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Kalaivanan, Dhanraj, Sumaiyya Saleem und Vishnu Rekha Chamarthi. „ocial media and itsimpact on child’s oral health: A review“. Journal of updates in Pediatric Dentistry 02, Nr. 01 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54276/jupd.2023.2104.
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Oral health has been found to have a profound effect on systemic health. The home environment has a huge influence on children's dental health and care. The family's influence on children's oral health and care is well recognized, and efforts to prevent Early Childhood Caries (ECC) development have focused on parents. Parental education, dental neglect, and difficulty in obtaining health care all serve as hurdles for the general public to adopt suggested child oral health-related behaviors. According to a recent survey, Internet penetration in India has reached about 47 percent in 2021, up from around 4 percent in 2007. The compelling power of internet-based knowledge and social media content has taken precedence over the world. Furthermore, the post-pandemic world and the generation affected directly by the aftermath of COVID have completely relied on social media and their opinions to maintain oral health. Delivering accurate and practical information to parents about their children's dental health is critical, but it can be difficult. These obstacles can be solved by targeting parents via social media networking and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). This expository narrative focuses on explaining the various facets of social media and their impact on the oral health of children and adolescents.
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Pryor, C. Scott, und Glenn M. Hoshauer. „Puritan Revolution and the Law of Contracts“. Texas Wesleyan Law Review 11, Nr. 2 (März 2005): 291–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v11.i2.7.
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The revolutionary political, economic, and religious changes in England from the time of Henry VIII through the execution of Charles I accompanied the creation of the modern law of contracts. Most legal historians have ignored the impact of the Protestant Reformation and the rise of Puritanism on the development of the common law. Only a few historians have considered the influence of Puritanism on the law but have come to conflicting conclusions. This paper considers the question of Puritanism's impact on three aspects of the common law of contracts: the rise of the writ of assumpsit, the rationalization of the doctrine of consideration, and the independence of promissory conditions. The Authors conclude that Puritan theology was irrelevant to assumpsit and consideration but could have influenced the framework of analysis of the application of virtually absolute liability in Paradine v. Jane. 1 Second, the Puritan emphasis on discipline-personals, ocial, and ecclesiastical- represents an independent source of influence on the development of the common law of contracts. The disciplined life grew in cultural significance with the Reformation and the subsequent process of confessionalization. Of the three confessional traditions arising from the Reformation, the Reformed, which included the Puritans, implemented discipline to the greatest extent. The Puritan tools of discipline-self-examination, literacy, catechizing, and local ecclesiastical implementation-proved effective. The emerging modern state valued a disciplined citizenry and eventually co-opted the social gains produced by Puritanism. The particular forms of Puritan theology and discipline were contributing factors to the English Civil War. The Civil War both precipitated the monopolization of judicial power in the common law courts and exacerbated the need for the imposition of social order from above. These factors also underlay the decision in Paradine v. Jane.2 Thus, the Authors believe that Puritan social practice influenced the common law of contracts.
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Jodrell, David. „Social-identity and self-efficacy concern for disability labels“. Psychology Teaching Review 16, Nr. 2 (2010): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2010.16.2.111.
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IntroductionEducational policy in the UK has moved towards inclusion (Lindsay, 2003), resulting in debate over the use of disability labels (Lauchlan & Boyle, 2007). Labelling influences social–identity (Olney & Brockelman, 2003), this paper suggests ocial–identity influences self–efficacy and, therefore, academic performance (Zimmerman, 1996, 2001).AimsTo investigate if past performance of in–group members will influence students’ self–efficacy beliefs.MethodA convenience sample of 30 undergraduates was recruited, half of whom were dyslexic. Participants were split equally into three conditions and informed of either high–dyslexic or high nondyslexic performance or were kept naive of past performance. Scores for efficacy beliefs were taken and analysed for differences between conditions.ResultsFor dyslexic participants both the high–dyslexic and high non–dyslexic performance conditions resulted in significantly differing self–efficacy scores when compared to dyslexic participants in the control group. Scores also significantly differed for non–dyslexic participants in the high–dyslexic performance compared to non–dyslexic controls, for one self–efficacy scale, however, no significant differences were found between non–dyslexic’s in the control condition and those in the high non–dyslexic performance condition.ConclusionsWhile, dyslexic students showed predicted differences in efficacy scores relative to in–group member’s performance. For non–dyslexic students, a significant d fference was only found for those in the high–dyslexic performance condition. Therefore, results suggest that dyslexic students’ self–efficacy was influenced by social identity. For non–dyslexics this was not the case. The small number of participant’s percondition and the impact of stereotyping are suggested as mitigating predicted significant differences in selfefficacy scores for non–dyslexics. The effect of past dyslexic performance on dyslexic self–efficacy scores is described in relation to disability labels. Due to alternative theoretical explications for data trends found, and methodological limitations the study’s principal conclusion is the need to expand on findings demonstrated.
