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1
Bloomfield, Gerald T. „Cities and Regional Development“. Urban History Review 14, Nr. 2 (1985): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017991ar.
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Wang, Y. S., und X. S. Yang. „Analysis of Urban Culture and Urban Design“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (Oktober 2012): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.540.
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Urban culture is a city soul, it's development is continuity, regional and highly inclusive. Deep thinking and analysis of the contact between urban culture and urban design,guide the city to create a perfect urban image, is the development aspirations of the times. Through position the urban culture, extraction of the urban culture, using history culture strategy，keep cultural sustainability, urban design under urban culture can make urban culture more vitality and Convincing.design.
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Tinghai, Wu. „The regional concept of Zhang Jian“. Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, Nr. 436-441 (01.12.2006): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441118.
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The author obtained both his Bachelors degree in Economic Geography and Urban & Rural Planning, and his Masters degree in Human Geography from the Department of Geography, NanjingUniversity, Nanjing, P.R. China, and his Ph.D in Urban Planning and Design from the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, where he is currently Associate Professor of Architecture, acting as both Teacher and Researcher on Urban Geography and Regional Planning as well as on the history and culture of cities and regions. Based on personal research efforts or in collaboration with Professor Wu Liangyong for whom Dr Wu Tinghai acted as a research and teaching assistant, he has dealt with research on: Regional Innovative Milieu; Physical Support and Institutional Design; Regional Form Affected by Large-scale Infrastructure Construction; Spatial Development Planning for Beijing; Rural and Urban Spatial Development Planning for Greater Beijing Region; and Spatial Development Planning for Xuzhou inJiangsu Province. His publications include, among others, A Geographical Study on Urban Spatial Development in Western-Zhou Dynasty and The Regional Concept in the Study of the History of Chinese Cities. Two of his works which received high distinction in National Academic Thesis Competitions for Young Planners in China were published in the Urban Planning Review, UK in 1997 and 2001. In recent years, Dr Wu Tinghai has been a Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, USA; and Dortmund University, Germany. He is also a member of the World Society for Ekistics. The text that follows was made available to participants at the international symposion on "Globalization and LocalIdentity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005, which Dr Wu Tinghai was finally unable to attend.
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Robinson, Ira M., und Douglas R. Webster. „Regional Planning in Canada History, Practice, Issues, and Prospects“. Journal of the American Planning Association 51, Nr. 1 (31.03.1985): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368508976797.
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Zhang, Qiong. „Is Planning a Technical or Political Activity? Discuss in Relation to the History of Planning Theory and Practice“. Learning & Education 10, Nr. 2 (16.09.2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/l-e.v10i2.2306.
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In the field of urban and regional planning, planning plays different roles in different times, it has become a controversial topic that planning is a technical activity or political activity. The objective of this study is to discuss a detailed understanding of the related theories and show the changing process of the position planning as a political activity, rather than a simply technical activity with the development of urban planning, and the results showed the relationship between technical activity and political activity in urban and regioanl planning.
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Nikiforov, Yury S. „“On the way to the “green agenda”?”: discourse of regional authorities on the improvement of Yaroslavl in the historical context of interaction with the centre (the 1960s–1980s)“. Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, Nr. 1 (20.04.2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-1-63-69.
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The article examines the factors and trends in the development of urban improvement in the historical context of the post-war Soviet era (1960-1980). The focus is on Yaroslavl as one of the key cities in the system of the Upper Volga regions. The article raises the question of the formation of environmental trends in the discourse of the regional authorities on the improvement of Yaroslavl. The policy of urban improvement is analysed on the basis of archival documents, memoirs, journalism, oral history data. The archival database of the study is represented by unpublished documents of the Centre for Documentation of Contemporary History of Yaroslavl Region. The theoretical basis of the study is connected with the paradigm of urban studies, social and environmental history. The main attention is focused on the analysis of the development of public transport and gardening of Yaroslavl in the 1960s-1980s. The conflict of interests of two levels of government (municipal and regional) on the problem of the development of tram lines in Yaroslavl is analysed. The article concludes that, on the one hand, the central government was the determining factor in the development of the urban improvement strategy. On the other hand, in tactical terms, the policy of urban improvement depended on the personality of the regional leader.
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Makeeva, Svetlana. „State policy of the PRC on urban development (1949-2020): historical, regional and socio-demographic characteristics“. DEMIS. Demographic Research 1, Nr. 3 (19.09.2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.3.6.
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Introduction. The chronological framework of the study includes the period of development of the People’sRepublic of China from 1949 to the present, when state policy was formed in relation to large, medium and small cities, which had a significant impact on the socio-economic transformations of China. Goals and objectives of the study. It is necessary to consider the features of the implementation of the state policy of the PRC in the 1949–2000s. in relation to the development of urban areas, the regulation of the urbanization process. Materials and methods. The article was written on the basis of sources on the economic history of the PRC: materials of five-year plans, documents of the State Council and the Central Committee of theCommunist Party of China. The study used such special historical methods as problem-chronological and retrospective. Results. In the history of China’s state policy in relation to urban development, two main stages can be distinguished: 1. The initial period of urban construction management (1949–1976), when the main industrial urban centers of the PRC were formed. 2. The period of urban construction management in China after the start of the policy of “reform and opening” (from 1978 to the present), when cities began to act as the main “development poles” of the surrounding territories. Throughout its 70-year history, the Chinese city has become a center of national economic development and a “growth pole” for the regional economy. A modern production base, modernized educational, scientific and technological centers were formed in the cities. The state policy in the field of development of urban areas was regulated not only by five-year plans, as throughout the history of the PRC, but also by such important documents as the “National program of urbanization of a new type for 2014–2020” from 2015, Plan for the construction of 19 urban agglomerations in the Central, Western and North-Eastern regions from 2016. Conclusions. The formed state policy of China in relation to urban areas at the present stage is dictated by the tasks of co-development of urban and rural areas, the principles of building an ecological civilization, the norms of sustainable regional development, the requirements of modernizing economic changes in the interests of “socialism with Chinese characteristics”, as well as the goals of implementing the updated strategy of coordinated regional development.
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COLAVITTI, Anna Maria, und Sergio SERRA. „Regional Landscape Planning and Local Planning. Insights from the Italian Context“. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning SI, Nr. 7 (29.05.2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jsspsi.2021.7.07.
