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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Occupied an old French fort"
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Kennett, Douglas, Atholl Anderson, Matthew Prebble, Eric Conte und John Southon. „Prehistoric human impacts on Rapa, French Polynesia“. Antiquity 80, Nr. 308 (01.06.2006): 340–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00093662.
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New excavations and survey on the island of Rapa have shown that a rockshelter was occupied by early settlers around AD 1200 and the first hill forts were erected about 300 years later. Refortification occurred up to the contact period and proliferated around AD 1700. Taro cultivation in terraced pond-fields kept pace with the construction of forts. The authors make a connection between fort-building and making pond-fields, demonstrating that the pressure on resources provoked both the intensification of agriculture and hostility between the communities of the small island.
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Et. al., Luu Van Quyet,. „Rach Cat Fort - The Largest French-Built Strategic Fort In Vietnam In Early 20th Century“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 11 (10.05.2021): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.5987.
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In 1900, at the risk of the spread of World War I, the French strengthened the defensive lines on the southwestern coast of France as well as the forts along the Germany-France border. In Vietnam, after occupying all six provinces in the South, in order to protect Sai Gon - the capital of the six provinces from other Western powerhouses, the French built a coastal defensive line stretching from present-day Vung Tau to Can Gio (Sai Gon) and to Can Duoc (Long An) to counter the attacks from the coast to the mainland. Long Huu Island, located between the three rivers of Can Giuoc (Rach Cat), Vam Co and Soai Rap (Nha Be) was chosen as the place to build one of the largest military forts in Indochina at that time - Rach Cat Fort (the French also called it “River Defense System” and “Cap Saint-Jacques"). This is one of the earliest military buildings and the most fortified forts across Indochina, which played a crucial role to the French in Southern Vietnam. In the course of its existence, Rach Cat Fort witnessed many military operations. Currently, despite deteriorated parts, the structure of Rach Cat Fort is still intact. With its unique historical value as well as aesthetic value as an old European-style fort, Rach Cat Fort has been ranked as a National Historic Site and is being developed by local authorities into a tourist attraction that attaches historical relics to eco-tourism.
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Mansyur, Abdul, und La Ode Muhammad Rauda Agus Udaya Manarfa. „The Order of the City Three Fortresses Adjacent to the Sultanate of Buton in the Local Culture-Based Hilly Landscape of Baubau City of Southeast Sulawesi“. GMPI Conference Series 2 (31.01.2023): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53889/gmpics.v2.169.
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The Sultanate of Buton whose Sultan is called khalifatul khamis was formed in 1332 and became one of the past Islamic civilizations. Historically, the land of the royal city center was discovered, pioneered and built by four groups of immigrants from Johor. In addition to its interactions with local neighboring kingdoms in the archipelago and several European countries, the city of the Sultanate of Buton was once occupied by the kings of Mecca, Arabs, and Turkish rulers who also controlled the city. The results of the study found that several relics can be found in this area, including three city forts built on a hilly landscape, namely (1) Fort Kotana Wolio, (2) Fort Kotana Sorawolio, and (3) Fort Kotana Baadia. In position, these three forts have a unique arrangement and character that forms a triangular pattern. The triangular pattern places the Kotana Wolio Fort - Buton Palace like the Imam and the Kotana Baadia Fort and the Kotana Sorawolio Fort as the Ma'mum, all of which face west as if they were praying facing the Kaaba. Thus, during the sultanate, the function of the city fort was for defense and interconnectivity between forts that became strategic and effective. Especially in the historical context of the old city, it will be difficult to understand because of its complexity. In this paper, with reference to the historical aspects and artifacts of the existing forts, the discussion is to identify the order (position and layout, distance between forts, and urban land area), orientation patterns, public infrastructure, and runways. philosophy. Data collection methods used include field surveys, tracing of original manuscripts, and interviews with traditional leaders. For aerial photos, satellite images downloaded from Google earth are used, and other supporting materials from the results of previous studies are also used. Next, the collected data were analyzed and synthesized. In fact, every city fort is a residential area and Wolio City is the center and area of the first fort built; Thus, this paper is expected to contribute to sustainable urban planning or become a mirror for the formation of new cities.
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van Zyl-Hermann, Danelle. „“Gij kent genoegt mijn gevoelig hart”. Emotional Life at the Occupied Cape of Good Hope, 1798-1803“. Itinerario 35, Nr. 2 (August 2011): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115311000295.