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Armstrong, Tess, Matthew Rockloff und Phillip Donaldson. „Crimping the Croupier: Electronic and mechanical automation of table, community and novelty games in Australia“. Journal of Gambling Issues, Nr. 33 (01.08.2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.7.
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Technological innovation has increased electronic and mechanical automation to traditional games that replace or augment human croupiers, and also change how the games are enjoyed. Little is known about how these automated products may influence people's gambling or entice new players to try these table and community games. Research regarding the characteristics of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) has provided insights into the potential consequences associated with technological enhancements. However, without knowing how these products differ to their traditional counterparts, it is difficult to begin to understand their implications on player expenditures and product safety. An Australian national environmental scan of these electronically and mechanically enhanced table-game and community-game products was conducted to identify the characteristics of these automated products Australia-wide. Based on EGM research (Armstrong & Rockloff, 2015), the "VICES" framework was identified as an appropriate organising principle for surveying the features of automated products. The VICES acronym specifies 5 criteria by which automated products might differ from traditional table-games: (v)isual and auditory enhancements, (i)llusion of control, (c)ognitive complexity, (e)xpedited play, and (s)ocial customisation. The findings suggest that automation provides the potential for the provision of products that intensify gambling engagement with the attendant potential for gambling-related harm. Further research, however, is needed to find if this potential harm is manifest in real-world gambling environments.
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Zharovska, Halyna. „Transnational organized crime as a destructive phenomenon of globalization“. Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, Nr. 2 (10.08.2020): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.2.2020.67.
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The article examines the problems associated with the impact of globalization on the state of crime and the factors of modernglobal processes that shape it’s destructive phenomenon – transnational organized crime. The study concluded that globalization ofcrime is now the main trend of it’s criminal transformation; transnational organized crime is a real step towards criminalization of society.Therefore, it is quite reasonable to assert that the formation of a transnational criminal environment is an antipode for a law-abidingsociety. The main factors of criminalization of society include: value-vacuum (weak state and the lack of values in society – this is theworst combination for society and the most advantageous for the progress of crime); informational influence, which justifies and legi -timizes criminal phenomenon; involvement people to the criminal society; instability. Besides improper state development leads to ocial non-adaptability, stratification of society. The modern “globalized progress”, that focused on alleged human values destroys thenormative base by legal, quasi-legal and criminal actions. Such transformation of society is the source for the transformation of organi -zed crime.It is actually nowadays to develop the fundamentally new attitude to the study of transnational crime, – sociocultural attitude,which can be based on such a postulate – the factors of the development of transnational criminal organizations associated with theemergence of appropriate opportunities at the global level.During exploring the transnational organized crime as a phenomenon that paradoxically is created by socio-cultural developmentof human civilization, firstly, it is necessary to understand that this phenomenon is a completely separate segment of crime, which hasit’s own and system characteristics.Secondly, the scientific definition of the features of transnational organized crime should be based on an analysis of it’s systemicinteractions, which will enable to solve the problem of developing and implementing a national and consolidated concept of combatingtransnational organized crime at the international level.