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Landscape has acquired great importance in the urban and territorial policies of European countries after the European Landscape Convention. Italy has a long tradition in the protection of landscape and cultural heritage, characterised by a particular attention to the history and the identity culture of the communities. The main rule in this field, the Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape of 2004 (Urbani Code), refers to a mix of environmental, cultural, and social factors belonging to different types of natural and urban landscapes that Regional Landscape Plans have to identify, sharing with local communities. The most important innovation concerns the attempt to overcome the binding and regulatory approach, only focused on protection constraints, in order to generate high awareness about the identity value of landscape and to encourage a more democratic community participation in the landscape policies. The ineffectiveness of landscape policies is often due to the lack of sharing of the landscape vision and planning approaches established at regional level, with local authorities and settled communities. This paper reflects on the topic of inter-institutional collaboration between national, regional, and local authorities, by focusing on the process of adaptation of urban local plans to the regional landscape plans and comparing different regional contexts. The article highlights a strong delay in the approval of regional landscape plans and a relevant inter-institutional conflict in the co-planning phase with the national authority, leading to the ineffectiveness of landscape plans in the transfer of regional landscape planning guidelines to the local landscape scale, with relevant consequences on territorial government, between conservative measures and transformation drivers.
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Hum, Derek, und Paul Phillips. „Growth, Trade, and Urban Development of Staple Regions“. Articles 10, Nr. 2 (30.10.2013): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019095ar.
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Certain themes in historical and contemporary studies of the economic development of Canada remain important. Among these are the staple approach to interpreting Canadian economic development, the notion of Canada as a collection of regional economies, and the distinction between metropolis and hinterland. These themes are both fundamental and interrelated; indeed, they are manifestations of a common process — that of a resource-dependent economic expansion. This paper relates the urbanization and development of staple regions to such determinants as trade, growth, and economic structure. We integrate the metropolis-hinterland framework within the broader staple approach and provide a synthesis of various aspects of economic theory, particularly trade and economic structure, export-led growth of a small, open economy, and the disequilibrium dynamics of urban development — all reinterpreted within the special context of the staple economy. While our major aim is to provide a formal synthesis of the staple approach and urban development, ultimately for policy guidance, references to Canadian economic and historical development are made throughout.
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Lithwick, N. H. „Higgins, Benjamin. The Rise- and Fall? of Montreal: A Case Study of Urban Growth, Regional Economic Expansion and National Development, Moncton: Canadian Institute for Research on Regional Development, 1986. Pp. 256. $12.95 paper“. Urban History Review 16, Nr. 2 (1987): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017791ar.
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Mingman, Chen, Ren Hong, Cai Weiguang, Li Xiaohui, Ren Pengyu und Deson Lee. „Application of Regional Cultural Elements in Urban Complex-Illustrated by Guizhou, China“. Open House International 41, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0002.
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Along with the acceleration of Chinese urbanization, urban history degrades at a rapid rate, and development follows formalism. Based on architectural typology, this study introduces a methodology of concept mapping and discusses the urban complex design method from a perspective of regional cultural elements. The theoretical analysis shows that concept mapping represents an integrated solution that incorporates regional cultural elements into architectural planning. Through the concept mapping method, it not only protects the physical environment, but also strengthens modern urban residents’ psychological sense of belonging to their own living space. Meanwhile, distinct regional cultural elements can be efficiently combined in the overall layout, monomer building design, building details design, and landscape design of urban complex by using different architectural design methods. This design method is validated using an actual case in Guizhou. Therefore, it forms a complete set of design method with a three-step framework, namely positioning cultural areas, summarizing regional cultural elements, and selecting the mapping method and combination mode.
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Voronov, Viktor V. „Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development“. Baltic Region 14, Nr. 4 (2022): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-3.
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The article reports on the results of an economic and sociological study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with Daugavpils University (Latvia) in 2020—2021. The study aimed to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development of small towns in Latvia. A comprehensive approach was taken to integrate the results of territorial, spatial and socio-economic analyses. By employing the methodology of indexing and ranking large-scale empirical data characterising the development of all small towns in Latvia, the authors attempt to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development rate of small towns in Latvia. The index of territorial development of regions, cities and rural settlements was developed and has been tested by the State Agency for Regional Development of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their residents.
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ELLIOTT, PAUL, STEPHEN DANIELS und CHARLES WATKINS. „The Nottingham Arboretum (1852): natural history, leisure and public culture in a Victorian regional centre“. Urban History 35, Nr. 1 (Mai 2008): 48–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807005172.
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ABSTRACT:This article examines the development of the Nottingham Arboretum (1852), the centrepiece of one of the most ambitious schemes of urban enclosure and improvement in mid-Victorian Britain. It contends that the provision for parks and green spaces in the town was inspired by local naturalists and sanitary reformers as well as cultural emulation and civic rivalry with other urban centres such as Derby and Manchester. Analysis of the design and management of the Arboretum and green spaces and local controversies about funding and access reveal major local disagreements concerning uses of such spaces reflecting continued divisions in Victorian urban society beneath the public rhetorical and celebratory façade.
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Wang, Yike, und Lingling Zhang. „Analysis on the Influence of Urban and Rural Economic Differentiation on the Development of Art Design Teaching“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (24.08.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8137994.
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Art design education in China has nearly 30 years of development history. Due to China’s vast territory, a large population, regional economic development, and social resources are extremely unbalanced, resulting in the uneven development of art design education in various regions. Art design is not only a practical and artistic comprehensive discipline, it also spans more majors. It contains almost all aspects of urban and rural construction, beautification, so its scientific and effective design scheme indirectly affects the future development process of urban and rural economy. First, this paper analyzes the impact of urban and rural economic development on art design teaching. The research results show that it has a great influence and a wide range of influence on art design teaching, including enhancing the naturalness of art discipline, promoting the creativity of art design discipline, and promoting the historicity of art discipline. Second, this paper also analyzes the role of art design in promoting regional economic development. For example, we should make full use of regional cultural differences, expand regional historical elements, pay attention to art design talents, and ensure the supply of funds.
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Klapka, Pavel, und Martin Erlebach. „The Contribution of Spatial Interaction Modelling to Spatial History: The Case of Central Places and their Hinterlands in the Territory of the Austro-Hungarian Empire“. Moravian Geographical Reports 29, Nr. 4 (01.12.2021): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2021-0019.
