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1
Fishman, G. J. „GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: A PERSONAL VIEW“. Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 53 (01.09.2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2021.53.21.
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The first observations in gamma-ray astronomy were made in the late 1960's, primarily by balloon-borne observations. In the early 1970's, gamma-ray bursts were discovered, completely by accident, by satellites looking for man-made nuclear explosions in space. The celestial nature of these events were soon confirmed by other satellites. The first large detector system designed for cosmic gamma-ray bursts observations was the BATSE instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Some of the details of the instrumentation onboard ballons and satellites and the gamma-ray bursts observational properties they determined are presented.
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Carli, P., A. Naïtlho, S. Marlier, S. Crémades, J. F. Paris und C. Landais. „≪ Lâcher de ballons ≫ réversible et maladie de Horton : deux observations“. La Revue de Médecine Interne 22 (Dezember 2001): 527s—528s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(01)80223-x.
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NISHIMURA, Jun. „Plastic Balloons for Space Observations.“ Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 41, Nr. 469 (1993): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.41.57.
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Kotlarz, Jan, und Natalia Zalewska. „The Possibility of Ultraviolet Enceladus’ Observations from Stratospheric Balloons“. Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0002.
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Abstract Stratospheric balloons are very important sources for space and terrestrial observation experiments in many disciplines. Instruments developed for astrophysical measurements are usually reusable. It is also possible to observe both hemispheres including observations from the polar and equatorial regions for thirty days or even longer. On the other hand the UV atmospheric transmittance window was used for the astrophysical observations less often than visible optical bands. At the end of the 2017 there are a few scientific groups working on near-UV or UV spectrographs and cameras for balloon flights. In this paper we are discussing the possibility of ultraviolet measurement of Enceladus, an icy Saturnian moon, surface reflectance between 200 and 400 nm from the 20-50 km altitudes. At visible and near infrared optical channels Enceladus’ reflectance is very high (near 1.0). This value is consistent with a surface composed of water ice, however at some ultraviolet wavelengths Enceladus reflectance is lower than it would be expected for this type of surface. The scientific research done in the last decade was focused on H2O, NH3, and tholin particles detection on the Enceladus’ surface as a reason of low UV reflectance phenomenon. Continuous observation of Enceladus’ UV reflectance variability from stratospheric balloons may be interesting and may give us the proof of the presence of biomarkers or/and tholin particles.
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Hole, Lars R., Alexis Pérez Bello, Tjarda J. Roberts, Paul B. Voss und Timo Vihma. „Measurements by controlled meteorological balloons in coastal areas of Antarctica“. Antarctic Science 28, Nr. 5 (06.06.2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102016000213.
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AbstractAn experiment applying controlled meteorological (CMET) balloons near the coast of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, in January 2013 is described. Two balloons were airborne for 60 and 106 hours with trajectory lengths of 885.8 km and 2367.4 km, respectively. The balloons carried out multiple controlled soundings on the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity up to 3.3 km. Wind speed and direction were derived from the balloon drift. Observations were compared with radiosonde sounding profiles from the Halley Research Station, and applied in evaluating simulations carried out with the weather research and forecasting (WRF) mesoscale atmospheric model. The most interesting feature detected by the CMET balloons was a mesoscale anticyclone over the Weddell Sea and the coastal zone, which was reproduced by the WRF model with reduced intensity. The modelled wind speed was up to 10 m s-1 slower and the relative humidity was 20–40% higher than the observed values. However, over the study period the WRF results generally agreed with the observations. The results suggest that CMET balloons could be an interesting supplement to Antarctic atmospheric observations, particularly in the free troposphere.
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Komatsu, Kensuke K., und Yoshihiro Tachibana. „Two Types of Strong Local Wind Captured by Simultaneous Multiple-Site Radiosonde Soundings across a Mountain Range“. Monthly Weather Review 144, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2016): 3915–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0347.1.
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A radiosonde observation method is presented, consisting of simultaneous radiosonde observations at closely spaced multiple sites using balloons with varied buoyancies. This method was employed during a strong wind event (Suzuka-oroshi) on the lee side of the Suzuka mountain range, Japan, to derive the detailed structure of the wind as it crossed the mountains. Batches of six radiosondes were launched simultaneously from a line of four sites, using balloons with three different degrees of buoyancy. The four sites were 13 km apart along a 35-km-long transect roughly aligned with the prevailing wind. The observations documented two flow regimes: a downslope flow perpendicular to the mountain range, similar to a windstorm, and an unexpectedly strong low-level jet flowing parallel to the mountain range. The method was more successful at delineating the first regime than the second. The first regime was well simulated by a numerical experiment, but the second regime was not. The vertical wind associated with the downslope windstorm was inferred from the changing slopes of potential temperature isentropes. Comparison of the balloon ascent rates with these isentropes meanders and the simulated vertical wind showed that fluctuations in balloon ascent rate provide reliable information on the vertical direction of the wind. An analysis of the second regime using a long-term meteorological dataset shows that the onset of the low-level jet is related to the synoptic-scale shift in vorticity from positive to negative in the observation area. This vorticity shift appears to be a useful indicator for the low-level jet regime.
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Ferrière, Ludovic, Christian Koeberl, Wolf Reimold und Uwe. „Characterisation of ballen quartz and cristobalite in impact breccias: new observations and constraints on ballen formation“. European Journal of Mineralogy 21, Nr. 1 (06.02.2009): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1898.
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Doerenbecher, A., C. Basdevant, P. Drobinski, P. Durand, C. Fesquet, F. Bernard, P. Cocquerez, N. Verdier und A. Vargas. „Low-Atmosphere Drifting Balloons: Platforms for Environment Monitoring and Forecast Improvement“. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97, Nr. 9 (01.09.2016): 1583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-14-00182.1.