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Rustamaji, Ibnu. „PENGARUH GAYA ARSITEKTUR BANGUNAN INDIS TERHADAP ASPEK SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN BOYOLALI“. Haluan Sastra Budaya 3, Nr. 1 (16.09.2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v3i1.26408.
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<p><em>This research aims to find out the problems of the </em><em>a</em><em>rchitectural Style of the Indis in Boyolali 1910 – 1915 who stay in city center and affected by the existence of the Boyolali village from socio-cultural. The problems related to this study are</em><em> k</em><em>nowing the background of the history of Boyolali City, development of the architectural style of the building Indis,</em><em> and</em><em> </em><em>s</em><em>ocial and cultural impact of the architectural style of the building Indis in boyolali.</em><em> </em><em>Based on the problem above, this research uses methods of historical research in the form of </em><em>h</em><em>euristics, </em><em>s</em><em>ource </em><em>c</em><em>riticism, </em><em>i</em><em>nterpretation, </em><em>and </em><em>historiography. </em><em>The r</em><em>esults </em><em>are </em><em>th</em><em>at</em><em> architecture of Indis have a major influence on the dynamics of Boyolali</em><em> which t</em><em>meeting of two different cultures between European and indigenous cultures</em><em>.</em><em> Indis architectural style buildings in Boyolali can be seen in the city center in Pandanaran street Boyolali, and around Merapi and Merbabu street</em><em>.</em><em> Appearence architectural style Indis resulting cultural and social impact in the community. The impact of culture reflected in language, sciene and architecture. Social impact on the emergency of class and social status based on architectural style residence, Indis style and education.</em></p>
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Cameselle-Pesce, Pedro. „Italian-Uruguayans for Free Italy: Serafino Romualdi's Quest for Transnational Anti-Fascist Networks during World War II“. Americas 77, Nr. 2 (April 2020): 247–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2019.107.
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AbstractIn 1941, the well-known international Cold War actor Serafino Romualdi traveled to South America for the first time. As a representative of the New York-based Mazzini Society, Romualdi sought to grow a robust anti-fascist movement among South America's Italian communities, finding the most success in Uruguay. As Romualdi conducted his tour of South America, he began writing a series of reports on local fascist activities, which caught the attention of officials at the Office of the Coordinator for Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA), a US government agency under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller. The OCIAA would eventually tap Romualdi and his growing connections in South America to gather intelligence concerning Italian and German influence in the region. This investigation sheds light on the critical function that Romualdi and his associates played in helping the US government to construct the initial scaffolding necessary to orchestrate various strategies under the umbrella of OCIAA-sponsored cultural diplomacy. Despite his limited success with Italian anti-fascist groups in Latin America, Romualdi's experience in the region during the early 1940s primed him to become an effective agent for the US government with a shrewd understanding of the value in shaping local labor movements during the Cold War.
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Permana, Natalis Sukma. „PERSEPSI UMAT TERHADAP PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DI PAROKI SANTO HILARIUS KLEPU-PONOROGO“. JPAK: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katolik 12, Nr. 6 (07.02.2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34150/jpak.v12i6.199.
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Universal Church concerns deeply to social-economic problem of human race. Social Doctrine of The Church then appears as a way to solve social-economic problems of human race. That is why, the Indonesian apostolates attends in a ocial-economic Development (PSE) where it has been depeloped at all dioceses. Although, the development of socio-economic program is not supported well, but nowdays, Klepu-Ponorogo St. Hilary Parish has been traying to develope this program. They have some kinds of social-economic developments program such as: farming training school, home industry, organic rice farming, barns, mushrooms cultivation, urine liquid fertilizer. Eventhough, practically, they find some problems different interests on PSE program. It is actually influenced by the ineffectiveness of the program socialization to the whole people. Another factor is that, the people has not been yet interested to join in the program.
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LI, XIAOJUN, AIJUN WEN, ZENGJI LIU und TAO SHANG. „INFLUENCE OF EXTINCTION RATIO ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RZ-ODPASK MODULATION FORMAT“. International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, Nr. 11 (30.04.2009): 2479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209052352.