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With the eighteenth century drawing to a close, Anglo-French hostilities were rapidly escalating in Europe. Besides competing for power on the continent, both the British and the French were concerned with expanding their influence in the East, where the once mighty trading empire of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) had been in steady decline for some decades. By the end of 1794, conflicts on the continent were turning firmly in France's favour and in January 1795 French troops invaded the Netherlands, forcing the ruling Prince of Orange to seek refuge in England. Members of the Dutch Patriot movement—the democratically-minded opponents of the Dutch monarchy and the old order in general—were sympathetic towards French revolutionary ideals and welcomed the French presence in their country. Meanwhile, the occupation of the Netherlands was of great concern to the British government, who suspected that the French would waste no time in also taking control of strategically-located Dutch colonies.
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Slapac, Mariana. „The bastion fortress of Kilia and the French fortification school“. Arta 32, Nr. 1 (September 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/arta.2023.32-1.01.
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The bastion fortress of Kilia, now non-existent, was designed by the French engineer François Kauffer on October 8-9, 1794. The French specialist received the order to build this fortress in April, 1795 from Sultan Selim III, and the final of the construction took place in 1797. Thus, the old stone fortifications of Kilia were replaced by a rectangular bastion fortress with four corner bastions. The period between 1680 and the Great French Revolution was called the “classic century of military engineering”, when the capabilities of the bastion system were particularly appreciated. The French military architecture of that time massively influenced on the defensive system of several countries. The bastion fortress of Kilia was also designed according to the principles of the French fortification school. Comparing several parameters of the quadrilateral bastion model proposed by the French engineer Vauban with the project made by F. Kauffer, we will notice a certain influence of this model on the bastion fortress of Kilia. Only some proportions and the plan of a corner bastion is due to the configuration of the river line. The Danubian fort also contains other component elements, that belong to the Vauban’s first manner of fortification.
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Edalgo, Jennifer A., Holly M. McChesney, Jason P. Love und James T. Anderson. „Microhabitat use by white-footed mice Peromyscus leucopus in forested and old-field habitats occupied by Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii“. Current Zoology 55, Nr. 2 (01.04.2009): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.2.111.
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Abstract We quantified microhabitat use by white-footed mice Peromyscus leucopus in forest and old-field habitats occupied by Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii, an invasive exotic shrub imported from Japan. Microhabitat characteristics were compared between trails used by mice (n = 124) and randomly selected trails (n = 127) in 4 study plots located at Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Farmington, Pennsylvania, USA. We compared 10 microhabitat variables between used and random trails using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. Trails used by mice were statistically different from randomly selected trails in both forested plots (P < 0.008) and old-field plots (P < 0.001). In the forested plots, trails of white-footed mice were more often associated with a greater percent cover (% cover) of coarse woody debris (CWD) than were randomly selected trails. In the old-field plots, mouse trails were commonly characterized by having a lower % cover of exotic herbaceous vegetation, a greater % cover of shrubs, and a greater % cover of Morrow’s honeysuckle than randomly selected trails. Our study indicates that white-footed mice do not move randomly and prefer areas of high structural complexity, thereby showing significant microhabitat preference. The preference of white-footed mice for areas with a relatively high percent cover of Morrow’s honeysuckle could 1) be a factor in the aggressive nature of the exotic honeysuckle shrub’s spread throughout the Battlefield or 2) cause the shrub to spread even faster into adjacent areas not yet occupied by Morrow’s honeysuckle.
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Belkin, Ahuva. „Antichrist as the Embodiment of the Insipiens in Thirteenth-Century French Psalters“. Florilegium 10, Nr. 1 (Januar 1991): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.10.004.
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While illustrations for many Holy Books are created especially for the relevant texts, the iconography of the Psalms has mostly been borrowed. In early manuscripts the rich imagery of the visual scenes occupied large portions of the page, but this changed as artists became increasingly involved with historiated initials. These, marking the liturgical division, were decorated with sequences borrowed from the New and Old Testaments, with the literal illustrations being confined to the opening verses. In contrast to the diversity that had characterized earlier endeavours, the picture cycles became static from the thirteenth century onward, with each production centre and its zone of influence embracing repetitive themes.
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Pryadko, O. O. „KALENYKY HILL-FORT AT THE DOWNSTREAM OF SUPIY RIVER“. Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 44, Nr. 3 (23.06.2022): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.03.12.