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Abstract Balloons are one of the key observing platforms for the atmosphere. Radiosounding is the most commonly used technique and provides over a thousand vertical profiles worldwide every day. These data represent an essential cornerstone of data assimilation for numerical weather prediction systems. Although less common (but equally interesting for the in situ investigation of the atmosphere), drifting boundary layer pressurized balloons (BLPBs) offer rare observational skills. These balloons collect meteorological and/or chemical measurements at isopycnal height as they drift in a quasi-Lagrangian way. The BLPB system presented in this paper was developed by the French Space Agency [Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES)] and has been used in field experiments focusing on precipitation in Africa [African Monsoon Multiscale Analysis (AMMA)] and the Mediterranean [Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX)] as well as on air pollution in India [Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)] and the Mediterranean [Transport a Longue Distance et Qualite de l’Air dans le bassin Méditerraneen (TRAQA) and Chemistry–Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMeX)]. One important advantage of BLPBs is their capability to explore the lowest layers of the atmosphere above the oceans, areas that remain difficult to access. BLPB had a leading role in a complex adaptive observation system for the forecast of severe precipitation events. These balloons collected data in the marine environment of convective systems, which were assimilated in real time to improve the knowledge of the state of the atmosphere in the numerical prediction models of Météo-France.
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Markowski, Paul M., Yvette P. Richardson, Scott J. Richardson und Anders Petersson. „Aboveground Thermodynamic Observations in Convective Storms from Balloonborne Probes Acting as Pseudo-Lagrangian Drifters“. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99, Nr. 4 (April 2018): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0204.1.
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AbstractThe severe storms research community lacks reliable, aboveground, thermodynamic observations (e.g., temperature, humidity, and pressure) in convective storms. These missing observations are crucial to understanding the behavior of both supercell storms (e.g., the generation, reorientation, and amplification of vorticity necessary for tornado formation) and larger-scale (mesoscale) convective systems (e.g., storm maintenance and the generation of damaging straight-line winds). This paper describes a novel way to use balloonborne probes to obtain aboveground thermodynamic observations. Each probe is carried by a pair of balloons until one of the balloons is jettisoned; the remaining balloon and probe act as a pseudo-Lagrangian drifter that is drawn through the storm. Preliminary data are presented from a pair of deployments in supercell storms in Oklahoma and Kansas during May 2017. The versatility of the observing system extends beyond severe storms applications into any area of mesoscale meteorology in which a large array of aboveground, in situ thermodynamic observations are needed.
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MANI, ANNA, K. R. SIVARAMAN und S. P. VENKITESHWARAN. „Evidence of turbulence in the stratosphere“. MAUSAM 10, Nr. 2 (27.11.2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v10i2.4047.
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Arnold (1954) has observed considerable turbulence in the stratosphere on four different occasions at Belmar, New Jersey, while tracking balloons with a telescope and a radio direction finder. The turbulence was so severe that the radiosonde separated from the balloon, though it was suspended with a cord with a nominal breaking strength of about 70 lbs. During three observations in June 1950, the instrument separated from the balloon at heights ranging from 28 to 32 km, while in the observation in October it separated at 24 km. He has estimated that a descending current of about 11 m. sec-1 could provide the necessary conditions for a free fall of the sonde of about 10 ft which could break the line.
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Yamagami, T., S. Ohta, M. Namiki, Y. Matsuzaka und J. Nishimura. „Plastic balloons with thin polyethylene films for high altitude observations“. Advances in Space Research 21, Nr. 7 (Januar 1998): 983–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)01083-1.
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Hertzog, Albert, Philippe Cocquerez, René Guilbon, Jean-Noël Valdivia, Stéphanie Venel, Claude Basdevant, Gillian Boccara et al. „Stratéole/Vorcore—Long-duration, Superpressure Balloons to Study the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere during the 2005 Winter“. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, Nr. 12 (01.12.2007): 2048–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jtecha948.1.
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Abstract In September and October 2005, the Stratéole/Vorcore campaign flew 27 superpressure balloons from McMurdo, Antarctica, into the stratospheric polar vortex. Long-duration flights were successfully achieved, 16 of those flights lasting for more than 2 months. Most flights were terminated because they flew out of the authorized flight domain or because of energy shortage in the gondola. The atmospheric pressure (1-Pa precision) was measured every minute during the flights, whereas air temperature observations (0.25-K accuracy) and balloon positions (absolute GPS observations, 10-m accuracy) were obtained every 15 min. Fifteen-minute-averaged horizontal velocities of the wind were deduced from the successive balloon positions with a corresponding accuracy ≲0.1 m s−1. The collected dataset (more than 150 000 independent observations) provides a thorough high-resolution sampling of the polar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere from its wintertime state up to the establishment of the summer circulation in December–January. Most of the balloons stayed inside the vortex until its final breakdown, although a few were ejected toward the midlatitudes in November during filamention events associated with an increase in planetary wave activity. The balloons behaved as quasi-Lagrangian tracers during the first part of the campaign (quiescent vortex) and after the vortex breakdown in early December. Large-amplitude mountain gravity waves were detected over the Antarctic Peninsula and caused one flight termination associated with the sudden burst in the balloon superpressure.
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Pommereau, J. P., A. Garnier, G. Held, A. M. Gomes, F. Goutail, G. Durry, F. Borchi et al. „An overview of the HIBISCUS campaign“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, Nr. 5 (15.03.2011): 2309–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2309-2011.
