Dissertationen zum Thema „Office equipments and supplies“

A simplified computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer (CFD-HT) model of an electronics enclosure was developed. The compact model was based on a server simulator, which dissipates a variable amount of heat at an adjustable air flow rate. Even though a server simulator does not accurately represent the geometry of an actual electronics enclosure, the modeling of such a unit deals with many of the same issues as the modeling of actual enclosures. Even at the server simulator level, a disparity in length scales prevents detailed modeling of intricate components most notably grilles, fins, and fans. Therefore, a compact model for each of these components was developed. Fan performance curves were determined experimentally for varying fan rotational speeds. In addition, component pressure drop characteristics were found experimentally for grilles and fin banks, and these empirical relationships were applied to the model as well. To determine the validity of the simplifications employed in the model, experimental outlet temperature and velocity measurements were taken to compare to those provided by the CFD-HT simulations.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2000.
Also available online on DSpace at MIT.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 88).
The concept of office supplies superstores doesn't exist in Chile. This thesis defines an entry strategy for this concept in Chile. The thesis is divided into two areas: 1. An analysis of the office supply industry in the USA mainly represented by Staples. This work is based on the application of the Delta Model. This part includes an analysis of the environment, a detail analysis of Staples (mission, organization, the store, business strategy, operations, marketing, expansion, web, acquisition and financial analysis) and a structural analysis of the industry (Porter's five-forces model.) 2. The second part of the thesis consists of a Business Plan to introduce such model in Chile by evaluating the following factors: the market, the competition, investment required, distribution strategy, operational plan, sales and marketing, exit strategies, risks and financial projections.
by Andres Mac-Lean.
M.B.A.

The thesis reviews the opening conditions of the British economy and the evolution of offshore technology before examining the re~tions ofthe private sector and of government, particularly the formation, functions and operations ofthe Offshore Supplies Office. The 'The Full and Fair Opportunity' agreement with UKOOA and the role of 'UK content' and the sponsorship ofR & D in licence awards are considered. Relations With the USA, Norway and other European countries, as well as the European Commission are covered, including the ending ofthe Interest Relief Grant Scheme and the impact ofthe European Single Market. Case studies showing the performance ofBritish business in the contract drilling and drilling fluids market segments and of four companies, British Underwater Engineering, Expro International, Trafalgar House and the Wood Group illustrate key determinants of success or failure. ' After the tes~ing ofexplanatory propositions, a range of measures that might have improved British industrial performance is suggested.

El presente proyecto sobre útiles escolares o artículos de oficina nos muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución, este proyecto está dirigido a padres de familia y personas que laboran en oficinas que viven, trabajan o radican en la zona 7 de Lima Metropolitana, nos estamos refiriendo a los distritos de San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Surco y La Molina. Nos hemos enfocado en ese target, debido a que según nuestras investigaciones se les hace muy complicado la compra de útiles escolares a inicios de cada año escolar a los padres de familia, y por otro lado a las personas que laboran en oficina se les hace complicado comprar distintos artículos por su falta de tiempo, ambos coinciden en que es tedioso hacer estas comprar por el tiempo, la comodidad, los precios, entre otros. Es por eso que Utilibro ofrece útiles escolares o artículos de oficina a unos precios menores a los del mercado, adicionando un servicio de delivery para simplificar la vida de los consumidores.
This project about office and school supplies shows the viability of its execution. It is focused on both parents with children aged 6 to 17 and office men that live in the districts of San Borja, San Isidro, Miraflores, Santiago de Surco and La Molina from Metropolitan Lima. We targeted those segments because our investigation concluded that it is difficult for parents to acquire all the school supplies required at the beginning of the academic year and office men usually don’t have the time to invest in buying supplies for their workplace. Both segments coincide in the fact that it is tedious to get those supplies for a matter of time, confort, pricing, etc. That’s why Utilibro offers the solution by selling both school and office supplies at a lower cost and delivers the orders to the place designed by our customers.
Trabajo de investigación