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The paper is devoted to the results of exploratory archaeological research in 2015—2020 near the village of Kalenyky, Zolotonosha district, Cherkasy region. Kalenykivske hill-fort is one of the significant and poor studied fortified centers of Supiy basin. The history of its research is considered and the archaeological finds from the site are characterized in the paper. The state of preservation of the acropolis and the fortified outskirt is considered in detail. Deciphering the satellite images it was possible to identify and localize two lines of fortifications in the area, which was not possible before. The paper analyzes all artifacts known to date, which were discovered in previous years and introduced into scientific circulation. The provided archaeological materials and data indicate that in the Old Rus Age there was a significant fortified settlement in the southern part of the high Kalenyki-Tashan plateau,which had the status of the center of a microregion with urban features. The church bell of the 12th century made by French craftsmen and found next to the acropolis demonstrates the wide economic and cultural ties not only of the centers of principalities but also of remote fortified settlements. Nine body crosses, mostly from the 12th century, found nearby, allows us to suppose the presence of a church and a Christian population. Fortification features and the available materials of the Kalenyki hillfort make it possible to reliably connect this archaeological complex with the powerful center of the semi-nomadic federations of the Pereyaslav princes («our pagans»). According to the area, the Kalenyki hill-fort (23.1 ha) belongs to one of the significant sites not only of the Pereyaslav region but also of Southern Russia. It can claim the status of one of the Supiy centers.
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Hall, Richard. „“Storys, scalping and mohawking”“. Journal of Early American History 5, Nr. 2 (10.09.2015): 158–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00502002.
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This work examines an often underappreciated factor in the defeat of General Edward Braddock’s infamous expedition against Fort Duquesne of 1755. This, of course, was the influence of the frontier tales, narratives and other stories (or the ‘rhetoric of fear’) fed to the regular British soldiery by their provincial allies—and indeed the colonial civilian population—as they marched across Western Maryland and Virginia on the long and arduous route to the Monongahela. These frequently exaggerated rumors and tales, evoking what many British colonists considered the almost mystical martial prowess (at least in North America’s backcountry) and merciless brutality of American Indian warriors, large numbers of whom were allied to the French, severely undermined morale among Old World soldiers advancing through what was a foreboding and unfamiliar country. This paper establishes that such literature and stories were factors of far greater significance than is recognized in traditional accounts of the Braddock defeat.
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Louis-Sidney, Fabienne, Valentine Kahn, Benoit Suzon, Michel De Bandt, Christophe Deligny, Serge Arfi und Georges Jean-Baptiste. „Epidemiology and Characteristics of Spondyloarthritis in the Predominantly Afro-Descendant Population of Martinique, a French Caribbean Island“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 5 (27.02.2022): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051299.
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(1) Background: The prevalence of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) varies significantly in different regions and ethnic groups due several factors such as heterogeneity in study populations, the diversity of classification criteria used in epidemiological studies, the prevalence variability of HLA-B27 or disparity in healthcare access. To our knowledge, there is no data on SpA in Martinique, a French region in the Caribbean with a predominantly Afro-descendant population and a high level of healthcare. (2) Methods: This was a retrospective study of all SpA patients treated at the Fort de France University Hospital between 1 January 1997 and 1 January 2008. (3) Results: In our cohort of 86 SpA patients, age at diagnosis was late (41 years old), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was the most frequent sub-type (60.5%), inflammatory bowel disease was the most frequent extra articular feature (23.3%) and no one had personal familial history of the disease. Inflammatory syndrome concerned 55.6% of patients, no one was positive for HIV and HLA-B27 positivity was low (42.2%). However, HLA-B27 was statistically associated with AS. Out of 64 patients, 41 had sacroiliitis. (4) Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive descriptive study of SpA subtypes in Martinique, a French region in the Caribbean. We report clinical and biological similarities in our SpA cohort with those of sub-Saharan Africa and with SpA subtypes reported in Afro-descendant populations.
Bücher zum Thema "Occupied an old French fort"
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Association, Old Fort Niagara, Hrsg. Glorious old relic: The French Castle and Old Fort Niagara. Youngstown, N.Y: Old Fort Niagara Association, 1987.
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Higginbotham, Jay. Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702-1711. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1991.