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The influence of extinction ratio (ER) on the performance of 120 Gbps return-to-zero octal differential phase-amplitude-shift keying (RZ-ODPASK) modulation format in single-channel transmission is investigated. Based on the modulation and demodulation schemes, the structures of RZ-ODPASK transmitter and receiver are presented; and expressions for the output optical fields and electrical currents of amplitude and phase tributaries are analytically acquired. As ER is a tradeoff for good performance of the two tributaries, the optimal ER for back-to-back configuration is theoretically derived as 2.32 dB for the first time, which is verified by simulation. Then the tolerances to residual chromatic dispersion (CD) and fiber nonlinearity of RZ-ODPASK transmission are numerically studied, respectively. The results indicate that phase tributary is more robust against both dispersion and nonlinearity impairment than the amplitude tributary. To balance the performance of the two tributaries, curves of the optimal ER values with the change of residual CD and fiber nonlinearity are also obtained, respectively. The results can be useful for the design of RZ-ODPASK systems; in the meantime, the analytical methodology described in this paper is applicable to other multilevel RZ-DPASK modulation formats.
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Kuzmin, Anton M., Vladimir N. Vodyakov, Elena A. Radaykina, Vyacheslav V. Kuznetsov und Mariya I. Murneva. „Influence of Injection Rate on Mechanical Properties of the Molding Composition Based on Polyamide 6 and Carbon Nanotubes“. Key Engineering Materials 899 (08.09.2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.185.
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This paper is devoted to obtaining and investigating polymer composites based on polyamide-6 and carbon nanotubes. Polyamide 6, type 210/310, was used as a polymer matrix, and carbon nanotubes manufactured by OcSiAl were used as a modifier. The components were compounded in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder HAAKE Rheomex OS PTW 16 to obtain granulate. The granulate was processed by injection molding on a Babyplast 6/10V machine to obtain test samples as double-sided blades (ISO-527-2, type 5A). Elastic strength tests were carried out on a Gotech UAI-7000M universal tensile-testing machine. It has been shown that introduction of 0.15% CNT promotes an increase in the yield point and the initial modulus of elasticity with a significant decrease in the ultimate strength. The maximum value of the tensile strength (161 MPa) has been obtained for the specified composition at an injection rate of 12.9 ml/s.
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Wang, Rui, Tao Yuan und Yanyu Zhang. „Finite-Alphabet Rate-Energy-Uncertainty Tradeoff in Multicasting SWIPT with Imperfect CSIT: An Error Performance Perspective“. Electronics 13, Nr. 3 (27.01.2024): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13030523.
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Most of the existing works for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) focus on the robust designs via numerical approaches under the Gaussian input assumption or on the information–theoretic rate–energy tradeoff with perfect transmitter channel state information (CSIT). In contrast, this study, from an error performance perspective, investigates the optimal finite-alphabet signal structures and reveals the influence of CSIT uncertainty on the finite-alphabet rate and energy harvesting in multi-input single-output multicasting (MSM) SWIPT. To this end, we first utilize CSIT with any bounded uncertainty to establish a constellation-optimal space–time (COST) structure optimizing the worst-case minimum Euclidean distance among all the feasible sets for any given power splitting of all users under energy-harvesting constraints. The COST structure is proved to be rank-one with a multidimensional optimal constellation over ideal additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels (OCIA) with a worst-case optimized beamformer within the CSIT uncertainty. Then, for the case without CSIT, Alamouti transmission of 2D OCIA is proved to be the COST structure for a two-antenna MSM-SWIPT. We further show that the above two COSTs reveal an unreported fundamental tradeoff for MSM-SWIPT among finite-alphabet rate, energy harvesting and uncertainty of CSIT. The tradeoff comparison for different levels of sphere-bounded CSIT uncertainty indicates that there exists a feasibility region where imperfect CSIT can be very helpful for enhancing the system performance of MSM-SWIPT. The observations obtained in this paper provide useful insights into the fundamental finite-alphabet structures and tradeoff in SWIPT systems.
