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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Oconee Nuclear Station (S.C.)"
1
Wald, Niel. „Injuries from Nuclear Accidents“. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045246.
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In view of public concern about health impairment from accidental radiation exposure, the record of forty years experience in the utilization of nuclear energy was reviewed. All reported exposure incidents producing health effects from external radiation sources and internal radionuclide contamination in the United States and some in other countries have been included. Preparations for the management of such accidents will be considered briefly. The relationship of this actual accident experience to the unresolved problems in management planning and professional and public education for future accidents like that at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station in Middletown, Pennsylvania, March 1979, but with potential associated health impairment, was discussed. The complete paper is published in the Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, organized by the “Club of Mainz” in Rome, Italy, 1983 (see Manni, C and Magalini, S, Springer Publ, Heidelberg, 1984).
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Costa-Amaral, Isabele C., Leandro V. B. Carvalho, Marcus Vinicius C. Santos, Daniel Valente, Angélica C. Pereira, Victor O. Figueiredo, Juliana Mendonça de Souza et al. „Environmental Assessment and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers Related to Chronic Occupational Exposure to Benzene“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 12 (25.06.2019): 2240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122240.
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Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene from fuels is a major cause for concern for national and international authorities, as benzene is a known carcinogen in humans and there is no safe limit for exposure to carcinogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of chronic occupational exposure to benzene among two groups of workers: filling station workers (Group I) and security guards working at vehicles entrances (Group II), both on the same busy highway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic data on the workers were evaluated; the concentration of benzene/toluene (B/T) in atmospheric air and individual trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured; oxidative stress was analyzed by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol groups (THIOL) and malondialdehyde (MDA); genotoxicity was measured by metaphases with chromosomal abnormalities (MCA) and nuclear abnormalities, comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (C-FPG), and methylation of repetitive element LINE-1, CDKN2B and KLF6 genes. Eighty-six workers participated: 51 from Group I and 35 from Group II. The B/T ratio was similar for both groups, but Group I had greater oscillation of benzene concentrations because of their work activities. No differences in ttMA and S-PMA, and no clinical changes were found between both groups, but linearity was observed between leukocyte count and ttMA; and 15% of workers had leukocyte counts less than 4.5 × 109 cells L−1, demanding close worker’s attention. No differences were observed between the two groups for THIOL, MDA, MCA, or nuclear abnormalities. A multiple linear relationship was obtained for the biomarkers MCA and C-FPG. A significant correlation was found between length of time in current job and the biomarkers C-FPG, MCA, GST, and MDA. Although both populations had chronic exposure to benzene, the filling station workers were exposed to higher concentrations of benzene during their work activities, indicating an increased risk of DNA damage.
3
Mamedova, Anastasia. „UK-China Relations: the U.S. Factor“. Contemporary Europe 104, Nr. 4 (01.08.2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope420214757.
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The article explores the evolution of the UK‟s approach to China through the lens of UK-US relations. A deeper UK-China economic partnership amid growing competition between Washington and Beijing has given rise to U.S.-UK divergences. They resulted in mounting pressure on the UK, which exacerbated under the Trump administration. The US wants to form a coalition of countries belonging to the political West (e.g., G7 and Five Eyes) to diversify supplies, decrease its dependence on Chinese goods and prevent Beijing from acquiring cutting-edge technologies. The following cases are described to explore U.S. attempts to influence Sino-British relations: the UK government‟s decision to allow Chinese investors to participate in building Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, the UK‟s accession to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, clearing Huawei technologies for use in the UK‟s 5G networks and US-UK military cooperation to exercise freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. This pressure is especially evident when U.S. national interests are directly affected, as the Huawei case shows. Moreover, the Conservative party is split when it comes to dealing with China. The UK has been trying to make the US position on China more constructive. Unlike the US, the UK‟s approach to China has been changing gradually.
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Haryanto, Dedy, Giarno Giarno, Sumantri Hatmoko, Yoyok Dwi Setyo Pambudi und M. Hadi Kusuma. „Thermal Resistance of the Loop Heat Pipe Prototype in Steady State Conditions“. Semesta Teknika 26, Nr. 2 (25.11.2023): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v26i2.18788.