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Electronic commerce is growing around the world and does not behave differently in Brazil. In this sense, Frost & Sullivan (2014) estimates that e-commerce in the B2B market is expected to move around US $ 6.7 trillion worldwide by 2020, more than double that predicted for B2C e-commerce, which is $ 3.2 trillion. The office supplies industry, which integrates the B2B market and the distribution industry, promoting indirect purchasing and procurement solutions for small, medium and large companies, faces the challenge of using e-commerce and the impacts that this technology can generate in the management model of sales professionals. In view of the foregoing, the general objective of this work is to understand the impacts of the use of e-commerce on the work of sales professionals in the B2B market in the office supplies industry. In addition, it was possible to identify the differences and similarities, between the vision of the commercial managers and the professionals of sales professionals, as well as the new demands and challenges for the management of the workforce in the sector. In relation to the methodology used, two types of research were chosen: the first exploratory in books and academic articles, and the second by qualitative exploratory research in which eight sales professionals and three commercial managers were interviewed, among the three largest companies of the office supplies industry of the State of São Paulo. The results of the survey are: the use of e-commerce has an impact on the work of sales professionals as it changes careers, vendors' remuneration and performance patterns, turning these professionals into product-oriented and support-oriented consultants to the client portfolio. This creates a conflict between e-commerce and the traditional sales channel to be administered, as there is a perception of competition between the technology tool and the salespeople's work; context in which the visions of the sales professionals and the managers do not agree on the impacts. Finally, the contributions of this study, as far as its extension goes, go beyond the academic environment and serve to alert B2B professionals in the office supply industry about the changes in work and the challenges of their careers
O comércio eletrônico vem crescendo ao redor do mundo e não se comporta de maneira diferente no Brasil. Nesse sentido, pesquisa da Frost & Sullivan (2014) estima que o comércio eletrônico no mercado B2B deve movimentar em torno de US$ 6,7 trilhões ao redor do mundo até 2020, mais que o dobro do previsto para o comércio eletrônico B2C, que é de US$ 3,2 trilhões. A indústria de office supplies, que integra o mercado B2B e o setor de distribuição, promovendo soluções de compras e aquisições de produtos indiretos para pequenas, médias e grandes empresas, enfrenta o desafio do uso do comércio eletrônico e dos impactos que essa tecnologia pode gerar no modelo de gestão dos profissionais de vendas. Frente ao exposto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é compreender os impactos do uso do comércio eletrônico no trabalho dos profissionais de vendas no mercado B2B na indústria de office supplies. Complementarmente, foi possível identificar as diferenças e as semelhanças, entre a visão dos gestores comerciais e a dos profissionais de vendas, assim como as novas demandas e desafios para a gestão da força de trabalho no setor. Em relação à metodologia utilizada, optou-se por dois tipos de pesquisas: a primeira exploratória em livros e artigos acadêmicos, e a segunda por meio de pesquisa qualitativa exploratória na qual foram entrevistados oito profissionais de vendas e três gestores comerciais, entre as três maiores empresas da indústria de office supplies do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados apurados pela pesquisa são: o uso do comércio eletrônico causa impacto no trabalho dos profissionais de vendas, na medida em que altera as carreiras, o padrão de remuneração e de atuação dos vendedores, transformando esses profissionais em consultores focados em produtos e no suporte à carteira de clientes. Isso gera um conflito entre o comércio eletrônico e o canal tradicional de vendas a ser administrado, na medida em que há uma percepção de concorrência entre a ferramenta tecnológica e o trabalho dos vendedores; contexto no qual as visões dos profissionais de vendas e as dos gestores não coincidem quanto aos impactos. Por último, as contribuições deste estudo, na medida de sua ampliação, vão além do ambiente acadêmico e servem para alertar os profissionais do mercado B2B na indústria de office supplies sobre as mudanças do trabalho e os desafios de suas carreiras