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Ravina Ripoll, Rafael, und José Joaquín Rodríguez Moreno. „La gestión municipal de Cádiz durante la Segunda República Española y la Guerra Civil Española: las actuaciones del Alcalde republicano Manuel de la Pinta y el alcalde franquista Juan de Dios Molina (1932-1940)“. Revista de Historia y Geografía, Nr. 31 (15.05.2015): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.31.382.
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ResumenLas biografías están volviendo a ser utilizadas actualmente como herramientas historiográficas para el estudio del pasado. A través del estudio de las biografías, ideología y actuaciones de un alcalde democrático y otro franquista de Cádiz, descubriremos cómo el gobierno público local se vio influido más porla ideología que por los proyectos políticos de cada uno de ellos.Palabras clave: Segunda República Española, Guerra Civil Española, Historial ocal, Cádiz. Cadiz city management during the Second Spanish Republic andthe Spanish Civil War: actions by the Republican Mayor Manuelde la Pinta and francoist Mayor Juan de Dios Molina (1932-1940)AbstractBiographies are currently used as historiographical tools for studying the past.Through the study of biographies, ideology and actions of a democratic mayorand a Francoist mayor from Cadiz we will discover how the local public administration was influenced more by ideology than by their own political projects.Keywords: Second Spanish Republic, Spanish Civil War, local history, Cadiz.
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Davis, Lee, und Bori Fehér. „Design for Life: Moholy-Nagy’s Holistic Blueprint for Social Design Pedagogy and Practice“. Disegno, Nr. 1-2 (2021): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21096/disegno_2021_1-2ld-bf.
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Design discourse is evolving in response to a confluence of global challenges: a pandemic; increasing economic disparities; systemic racism and social inequality; rising authoritarianism, nationalism and political division; and the urgency of the climate crisis. Designers are increasingly questioning their role and responsibility in the world and seeking opportunities to leverage their creative talents to address these intractable problems. At the center of this critique is also a fundamental reappraisal of the predominant design paradigm, the anthropocentric process of “human-centered design,” promulgated since the mid-1950s (Dreyfuss 1955). A growing body of literature has emerged, questioning the human-centric perspective in design (Benyus 1997; Norman 2005; IDEO 2014; Fulton 2019; Escobar 2018; Boradkar 2015; Weaver 2019; Hess 2020). Concomitantly, the concept of “life-centered design” is gaining attention among design educators, students and practitioners. But to refer to the concept of life-centered design as “new” would be disingenuous. László Moholy-Nagy advocated for such a revolution a hundred years ago. From the early 1920s he called for a holistic, organic, life-centered design pedagogy, practice, and mindset. Much has been written about Moholy-Nagy’s art, photography and teaching but relatively little attention has been given to his pioneering thinking, writing, and practice in “social design.” Moholy-Nagy was also a pioneer in articulating a role for designers in addressing the critical economic, social, and environmental challenges of the time. As the founding director of the New Bauhaus and the Institute of Design in Chicago, he believed designers would need to move beyond the consumerist view in favor of “a better understanding of those principles which control all life”—individual life, ocial life, and life in the natural world. Driven by his own humble beginnings and rural upbringing, his personal trauma in war, the rise of Fascism and the onset of a second world war, his itinerant life across diverse cultural, artistic, natural, and theoretical influences, Moholy-Nagy evolved a blueprint for a vision of life-centered design that is as salient today as it was a century ago.
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Wu, Jia, Jiahao Xia und Fangfang Gou. „Information transmission mode and IoT community reconstruction based on user influence in opportunistic s ocial networks“. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 04.03.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12083-022-01309-4.
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Wu, Chenwang, Defu Lian, Yong Ge, Min Zhou und Enhong Chen. „Attacking Social Media via Behavior Poisoning“. ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, 27.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3654673.