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The nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 in Japan caused a tsunami and submerged the emergency diesel generator resulting in a station blackout (SBO). Based on the accident, a study was conducted on the use of passive safety systems as a support for active safety systems in nuclear reactor cooling systems. The Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) prototype is a small-scale LHP research facility, one of which is used to determine the characteristics and heat transfer events in LHP. Calculations to determine the thermal resistance of the LHP prototype need to be carried out to determine its performance level. The research was carried out experimentally for data collection followed by calculations based on the data that had been obtained. The calculation results obtained that the lowest thermal resistance is 0.014 °C/w with a 100% filling ratio and an airflow velocity of 2.5 m/s, so the setting of filling ratio and airflow velocity produces the best LHP prototype performance. The higher the airspeed, the greater the heat released by the condenser resulting in the value of the thermal resistance of the LHP prototype getting smaller. Thus, the greater the airspeed, the lower the thermal resistance of the LHP prototype, this indicates that the performance of the LHP prototype is increasing.
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Kaur, R., C. Knott und M. C. Aime. „First Report of Rust Disease Caused by Puccinia sparganioides on Spartina alterniflora in Louisiana“. Plant Disease 94, Nr. 5 (Mai 2010): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-5-0636a.
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Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (smooth cordgrass) is the dominant plant species of intertidal salt marshes in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions of the United States. It is a perennial deciduous grass that can reduce and reverse coastal erosion by buffering wave energy and storm surges and by accumulating suspended solids from intertidal waters. Therefore, smooth cordgrass is utilized extensively in coastal restoration projects in Louisiana. In July 2009, smooth cordgrass leaf samples with signs and symptoms of a rust disease were collected from plant material grown at the Aquaculture Research Station near Baton Rouge, LA. Numerous hypophyllous, narrow, linear lesions were observed in which the uredinia were pale orange, erumpent, and arranged seriately. Urediniospores were yellowish to orange, obovoid to oblong, echinulate with a thickened apical wall and obscure germ pores, and measured 27.5 to 44.9 (–48.3) × 17.3 to 27.6 (–31.05) μm. Telia and teliospores were not observed. The pathogen was identified as Puccinia sparganioides Ellis & Tracy based on the DNA sequence of nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) and internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS-2) amplified with rust-specific primers (1). The sequence (deposited in GenBank as No. GU327649) was found to share 99.8% identity (1,077/1,079 bp) with sequence No. GU058027 of P. sparganioides from S. patens (Aiton) Muhl. and did not match any other species of Puccinia in GenBank. P. sparganioides has previously been reported on S. alterniflora in Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sparganioides on S. alterniflora from Louisiana. Efforts to screen for rust-resistant lines for use in coastal restoration projects are underway to prevent land loss that could occur due to smooth cordgrass stress from infection. Voucher material (LSU00121657) has been deposited in the Bernard Lowy Mycological Herbarium (LSUM). References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Online publication. ARS, USDA, October, 2009.
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Kuo, Shi-Wen, Wen-Sheng Huang, Chan-An Hu, Wen-Kuei Liao, Tsi-Chiang Fung und Sing-Yung Wu. „Effect of thyroxine administration on serum thyrotropin receptor antibody and thyroglobulin levels in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism during antithyroid drug therapy“. European Journal of Endocrinology 131, Nr. 2 (August 1994): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310125.
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Kuo SW, Huang W-S, Hu C-A, Liao W-K, Fung T-C, Wu S-Y. Effect of thyroxine administration on serum thyrotropin receptor antibody and thyroglobulin levels in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism during antithyroid drug therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:125–30. ISSN 0804–4643 Graves' hyperthyroidism is due primarily to overproduction of antibodies to thyrotropin receptors (TR-ab), which stimulate the thyroid gland and cause hyperthyroidism. Antibody production during antithyroid drug therapy is an important determinant of the course of the disease. We therefore observed the changes of serum TR-ab, thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid hormone levels in response to administration of l-thyroxine (T4) in Graves' hyperthyroid patients during antithyroid drug therapy. Serum levels of TR-ab, Tg and other thyroid hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) during either methimazole treatment alone or in combination with thyroxine in 60 Graves' hyperthyroid patients. The patients initially were treated with 30 mg of methimozole daily for 3 months, which was then reduced to 15 mg daily for the following 3 months. All patients were euthyroid 6 months after the start of antithyroid therapy and the TR-ab level decreased from 61 ± 11% (±sd) to 28 ± 7% (p < 