Orientador: Antônio Carlos Varela Saraiva
Banca : Vladir Wagner Ribas
Banca: José Benedito Oliveira Amorim
Resumo: Manutenções preventivas ou manutenções centradas na confiabilidade são ações sistemáticas, normalmente programadas, de controle e monitoramento, objetivando a redução de falhas com o aumento da usabilidade de equipamentos. Defeitos em máquinas, equipamentos ou em processos são fonte de prejuízos para clínicas e consultórios odontológicos, caso estes venham apresentar falhas de funcionamento ou simplesmente deixem de cumprir a função fim. Tais manutenções já são usufruídas pela indústria que visam programar paradas em equipamentos ou processos antes que falhas ocorram. Estas programações levam em consideração: a) o tempo que o equipamento ou processo deverá ficar parado para a execução de ajustes de variáveis de processo; b) substituição de componentes antes do fim da vida útil prevenindo dano pelo uso; c) planejamento da substituição do equipamento como um todo ou parte deste, no próprio local ou fora das instalações, conforme necessário. Falhas ocasionam algum impacto no faturamento em postos de serviço odontológico, pois geram retrabalho para o odontologista que tem parte de seu tempo que deveria ser produtivo, indisponível para o trabalho. Neste trabalho foi realizada uma pesquisa com diversos profissionais da área de odontologia, que utilizam equipamentos sujeitos a falhas. A partir da pesquisa foi identificado que compressores de ar são os equipamentos que mais geram prejuízos. Um equipamento embarcado de gestão, monitoramento e aviso foi projetado e desenvolvido para o ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Preventive maintenance or maintenance focused on reliability are systematic actions, usually scheduled, of control and monitoring, aiming to reduce failures with increasing usability of equipment. Defects in machines, equipment or processes are a source of damage to clinics and dental offices, if they are malfunctioning or simply fail to fulfill the purpose. Such maintenance is already used by the industry, which aims at scheduling stops at equipment or processes before failures occur. These schedules take into consideration: a) the time that the equipment or process should be stopped for the execution of adjustments of process variables; b) replacement of components before the end of the useful life preventing damage by the use; c) planning the replacement of the equipment as a whole or part thereof, on-site or off-site as required. Failures cause some impact on the billing at dental service stations, because they generate rework for the dentist who has part of his time that should be productive, unavailable for work. In this work a research was carried out with several dentistry professionals, who use equipment subject to failure. From the research it was identified that air compressors are the most damaging equipment. An embedded management, monitoring and warning equipment has been designed and developed to assist in the management of preventive maintenance of air compressors in clinics and dental offices
Mestre