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Since social media such as Facebook and Twitter have permeated various aspects of daily life, people have strong incentives to influence information dissemination on these platforms and differentiate their content from the fierce competition. Existing dissemination strategies typically employ marketing techniques, such as seeking publicity through renowned actors or targeted advertising placements. Despite their various forms, most simply spread information to strengthen user impressions without conducting formal analyses of specific influence enhancement. And coupled with high costs, most fall short of expectations. To this end, we ingeniously formulate the task of social media dissemination as poisoning attacks, which influence specified content’s dissemination among target users by intervening in some users’ social media behaviors (including retweeting, following, and profile modifying). Correspondingly, we propose a novel poisoning attack, I nfluence-based S ocial M edia A ttack (ISMA) to generate discrete poisoning behaviors, which is difficult to achieve with existing attacks. In ISMA, we first contribute an efficient influence evaluator to quantify the spread influence of poisoning behaviors. Based on the estimated influence, we then present an imperceptible hierarchical selector and a profile modification method ProMix to select influential behaviors to poison. Notably, our attack is driven by custom attack objectives, which allows one to flexibly design different optimization goals to change the information flow, which could solve the blindness of existing influence maximization methods. Besides, behaviors such as retweeting are gentle and simple to implement. These properties make our attack more cost-effective and practical. Extensive experiments on two large-scale real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method as it significantly outperforms baselines, and additionally, the proposed evaluator’s analysis of user influence provides new insights for influence maximization on social media.
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Veljkovic, Milan, Snezana Zivkovic und Miodrag Milenovic. „PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF NOISE AS A STRESSOR“. Safety Engineering 6, Nr. 1 (15.06.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7562/se2016.6.01.06.
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The paper deals with the issues related to noise as an environmental stressor by considering its influences on the human psychophysiological functioning, the psychos ocial impacts and the psychological symptoms. In the first part of the paper, some basic concepts and definitions of stress and impact of stressors are given, while in the second part of the paper the basic mechanisms of psychophysiological response to stress and the studies dealing with noise as one of the most common environmental stressors are presented. The paper shows that the noise seriously affects the nervous system, both central and vegetative, which further influences the heart, blood vessels, blood pressure, digestive tract and many other organs and tissues, where many changes and functional disturbances including harassment, sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease and cognitive performance deficit are caused. Noise exposure is associated with psychological symptoms, but not with the clinically defined psychiatric disorder. Key words: stress, noise, environmental stressor, reactions .
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Nascimento, Jorge, und Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro. „The PSICHE framework for sustainable consumption and future research directions“. EuroMed Journal of Business, 16.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-12-2021-0199.
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PurposeConsidering the relevance of understanding what influences environmentally sustainable consumer choices, the present study aims to examine and synthesize the key determinants factors from literature and outline a new conceptual framework for explaining green purchasing behaviors (GPBs).Design/methodology/approachA bibliometric analysis was conducted on 161 articles extracted from Web of Science and Scopus databases, which were systematically evaluated and reviewed, and represent the current GPB knowledge base. Content analysis, science mapping and bibliometric analysis techniques were applied to uncover the major theories and constructs from the state-of-the-art.FindingsThe evolving debate between altruistic and self-interest consumer motivations reveals challenges for rational-based theories, as most empirical applications are not focused on buying behaviors, but instead either on pro-environmental (non-buying) activities or on buying intentions. From the subset of leading contributions and emerging topics, nine thematic clusters are unveiled in this investigation, which were combined to create the new PSICHE framework with the purpose of predicting GPB: (P)roduct-related factors, (S)ocial influences, (I)ndividual factors, (C)oncerns about the environment, (H)abits and (E)motions.Practical implicationsBy uncovering the multiple intervening factors in GPB decision processes, this study will assist practitioners and academics to move forward on how to foster more sustainable consumer behaviors.Originality/valueThe present study provides readers a summary of an unprecedentedly broad collection of papers, from which the key themes are categorized, the domain's intellectual structure is captured and an actionable framework for enhancing the understanding GPB is proposed. Four new thrust areas and a set of future research questions are included.
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Lenart, Marzena, Magdalena Górecka, Michal Bochenek, Emilia Barreto-Duran, Artur Szczepański, Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga, Natalia Mazur-Panasiuk et al. „SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs NK cell functions via activation of the LLT1-CD161 axis“. Frontiers in Immunology 14 (23.05.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123155.