0.01). Patients then were divided into three groups: group A (N = 25), whose TR-ab level was 10% or more (the cut-off value for positivity), received 0.1 mg of T4 and 10 mg of methimazole daily for 6 months; group B (N = 15), whose TR-ab level also was 10% or more and was age- and thyroid function-matched with group A, received only 10 mg of methimazole daily for 6 months; group C (N = 20), with a TR-ab level of less than 10%, received 10 mg of methimazole alone daily for 6 months. In the T4-treated group (group A), the mean serum T4 level increased from 66 ± 21 to 117 ± 30 nmol/l (p < 0.05) and the TR-ab and Tg concentrations decreased from 38 ± 11 to 10 ± 5% (p < 0.01) and 135 ± 25 to 45 ± 12 μg/l (p < 0.01), respectively, after 6 months of combination therapy. In the non-T4-treated groups (groups B and C), the mean serum T4, TR-ab and Tg levels did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Serum TR-ab levels at the end of the combination therapy (group A) were significantly lower than with methimazole alone (27 ± 11%, p < 0.05). Serum TR-ab levels correlated positively with the serum Tg concentrations and ultrasonogram-measured thyroid volume in untreated (r = 0.281, p < 0.05 and r = 0.485, p < 0.001, respectively) and treated (r = 0.288, p < 0.05 and r = 0.480, p < 0.001, respectively) Graves' hyperthyroid patients after the first 6 months of methimazole therapy. A positive correlation was found between thyroid volume and serum Tg concentration before (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) and after (r = 0.450, p < 0.001) the first 6 months of methimazole therapy. However, the serum levels of thyrotropin were not correlated with those of TR-ab and Tg (p > 0.05) after methimazole therapy. In summary, the present study demonstrated a greater fall in serum TR-ab and Tg levels in patients with Graves' disease treated with combined methimazole and T4 than with methimazole alone. Sing-Yung Wu, Station 151, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Services, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
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Moore, K., E. Wroclawska, J. M. Kramer und S. L. Goicoa. „67 CELL TYPE AND CULTURE OVER TIME EFFECT DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 EXPRESSION IN BOVINE DONOR FIBROBLAST CELLS“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, Nr. 1 (2007): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab67.
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Aberrant chromatin remodeling has been implicated in the low success rates achieved from cloned embryos. Following fertilization, DNA methylation within a normal embryo is rapidly reduced to a very low level and remains low until the 8–16 cell stage when DNA methylation once again increases. In contrast, the majority of cloned embryos fail to exhibit a similar methylation pattern. This may be due to somatic cell-associated DNMT1s keeping methylation high. However, attempts to chemically modify methylation patterns of donor cells prior to cloning have proven problematic. The objective of this study was to determine if a more natural approach, such as culture conditions, time in culture, and/or cell type, could alter DNMT1 expression in donor fibroblast cells. Two experiments were designed to meet these objectives. Donor fibroblast cell lines were produced from biopsies taken from male and female skin, ovaries, and testes, and were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, in a humidified environment of 5% CO2 in air, at 39°C. In Experiment 1, cell lines were maintained at 70% confluence to passage 4, 8, and 12, and analyzed by reverse transcription real-time PCR. In Experiment 2, cell lines were evaluated under 3 culture conditions: proliferating (70% confluence), serum-starved (0.5% FBS), and confluent (100%), and analyzed by reverse transcription real-time PCR. RNA was isolated from cell lines using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), reverse transcribed, and analyzed for DNMT1 expression using Taqman real-time PCR, with β-actin as the reference standard. All samples and no template controls were run in triplicate. Final quantitation was done using the comparative CT method, and relative DNMT1 expression was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by LS means multiple comparisons. Cell type and passage number had a significant effect on DNMT1 expression. Ovarian fibroblasts had an overall increase in expression in DNMT1 over time (P < 0.05), whereas male skin fibroblasts demonstrated an opposite trend (P = 0.05). Female skin fibroblasts and testes fibroblasts also had a decrease in DNMT1 expression over time, but only approached significance (P < 0.10). For Experiment 2, culture conditions tested did not affect DNMT1 expression for any except one skin cell line. In that case, proliferating cells had significantly higher DNMT1 than quiescent cells (P < 0.005). This research emphasizes the importance of donor cell type and culture effects over time on gene expression. These important aspects should be considered when selecting and growing donor cells to be utilized in somatic cell nuclear transfer. This project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2006-35203-16620 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service and the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.
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Robertson, N. L., und C. J. Coyne. „First Report of Bean yellow mosaic virus from Diseased Lupinus luteus in Eastern Washington“. Plant Disease 93, Nr. 3 (März 2009): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-3-0319a.