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Abstract. The EU HIBISCUS project consisted of a series of field campaigns during the intense convective summers in 2001, 2003 and 2004 in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Its objective was to investigate the impact of deep convection on the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and the lower stratosphere by providing a new set of observational data on meteorology, tracers of horizontal and vertical transport, water vapour, clouds, and chemistry in the tropical Upper Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS). This was achieved using short duration research balloons to study local phenomena associated with convection over land, and long-duration balloons circumnavigating the globe to study the contrast between land and oceans. Analyses of observations of short-lived tracers, ozone and ice particles show strong episodic local updraughts of cold air across the lapse rate tropopause up to 18 or 19 km (420–440 K) in the lower stratosphere by overshooting towers. The long duration balloon and satellite measurements reveal a contrast between the composition of the lower stratosphere over land and oceanic areas, suggesting significant global impact of such events. The overshoots are shown to be well captured by non-hydrostatic meso-scale Cloud Resolving Models indicating vertical velocities of 50–60 m s−1 at the top of the Neutral Buoyancy Level (NBL) at around 14 km, but, in contrast, are poorly represented by global Chemistry-Transport Models (CTM) forced by Numerical Weather Forecast Models (NWP) underestimating the overshooting process. Finally, the data collected by the HIBISCUS balloons have allowed a thorough evaluation of temperature NWP analyses and reanalyses, as well as satellite ozone, nitrogen oxide, water vapour and bromine oxide measurements in the tropics.
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Vikaliana, Resista, und I. Nyoman Purnaya. „Optimalisasi Distribusi Surat Suara Pemilu pada Pemilihan Umum Serentak 2019“. Transparansi : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi 2, Nr. 2 (29.12.2019): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/transparansi.v2i2.554.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the process of ballot distribution and propose a model of the optimal ballot distribution process. This research is useful in providing input on the distribution of ballot papers for the first time this election is held simultaneously. The input is expected to increase effectiveness in the distribution or distribution of ballots so that they can produce good ballots when needed by the parties concerned. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with key informants, observation and documentation studies. The distribution model on the 2019 Simultaneous Election ballots is to be implemented in stages. For overseas distribution, in order to reduce distribution costs, enable digital signatures, and eVote, because the internet infrastructure is more adequate.
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Maruca, Bennett A., Raffaele Marino, David Sundkvist, Niharika H. Godbole, Stephane Constantin, Vincenzo Carbone und Herb Zimmerman. „Overview of and first observations from the TILDAE High-Altitude Balloon Mission“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, Nr. 4 (26.04.2017): 1595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-1595-2017.
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Abstract. Though the presence of intermittent turbulence in the stratosphere has been well established, much remains unknown about it. In situ observations of this phenomenon, which have provided the greatest details of it, have mostly been achieved via sounding balloons (i.e., small balloons which burst at peak altitude) carrying constant-temperature hot-wire anemometers (CTAs). The Turbulence and Intermittency Long-Duration Atmospheric Experiment (TILDAE) was developed to test a new paradigm for stratospheric observations. Rather than flying on a sounding balloon, TILDAE was incorporated as an add-on experiment to the payload of a NASA long-duration balloon mission that launched in January 2016 from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Furthermore, TILDAE's key instrument was a sonic anemometer, which (relative to a CTA) provides better-calibrated measurements of wind velocity and a more robust separation of velocity components. During the balloon's ascent, TILDAE's sonic anemometer provided atmospheric measurements up to an altitude of about 18 km, beyond which the ambient air pressure was too low for the instrument to function properly. Efforts are currently underway to scientifically analyze these observations of small-scale fluctuations in the troposphere, tropopause, and stratosphere and to develop strategies for increasing the maximum operating altitude of the sonic anemometer.
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Smoot, G. F. „Cosmology with the CMB“. International Journal of Modern Physics D 06, Nr. 04 (August 1997): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271897000224.
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The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation provides a means to test the standard model of cosmology and determine its parameters with precision. Cosmology has made a great step forward with the observations and discoveries of the COBE satellite. These were followed with a series of observations and progress via ballon-borne and ground-based instrumentation. Now NASA and ESA have selected and approved new space missions: MAP and COBRAS/SAMBA (now named Planck) which may nearly reach the full potential of CMB observations.
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Gazeaux, J., C. Clerbaux, M. George, J. Hadji-Lazaro, J. Kuttippurath, P. F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans et al. „Intercomparison of polar ozone profiles by IASI/MetOp sounder with 2010 Concordiasi ozonesonde observations“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, Nr. 5 (29.10.2012): 7923–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-7923-2012.
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Abstract. Validation of ozone profiles measured from a nadir looking satellite instrument over Antarctica is a challenging task due to differences in their height sensitivity with ozonesonde measurements. In this paper we compare the ozone observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument onboard the polar-orbiting satellite MetOp with ozone profiles collected between August and October 2010 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during the Concordiasi campaign. This campaign was aimed at satellite data validation and up to 20 zero-pressure sounding balloons carrying ozonesondes were launched during this period when the MetOp satellite was passing above McMurdo. This makes the dataset relevant for comparison, especially because those balloons covered the entire altitude range of IASI profiles. The validation methodology and the collocation criteria differ according to the availability of Global Positioning System auxiliary data with each Electro-Chemical Cell ozonesonde observation. We show that the relative mean difference depends on the altitude range investigated. The analysis shows a good agreement in the troposphere (below 10 km) and middle stratosphere (25–40 km), where the differences are lower than 10%. However a significant positive bias of about 10–26% is estimated in the lower stratosphere at 10–25 km, depending on altitude. The positive bias in the 10–25 km range is consistent with previously reported studies comparing in-situ data with thermal infrared satellite measurements. This study allows a better characterization of the IASI products over the polar region when ozone depletion/recovery is occurring.
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Agrawal, P. C. „Space Astronomy in India“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 9, Nr. 2 (1991): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000023936.
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AbstractAstronomical observations from space-borne instruments are carried out in India in the areas of infrared, X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. This paper briefly describes the facilities available in India for conducting experiments in space astronomy using balloons, rockets and satellites. It briefly reviews the important results obtained by Indian astronomers from observations made in India with the balloon, rocket and satellite experiments. The present status of research in different disciplines of space astronomy is discussed.