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Abstract Research on spatial history can be enriched by using approaches from quantitative geography. We analyse an historical regional system and highlight three basic assumptions, building upon Christaller’s central place theory: cities do not stand alone in space, they interact with their hinterlands, and they are hierarchically organised. We investigate the relative position of central places in space and define their hinterlands using a spatial interaction modelling approach. We present the example of functional regional taxonomy in past environments, which therefore has a higher degree of uncertainty in the results and in their interpretation. We use a variant of Reilly’s model to define the functional regions in Austria-Hungary at the beginning and at the end of the 20th century. We present a possible interpretation of the model results based on the identification of the major factors responsible for developments in the urban and regional systems of Austria-Hungary over 100 years. We conclude that the development of urban and regional systems in the territory of the former Austria-Hungary was not considerably affected by the role of political-economic systems, the administrative organisation of states, nor by the different stages in economic development of its formerly constituent territories.
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Castrique, Sue. „One Small World: On Writing Independent History“. Public History Review 25 (31.12.2018): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v25i0.6406.
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One Small World: the history of the Addison Road Community Centre was independently written and funded through a series of grants. While conceived as a history of place, it is also a history of the organisation that presently occupies the site, the Addison Road Community Centre (ARCCO). The Centre has had an ambivalent relationship to its past. After 60 years as an army depot, in 1976 it became a community centre. The strict discipline of the army was replaced by a very different ethos and political outlook; in fact, its antithesis. As a consequence, the Centre had an uneasy relationship to the history of the site, particularly its army past, which was underappreciated and little valued. ARCCO has recently re-engaged with its public history, but in the process it veered off into mythology. The paper explores the ANZAAC Centenary celebration at Addison Road of horses in war in 2015, and the part funding played in creating myth rather than history. It then considers the role of the Department of Urban and Regional Development in the creation of the Centre in 1975-76 and ARCCO’s attachment to its story of radical origins.
KEYWORDSAddison Road Community Centre; Department of Urban and Regional Development; ANZAC Centenary; army; Marrickville; multiculturalism
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Mahmoudi, Vahid. „Poverty Changes during the Three Recent Development Plans in Iran (1995-2007)“. African and Asian Studies 10, Nr. 2-3 (2011): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x587013.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the degree of poverty in Iran and how it changed over time during the second, third and fourth (first three years) five-year national development plans (1995-2007). It does this by documenting overall poverty levels and poverty within regional subgroups, using the micro-level data set of household expenditure survey conducted by the Statistical Centre of Iran (SCI) in 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. I have found an increase in all poverty measures in rural regions and a decrease in urban areas during the second development plan (1995-1999). The country as a whole also experienced a considerable poverty reduction over the third development plan (1999-2004) under Khatami’s presidency. However, all poverty measures suggest that during Ahmadinejad Administration (2004-2007) poverty has risen. This paper also examines the distribution of poverty breakdown by the regional status of households in Iran. The incidence, intensity and severity of poverty are higher in rural than urban areas in Iran. Regional decompositions show that although poverty was spread throughout the country, the intensity of poverty in some provinces such as Systan-Balochestan, Kermanshah, Kordestan, Hamadan and Ilam was more pronounced. The results also suggest that the contribution of the “southeast” and “west” regions (including above mentioned provinces) to the national poverty were increased during the second, third and fourth plans. This might be attributed to the fact that these provinces were more affected by eight-year long Iran-Iraq war, immigration of refuges from neighbours countries and drought.
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PINCETL, STEPHANIE. „The Regional Management of Growth in California: A History of Failure“. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 18, Nr. 2 (Juni 1994): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1994.tb00265.x.
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Bromley, Ray. „Doxiadis and the ideal dynapolis: The limitations of planned axial urban growth“. Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, Nr. 415-417 (01.12.2002): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417357.
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The author is a Professor in the Department of Geography and Planning at the University at Albany, State University of New York, where he directs the Masters Program in Urban and Regional Planning. He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE), the American Institute of Certified Planners, the American Planning Association, the International Planning History Society, and many other professional and scholarly associations, and he has served as a consultant with the United Nations, UNICEF, USAID, and various projects funded by the World Bank and AID. His research and publications focus on: the history of ideas in planning and community development; metropolitan and regional development policies; the revitalization of old neighborhoods; disaster avoidance and relief; and, micro-enterprise development. The text that follows is a revised and extended version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Myagkov, Vladislav N. „PETERSBURG (LENINGRAD) SCHOOL OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT FLOW ANALYSIS AND PROBLEMS OF ITS MODERN DEVELOPMENT“. Economy of the North-West: problems and prospects of development 2, Nr. 65 (05.10.2021): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52897/2411-4588-2021-2-113-122.
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A brief analysis of the history and development prospects of mathematical models for forecasting passenger flows in the regional transport network is given. The reasons for the fundamentally different practice of using these models in urban planning in our country and abroad are analyzed. The current trends in the use of models for forecasting passenger flows in solving multifactorial problems of the development of the regional transport system in a market economy when changing local systems of settlement and job placement are presented.
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McCann, L. D. „The Myth of the Metropolis: The Role of the City in Canadian Regionalism“. Urban History Review 9, Nr. 3 (06.11.2013): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019299ar.
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The concept of metropolitanism, long an accepted fact in Canadian life and letters, has assumed the status of a national myth. Canada is no longer a country structured simply as metropolis and hinterland. Resource wealth has fostered sustained hinterland development and created regional metropolitan centres which directly influence the nation's economic, social, and political life. The strength of regional cities today affects both the redirection of national life and the renewed expression of regionalism which currently characterizes Canada.
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Liu, Sen, und Gui Yuan Li. „Color a City - The Study of Yichang’s Urban Color“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (Oktober 2014): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1271.
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As an emerging tourist city, Yichang is where the Gezhouba hydropower station and the Three Gorges hydropower station locate. It is honored as "Pearl of the Three Gorges", "Power Heart of China", and "City of Water and Electricity". Though Yichang’s city construction enjoys rapid development, the development of its urban color does not keep up with the speed. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of Yichang’s urban color, like natural geography, humanity, history and regional feature. Moreover, scheme and advices are put forward to provide theoretical and technical support for Yichang’s urban color planning.
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Noble, M. „Growth and development in a regional urban system: the country towns of eastern Yorkshire, 1700–1850“. Urban History 14 (Mai 1987): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680000852x.
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Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as many as one-half of the urban inhabitants of England and Wales lived in small towns. In 1801 62 per cent of all towns with populations of 2,500 or more contained fewer than 5,000 inhabitants and in 1901 30 per cent of all towns still contained less than 10,000 persons. Yet despite the strength of small towns within the national urban system these communities are far from proportionately represented in the large body of academic literature directed towards analysing towns and urban growth. Our knowledge and understanding of the forces of change acting upon towns at the lower end of the urban size hierarchy in this critical transitional period of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries remains relatively undeveloped, and this is especially true for rural areas untouched by the main wave of industrialization.