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Blair, Emma Helen. The Indian tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and region of the Great Lakes: As described by Nicolas Perrot, French commandant in the Northwest; Bacqueville de la Potherie, French royal commissioner to Canada; Morrell Marston, American army officer; and Thomas Forsyth, United States agent at Fort Armstrong. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.
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Higginbotham, Jay. Old Mobile: Fort Louis de la Louisiane, 1702-1711. University of Alabama Press, 2016.
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Scadding, Henry, und The Copp Clark Company Limited. History of the Old French Fort at Toronto and Its Monument. Franklin Classics, 2018.
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Scadding, Henry, und The Copp Clark Company Limited. History of the Old French Fort at Toronto and Its Monument. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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Scadding, Henry. History of the Old French Fort at Toronto and Its Monument / by Henry Scadding. Legare Street Press, 2021.
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A sword of the old frontier: A tale of Fort Chartres and Detroit : being a plain account of sundry adventures befalling Chevalier Raoul de Coubert, one time Captain in the Hussars of Languedoc, during the year 1763. Toronto: W. Briggs, 1996.
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Battle at Ngok Tavak: A Bloody Defeat in South Vietnam 1968. Allen & Unwin, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Occupied an old French fort"
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Annas, George J. „Human Rights and Health“. In American Bioethics, 19–26. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169492.003.0002.
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Abstract The modern human rights movement was born from the devastation of World War II.Nonetheless, appeals to universal human rights are at least as old as human government. When Jean Anouilh produced Sophocles’s Antigone in Nazi-occupied Paris in early 1944, the French audience identified Antigone with the French resistance. Antigone was sentenced to be buried alive for defying King Creon’s order not to bury her dead brother (whom the King considered a traitor) but to leave his body to rot in public. The Nazis in the audience also applauded the performance, apparently because they identified with Creon and his difficulty in maintaining law and order in the face of seemingly fanatical resistance.
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Bonds, Mark Evan. „7. Politics“. In Ludwig van Beethoven: A Very Short Introduction, 61–68. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190051730.003.0008.
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‘Politics’ explains that Beethoven was born into a world of strict social hierarchies and as an artist occupied something of a middle ground between nobility and commoners. He was eighteen years old when the French Revolution broke out, and he witnessed changes that transformed not only the map of Europe but its mind as well. Small wonder, then, that his own political views so often seem contradictory. He at times admired Napoleon and at times despised him. He professed sympathy for commoners but did not want to be treated like one and never corrected those who mistook in the “van” in his name—a common surname prefix in the Low Countries—for “von,” an indicator of nobility in German-speaking lands.
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Walczynski, Mark. „Introduction“. In The History of Starved Rock, 1–6. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748240.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the history of Starved Rock in Illinois. The land that today comprises Starved Rock State Park and the adjacent countryside was nearly continuously occupied by Native Americans until the early nineteenth century. Although the Rock itself was not an occupied Native American site per se, like a semi-permanent village, it was a place where, for millennia, Native Americans camped, sojourned, and in a few instances had their earthly remains interred. West and north of Starved Rock, along the ancient river channels that once crisscrossed the Illinois Valley, aboriginal people hunted, fished, and farmed. Oblivious to the movement of Europeans from the Old World to the New, the Indians in the Starved Rock area established a village named Kaskaskia. European trade goods that made the chores of killing, cleaning, and cooking easier reached the Kaskaskia a decade or so before French missionaries and traders made their debut at Starved Rock. By the early nineteenth century, American frontier settlers would arrive and change the entire dynamic of the Starved Rock area. Their attitudes concerning the use of lands and waterways, and their exploitation of natural resources, embodied values that would have seemed utterly foreign to the Indians who proceeded them.
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„Introduction“. In Oxford Readers Nazism, herausgegeben von Neil Gregor, 59–62. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192892812.003.0015.
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Abstract Perhaps understandably, immediate post-war writings on the origins of Nazism took the form of either radical anti-German polemic which depicted Nazi aggression as the product of the German national character or of centuries-old traditions, or conservative apologetics arguing that Nazism had been a short-term aberration in an otherwise healthy national history hijacked by ‘demonic forces’. As might be expected, the former tended to appear in the victorious nations rather than in Germany. A. J. P. Taylor’s The Course of German History is a prime example—published in 1945, it spoke of ‘certain permanent factors’ which could be traced back a thousand years. Of the latter, there was no shortage of texts published in Germany insisting that Nazism had been a product of the ‘age of the masses’ or of ‘demagogic politics’ which, far from being peculiarly German, had entered European politics with the French Revolution; similarly, pointing to the fact that Hitler himself had been Austrian helped found the exculpatory myth that Germany had been the ‘first country occupied by Nazism’, as if the millions of people who had voted for and joined the Nazi party had been anything other than Germans.