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Lupine accessions from the Cool Season Food Legume Seed Collection are grown for seed regenerations in Pullman, WA by the Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station. Selected seed was germinated in the greenhouse and assayed by indirect ELISA using antiserum for potyvirus group detection (Agdia, Inc., Elkhart, IN). Healthy transplants were grown for seed collection on outside plots. In July of 2005, more than 90% of 307 Lupinus luteus L. transplants developed severe yellowing, necrosis, and stunting with an estimated 5% plant death. Plants were heavily infested with aphids and leaf sap was serologically positive for potyvirus. Partially purified virus preparations from infected plants contained filamentous particles and a 35-kDa protein that reacted with universal potyvirus antiserum on western blots. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using potyvirus universal primers (2) and cDNA derived from virion RNA generated a ~1.7-kbp product that was cloned and sequenced. The sequenced portion of the genomic RNA contained 1,610 nucleotides (nt) on its 3′-terminus (GenBank Accession No. EU144223) that included a partial nuclear inclusion protein, NIb, (1 to 637 nt) with the conserved amino acid (aa) replicase motif GDD (131 to 139 nt), the coat protein (CP) gene of 821 nt (638 to 1,459 nt), and a 171-nt untranslated region (1,460 to 1,630 nt) attached to a poly(A)tail. The CP sequence contained a NAG motif instead of the DAG motif commonly associated with aphid transmission. Searches in the NCBI GenBank database revealed that the CP aa and nt sequences contained conserved domains with isolates of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). A pairwise alignment (ClustalX) (4) of the CP aa from 20 BYMV isolates with the BYMV-Pullman isolate revealed identities from 96% (BYMV-S, U47033) to 88% (BYMV-MI [X81124)] -MI-NAT [AF434661]). This meets the species demarcation criteria of more than ~80% identity for inclusion with BYMV (1). Virion mechanical inoculations resulted in local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn and C. quinoa Willd., necrotic blotches on Phaseolus vulgaris L., and yellow spots and systemic movement in L. succulentus Douglas ex. K. Koch, L. texensis ‘Bluebonnet’, and L. texensis ‘Maroon’; BYMV was confirmed by western blots and ELISA. The experimental inoculations represent the first documented report of BYMV in the annual L. succulentus and biennial L. texensis species. Since BYMV is seedborne and transmitted by many aphid species (3), it is possible that several lupine transplants escaped potyvirus detection, and secondary transmission of BYMV to plants occurred by aphids. During the 1950s, BYMV was confirmed in several annual lupines grown as crops in the southeastern United States (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BYMV occurring naturally in a lupine species in Washington. BYMV is a destructive virus to lupine species worldwide and has a wide host range in Fabaceae. This research directly contributes toward the maintenance of virus-free lupine seed for distribution to scientists focusing on lupine research. References: (1) P. H. Berger et al. Family Potyviridae. Page 819 in: Virus Taxonomy: Eighth Report of the ICTV. C. M. Fauquet et al. eds., 2005. (2) J. Chen et al. Arch. Virol. 146:757, 2001. (3) R. A. C. Jones and G. D. Mclean, Ann. Appl. Biol. 114:609, 1989. (4) J. D. Thompson et al. Nucleic Acids Res. 24:4878, 1997.
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Isom, S. C., J. R. Stevens, R. Li, L. D. Spate, W. G. Spollen und R. S. Prather. „143 TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING OF PORCINE PRE- AND PERI-IMPLANTATION EMBRYOS“. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, Nr. 1 (2012): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab143.