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Nash, J. „Upper wind observing systems used for meteorological operations“. Annales Geophysicae 12, Nr. 8 (31.07.1994): 691–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0691-2.
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Abstract. Methods of upper wind measurements used in operational meteorology have been reviewed to provide guidance to those developing wind profiler radar systems. The main limitations of the various methods of tracking weather balloons are identified using results from the WMO radiosonde comparisons and additional tests in the United Kingdom. Costs associated with operational balloon measurements are reviewed. The sampling and quality of operational aircraft wind observations are illustrated with examples from the ASDAR system. Measurement errors in horizontal winds are quantified wherever possible. When tracking equipment is functioning correctly, random errors in southerly and westerly wind component measurements from aircraft and weather balloons are usually in the range 0.5-2 m s-1.
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Rand, Peter, und Anna Winestein. „Reflecting on the Spirit of Sergei Diaghilev“. Experiment 17, Nr. 1 (2011): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221173011x611806.
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Abstract The present article is a colloquy between the directors of Ballets Russes 2009, a festival held in Boston in 2009 to celebrate the centenary of Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. The authors reflect on the experience of organizing the festival, including the conference at Boston University that forms the basis of this volume. The article features the insights their work gave them into Diaghilev's own experience in running the Ballets Russes, as well as observations about Diaghilev as a manager and cultural entrepreneur.
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Varentsov, Mikhail, Victor Stepanenko, Irina Repina, Arseniy Artamonov, Vasiliy Bogomolov, Natalia Kuksova, Ekaterina Marchuk, Artem Pashkin und Alexander Varentsov. „Balloons and Quadcopters: Intercomparison of Two Low-Cost Wind Profiling Methods“. Atmosphere 12, Nr. 3 (14.03.2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12030380.
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Experimental field campaigns are an essential part of atmospheric research, as well as of university education in the field of atmospheric physics and meteorology. Experimental field observations are needed to improve the understanding of the surface-atmosphere interaction and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) physics and develop corresponding model parameterizations. Information on the ABL wind profiles is essential for the interpretation of other observations. However, wind profile measurements above the surface layer remain challenging and expensive, especially for the field campaigns performed in remote places and harsh conditions. In this study, we consider the experience of using two low-cost methods for the wind profiling, which may be easily applied in the field studies with modest demands on logistical opportunities, available infrastructure, and budget. The first one is a classical and well-known method of pilot balloon sounding, i.e., when balloon is treated as a Lagrangian particle and tracked by theodolite observations of angular coordinates. Second one is based on a vertical sounding with a popular and relatively cheap mass-market quadcopter DJI Phantom 4 Pro and utilizes its built-in opportunity to restore the wind vector from quadcopter tilt angles. Both methods demonstrated reasonable agreement and applicability even in harsh weather conditions and complex terrain. Advantages and shortcomings of these methods, as well as practical recommendations for their use are discussed. For the drone-based wind estimation, the importance of calibration by comparison to high-quality wind observations is shown.
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Hertzog, Albert, Claude Basdevant und François Vial. „An Assessment of ECMWF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalyses in the Southern Hemisphere at the End of the Presatellite Era: Results from the EOLE Experiment (1971–72)“. Monthly Weather Review 134, Nr. 11 (01.11.2006): 3367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3256.1.
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Abstract This article estimates the biases and standard deviations of the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and the 50-yr National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) Reanalysis (NN50) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in 1971–72. These estimates are obtained by comparing the reanalyzed temperatures and winds with EOLE observations, a dataset collected during 480 superpressure-ballon flights in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Dedicated algorithms have been developped to control the quality of this dataset and a stringent selection has been performed on the observations. None of the atmospheric centers has assimilated the EOLE dataset, which is therefore fully independent from the reanalyses. It is furthermore argued that the statistics obtained in this study at the end of the presatellite era may be representative of the reanalysis accuracy since 1957. The results of these comparisons indicate that NN50 tends to be a few degrees colder than the observations in the SH subpolar latitudes, while ERA-40 is less hit by this cold-pole issue. Both reanalyses, on the other hand, are found to be warmer than the observations by about 1 K in the subtropics. In contrast, the wind comparisons only exhibit nonsignificant or small reanalysis biases, even though the reanalyzed subtropical jet is slightly displaced equatorward with respect to the observations. The ability of reanalyses to capture the atmospheric synoptic-scale variability in the upper troposphere is assessed by computing the standard deviations of the reanalysis minus observation differences. The ERA-40 and NN50 standard deviations show a maximum (i.e., a poorer reanalysis accuracy) in the SH storm track. However, ERA-40 standard deviations are found to be much larger than NN50 standard deviations. The standard deviations also exhibit a marked decrease above the continents, stressing the heterogeneity of the atmospheric observation network during the presatellite era. Finally, in contrast with previous studies, the reanalysis accuracy does not appear to be better during summer than during winter.
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Vialettes, Pierre, Lina Zhou, Bing Pan und Zhuo Zhuang. „Experimental and Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of Stratospheric Balloons Materials“. Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (März 2008): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.597.
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The school of aerospace of Tsinghua University has started a project to develop new kind of stratospheric balloons for earth observation. These balloons will be designed to stand in the same position during a few days at 20 kilometers of altitude. To reach this goal, the first step is to select adapted materials for the balloon envelope. The materials for stratospheric balloons application should have specific properties adapted to the environment such as mechanical, thermo-optical, and permeability properties. Thus, we have asked a material manufacture company to develop and manufacture a material adapted to our application. In this paper, we will present the first results concerning the mechanical properties of the material. Experimental facilities have been developed to test the mechanical behavior of the materials at room and low temperature. The future development of the project will be to identify behavior law adapted to our material that fits with the experimental results.