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Derham, Michael. „How green was my valley? Urban history in Latin America“. Urban History 28, Nr. 2 (August 2001): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926801002085.
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The history of Latin America has been dominated by ideas of order and progress. Unfortunately those ideas have not always been of regional origin. In the colonial era the conquest and conversion of the native peoples was seen as progress by the Europeans. The imposition of order was aided greatly by urbanization sometimes symbolically on the ruins of Indian cities such as at Cuzco and Mexico City. Cities became the point of cultural and economic articulation between the barbaric hinterland and the civilization of Europe. Freedom from the Spanish yoke gained in the Independence wars was similarly seen as progress, at least by the ultimately victorious creole ‘patriots’. It was here, however, that notions of national identity, modernization and economic success became intertwined to produce the conflicts which still inflame the region today. The paramount question has remained: whose order and concept of progress should be imposed?
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Widdis, Randy William. „Belleville and Environs“. Articles 19, Nr. 3 (05.08.2013): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017592ar.
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This article suggests that while the economic, political and social context provided by the development of capitalism is the framework for the study of the absorption of semi-autarchic economies and local cultures into increasingly broader regional, national and international systems during the nineteenth century, the concepts of modernization and metropolitanism are spatially over-generalized. While it is true that rural communities and small towns in Upper Canada were integrated right from the beginning into these larger systems of production, they on their own played an essential role in satisfying the need for continuity and community, however defined. Smaller urban centres experiencing stagnation or decline during the period of the "Great Transformation" were not all incipient metropolises; some of these centres continued to depend on the export of staples and developed regional specialization in the development and marketing of these products. This examination of Belleville and its relationship with its hinterland supports the case for a contextual approach to the study of the transformation of rural society with the growth of industrial capitalism.
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Ben Hilell, Keren, und Yael Allweil. „Infrastructure Development and Waterfront Transformations: Physical and Intangible Borders in Haifa Port City“. Urban Planning 6, Nr. 3 (27.07.2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4198.
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Constructed on its natural bay as a fortified Muslim town in the late 18th century, Haifa’s port city transformed into a modern cosmopolitan port city in the second half of the 19th century. Significant technological, administrative, and social changes made Haifa into the transportation and economic hub of northern Palestine: Its harbor, the first in the region, became a gate to the east for commodities, pilgrimages, and ideas. British imperialism enlarged it with landfill areas and added an industrial function, constructing refineries and a connecting pipeline with Iraq. Haifa port served as the main entry port for immigration and goods for the newly founded Israeli state. Privatization and neo-liberalization transformed it from national port to international corporate hub, reshaping both port and city. Individual entrepreneurs, local governments, and imperial actions shaped and reshaped the landscape; perforating new access points, creating porous borders, and a new socioeconomic sphere.<strong> </strong>This process persisted through the Late Ottoman era, the British Mandate, and the Israeli state. From the first Ottoman landfills to the sizeable British harbor of 1933, the market economy led urban planning of Haifa’s waterfront and its adjacent railroad to the current Chinese petrol-harbor project. What were the city’s tangible and intangible borders? How did these changes, influenced by local and foreign agendas, unfold? Tapping into built-environment evidence; archival documents (architectural drawings, plans, maps, and photographs); and multidisciplinary academic literature to examine Haifa’s urban landscape transformation, this article studies the history of Haifa’s planned urban landscape—focusing on transformations to the port and waterfront to adjust to new technologies, capital markets, and political needs. We thus explore Haifa port history as a history of porosity and intangibility—rather than the accepted history of European modernization—building upon theoretical literature on global networks and urban form, regional dynamics of port cities, and tangible and intangible border landscapes.
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Gulyaev, Sergey. „Urban Bridge Construction in the European Northwest of Russia as Part of the Country’s Modernization in the 19th – Early 20th Centuries“. Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, Nr. 4 (21.09.2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v112.
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Urban bridge construction in Russia remains a largely unexplored topic. At the moment, the vast majority of studies devoted to the history of bridge building (mostly, specialized technical literature) do not consider this topic as a subject of historical research proper. Regional studies rarely focus on urban bridge building. Research into this topic as part of a large modernization process allows us to identify the characteristic features inherent in bridge building in Russia’s regional centres in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The purpose of this article is to study urban bridge construction in the European Northwest of Russia as part of the country’s modernization. The sources include records of the State Archives of the Arkhangelsk Region and published documents on the history of Vologda. The author applied the comparative historical and historical-systematic method, as well as modernization theory. The article analyses various modernization approaches to the study of Russian history, examines the development of bridge construction in the 19th century and its implementation in a number of cities in the European Northwest, highlighting the specifics of each case as well as general features typical of the country as a whole. In conclusion, the characteristic features of urban bridge building in Russia during the period under study and their connection with the country’s modernization are identified. It should be mentioned that this paper is one of the first attempts to analyse the development of bridge construction in Russia from the point of view of historical science. Its results can be used for research into the history of the modernization process in Russian regions, as well as in the preparation of specialized historical works on the development of bridge construction.
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Kvashnin, Y. D. „Modern Athens: Migration Processes and Paradigms of Urban Development“. Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, Nr. 1 (30.05.2020): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-1-5.
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This article attempts to assess the role of migration processes in the urban development of Athens over an extended period of time – since 1834, when the city became the capital of an independent Greek state, up to this day. The history of modern Athens, which in less than a century has turned from a small regional center into one of the ten largest urban agglomerations in the European Union, is a peculiar case of Mediterranean-type spontaneous urbanization with all its drawbacks, such as illegal construction, excessively high population density and infrastructural problems. At the turn of the 20th century Athens faced a new challenge – the mass inflow of immigrants from the former Yugoslavian countries and Albania, and after Greece entered the Schengen zone – from the countries of North Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. During the 2015 migration crisis, Greece became the main gateway for hundreds of thousands of refugees and economic migrants to the European Union. These trends have had a direct impact on the economy and social environment of the Greek capital, reinforcing challenges such as an increase in the number of low-income residents, ethnic segregation by regions and suburbanization – relocation of indigenous people from a dilapidated center to safer and more comfortable suburbs and satellite towns.The need for a transition to more responsible urban planning became apparent in the 1980s, when the first (to be legislated) master plan was adopted, which determined the development strategy for the manufacturing sector, transport system, land use and housing market policies. A serious incentive for the implementation of infrastructure projects – partially funded by EU structural funds – was the holding of the 2004 Olympic Games. In 2014, against the backdrop of a debt crisis and economic recession, the city administration adopted Athens Resilience Strategy for 2030, which takes into account such chronic problems as infrastructure degradation, irregular migration, as well as poor management at the regional and prefectural levels. Presently, due to the lack of necessary financial resources, a decisive role in improving the urban environment is assigned to the private sector. Thus, municipal authorities contribute to the gentrification of the central regions of Athens, which have got unfulfilled tourism and investment potential, providing significant tax benefits and incentives for doing business.