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Significant embryo mortality occurs at or around the time of implantation or attachment in virtually all mammalian species studied to date, even in naturally conceived embryos. Embryos resulting from assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are even more susceptible to peri-implantation failure. Herein we describe our effort to characterise the transcriptomes of embryonic disc (ED) and trophoblast (TE) cells from porcine embryos derived from AI, IVF, parthenogenetic oocyte activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) on Days 10, 12 and 14 of gestation. The IVF, PA and somatic cell NT embryos were generated using in vitro–matured oocytes, cultured overnight in vitro and then transferred at the 1- to 2-cell stage into appropriately synchronized recipient gilts. On the appropriate collection day, embryos were flushed from the uterus and ED was separated from TE by mechanical dissection. Double-stranded cDNA from the collected samples was sequenced using the GAII platform from Illumina (San Diego, CA, USA). The resulting sequencing reads were aligned to a custom swine transcriptome database (see Isom et al. 2010). A generalized linear model was fit for each of 41 693 genomic regions, for ED and TE samples separately, accounting for embryo type, gestation day and their interaction and using total lane read count as a normalizing offset. Genes with significant embryo type differences (controlling the false discovery rate at 0.10) were subsequently tested for differences between IVF and each of AI, PA and NT. Those genes with significant post hoc differences (either up- or down-regulated compared with IVF) were characterised in terms of gene ontologies and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways using a gene set enrichment test. Bone morphogenetic protein signalling was down-regulated (KEGG; P = 0.0099; adjusted to control for FDR at 0.05) in the ED of IVF embryos when compared with AI embryos. In TE cells from IVF embryos, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and ErbB signalling (adj P = 0.031 for both pathways) were aberrantly regulated when compared with AI embryos. Of particular interest is the observation that expression of genes involved in chromatin modification (GO:BiologicalProcess; q-value = 0.00005) and epigenetic regulation of transcription (q = 0.00007) was very significantly disrupted in inner cell mass cells from NT embryos compared with IVF embryos. Surprisingly, no such disruption of the epigenetic machinery was observed in the TE cells from NT embryos. In summary, we have used high-throughput sequencing technologies to compare gene expression profiles of various ART embryo types during peri-implantation development. We expect that these data will provide important insight into the root causes of (and possible opportunities for mitigation of) suboptimal development of embryos derived from ART. Funding was received from NIH R01 RR013438 and Food for the 21st Century (RSP) and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station (UTA00151 and UTA00560 for S. C. Isom and J. R. Stevens, respectively).
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Frederick, Z. A., S. Villani, K. D. Cox, L. Los und J. Allen. „First Report of White Pine Blister Rust Caused by Cronartium ribicola on Immune Black Currant Ribes nigrum Cv. Titania in Preston, Connecticut“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2011): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-11-0609.
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Since the relaxation of federal sanctions on the planting of Ribes crops because of the development of white pine blister rust (WPBR) immune Ribes cultivars (3), a small industry for the production of Ribes fruit for fresh and processing markets was established in New York and surrounding New England states. The majority of Ribes acreage in the region is planted to a WPBR immune black currant R. nigrum cv. Titania. From 2008 to June 2011, symptoms resembling those caused by WPBR pathogen Cronartium ribicola were observed at a large (>12 ha) R. nigrum cv. Titania planting in Preston, CT. In 2008, infection was restricted to a single field (100% incidence), but in 2009, all fields suffered from premature defoliation by late July. In 2010 and 2011, there was considerable incidence (>85%), but premature defoliation was kept in check by chemical management. Symptoms began as chlorotic lesions (0.5 to 4.3 mm in diameter) on both sides of the leaf. These chlorotic lesions had margins delineated by leaf veins and many developed necrotic (0.3 to 0.9 mm in diameter) centers on the upper surface of leaves within 2 to 3 weeks. The undersides of lesions developed blisters containing orange uredinia (0.1 to 0.33 mm in diameter) with smooth peridia that broke with the production of yellow-orange urediniospores (30 × 15 to 25 μm). Symptoms and signs were consistent with published descriptions of C. ribicola (1) and with WPBR infections on highly susceptible R. nigrum cv. Ben Alder planted at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva. Additional confirmation was provided by sequencing the two internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S gene (GenBank Accession No. JN587805; 98% identity with No. DQ533975) in the nuclear ribosomal repeat using primers ITS1-F and ITS4 as described previously (2,4). Furthermore, an attempt was made to confirm pathogenicity in the greenhouse by inoculating shoots of potted nursery stock of R. nigrum cv. Titania. Shoots were inoculated by rubbing leaves with either an uninfected currant leaf or a currant leaf from Preston, CT sporulating with urediniospores. Plants were subsequently misted with dH20 and covered with plastic bags for 24 h. Plants were watered biweekly and kept in a greenhouse with 39 to 65% relative humidity at 21 to 26°C. Shoots were monitored for symptom development on a weekly basis. After 3 weeks, 2 of the 10 plants inoculated with infected leaves developed chlorotic lesions and uredinia identical to those on leaves from Preston, CT, while all others remained healthy. Although not easily reproducible in a greenhouse, the breakdown of immunity in R. nigrum cv. Titania was observed for the last 4 years in Connecticut. Given that WPBR immunity was one of the conditions for legalized planting of Ribes, the breakdown of immunity has potentially deleterious implications particularly for nearby states like Massachusetts and New York, in which the Ribes industries are expanding. Moreover, Ribes growers may need to rely on chemical management programs to manage WPBR in the future. References: (1) G. B. Cummins. Illustrated Genera of Rust Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1959. (2) M. Gardes and T. D. Bruns. Mol. Ecol. 2:113, 1993. (3) S. McKay. Hortic. Technol. 10:562, 2000. (4) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1990.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Oconee Nuclear Station (S.C.)"