Introdução: Em pacientes sob intubação endotraqueal os mecanismos fisiológicos de climatização do ar inspirado são anulados. Durante anestesia geral, quando os gases inspiratórios são ofertados secos e frios, a manutenção da umidade das vias aéreas é condição importante para prevenção de lesões da mucosa respiratória e ressecamento das secreções. Os sistemas de anestesia possuem propriedades de umidicação inerentes, decorrentes do sistema respiratório circular e a presença do absorvedor de CO2. Entretanto, os níveis de umidificação, durante a anestesia, dependem de vários fatores incluindo o tipo de ventilador anestésico, montagem do sistema respiratório e o fluxo de gás fresco utilizado. Porém não há dados na literatura que tenham investigado o efeito nos níveis de umidade do gás inspirado nas propriedades físicas e de transportabilidade do muco respiratório. Objetivo: Avaliar os níveis de Temperatura (T), umidade absoluta (UA) e umidade relativa (UR) do ar inspirado durante anestesia geral oferecidos pelo sistema circular valvular com absorção de CO2 e com a adição do HME em dois tipos de ventiladores (Dräger e Takaoka). Avaliar os efeitos do HME sobre os níveis de Temperatura e Umidade dos gases inspirados ofertados pelos dois equipamentos. Avaliar o impacto da umidade sobre as propriedades físicas e de transportabilidade do muco respiratório. Método: Foram selecionados 44 pacientes da Clínica Cirúrgica II do Departamento de Gastroenterologia do HCFMUSP com indicação de cirurgia abdominal eletiva e anestesia geral com duração superior a 4 horas. Os pacientes foram alocados em 4 grupos conforme o tipo do ventilador utilizado (Dräger ou Takaoka) e a presença ou ausência do HME. O muco respiratório e os dados de temperatura, UR e UA do gás ofertado foram coletados logo após a intubação endotraqueal, e a cada duas horas até o final da cirurgia. A análise do muco respiratório foi realizada através dos seguintes métodos: Transportabilidade mucociliar (MCT), em palato de rã; Transportabilidade pela tosse (TT), através da máquina simuladora da tosse e as propriedades de superfície, através do Ângulo de contato (AC). Resultado: O ventilador Dräger foi significantemente mais efetivo em ofertar níveis mais altos de T, UA e UR comparado ao ventilador Takaoka. A adição do HME aumentou a T e UA nos dois equipamentos. A UR aumentou somente no ventilador Takaoka. Houve um aumento do TMC e da TT no grupo que apresentou níveis mais altos de umidade (i.e. Dräger + HME). O AC não mostrou diferenças entre os quatro grupos. A análise longitudinal mostrou que o TMC foi positivamente afetado com o aumento da UA e UR. A TT foi positivamente afetada com a adição do HME. Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostram que o ventilador Dräger produziu níveis significantemente mais altos de umidade comparados ao ventilador Takaoka e que a adição do HME aumentou os níveis de umidade nos dois equipamentos estudados. Os equipamentos anestésicos e a adição do HME afetaram os níveis de umidade ofertados ao paciente durante a anestesia geral, e essas mudanças influenciaram a transportabilidade do muco respiratório
Background: In patients who are intubated, the natural mechanism of gas climatization by the nose and the upper airway is bypassed. During anesthesia, when the inspiratory gases are cold and dry, humidification of gases is recommended to prevent drying of the mucosal epithelium and respiratory secretions. The anesthesia systems have inherent humidifying properties as a result of the valvular rebreathing of some of the expired humidity and of the production of water in the CO2 absorber. However, the level of moisture in anesthetic ventilation is critically dependent on several factors that include the equipment, the arrangement of the circle breathing system and the fresh gas flow. To date the effect of humidity on respiratory mucus properties and transportability was not investigated. Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the humidity and temperature of the inspired gas from a circle absorber system in two different ventilators (Dräger and Takaoka) and the effect of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on the inspired gas. Furthermore, we also evaluated the impact of humidity on in vitro mucus transportability and physical properties. Methods: We studied 44 patients with no pulmonary disease scheduled for elective surgery that were randomly allocated in four groups according to the anesthetic equipment (Dräger or Takaoka) and the absence or presence of HME. Respiratory mucus was collected and Temperature (T), absolute humidity (AH), relative humidity (RH) of inspired gases were recorded immediately after intubation (T0) and every 2 hours. In vitro respiratory mucus was studied by mucociliary transportability (MCT) by the frog palate method; cough clearance (CC) by the cough equipment, and contact angle (CA) by direct observation. Results: Dräger equipment delivered significantly higher levels of RH and AH when compared to Takaoka. The addition of HME increased AH and T in both equipments. RH was improved only in the Takaoka equipment. MCT, CC showed a non-significant trend to be higher in the group that provided the highest humidity (i.e Dräger + HME). CA did not change among groups. Longitudinal analysis showed that MCT was positively affected by an increase in AH and RH. CC was positively affected by the addition of HME. Conclusion: Our results showed that Dräger equipment was more effective in humidifying anesthetic gas than Takaoka. The performance of both equipments was improved when HME was added. The anesthetic equipment and the addition of HME affect the humidity delivered to the patient that in turn influences in vitro respiratory mucus transportability

El presente planteamiento de negocio consiste en el desarrollo de un canal de ventas online con una propuesta de valor distinta a los servicios tradicionales que actualmente existe en el mercado. El proyecto muestra información relevante, obtenido tanto de fuentes primarias como fuentes secundarias. De esta manera, se brinda todas las facilidades para que padres de familia o jóvenes puedan realizar compras en internet, y tengan la oportunidad de comprar sus útiles escolares de acuerdo con el precio, marca, color que prefieran y lo reciban en su casa en el horario que ellos decidan. Se plantea al público objetivo una propuesta innovadora, de fácil acceso a la plataforma y con precios acorde al mercado. En su etapa inicial estará al servicio de toda la zona 7 de lima (Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco, La Molina) y se tiene como proyección a mediano plazo estar a disposición de todo Lima.
The present business approach consists of the development of an online sales channel with a value proposition different from the traditional services that currently exist in the market. The project displays relevant information, obtained from both primary and secondary sources. In this way, all the facilities are provided so that parents or young people can make purchases on the internet, and have the opportunity to buy their school supplies according to the price, brand, color they prefer and receive it at home at the time let them decide. An innovative proposal is presented to our target audience, with easy access to the platform and with prices according to the market.In its initial stage it will be at the service of the entire zone 7 of Lima (Miraflores, San Isidro, San Borja, Surco, La Molina) and the medium-term projection is to be available to all of Lima.
Trabajo de investigación