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Mironova, Irina, Galina Bazilevskaya, Vladimir Makhmutov, Andrey Mironov und Nikita Bobrov. „Energetic Electron Precipitation via Satellite and Balloon Observations: Their Role in Atmospheric Ionization“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 13 (27.06.2023): 3291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133291.
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Information about the energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the radiation belt into the atmosphere is important for assessing the ozone variability and dynamics of the middle atmosphere during magnetospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. The accurate values of energetic electron fluxes depending on their energy range are one of the most important problems for calculating atmospheric ionization rates, which, in turn, are taken into account for estimating ozone depletion in chemistry–climate models. Despite the importance of these processes for the high latitudes of middle atmosphere, precipitation of energetic electrons is still insufficiently studied. In order to better understand EEP and related processes in the atmosphere, it is important to have many realistic observations of EEP in order to correctly characterize their spectra. Invading the atmosphere, precipitating energetic electrons, in the range from tens of keV to relativistic energies of more than 1 MeV, generate bremsstrahlung, which penetrates into the stratosphere and is recorded by detectors on balloons. However, these observations can be made only when the balloon is at stratospheric heights. Near-Earth satellites, such as the polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites (POES), are constantly registering precipitating electrons in the loss cone, but are moving too fast in space. Based on a comparison of the results of EEP measurements on balloons and onboard POES satellites in 2003, we propose a criterion that makes it possible to constantly monitor EEP ionization at stratospheric heights using observations on POES satellites.
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DEWI, NI MADE NIA BUNGA SURYA. „STUDI PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TINDAKAN MAYARAKAT TERHADAP SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DI PANTAI BALLONA KECAMATAN TALIWANG KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT“. GANEC SWARA 15, Nr. 1 (06.03.2021): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v15i1.199.
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Sanitation is a control over all factors of the human physical environment which can / can have adverse effects on human life, both physically and mentally. Environmental cleanliness is closely related to the health of the surrounding community, various problems are often caused by a lack of information received by the community. The results of research using this descriptive method are to describe the knowledge, attitudes and actions of the community on the coast of Ballona beach Taliwang District, West Sumbawa Regency regarding environmental sanitation, which was carried out in September - October 2020 in Taliwang District for 97 respondents and data collection methods. which is used is the use of methods of observation (observation) and interviews (questionnaire and SPSS as a research instrument. People who live on the coast of Ballona beach Taliwang district which have good knowledge about sanitation are 39 respondents (40.2%), which has sufficient knowledge of 51 respondents (52.6%) and 7 respondents (7,2%) who have poor knowledge of sanitation. Meanwhile, the coastal communities of Ballona beach Taliwang District who had positive attitudes towards sanitation were 46 people (47.4%) and negative respondents were 51 (52.6%) people and 0 respondents who had good actions regarding environmental sanitation. There were 34 respondents (35.1%) who had sufficient action in the coastal area of the coast of Taliwang District and 63 respondents (64.9%) had unfavorable actions.
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Gazeaux, J., C. Clerbaux, M. George, J. Hadji-Lazaro, J. Kuttippurath, P. F. Coheur, D. Hurtmans et al. „Intercomparison of polar ozone profiles by IASI/MetOp sounder with 2010 Concordiasi ozonesonde observations“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, Nr. 3 (08.03.2013): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-613-2013.
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Abstract. Validation of ozone profiles measured from a nadir looking satellite instrument over Antarctica is a challenging task due to differences in their vertical sensitivity with ozonesonde measurements. In this paper, ozone observations provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument onboard the polar-orbiting satellite MetOp are compared with ozone profiles collected between August and October 2010 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, during the Concordiasi measurement campaign. The main objective of the campaign was the satellite data validation. With this aim 20 zero-pressure sounding balloons carrying ozonesondes were launched during this period when the MetOp satellite was passing above McMurdo. This makes the dataset relevant for comparison, especially because the balloons covered the entire altitude range of IASI profiles. The validation methodology and the collocation criteria vary according to the availability of global positioning system auxiliary data with each electro-chemical cell ozonesonde observation. The relative mean difference is shown to depend on the vertical range investigated. The analysis shows a good agreement in the troposphere (below 10 km) and middle stratosphere (25–40 km), where the differences are lower than 10%. However a significant positive bias of about 10–26% is estimated in the lower stratosphere at 10–25 km, depending on altitude. The positive bias in the 10–25 km range is consistent with previously reported studies comparing in situ data with thermal infrared satellite measurements. This study allows for a better characterization of IASI-retrieved ozone over the polar region during ozone depletion/recovery processes.
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Nordh, H. L., und G. Olofsson. „A liquid helium cooled Fabry-Perot spectrometer for ballon-borne astronomical observations“. Infrared Physics 30, Nr. 2 (Januar 1990): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0891(90)90030-y.
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Cortiglioni, S., G. Giovannini, N. Mandolesi, G. Morigi, G. Ventura, R. B. Partridge und S. Boughn. „A ballon-borne experiment for observations of the near-infrared cosmological background“. Il Nuovo Cimento C 13, Nr. 2 (März 1990): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507092.
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Sood, R. K. „Gamma-Ray Astronomy From Balloons and Satellites (Invited Paper)“. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 7, Nr. 2 (1987): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000022141.
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AbstractGamma-ray astronomy has traditionally been a difficult field of research due to the low fluxes from astronomical objects and the inherently poor angular response of detectors. Progress made in the field in the last twenty years is reviewed. Many major astrophysical problems can only be addressed with the future operation of more sensitive satellite experiments. Recent gamma-ray observations of the supernova SN1987 a are briefly discussed.
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Macatangay, Ronald, und Somsawat Rattanasoon. „Astronomical seeing forecast for the Thai National Observatory“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2145, Nr. 1 (01.12.2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2145/1/012015.
