring its potential, challenges, and the future trajectory of both local and global ship recycling industries.