by Li Kar-cheung.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 78-79.
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.v
PREFACE --- p.ix
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Company Background --- p.1
The Office Equipment Market --- p.3
Action Adopted --- p.5
Objective of Study --- p.6
Chapter II. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.8
Customer Perception Survey --- p.8
Data Collection Method --- p.8
Focus Group Study --- p.9
Questionnaire Design --- p.9
Sample Design --- p.9
Data Collection --- p.10
Method of Analysis --- p.10
Limitations of the Study --- p.11
Personal Interview --- p.11
Breakeven Analysis --- p.11
Chapter III. --- SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.13
Demographic Characteristics --- p.13
Demand and Usage --- p.14
Channel Preference --- p.15
Key Considerations to Buy --- p.16
Brand Name and Vendor Reputation --- p.17
Shop Location --- p.18
Shopping Habit --- p.19
Price --- p.20
Summary of Findings --- p.20
Chapter IV. --- BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS --- p.22
Personal Interview Findings --- p.22
Determination of Breakeven Sales Revenue --- p.25
Chapter V. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.28
Product --- p.28
Brand --- p.30
Location --- p.30
Price --- p.30
Advertising and Promotion --- p.31
Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.32
APPENDIXES
Chapter Appendix 1 --- Organization Chart --- p.33
Chapter Appendix 2 --- Focus Group Study --- p.34
Chapter Appendix 3 --- Questionnaire --- p.37
Chapter Appendix 4 --- Tables --- p.48
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.78

碩士
中國文化大學
建築及都市計畫研究所
92
1998 Green Building International Meeting was held at Vancouver , Canada , all attended experts and scholars think green building is one of the way for us to head toward the goal of sustaining development , it is a feasible way , our govern also try aggressively to implement green building idea in recent years . Green building has a domestic history of over 10 years , it shows a lot of good results in technology research and spin-off as well as green building construction . Since the existed buildings have a quantity far more large than that of green buildings , therefore , for the overall building energy consumption , green building contributes to save only very little on energy. It is important for new building to introduce energy improvement technology , but for old building (which did not adopt green building technology )there are almost no researches on how to improve its energy consumption . Therefore , the building energy consumption from current existed building can not be balanced by the construction of green building in short time , this is why green building still can not be widely spread and accepted . This research is based on “daily energy saving index ”in the “green building evaluation manual” drawn up by construction research department in Construction and Planning Agency , Ministry of Interior . We also select office buildings which did not adopt green building design and were built before 1995 (in 1995 , building cost saving design was included in “construction technical regulations”) as the target of this research . We aim at studying energy improvement technologies for three items , namely , air conditioning , illumination , and facility , the result is going to be used as basis for establishing localized existed office building energy improvement technologies .

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
90
With the advent of Internet, On-line intermediaries have put tremendous pressures on traditional intermediaries which might be disintermediated without resort to information technology. The IDR model was thus to bring about the interpretation how traditional intermediaries could regain their competitive advantage by utilizing co-specialized assets and information technology. Office supply is the domain of this research. Through observation of on-line office stationary suppliers and interviews with domain experts, the factors for constructing reintermediation strategies of traditional channel are as follows: 1.The business model of office supply. 2.The characteristics of office stationery procurement. 3.The co-specialized assets of traditional office supplies. These three factors lead to development of questionnaire in the Delphi method implemented in this research. Based upon the expert opinions from the Delphi method and the review of business model implemented by the domestic on-line stationary suppliers, this research proposed a business model with feature of domestic industry characteristics. The reintermediation strategies proposed in this research have addressed the development of e-commerce solution and the support of customer service. The traditional office stationary distributors might team up with other suppliers and information technology companies to develop a B2B e-commerce solution. As for the customer service, they could provide inventory management for enterprise users based upon their distinctive co-specialized assets. Furthermore, a development of procurement software for office supplies is necessary because it automates the procurement process and facilitates the vender managed inventory service.

碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
97
The purpose of this research is to study the necessity of establishing operation fund in the Medical Supplies Office of Armed Forces through investigating governmental accounting systems in Taiwan and the United States, analyzing the cost recovery and measurement focus as well as the survey results of the operation fund and general fund. The background of this research is that the Medical Supplies Office of Armed Forces will soon operate the annual procurement of drugs for the Army. The study is explored through two aspects, including the governmental accounting system, the cost recovery and the effectiveness of resources management. The system aspect is studied through the respective governmental accounting literature in Taiwan and the United States to examine the necessity for establishing operation fund. The effectiveness aspect is studied by comparing the three types of operation funds with the general fund to illustrate that the operation fund is superior to the general fund in cost recovery and the effectiveness of resource management. In addition, the analysis of survey also examines the capability of cost recovery in the operation funds of various types and management models. The results of this research indicate that it is necessary to establish the operation fund in the Medical Supplies Office of Armed Forces from the point of view of either system aspect or operation aspect. Also, in the initial stage of its establishment, the operation fund can be managed through establishing procurement center for the upcoming annual drug procurement. After the gradual expansion in the scale of operation, it will be transformed into the type of operation fund of logistics center.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
工業工程與管理系EMBA班
96
Due to the rapid growth of distribution industry,distribution center which connects manufacturers and retailers plays more and more important role in the business process. To meet distribution demands on mass stock and centralized distribution, and fulfills consumer’s requirements of few diverse and highly frequent dispatch, it is necessary to reinforce the management and operation of distribution center. Thus to conform to precisely and effective distribution forcast which being one of the essential functions of modern distribution center. Factors which affect distribution quantity of distribution center are various and complicated. Except for general quantifiable time series factors, there still exists lots of unquantifiable factors which are not easy to access and surely will lead to interact its performance on distribution quantity. This research randomly derives distribution data from an office supplies distribution center, and applys Artificial Neural Networks technics to construct a model to forcast the distribution quantity. By its processes of this model, such data could be pre-treated according to the distribution forcast variables including quantifiable and unquantifiable, and types of the forcast variables. Furthermore the Pearson Correlation Analysis also be applied to filter those forcast variables, thus to benefit the introduction and application of Artificial Neural Networks. By means of the characteristics of Artificial Neural Networks—learning, calling and generalization, and comparison of different forecasting distribution quantities produced from testing of different parameter-mix, the optimum parameter-mix so could be brought out. Eventually which could be compared with the actual statistics of the researched objective to test and verify its effectiveness, so as to find out possible problems and propose corresponding solutions.

碩士
國立成功大學
建築研究所
81
The theme to be investigated in this research is the ec- onomic effects of the air-conditioner's energy economization of the air-conditioner's energy economization equipment. One of the 2 motives of this research is that in the viewpoint of energy , the air-conditioner's energy economization equipment , which has been under great concern in recent years , really has the effect of energy economization , but in fact it is the economic effects which have greater influence in the implementation effects. Ano- ther motive is that the explanation theory concerning the air- conditioning equipment's energy consumption , i.e. ENVLOAD-PACS index, including the air- conditioner's energy economization equ- ipme, has been developed to maturity, it is sufficient enough to support this research. The result of this research is a concrete presentation in a conversational computer softeware. This software can eval- uate the economic effects of the air- conditioner's energy econo- mization equipment in any building under any condition. It hides the complicated energy theories and trivial calculation of econ- omics, behind the simple input and easy output, so as to provide an effective and fast evaluation in the stages of design and planning. Being a computer advisor , this software is included in the BEEP-C (consultant) of the family programme, BEEP (Build- ing Energy Evaluat ion Programme) in this research room. Another result of this research is to strengthen the ju- stification ability of PACS index towards the rational relation- ship between the coldness reserve rate by volume of coldness reserve air- conditioning system, and the reduction rate of main machine. And based on this, the economization rate of energy of PASC index towards coldness reserve air-conditioner, is known to be ? and ?'.This research paper is divided into 5 chapters and 2 appendices . Below please find an explanation on the synopsis of each chapter of this research paper.

The aim of the thesis is to sum up the current situation of the company VOLF office supplies Co., Ltd., working on the school and office supplies market, from the perspective of marketing activities. The marketing mix has been used to evaluate marketing activities. In the final part of the thesis the obtained results are summarized and on their bases are developed concrete proposals that would improve the current situation. Among the used methods, contibuting to achievement of this aim, belong: analysis of marketing activities, evaluation of marketing mix, analysis of current customers, analysis of competitors and suppliers and the structured interviews.