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Lin, Jenny. „From the ruins of heaven on earth“. In Above Sea, 26–65. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526132604.003.0002.
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Chapter One examines pastiche in the shopping mall and cultural heritage site Xintiandi, before discussing the site’s buried modern art histories marred by cross-cultural conflicts. Xintiandi physically surrounds China’s first communist meeting site of 1921, today memorialized as a museum. The complex was designed with reference to the vernacular homes of its formerly foreign occupied French Concession setting, and is officially celebrated for its “East-meets-West” and “Old-meets-New” architecture, even while the construction demolished most of the site’s existing homes and dislocated thousands of working class residents. This chapter analyzes how Xintiandi’s seemingly benign East-meets-West façades mask collusions between the Chinese Communist Party’s autocratic state power and capitalist development, while romanticizing Shanghai’s modern cosmopolitan legacy. The chapter analyzes examples of Xintiandi’s repressed cultural histories, including the revolutionary art and design experiments of Pang Xunqin, founder of the 1930s avant-garde collective, The Storm Society, leftist writings and art promoted by Lu Xun, and the major Cultural Revolution Era debate sparked by Michelangelo Antonioni’s 1972 documentary, Chung Kuo Cina. The chapter argues that the official admonishment of Shanghai-based cultural projects by Pang and Antonioni speak to collisions between Shanghai’s semi-colonial past, Maoist socialism, and Cultural Revolution Era totalitarianism that still resonate in Shanghai today.
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Davis, Paul K. „Fort Niagara“. In Besieged, 160–62. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195219302.003.0049.
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Abstract When both England and France began colonizing the eastern part of North America in the seventeenth century, it was inevitable that their centuries-old European rivalry would manifest itself in the western hemisphere as well. The French in Canada and the English along the east coast of North America remained isolated from each other for about a century, but in the early 1750s the English colonists pushing west confronted French forces moving south into the area just below the Great Lakes Ontario and Erie. At the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers English colonists from Virginia began claiming land by constructing a fort. Before it was completed it was captured and strengthened by French and Indian forces who named it Fort Duquesne. A Virginia militia attempt to retake the fort in 1754 (led by George Washington in his first command) failed in its mission. After some 150 years of salutary neglect, the London government committed troops to the colonies in an attempt to beat back the French incursion. Major General Edward Braddock’s they had been abandoned by their Indian allies and numbered but 600 soldiers, marines, and Canadian militia. They rushed the English position but were blasted by seven volleys of English fire, then harried on their retreat by the hidden Iroquois.
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Zanders, Jean Pascal. „The destruction of old chemical munitions in Belgium“. In The Challenge of Old Chemical Munitions and Toxic Armament Wastes, 197–230. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198291909.003.0015.
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Abstract During World War I the northernmost part of the front line cut through the Belgian province of West Vlaanderen, running roughly from the coastal town of Nieuwpoort on the Yzer estuary over Diksmuide and Ypres to the French border. I Both ends of the front line were alternately occupied by British and French troops, with Belgian forces holding the centre.
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Bense, Judith A. „Return to Pensacola Bay“. In Presidios of Spanish West Florida, 18–119. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402558.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 describes the Spanish “rediscovery” of West Florida while searching for an intrusive French fort on the Texas coast in 1684 and a new presidio in 1698 on Pensacola Bay to the protect the northern Gulf coast. The presidio fort, San Carlos de Austria, is described in detail along with its wall construction, walls, public buildings, churches, cemetery, and barracks. The economy of the presidio is explained as well the mixed-race population sent from central New Spain. The bulk of the chapter focuses on the historical archaeology of Santa María: its discovery, maps, documents, and archaeological remains and a shipwreck, that supplied the presidio. This installation was violently attacked by British-led Creek Indian armies through most of its 21-year existence. A surprise attack by the French in 1719, captured and destroyed Santa María and the French occupied Pensacola Bay for three years.
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Craiutu, Aurelian. „Moderation and the “Intertwining of Powers”“. In A Virtue for Courageous Minds. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691146768.003.0005.