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Abstract Forecasting the astronomical seeing above an observatory can assist astronomers plan their observations. In this study, the astronomical seeing above the Thai National Observatory (TNO) in Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai, Thailand was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The model outputs were then compared to Polaris seeing observations and using the Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). Results showed that the forecasts capture the variation of the astronomical seeing fairly well. However, bias correction is needed on the simulations due to lack of data from meteorological balloons to constrain the model.
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Gelinas, L. J., R. L. Walterscheid, C. R. Mechoso und G. Schubert. „Observations of an Inertial Peak in the Intrinsic Wind Spectrum Shifted by Rotation in the Antarctic Vortex“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, Nr. 12 (01.12.2012): 3800–3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0305.1.
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Abstract Spectral analyses of time series of zonal winds derived from locations of balloons drifting in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex during the Vorcore campaign of the Stratéole program reveal a peak with a frequency near 0.10 h−1, more than 25% higher than the inertial frequency at locations along the trajectories. Using balloon data and values of relative vorticity evaluated from the Modern Era Retrospective-Analyses for Research and Applications (MERRA), the authors find that the spectral peak near 0.10 h−1 can be interpreted as being due to inertial waves propagating inside the Antarctic polar vortex. In support of this claim, the authors examine the way in which the low-frequency part of the gravity wave spectrum sampled by the balloons is shifted because of effects of the background flow vorticity. Locally, the background flow can be expressed as the sum of solid-body rotation and shear. This study demonstrates that while pure solid-body rotation gives an effective inertial frequency equal to the absolute vorticity, the latter gives an effective inertial frequency that varies, depending on the direction of wave propagation, between limits defined by the absolute vorticity plus or minus half of the background relative vorticity.
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Roberts, T. J., M. Dütsch, L. R. Hole und P. B. Voss. „Controlled meteorological (CMET) balloon profiling of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer around Spitsbergen compared to a mesoscale model“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, Nr. 19 (14.10.2015): 27539–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-27539-2015.
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Abstract. Observations from CMET (Controlled Meteorological) balloons are analyzed in combination with mesoscale model simulations to provide insights into tropospheric meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, wind-speed) around Svalbard, European High Arctic. Five Controlled Meteorological (CMET) balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard over 5–12 May 2011, and measured vertical atmospheric profiles above Spitsbergen Island and over coastal areas to both the east and west. One notable CMET flight achieved a suite of 18 continuous soundings that probed the Arctic marine boundary layer over a period of more than 10 h. The CMET profiles are compared to simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using nested grids and three different boundary layer schemes. Variability between the three model schemes was typically smaller than the discrepancies between the model runs and the observations. Over Spitsbergen, the CMET flights identified temperature inversions and low-level jets (LLJ) that were not captured by the model. Nevertheless, the model largely reproduced time-series obtained from the Ny-Ålesund meteorological station, with exception of surface winds during the LLJ. Over sea-ice east of Svalbard the model underestimated potential temperature and overestimated wind-speed compared to the CMET observations. This is most likely due to the full sea-ice coverage assumed by the model, and consequent underestimation of ocean–atmosphere exchange in the presence of leads or fractional coverage. The suite of continuous CMET soundings over a sea-ice free region to the northwest of Svalbard are analysed spatially and temporally, and compared to the model. The observed along-flight daytime increase in relative humidity is interpreted in terms of the diurnal cycle, and in the context of marine and terrestrial air-mass influences. Analysis of the balloon trajectory during the CMET soundings identifies strong wind-shear, with a low-level channeled flow. The study highlights the challenges of modelling the Arctic atmosphere, especially in coastal zones with varying topography, sea-ice and surface conditions. In this context, CMET balloons provide a valuable technology for profiling the free atmosphere and boundary layer in remote regions where few other observations are available for model validation.
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Falah Maulana Pujangga Putra Pratama. „Peranan Kantor Otoritas Bandar Udara Wilayah Iii Dalam Mengawasi Balon Udara Demi Menjaga Keamanan Dan Keselamatan Penerbangan“. Student Scientific Creativity Journal 1, Nr. 4 (06.06.2023): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/sscj-amik.v1i4.1618.
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One of the objects monitored by the Airport Authority is the activity of hot air balloons in the air space. The presence of an uncontrolled hot air balloon certainly results in disruption of the aircraft flight path which will cause flight safety to be threatened. Therefore, all forms of disruption to the flight path that have the potential for danger must be handled immediately to ensure flight safety. This study aims to find out the role and constraints experienced by the Airport Authority Office Region III in supervising hot air balloons in order to maintain flight security and safety. This study uses qualitative methods with primary and secondary data collection techniques. The data used are observation, interviews, documentation and literature study to find out the role of the Region III Airport Authority Office in supervising hot air balloons. The results of this study indicate that the role played by the Region III Airport Authority Office in supervising hot air balloons has been carried out properly and has implemented according to the regulations stated in PM 41 of 2011 and PM 40 of 2018. Meanwhile the obstacles experienced were limited personnel, Budget that is less than optimal, Momentum for hot air balloon flights that are quite a lot and occur simultaneously, Community resistance to existing regulations, and a wide scope of supervision.
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Davenhall, Clive. „Dr Katterfelto and the Prehistory of Astronomical Ballooning1“. Culture and Cosmos 18, Nr. 1 (Juni 2014): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.0118.0209.
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Regular telescopic astronomical observations made from balloons began after World War II, though scientific, particularly meteorological, ballooning dates from the mid-nineteenth century. However, astronomical ballooning has a curious prehistory at the dawn of lighter-than-air travel in the 1780s. The self-styled Dr Katterfelto (c.1743?-99) was a German-born travelling showman, lecturer and considerable self-publicist who in 1784-85 claimed to have made important astronomical discoveries from observations made from a balloon. It is unlikely that he made any such observations, or, indeed, any balloon flights. However, the episode throws some light on the world of the itinerant, eighteenth-century astronomical lecturer and the diffusion of contemporary astronomical and scientific knowledge.