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Kuch, Sebastian, Mario Leberig, Richard Brock, Florian Reiterer, Michael Riedmann und Kenneth Rooks. „Transient Validation of Areva’s New Arcadia™ Code System“. In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30743.
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AREVA has developed a new leading edge code suite to meet the challenges arising from increasing expectations in nuclear power plant availability and fuel performance while satisfying stricter safety requirements. ARCADIA™ [1] is an advanced 3D coupled neutronics/thermal-hydraulics/thermal-mechanics code system for Light Water Reactor (LWR) fuel assembly and core design calculations as well as safety analysis, using a new software architecture allowing for nodal and pin-by-pin calculation capability. ARCADIA™ was licensed by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for applications for PWR UO2 cores in 2013. It is on the way to be licensed in other countries for AREVA customers. ARCADIA™ contains the steady-state and transient core-simulator ARTEMIS™ [2] for core design and coupled transient safety analysis. ARTEMIS™ can be used in a coupled mode with S-RELAP5 and CATHARE 2 to allow fully coupled transient analysis, combining the sophisticated 3D core model of ARTEMIS™ with the proven system thermal-hydraulics of S-RELAP5 and CATHARE 2 including a detailed simulation of the Instrumentation and Control (I&C). This allows simulating complex transients affecting the core as well as the primary and secondary side including I&C signals and responses. For the validation of ARTEMIS™ a comprehensive set of validation cases was selected, including international benchmarks and measurements covering various classes of transients. These cases include a ‘Load Rejection to station service’ event at a German 1300 MWe plant, where a wide range of system and core parameters was measured that allow the validation of the fully coupled code system. Another validation case is a nodal recalculation of the core behavior during the pump shaft break transient that occurred in the Gösgen nuclear power plant in 1985 [3]. The paper will provide representative example results for the abovementioned validation cases.
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Ishikawa, Jun, Tomoyuki Sugiyama und Yu Maruyama. „Source Term Analysis Considering B4C/Steel Interaction and Oxidation During Severe Accidents“. In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67858.
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The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is pursuing the development and application of the methodologies on fission product (FP) chemistry for source term analysis by using the integrated severe accident analysis code THALES2. In the present study, models for the eutectic interaction of boron carbide (B4C) with steel and the B4C oxidation were incorporated into THALES2 code and applied to the source term analyses for a boiling water reactor (BWR) with Mark-I containment vessel (CV). Two severe accident sequences with drywell (D/W) failure by overpressure initiated by loss of core coolant injection (TQUV sequence) and long-term station blackout (TB sequence) were selected as representative sequences. The analyses indicated that a much larger amount of species from the B4C oxidation was produced in TB sequence than TQUV sequence. More than a half of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the B4C oxidation was predicted to dissolve into the water pool of the suppression chamber (S/C), which could largely influence pH of the water pool and consequent formation and release of volatile iodine species.
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De Rosa, Felice. „Application of MELCOR Code to a French PWR 900 MWe Severe Accident Sequence and Evaluation of Models Performance Focusing on In-Vessel Thermal Hydraulic Results“. In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89731.
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In the ambit of the Severe Accident Network of Excellence Project (SARNET), funded by the European Union, 6th FISA (Fission Safety) Programme, one of the main tasks is the development and validation of the European Accident Source Term Evaluation Code (ASTEC Code). One of the reference codes used to compare ASTEC results, coming from experimental and Reactor Plant applications, is MELCOR. ENEA is a SARNET member and also an ASTEC and MELCOR user. During the first 18 months of this project, we performed a series of MELCOR and ASTEC calculations referring to a French PWR 900 MWe and to the accident sequence of “Loss of Steam Generator (SG) Feedwater” (known as H2 sequence in the French classification). H2 is an accident sequence substantially equivalent to a Station Blackout scenario, like a TMLB accident, with the only difference that in H2 sequence the scram is forced to occur with a delay of 28 seconds. The main events during the accident sequence are a loss of normal and auxiliary SG feedwater (0 s), followed by a scram when the water level in SG is equal or less than 0.7 m (after 28 seconds). There is also a main coolant pumps trip when ΔTsat < 10 °C, a total opening of the three relief valves when Tric (core maximal outlet temperature) is above 603 K (330 °C) and accumulators isolation when primary pressure goes below 1.5 MPa (15 bar). Among many other points, it is worth noting that this was the first time that a MELCOR 1.8.5 input deck was available for a French PWR 900. The main ENEA effort in this period was devoted to prepare the MELCOR input deck using the code version v.1.8.5 (build QZ Oct 2000 with the latest patch 185003 Oct 2001). The input deck, completely new, was prepared taking into account structure, data and same conditions as those found inside ASTEC input decks. The main goal of the work presented in this paper is to put in evidence where and when MELCOR provides good enough results and why, in some cases mainly referring to its specific models (candling, corium pool behaviour, etc.) they were less good. A future work will be the preparation of an input deck for the new MELCOR 1.8.6. and to perform a code-to-code comparison with ASTEC v1.2 rev. 1.