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Wettstein, Domonkos. „Resort Architecture in Regional Perceptions“. Prostor 29, Nr. 2 (62) (24.12.2021): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.29.2(62).6.
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The regional aspirations of resort architecture give specific perspectives on the history of regionalism. The development of the shores of Lake Balaton, the largest lake in Central Europe, was determined by this particular regional aspiration. Iván Kotsis was a defining figure of Hungarian architecture between the world wars, and had a significant impact on the period - not only with his work as an architect, but also as a university professor and a public activist. This paper examines his activity around Lake Balaton on different scales, since it represented a peculiar perspective within the history of regional ideas. The research concludes that Kotsis’ regional perspective focused on resort architecture was an independent conception separated from both modern and local interpretations. Based on his university work and the knowledge transfer resulting from his international relations, he developed an integrated perspective on the region from an academic position. Reflecting on the problems of holiday resorts, he formed an autonomous method with which he experimented, to mediate between the universal modern approach and the local features of the landscape.
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Stobart, Jon. „An eighteenth-century revolution? Investigating urban growth in north-west England, 1664–1801“. Urban History 23, Nr. 1 (Mai 1996): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011664.
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The briefest inspection of the English urban hierarchy during the long eighteenth century reveals this as a period of immense change. However, regional analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of these pre-census developments relies on using a variety of non-demographic sources to produce a series of urban demographic ‘snap-shots’ of the urban population. Employing this ‘demographic photography’ in early modern northwest England allows detailed investigation of the dynamics of the entire urban system. This reveals the deep roots of urban development in the region and points to an eighteenth-century urban revolution. Towns grew faster than the overall population, but this growth was unevenly distributed; both large and small towns exhibited strong and weak growth, making changes in the urban hierarchy inevitable and far-reaching. The most notable trend was the changing geography of the system: Cheshire towns grew far less rapidly than their increasingly industrial neighbours in Lancashire and the urban locus underwent a definite shift northwards. The fact that the urban patterns of growth appear to have preceded the period of maximum industrial growth by some forty to fifty years forces us to rethink the relationship between industrial and urban development.
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Sukhinin, Sergey A. „Evolution of the spatial structure of the urban system of settlement in the coastal zones of European Russia“. RUDN Journal of Economics 26, Nr. 4 (15.12.2018): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2018-26-4-653-661.
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The study of the development of settlement systems has traditionally been included in sphere of public geography and regional economics. Based on statistical material, the author characterizes the urban system of settlement in coastal zones of European part of Russia. The author analyzes the structural differences between the Northern and Southern coastal macrozones, the features of cities location and their functional specialization. Is emphasized the role of “sea factor” in the history of origin and development, the dynamics of population of coastal cities. The author shows the dominant influence of demographic, socio-economic and administrative factors on evolution of spatial structure on the urban settlement system in the coastal zones of European Russia in recent decades. Conclusions are drawn about polarization of the urban settlement system in direction of population concentration in urban agglomerations and strengthening of their role in social and economic development.
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Bogatova, O. A. „Social Memory and Formation of Urban Identity of the Regional Capital City (on the Example of Saransk)“. Izvestiya of Altai State University, Nr. 6(128) (12.12.2022): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2022)6-07.
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The subject of the study is the formation of urban identity based on group reflection on the past and present. The article summarizes the results of in-depth interviews with the experts and online observation of the thematic communities in the social network VKontakte, dedicated to the visual history of Saransk — the capital of the Republic of Mordovia and focusing on the late Soviet period as the era of its transformation into a major city, revealing the specific features of the social identity of the population of the republican capital, as well as the social functions of virtual urban communities as “assemblage points” of urban identity. Considering Saransk nostalgic communities in “new media” as a specific form of digitalization in modern “public history” and visualization of social memory, the author analyzes symbolic communication and manifestation of collective emotions of their members in modes of collective trauma and nostalgia. Author specifies the basic functions of nostalgic communities: the construction of cultural trauma of the social changes, promoting comprehension of responsibility for development of a city and stimulation of civil activity, formation of a complete image of a city in space and in time, identification of users with the generalized image of the city and urban community.
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Balkansky, Andrew K. „Urbanism and Early State Formation in the Huamelulpan Valley of Southern Mexico“. Latin American Antiquity 9, Nr. 1 (März 1998): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/972127.
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A long-running debate in archaeology is the analytical priority given to local vs. interregional-scale factors in the origins of complex societies. These alternate approaches have often pitted local-scale, environmentally determined models against the large-scale, sociopolitical demands of ancient cities and states. In the archaeology of Oaxaca, Mexico, these distinctions are apparent in efforts to model the impact of Monte Albán on the development of complexity outside the Valley of Oaxaca. Huamelulpan, located in the western Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, was one of Mesoamerica's first urban centers. But despite several decades of intermittent work, the site had never been surveyed, and nearly nothing was known of the surrounding region. A systematic archaeological survey of Huamelulpan and its environs studied the urban transition from a regional perspective. Huamelulpan's urbanization was strongly correlated with the formation of a state-level polity. Interaction with Monte Albán occasioned these developments, albeit in ways more indirect than colonization or conquest. An approach to culture change is outlined that uses archaeological survey data to shift the scale of analysis between local, regional, and interregional levels to interpret the transition to city and state in Oaxaca's Huamelulpan Valley.
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COUPERUS, STEFAN. „Research in urban history: recent theses on nineteenth- and early twentieth-century municipal administration“. Urban History 37, Nr. 2 (06.07.2010): 322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926810000386.
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The ways in which the organization of local government and the practice of political power locally have changed over time has attracted heightened interest from urban and administrative historians over recent decades. Much of this burgeoning interest has paralleled the concurrent decline in the status and powers of local government since the 1980s. In recent years, a shifting focus from government to governance has allowed the historian to re-conceptualize approaches to urban political power. Urban governance denotes a wider system of government by encapsulating the complex range of actors, interests and resources, which straddle the public, private and voluntary sectors, each with a vested interest in the way that political power is organized and practised locally. By broadening their approach to urban political power, urban historians have, since the late 1980s, elicited new perspectives on municipal administration, reattaching it with the national and juridical frameworks of analysis from which it had been fractured. In general, this growing number of local, regional and cross-national historical studies hints at a more complex and interesting municipal dimension which transcends previously impermeable divisions between the private and the public spheres, between political democracy and administrative bureaucracy, between the central state and municipal administration, and between national and transnational contexts of administrative thought and practice.