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SANUKI, TOMOYUKI. „REVIEW OF BALLOONS MUON MEASUREMENT IN THE ATMOSPHERE“. International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, Nr. 12n13 (20.05.2002): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x02011138.
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In order to study neutrino oscillation phenomena using atmospheric neutrinos, it is crucially important to calculate their absolute fluxes and spectral shapes accurately. Since production and decay processes of muons are accompanied by neutrino production, observations of atmospheric muons give fundamental information about atmospheric neutrinos. Atmospheric muons have been measured at various sites; from a ground level to a balloon floating altitude. Very precise measurement has been carried out on the ground. Muon growth curves are measured during balloon ascending periods. These data can be used to investigate hadronic interaction models. Investigations of atmospheric muons will improve accuracy of the neutrino calculations. Statistics in the muon measurement during balloon experiments are still insufficient. In order to improve the statistics drastically, dedicated muon experiments are very important.
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Roberts, Tjarda J., Marina Dütsch, Lars R. Hole und Paul B. Voss. „Controlled meteorological (CMET) free balloon profiling of the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer around Spitsbergen compared to ERA-Interim and Arctic System Reanalyses“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, Nr. 19 (30.09.2016): 12383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12383-2016.
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Abstract. Observations from CMET (Controlled Meteorological) balloons are analysed to provide insights into tropospheric meteorological conditions (temperature, humidity, wind) around Svalbard, European High Arctic. Five Controlled Meteorological (CMET) balloons were launched from Ny-Ålesund in Svalbard (Spitsbergen) over 5–12 May 2011 and measured vertical atmospheric profiles over coastal areas to both the east and west. One notable CMET flight achieved a suite of 18 continuous soundings that probed the Arctic marine boundary layer (ABL) over a period of more than 10 h. Profiles from two CMET flights are compared to model output from ECMWF Era-Interim reanalysis (ERA-I) and to a high-resolution (15 km) Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) product. To the east of Svalbard over sea ice, the CMET observed a stable ABL profile with a temperature inversion that was reproduced by ASR but not captured by ERA-I. In a coastal ice-free region to the west of Svalbard, the CMET observed a stable ABL with strong wind shear. The CMET profiles document increases in ABL temperature and humidity that are broadly reproduced by both ASR and ERA-I. The ASR finds a more stably stratified ABL than observed but captured the wind shear in contrast to ERA-I. Detailed analysis of the coastal CMET-automated soundings identifies small-scale temperature and humidity variations with a low-level flow and provides an estimate of local wind fields. We demonstrate that CMET balloons are a valuable approach for profiling the free atmosphere and boundary layer in remote regions such as the Arctic, where few other in situ observations are available for model validation.
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Bridi, Adriana Carla, Thiago Quinellato Louro und Roberto Carlos Lyra da Silva. „Clinical Alarms in intensive care: implications of alarm fatigue for the safety of patients“. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2014): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3488.2513.
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OBJECTIVES: to identify the number of electro-medical pieces of equipment in a coronary care unit, characterize their types, and analyze implications for the safety of patients from the perspective of alarm fatigue.METHOD: this quantitative, observational, descriptive, non-participatory study was conducted in a coronary care unit of a cardiology hospital with 170 beds.RESULTS: a total of 426 alarms were recorded in 40 hours of observation: 227 were triggered by multi-parametric monitors and 199 were triggered by other equipment (infusion pumps, dialysis pumps, mechanical ventilators, and intra-aortic balloons); that is an average of 10.6 alarms per hour.CONCLUSION: the results reinforce the importance of properly configuring physiological variables, the volume and parameters of alarms of multi-parametric monitors within the routine of intensive care units. The alarms of equipment intended to protect patients have increased noise within the unit, the level of distraction and interruptions in the workflow, leading to a false sense of security.
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Behrendt, C. ‑A, U. Rother, G. Rümenapf, C. Uhl, H. Görtz und D. Böckler. „Randomized controlled trials and real-world evidence for market access and surveillance of high-risk products—The example of paclitaxel“. Gefässchirurgie 25, S1 (27.11.2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00772-020-00726-0.
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AbstractIn 2018 and 2020, two meta-analyses using summary-level data from randomized controlled trials reported worse mortality following the application of paclitaxel-coated stents and balloons in femoropopliteal and crural arteries. These results initiated a heated global discussion concerning the validity of this association, while various observational studies using clinical and administrative registries proved the safety of coated devices. This article aimed to summarize the development and adoption of paclitaxel-coated balloons and stents for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in clinical practice, research, and practice guidelines. It especially focusses on the European Unionʼs medical device regulation, which has far-reaching implications for the market approval and monitoring of high-risk medical devices.
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Hendrick, F., B. Barret, M. Van Roozendael, H. Boesch, A. Butz, M. De Mazière, F. Goutail et al. „Retrieval of nitrogen dioxide stratospheric profiles from ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible observations: validation of the technique through correlative comparisons“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, Nr. 8 (21.10.2004): 2091–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2091-2004.
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Abstract. A retrieval algorithm based on the Optimal Estimation Method (OEM) has been developed in order to provide vertical distributions of NO2 in the stratosphere from ground-based (GB) zenith-sky UV-visible observations. It has been applied to observational data sets from the NDSC (Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change) stations of Harestua (60° N, 10° E) and Andøya (69° N, 16° E) in Norway. The information content and retrieval errors have been analyzed following a formalism used for characterizing ozone profiles retrieved from solar infrared absorption spectra. In order to validate the technique, the retrieved NO2 vertical profiles and columns have been compared to correlative balloon and satellite observations. Such extensive validation of the profile and column retrievals was not reported in previously published work on the profiling from GB UV-visible measurements. A good agreement - generally better than 25% - has been found with the SAOZ (Système d'Analyse par Observations Zénithales) and DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) balloons. A similar agreement has been reached with correlative satellite data from the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III instruments above 25km of altitude. Below 25km, a systematic underestimation - by up to 40% in some cases - of both HALOE and POAM III profiles by our GB profile retrievals has been observed, pointing out more likely a limitation of both satellite instruments at these altitudes. We have concluded that our study strengthens our confidence in the reliability of the retrieval of vertical distribution information from GB UV-visible observations and offers new perspectives in the use of GB UV-visible network data for validation purposes.