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Cho, Yun-Je, Yeon-Sik Kim, Seok Cho, Seok Kim, Byoung-Uhn Bae, Heung-June Chung, Young-Jung Youn et al. „Advancement of Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP) Performance Verification Test in KAERI“. In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31075.
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Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has designed and constructed a test facility for reactor coolant pumps (RCPs). The RCP Test Facility (RCPTF) has the capability to test a RCP under the operation condition of an Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MW (APR1400). The design values of the facility are 17.2 MPa, 343 °C, 11.7 m3/s, and 13 MW in maximum pressure, temperature, flow rate, and electrical power, respectively. In the facility, it is possible to perform a type test for a newly-developed RCP as well as a production test for a RCP before its installation in a nuclear power plant. For the production test, H-Q curves under the cold and hot conditions are acquired. For the type test, various transient tests are additionally performed including four types of seal transient tests, a thrust bearing transient test, a cost down test, and so on. To acquire H-Q curves of a RCP, the flow rate should be controlled by varying the flow resistance in the test loop. The RCPTF uses a Variable Restriction Orifice (VRO) whose flow area can be controlled by moving the two orifice plates installed in-parallel. The need for flow control valves and bypass lines was eliminated using the VRO such that the flow disturbance was minimized. The flow rate in the main loop of the RCPTF is measured by a standard venture flow meter. The flow rate in the RCPTF is very high and thus the venture flow meter could not be calibrated in the entire range of Reynolds number corresponding to the operating condition in the APR1400. The calibration was conducted at the Colorado Experiment Engineering Station Inc. (CEESI) in the USA where natural gas is used for a working fluid. If a discharge coefficient calibrated with the gas is applied in the test results performed using the water as a working fluid, a discrepancy can occur due to the static hole error. Therefore, the static hole error was compensated in the test results and the result shows the improvement. The effect of the temperature on the pressure pulsation amplitude was also evaluated. During a cold performance test and heat-up phase to the condition of a hot performance test, an abnormal increase in the pressure pulsation amplitude was observed near the specific temperature range. This is acoustic resonance phenomena that occur when a blade passing frequency of the RCP is proportional to the harmonic resonance frequency of the RCPTF.
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Flaig, Wolfgang, Rainer Mertz und Jörg Starflinger. „Setup of the Supercritical CO2 Test-Facility “Scarlett” for Basic Experimental Investigations of a Compact Heat Exchanger for an Innovative Decay Heat Removal System“. In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67519.
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Supercritical fluids show great potential as future coolants for nuclear reactors, thermal power and solar power plants. Compared to the subcritical condition, supercritical fluids show advantages in heat transfer due to thermodynamic properties near the critical point. This can lead to the development of more compact and more efficient components, e.g. heat exchanger and compressors. A specific field of interest is a new decay heat removal system for nuclear power plants which is based on a turbine-compressor-system with supercritical CO2 as the working fluid. In case of a station blackout this system converts the decay heat into excess electricity and low-temperature waste heat, which can be emitted to the ambient air. This scenario has already been investigated by means of the thermo-hydraulic code ATHLET, numerically demonstrating the operation of this system for more than 72 h. The practical demonstration is carried out within the Project “sCO2-HeRo”, funded by the European Commission, in which a small scale demonstration unit of the turbo compressor shall be installed at the PWR glass model at GfS, Essen, Germany. To guarantee the retrofitting of this decay heat removal system into existing nuclear power plants, the heat exchanger needs to be as compact and efficient as possible. Therefore, a diffusion welded plate heat exchanger (DWHE) was developed and manufactured at IKE. It has been designed with rectangular mini-channels (0.5–3 mm hydraulic diameter) to ensure high compactness and high heat transfer coefficients. Due to uncertainties the DWHE has to be tested in regard to the actual possible transferrable heat power and to the pressure loss. According to this demand a multipurpose facility has been built at IKE for various experimental investigations on supercritical CO2, which is in operation now. It consists of a closed loop where the CO2 is compressed to supercritical state and delivered to the test section. The test section itself can be exchanged by other ones for various investigations. After the test section, the CO2 pressure is reduced and the liquid is stored in storage tanks, from where it is evaporated and compressed again. The test facility is designed to carry out experimental investigations with CO2 mass flows up to 0.111 kg/s, pressures up to 12 MPa and temperatures up to 150 °C. The first subject of interest will be the study of the thermal behavior of a DWHE using supercritical CO2 as a working fluid close to its critical point. Experiments concerning pressure loss and heat transfer will be carried out as a start for fundamental investigation of heat transfer in mini-channels. This paper contains a detailed description of the test facility, of the first test section and first results regarding heat transfer power and pressure loss.