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Aschenbrierová, Veronika. „POTENTIAL OF OVERLOOKED INDUSTRY HERITAGE IN HOREHRONIE REGION IN SLOVAKIA AND ITS REGENERATION“. Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 2 (24.10.2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v2.195.
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The territory of Slovakia is rich in places with an ironworks history, which formed important urban and economic centers in the past. The valuable urban-architectural settlements emerged due to favorable geographical conditions, availability of forest and water resources. Currently, these important historical spots find themselves in the regions suffering from lack of job opportunities and low level of life quality. The research work deals with one of the most important 19th century‘s Slovak ironworks, its urban and architectural values in the setting, and regenerative activities involving development activities to preserve the constantly overlooked part of Horehronie‘s cultural heritage. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about the ironwork complex, to present its current state and research, which has stimulated interest in the protection of so far degrading industrial heritage. The result of this work is to show potential of industrial heritage in regional development and tourism, which is an opportunity to strengthen the region identity, its competitiveness, as well as to the potential of industrial heritage in regional development and tourism, which is an opportunity to strengthen the region identity, its competitiveness, and improve the socio-economic conditions of its inhabitants.
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Cobos, Emilio Pradilla. „Teorías y políticas urbanas: ¿Libre mercado mundial, o construcción regional?“ Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 12, Nr. 2 (30.11.2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2010v12n2p9.
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Resumen: En el neoliberalismo y su globalización parece inobjetable que las teorías que explican la problemática urbana y las políticas públicas que pretenden resolverla tienen validez universal, objetivos homogéneos, eficacia general y pueden adquirirse en el “libre mercado mundial” intelectual o gubernamental. Una visión alienada de estos procesos, generalizada a casi todos los actores sociales e ideologías políticas parece justificarlo. Pero el largo proceso histórico de mundialización del capitalismo, sus impactos diferenciales en los territorios del mundo, y la evolución de los sistemas urbanos muestran heterogeneidades y desigualdades históricas que hacen que las teorías y políticas armadas en los países hegemónicos y los organismos multinacionales sean inaplicables, ineficaces y contraproducentes en América Latina y otras regiones. Su aplicación solo reproduce el atraso, la inequidad y la desigualdad que analizan o combaten. Abogamos por la descolonización de las teorías y las políticas urbanas y su construcción regional crítica y consecuente con nuestras realidades concretas y las necesidades de la mayoría de nuestra población. Palabras clave: América Latina; globalización; teoría; políticas; colonialismo. Abstract: At the neoliberal globalization it is assumed that the theories, private practices and policies set to solve the urban issues are universally valid and efficient, independently from the geography, demography, history, development level, culture and physical configuration of each city. This could be justified by an alienated vision of this process, a vision that is widespread among the social stakeholders. However, in the long term and thanks to the uneven global village concept of capitalism and its different impact on the territories, social structure, cultures, systems and urban morphologies, they have lead to heterogeneities and inequities that make theories, practices and policies implemented in several countries and multinational organisms unenforceable, inefficient and adverse for undeveloped regions around the world. Its implementation reproduces the development delay, contradictions, inequity and inequality that they analyze or avoid. We advocate the decolonizing of urban theories, practices and policies for Latin America and for building them from a critical point of view that takes into account the reality and needs of our population. Keywords: Latin America; globalization; theory; politics; colonialism.
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OSBORNE, HARVEY, und MICHAEL WINSTANLEY. „Rural and Urban Poaching in Victorian England“. Rural History 17, Nr. 2 (26.09.2006): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793306001877.
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Poaching is commonly portrayed as the archetypal nineteenth-century ‘rural’ crime, particularly associated with agricultural districts of southern and eastern England. This study argues that this interpretation is misleading. Judicial statistics collected from the mid-nineteenth century suggest that poaching was much more widespread in the North and Midlands than has previously been acknowledged. These industrialising regions largely determined the national trends in poaching in the second half of the century which have usually been considered to be characteristics of rural society in the South. The South shared neither the national peak in prosecutions of the mid-1870s nor the dramatic decline in prosecutions thereafter. It considers a range of possible explanations for these different regional trends. These include a discussion of the potential motivation of so-called ‘steam age poachers’ but also the growing regional specialisation in game preservation during the period and the different opportunities, and obstacles, this presented for poaching.
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Breslavsky, Anatoliy S. „Урбанизация российского Дальнего Востока: Амурская область в 1989–2019 гг.“ Oriental Studies 14, Nr. 1 (05.04.2021): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-53-1-87-102.
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Introduction. Accelerated development of the Far East has been — and still is — one of the main priorities of Russia’s regional policy in the 2010s. The cities and urban agglomerations of the region are proclaimed by the Russian government as key basic points of further economic growth in this part of the country. At the same time, despite the efforts of the federal and regional authorities, the processes of urbanization in most regions of the Far East are still in crisis. Goals. The study aims to analyze the results of the Soviet urbanization in Amur Oblast and the dynamics of urbanization processes in the region over the past three decades. Materials and Methods. Analyzing official statistical data, as well as statutory instruments at the national, regional and local levels, the paper uses a set of general scientific methods, the statistical method, and special methods of historical research, in particular, the problem-chronological one. Results. The entire system of urban settlements in Amur Oblast experienced a dramatic socioeconomic, infrastructural and demographic crisis in the 1990-2010s. Even the first half of the 1990s witnessed a weakening of urbanization processes and an outflow of population from the region caused by the restructuring and crisis of production, the weakening of state social policy, a decrease in investments in the engineering and household development of territories, and insufficient solution of housing problems. In the structure of urban settlements, the greatest changes have affected workmen’s settlements most of which have lost the prospects for industrial development. In the early 2010s, the development of urban settlements in the region was still constrained by a number of economic factors (the regional budget deficit and its dependence on federal subsidies, the ongoing production crisis of most of the city-forming enterprises, etc.). Large infrastructure projects in the region (construction of the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Power of Siberia gas pipeline, Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, creation of advanced development areas) have supported urban settlements of the region’s industrial center in the 2010s. However, cities and towns in the north of the region have not received tangible sources of growth as a result of the Baikal–Amur Mainline project crisis. Conclusions. By the end of the 2010s, the general crisis of urbanization processes in the region resulted in that the network of urban settlements acquired more linear features — along the Trans-Siberian railway line — that be accompanied by concentrate resettlement towards Blagoveshchensk.