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IntroductionNatural killer (NK) cells plays a pivotal role in the control of viral infections, and their function depend on the balance between their activating and inhibitory receptors. The immune dysregulation observed in COVID-19 patients was previously associated with downregulation of NK cell numbers and function, yet the mechanism of inhibition of NK cell functions and the interplay between infected cells and NK cells remain largely unknown. MethodsIn this study we show that SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cells can directly influence NK cell phenotype and functions in the infection microenvironment. NK cells were co-cultured with SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial cells, in a direct contact with A549ACE2/TMPRSS2 cell line or in a microenvironment of the infection in a 3D ex vivo human airway epithelium (HAE) model and NK cell surface expression of a set of most important receptors (CD16, NKG2D, NKp46, DNAM-1, NKG2C, CD161, NKG2A, TIM-3, TIGIT, and PD-1) was analyzed. ResultsWe observed a selective, in both utilized experimental models, significant downregulation the proportion of CD161 (NKR-P1A or KLRB1) expressing NK cells, and its expression level, which was followed by a significant impairment of NK cells cytotoxicity level against K562 cells. What is more, we confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulates the expression of the ligand for CD161 receptor, lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1, CLEC2D or OCIL), on infected epithelial cells. LLT1 protein can be also detected not only in supernatants of SARS-CoV-2 infected A549ACE2/TMPRSS2 cells and HAE basolateral medium, but also in serum of COVID-19 patients. Finally, we proved that soluble LLT1 protein treatment of NK cells significantly reduces i) the proportion of CD161+ NK cells, ii) the ability of NK cells to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in A549ACE2/TMPRSS2 cells and iii) the production of granzyme B by NK cells and their cytotoxicity capacity, yet not degranulation level. ConclusionWe propose a novel mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition of NK cell functions via activation of the LLT1-CD161 axis.
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Alvina, Sonia, und Fransisca Iriana R. Dewi. „PENGARUH HARGA DIRI DAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TERHADAP RESILIENSI MAHASISWA DENGAN PENGALAMAN BULLYING DI PERGURUAN TINGGI“. Psibernetika 9, Nr. 2 (14.06.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/psibernetika.v9i2.472.
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<p><em><span>The aim of Study orientation and College Introduction (Orientasi Studi dan Pengenalan Kampus/Ospek) is to give early introduction for new students about a various aspects of college life. Orientation activity d</span></em><em><span lang="IN">i</span>vided into university, faculty, and majoring orientation. The main university orientation activity which is held for three days would be extended in faculty and majoring for about 3 months or 1 year and should be attended by all of the new students. Orientation activity usually characterized by mentally challenging activitiy and strong stigma of harshness or violence. Orientation phenomenon is called hazing or bullying. Bullying is described as an oppression, bullying, hazing, extortion, exclusion, and intimidation. Bullying which is happen during orientation tend to valued as stressful situation, therefore each student have to have resilience. Resilience is one’s ability to deal with and to overcome life stressor and perceiving negative experiences as a valuable experience so that one can change to a better life. Resilient people has a several determining factors, included self-esteem and social support. The aim of this research is to examine the significant effect of self-esteem and social support to student’s resilience to deal with bullying experience in college. Sample in this research is 180 participants, using the snowball sampling technique and given measurement instrument such as questionnaires using a Likert scale to measure self-esteem, social support, and resilience. Data analysis in this research using Multiple Regression Analysis with a significance level 0.05. Based on data analysis obtained score R = 0,669, R<sup>2 </sup>= 0,448. The result of this research concluded that there is a significant effect of self-esteem and social support to resilience. The result showed the proportion of variance explained by all the resilience independent variable is equal to 44.8%, while 55.2% is influenced by other variables outside of research.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> </em><em>s</em><em>elf-este</em><em>em;</em><em> </em><em>s</em><em>ocial </em><em>s</em><em>upport</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>r</em><em>esilience</em><em>;</em><em> </em><em>s</em><em>tudent</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>