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Laxman, Sankar, Blair Carroll und John Jin. „Regulatory Perspective for the Definition of Probabilistic Acceptance Criteria for CANDU Pressure Tubes“. In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63655.
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For the assurance of fitness-for-service of CANDU Pressure Tubes (PTs), guidelines and acceptance criteria are provided in Canadian Standard Association (CSA) N285.8-15, Technical requirements for in-service evaluation of zirconium alloy pressure Tubes in CANDU reactors. With respect to the assessment of risk of operation associated with degradation mechanisms and aging of the PTs in the entire core of a given reactor Unit, Clause 7 of CSA N285.8 allows Licensee’s to use either a deterministic or probabilistic method to assess the likelihood of PT failures. When a probabilistic method is used, the Licensee is obligated to demonstrate that the combined frequency of PT failure(s) over the evaluation period, due to the various potential degradation mechanisms, is less than the maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15. The maximum acceptable frequency provided in Table C.1 of CSA N285.8-15 was developed in the early-1990’s based on reactor operating experience and knowledge at that time, Station Siting Guides and Consultative Regulatory Guide C-006 (Revision 1). A task group was established by the CSA N285.8 Technical Steering Committee to re-evaluate the allowable failure frequencies to confirm that they remain relevant given the current state of knowledge and the additional evaluation tools available. This paper provides Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission staff views regarding the technical basis for revisions to the allowable frequencies based upon current industry practices in conducting probabilistic core assessments.
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Liu, Zhuhan, Na Li, Qulan Zhou und Taisheng Liu. „Study on the Effects of External Stress on Hot Corrosion Behavior of Steel T91 in the Oxidizing Atmosphere Containing SO2“. In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3241.
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Facing the challenge of needs of abundant, cheap and environmental-friendly supply of electricity, the parameters of utility boiler like the ultra-supercritical boilers should be improved to increase the efficiency of power generation, which may seriously influence the safety of thermal power station reduce the useful life of the boiler materials. With the increasing parameters of steam temperature, high temperature corrosion affected by many factors like temperature, corrosive gas and molten salt of water wall or super-heater near the combustion gas might be more and more serious. In additional with the increasing of the parameters of steam, the stress was induced by the nonuniform temperature distribution in the steel. Thus, the external stress in the steel, which plays an important role in the corrosion process, has been outstanding as the temperature increasing. Therefore, the external stress in the steel has been taken in account in the process of hot corrosion happening in the boilers. The hot corrosion behavior of steel T91 was experimentally studied under different stress in complex environment including high temperature and SO2 corrosive atmosphere. Through observing the corrosion products, morphology and compositional changes in corrosion scales formed in the 168h corrosion process through the XRD, SEM and EDS test, it could be informed that the corrosion behavior was strongly associated with the content of chromium oxides in the corrosion scales. Thus under the experimental environment, the oxides scales were mainly made of two layers in which the outer were formed of Fe oxides and the inner one contained Cr oxides and less Fe oxides. Generally, the Cr2O3 or Ni oxides has the most strong corrosion resistance among Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, so the portion of Cr2O3 in the corrosion scales strongly affect the hot corrosion. Since the corrosion behavior affected by many factors, the effects of external stress might be different in different temperature for example the 60MPa caused most serious corrosion at 700 °C but at 750 °C that is 40MPa. The external stress could accelerate the diffusion of negative ion like S and Cr elements to cause more serious corrosion.