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Lemon, James. „Plans for Early 20th-Century Toronto“. Articles 18, Nr. 1 (07.08.2013): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017821ar.
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On several occasions in the early twentieth century, advocates of urban planning proposed significant measures for altering the layout of Toronto streets. Planning historians often have proposed that an interest in beautification was superseded by a focus on efficiency by the 1920s, but Toronto's plans largely were lost amidst private development processes and business cycles. Confusion over planning priorities, the short-term perspectives of politicians, and a lack of urgency also impeded city and regional planning. Toronto experienced less planning initiatives than major United-States cities.
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Sinclair, Paul J. J. „Archaeology in Eastern Africa: An Overview of Current Chronological Issues“. Journal of African History 32, Nr. 2 (Juli 1991): 179–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700025706.
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Even at this still early stage in the development of the chronostratigraphic framework in eastern Africa a number of important advances have been reported. As more attention is paid to the different responses of food producers to the variety of resources provided by the range of available environments then, and only then, will we be in a position to understand the diachronic processes which result in settlement aggregation and urban development.In the Lake Nyanza region at the hub of the Sudanic and Guinea–Congolian regional vegetation centres, early dates for iron working are not yet convincing enough to demonstrate independent invention of iron working, but the region is almost certainly the most important diffusion source of the technique to the eastern and southern sectors of the sub-continent.Currently available data from the Maasai–Somali region show clearly the early adoption of food production techniques and a capacity to absorb iron technology without necessarily abandoning pastoral production. This did not, however, mean a lack of development based on agriculture as the towns of the Somali coast with their advanced craft production clearly show. However, it is interesting that the urban development seems closely linked to the juxtaposition of the valuable agricultural resources provided by the Shabelle river running close to the coast and the marine resources of the littoral.The Zanzibar–Inhambane floral mosaic provides a context for the spread southwards of the early farming communities and for the development of the coastal towns. Particularly important here appears to have been the combination of surface and arboreal forms of agriculture with the exploitation of marine resources. Links eastwards with the specialized floral communities of the Comoro archipelago and Madagascar were also fully established. The highlands of Madagascar experienced the expansion from the eleventh century a.d. onwards of a settlement system increasingly focused upon hydraulic agriculture which culminated in the powerful Merina kingdom and ultimately the present day capital of Antananarivo.On the continent relatively little penetration into the Zambezian miombo woodland communities was achieved by the coastal urban dwellers. In the woodlands of the vast highlands of the interior different developmental trajectories of settlement systems occurred. Here food production cannot be shown to have become established earlier than the late first millennium b.c. But by the mid first millennium a.d. significant settlement hierarchies based on mixed cropping and cattle keeping were established on the Zimbabwe plateau and the margins of the Kalahari. These together with the incorporation of the opportunities presented by inter-regional exchange and the exotic trade goods penetrating from the coast ultimately gave rise to the powerful state formations of the Mapungubwe and Zimbabwe traditions.Together these developments show a remarkable degree of regional articulation and it remains true that an adequate understanding of the processes giving rise to urbanism in any part of eastern Africa cannot be understood in isolation.
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Baker, Andrew C. „Metropolitan Growth Along the Nation’s River: Power, Waste, and Environmental Politics in a Northern Virginia County, 1943-1971“. Journal of Urban History 43, Nr. 5 (28.08.2015): 703–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215601054.
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Post–World War II population growth outside Washington, D.C., brought the Potomac River’s watershed under metropolitan oversight. This article examines the history of Loudoun County, Virginia, an agricultural area thirty miles upstream from the District of Columbia, as it faced six proposed urban infrastructure projects between the 1940s and late 1970s. Tracing the history of these proposals reveals the complex interplay between the federal government and its agencies, urban interest groups, local governments, and grassroots environmentalists as each shaped this hinterland’s integration into the Washington metropolis. By underscoring the persistent conflicts between environmental activism, rural boosterism, and metropolitan development within one particular region, this article argues that this process of urban and suburban expansion was often fragmentary, and ultimately dependent as much on national political trends as it was on fragmented regional power structures.
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Bertz, Ned. „INDIAN OCEAN WORLD CINEMA: VIEWING THE HISTORY OF RACE, DIASPORA AND NATIONALISM IN URBAN TANZANIA“. Africa 81, Nr. 1 (24.01.2011): 68–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972010000045.
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ABSTRACTThis essay considers the role of Hindi films in urban Tanzania in writing new chronologies of Indian Ocean world history. Examining films and movie theatres through overlapping local, national and transnational lenses, the article contributes to our understandings of the encounter between the Indian diaspora and nationalism in East Africa, and extends the history of Indian Ocean world connections into the second half of the twentieth century. In order to escape the historiographical dialectic between nation and diaspora which splits scholarship on Hindi films overseas, cinema needs to be denationalized, and everyday social histories of urban cinema halls can then be framed within the Indian Ocean world. To do so successfully, however, we must challenge scholarship which asserts the collapse of this world in the early modern or colonial period (at the latest), in order to extend an Indian Ocean scale to capture the vibrant twentieth-century creation of a regional popular culture. The history of Bombay films in urban Tanzania thus enables a viewing of the transnational production of culture, and the ways in which cross-cultural flows are part of the construction of important categories like race and nationalism across the history of East Africa.
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Joshi, Shreya, Bhumika Morey, Sameer Deshkar und Bijon Kumer Mitra. „Applying Circulating and Ecological Sphere (CES) Concept for Post-Pandemic Development: A Case of Hingna Tahsil, Nagpur (India)“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 15 (31.07.2022): 9386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159386.