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This chapter examines political moderation in the writings of Jacques Necker, with particular emphasis on his views on constitutionalism. Necker occupies a special place in the history of political moderation. He defended the principles of constitutional monarchy successively against the king, the nobility, and the representatives of the people. Necker's works, composed at different stages of the French Revolution, articulated a political agenda revolving around the idea of moderation in opposition to arbitrary power and violence. The chapter first provides an overview of Necker's ideas before discussing his theoretical statements on reforming the Old Regime. It then explains Necker's trimming agenda and the consequences of immoderation before turning to the French constitution of 1791 and Necker's critique of the constitutions of 1795 and 1799. It also explores Necker's arguments regarding complex sovereignty, equality, and separation of powers.
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Nelson, Scott Reynolds, und Carol Sheriff. „We Need Men Union Struggles over Manpower and Emancipation, 1863–1865“. In A People at War, 187–213. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195146547.003.0009.
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Abstract Tally Simpson and Caleb Blanchard, both enlisted men, observed the war from very different vantage points. Simpson, the son of a prominent slaveowning family, had left college immediately after Fort Sumter to join the Third South Carolina Volunteers. Blanchard, a twenty-nine-year-old married carpenter from Connecticut, waited more than a year before mustering into the Union army. In the winter of 1863, the two men encamped at opposite ends of the Confederacy. Simpson’s Confederate regiment was biding its time near Fredericksburg, Virginia, while Blanchard and his comrades occupied New Orleans. Yet as far apart as these men stood from one another—figuratively and literally—they agreed on one fundamental point: The Confederacy’s greatest hope for victory rested in the Union’s internal discord.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Occupied an old French fort"
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Fellahi, Nadjla. „The Impact of Globalization on Architectural Production in Algeria Regarding Post-colonial Identity“. In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.002.
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Algeria imported Western culture through early globalization, which continued with the global integration of the French colonial period and proceeded its impact in the postcolonial era. This paper seeks to analyse the impact of globalization in Algeria in the postcolonial era starting from the remaining colonial impact, as well as how it functioned as an introduction to modern globalization aspects in the postcolonial Algerian identity in the decades before to present. The impact of thousands of colonial houses occupied by Algerians shortly after independence that created old/new dwellings, as well as the rise of individualism as a result of the change in housing notion. The reaction of nationalist Algerian architects as well as the consequences of academics and architects studying abroad in parallel with the availability of internet, architectural media, and commodities, and the rise of consumer culture, that led the change in Algerians' housing preferences. Foreign investments and globalization trends: Are all the aspects that have been discussed to understand the impact of globalization on the post-colonial Algerian identity regarding architectural production. The results show that the Algerian post-colonial architectural production has been remarkably affected by both earlier globalization and modern globalization. Local authorities of Algeria can focus on making young architects familiar with traditional culture in order to maintain the authenticity of their culture in architectural design in the upcoming future.
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Mamaloukos, Stavros. „The Fortifications of Chalcis (Evripos/Negreponte/Egriboz), Greece“. In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11331.
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The aim of this paper is the study of the now destroyed fortifications of the Greek city of Chalcis (Evripos / Negreponte / Egriboz). Having been an important urban centre during the Early and Middle Byzantine Period, Chalcis was occupied by the Latins after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and became a significant trade centre of Venice. By the end of the fourteenth century, the city became a Venetian holding. In 1470 the Ottomans captured the city after a brief siege. In 1688 the city was unsuccessfully besieged by the Venetians. And in 1833 it was annexed by the Greek State. In the end of the nineteenth century the fortifications of Chalcis were almost completely demolished during an attempt to reorganize and modernize the city. The fortified medieval city of Chalcis, the Kastro, had the shape of a long, irregular pentagon with maximum dimensions 400 x 700 m. It was surrounded on three sides, namely the north, west and south, by sea. Along its two other sides, the northeast and the southeast, there was a dry moat. Its fortifications had three gates, one on Euripus bridge and two on the land wall, through which the city was connected with Boeotia and Euboea, respectively. From the study of the fortifications, based on their depictions in old engravings and photographs as well as on some poor and still visible remnants, it appears that until their demolition the city walls retained to a large extent their late medieval form, although they had undergone significant interventions by the Ottomans, mainly on the eve, and just after the siege of 1688. The only surviving part of the city’s defences, the fort of Karababa, built on the steep hill of the Boeotian coast, can be dated to this period.