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COVID-19 has become one of the most significant events in the history of globalization. The prolonged ‘lockdown’ adopted across various countries in the world as a countermeasure for containing the spread of the virus profoundly brought forth socio-economic and infrastructural vulnerabilities in urban as well as rural parts of India. While urban and rural areas have been greatly studied with respect to the environment, human health, safety, livelihoods, associated risks, etc., in the context of pandemics, many of these studies seldom accommodate their interdependency as a pragmatic approach to planning. This is observed to be primarily due to the dynamic and diverse nature of interactions coupled with the development disparities between rural and urban areas, thereby adding complexity to development decision making. The present study, therefore, applies the lens of the circulating and ecological sphere (CES), introduced by the Japanese government for the localization of resource flows between urban–rural regions, to consider possible alternative development approaches to achieve smooth transitions during pandemics through the case study area located in Hingna tahsil in the Nagpur Metropolitan Area, India. The methodology uses the critical examination of rural–urban linkages amidst the crisis through key-informant surveys involving representatives from local governments. Using this feedback and spatial analysis tools, the research identifies probable entry points in post-pandemic regional planning. The research contributes to understanding the impact of spatial development during pandemics through ground-based evidence. The findings from this research highlight the need to manage rural dependencies on urban areas and underline the potential of the rural–urban linkage as an approach, acknowledged and emphasized through CES, for managing such regional-scale hazards. The investigation concludes with the discussion and future research scope for achieving the pronounced needs reflected through the study.
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Starostin, Aleksey N., und Ilham A. Bibarsov. „Islamic and Tatar-Bashkir Educational Institutions of Perm in the Late 19th – First Half of the 20th Centuries“. Minbar. Islamic Studies 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2018): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2018-11-1-38-51.
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Abstract: the article considers the history of the development of Islamic and Tatar-Bashkir educational institutions in Perm in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, as significant institutions of the urban Muslim and Tatar-Bashkir communities; the main periods of the formation of the content of education in these educational institutions are determined; the sources of funding, the level of students’ training, the state of teaching staff are analyzed.The main stages of the transformation of the policy of urban and regional authorities towards educational institutions in different political conditions have been studied.
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Hancock, Mary. „Subjects of Heritage in Urban Southern India“. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2002): 693–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d343.
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In this paper I deal with a recent effort, conducted jointly by corporate and voluntary bodies, to create a themed cultural environment in Chennai (formerly Madras), the capital city of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This project, not yet completed, fuses craft center with architectural reconstruction, and is the work of upper-caste, globally connected elites. The site, Dakshina Chitra, envisions southern Indian culture and history in ways that are tied to consumerism and to elite perceptions of regional and national heritage. This effort departs from and poses a critique of the versions of culture, history, and identity that have been inscribed by the state in urban public space during the second half of the 20th century—the statues, monuments, and memorials that celebrate Tamil ethnicity as promulgated in the Dravidianist sociopolitical movement. This movement, which originated in the late 19th century, provided a platform for anticolonial and subaltern social movements. It continues in the hands of the political parties who have controlled, at different times, the government of Tamil Nadu since 1967. The competing discourses on heritage posed by these different projects are indicative of political, economic, and cultural transformations associated with liberalization that are now reconfiguring the relations between state and society in southern India. The constructions of locality and history that became visible during the anticolonial struggle of the first half of the 20th century are being challenged by alternative formulations as heritage becomes a marketable good and consumption becomes a vehicle of political participation. With this case I consider the ways that themed urban environments serve not only as indices of the changing political economy, but also as markers of changes in the cultural mediation of political subjectivity.
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PHILLIPPS, JEREMY. „City and empire – local identity and regional imperialism in 1930s Japan“. Urban History 35, Nr. 1 (Mai 2008): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807005202.
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ABSTRACT:The formation of Manchuria in 1932 gave local cities along the Japan Sea coast new hope for development. However, their interpretation of imperialism was in terms of the city rather than the nation. The ways in which these discourses of nation and region played out in ideas of urban development are particularly clear in Kanazawa, the major city on the Japan Sea coast, in the rhetoric surrounding the presentation of empire and region in its exposition that spring.
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Hedgcock, Dave, und Andrea Marçel Pidalà. „Education, practice and professionalism: a comparative history of the development of urban and regional planning in Italy and Australia“. Planning Perspectives 29, Nr. 4 (07.08.2014): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2014.938100.
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Yaro, Robert. „How Regional Plan Association – New York's Civic-Led Group – 'Gets Things Done'“. Built Environment 48, Nr. 4 (01.12.2022): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.4.512.
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This paper brie fly describes Regional Plan Association's (RPA) eff orts over the past century to shape the development of the New York–New Jersey–Connecticut metropolitan region. With twenty-four million people and a $2+ trillion economy, this is America's largest urban region. I explore the advantages and drawbacks facing an independent, non-statutory entity like RPA in carrying out this mission. The RPA's history is the subject of a newly published monograph and website prepared by the Association for its Centennial in 2022 (RPA, 2022), and recent feature in Bloomberg CityLab (Scurio, 2022). This paper draws on my twenty- fiveyear personal experience leading RPA and its professional staff (1989–2014). I also conceptualized, led and co-authored RPA's Third Regional Plan, and initiated its Fourth Plan. The paper outlines how an independent civic group can help public bodies achieve important policy and investment outcomes for a large metropolitan region.
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DIMMOCK, SPENCER. „Reassessing the towns of southern Wales in the later middle ages“. Urban History 32, Nr. 1 (Mai 2005): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926805002683.
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On the basis of an emerging reassessment of the medieval urban experience in southern Wales, this article seeks to challenge the predominant view of Wales as being overwhelmingly rural before the nineteenth century. The study of Welsh towns has been limited by the survival of sources that in other regions have generated a renewed interest in the study of medieval urban society. Employing unusual sources that are available, generalizations are made here from the findings of case studies of two towns, Haverfordwest and Chepstow, in order to contribute to a regional synthesis of the urban experience in southern Wales. From this regional synthesis it will be possible to compare urban society in late medieval southern Wales with other regions in Britain and Europe in order to determine its particular characteristics, and with implications for later developments.
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Szabó, Mariann, und Fruzsina Bozsoki. „Redevelopment of Brownfields for Cultural Use from ERDF Fund—The Case of Hungary between 2014 and 2020“. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, Nr. 4 (14.04.2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15040181.
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In the current research we aim to analyse the public redevelopment projects financed in Hungary from the Territorial and Settlement Development OP between 2014 and 2020, with special focus on cultural use. Brownfield redevelopment is a major topic in an urban development context from an urban sustainability, circularity, and creative urban/regional development point of view. Within the examined period, 39% of the brownfield redevelopment projects have cultural ties. A detailed introduction of the cases highlights the importance of landscape-oriented spatial strategies, temporary use, and mixed land use options in redevelopment for long-term viability. The original function of redevelopment projects encompasses a wide range. We could find industrial brownfields from the 19th century to agro-food facilities from the soviet era, which proves that the allocation of ERDF funds for brownfield redevelopments helped the rehabilitation of those sites which are important in showcasing Hungarian history.