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Nurmaningsih, Nurmaningsih, Widodo Hariyono und Muhammad Syamsu Hidayat. „Work Posture Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complaints in MSME Workers Balloon Bouquet“. PROMOTOR 7, Nr. 1 (02.02.2024): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/pro.v7i1.532.
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It is known that MSDs have become a health problem for workers in developing and developed countries over the past few years. Musculoskeletal disease is the second leading cause of disability in the world, with low back pain being the leading cause of disability. If referring to this explanation, the activities of MSME workers, balloon bouquets that can potentially cause musculoskeletal complaints, one of which is the activity of pumping balloons manually and stringing balloons with awkward postures and carrying out work with a sitting work posture which causes musculoskeletal problems, especially shoulder & waist problems because there is pressure on the spine. The type of research used by the author in this study is the qualitative method. Qualitative research researchers become the main instrument in collecting data that can be directly related to the instrument or object of research. Data collection method using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) observation sheet and Nordic Body Map (NBM) checklist sheet as well as interview guidelines. Workers often experience complaints of aches or pains both while working, and after doing work on the right shoulder, left shoulder, back, upper arm, forearm, and waist. The posture of workers when making a bouquet of balloons either when pumping, forming, or assembling balloons on average has a high risk level for complaints of musculoskeletal disorders because workers carry out work with a sitting, bending, squatting, and half-sitting work attitude, there are repetitive movements.
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Bowman, Daniel, Sarah Albert, Siddharth Krishnamoorthy, Emalee Hough, Zach Yap, Elizabeth Silber und Jonathan Lees. „Capturing the sounds of the stratosphere using solar hot air balloons“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018992.
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Low frequency sounds can travel vast distances across the planet, carrying information about the events that generated them as well as the medium through which they travel. These sounds are usually recorded on surface-based sensors. Recently, however, sensors have been lofted on high altitude balloons, where they have revealed a rich soundscape quite different than that of the Earth’s surface. Here we describe acoustic observations of the lower stratosphere conducted using inexpensive microbarometers lofted via passive solar hot air balloons. We discuss background noise as well as individual events, some of whose origins remain enigmatic. We delve into how to carry out an acoustic sensing mission using our instrumentation and flight system. Finally, we outline future directions for this technology, including deployment on extraterrestrial bodies such as Venus. [SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA under Contract No. DE-NA000352.]
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Kuo, Kirsty A., und Hugh E. M. Hunt. „Isothermal pumping analysis for high-altitude tethered balloons“. Royal Society Open Science 2, Nr. 6 (Juni 2015): 140468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140468.
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High-altitude tethered balloons have potential applications in communications, surveillance, meteorological observations and climate engineering. To maintain balloon buoyancy, power fuel cells and perturb atmospheric conditions, fluids could be pumped from ground level to altitude using the tether as a hose. This paper examines the pumping requirements of such a delivery system. Cases considered include delivery of hydrogen, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and powders as fluid-based slurries. Isothermal analysis is used to determine the variation of pressures and velocities along the pipe length. Results show that transport of small quantities of hydrogen to power fuel cells and maintain balloon buoyancy can be achieved at pressures and temperatures that are tolerable in terms of both the pipe strength and the current state of pumping technologies. To avoid solidification, transport of SO 2 would require elevated temperatures that cannot be tolerated by the strength fibres in the pipe. While the use of particle-based slurries rather than SO 2 for climate engineering can reduce the pipe size significantly, the pumping pressures are close to the maximum bursting pressure of the pipe.
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Moustaoui, M., H. Teitelbaum und A. Mahalov. „Observation and simulation of wave breaking in the southern hemispheric stratosphere during VORCORE“. Annales Geophysicae 31, Nr. 4 (16.04.2013): 675–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-675-2013.
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Abstract. An interesting occurrence of a Rossby wave breaking event observed during the VORCORE experiment is presented and explained. Twenty-seven balloons were launched inside the Antarctic polar vortex. Almost all of these balloons evolved in the stratosphere around 500K within the vortex, except the one launched on 28 October 2005. In this case, the balloon was caught within a tongue of high potential vorticity (PV), and was ejected from the polar vortex. The evolution of this event is studied for the period between 19 and 25 November 2005. It is found that at the beginning of this period, the polar vortex experienced distortions due to the presence of Rossby waves. Then, these waves break and a tongue of high PV develops. On 25 November, the tongue became separated from the vortex and the balloon was ejected into the surf zone. Lagrangian simulations demonstrate that the air masses surrounding the balloon after its ejection were originating from the vortex edge. The wave breaking and the development of the tongue are confined within a region where a planetary Quasi-Stationary Wave 1 (QSW1) induces wind speeds with weaker values. The QSW1 causes asymmetry in the wind speed and the horizontal PV gradient along the edge of the polar vortex, resulting in a localized jet. Rossby waves with smaller scales propagating on top of this jet amplify as they enter the jet exit region and then break. The role of the QSW1 on the formation of the weak flow conditions that caused the non-linear wave breaking observed near the vortex edge is confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations using forcing with and without the contribution of the QSW1.
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Cairo, F., J. P. Pommereau, K. S. Law, H. Schlager, A. Garnier, F. Fierli, M. Ern et al. „An introduction to the SCOUT-AMMA stratospheric aircraft, balloons and sondes campaign in West Africa, August 2006: rationale and roadmap“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, Nr. 5 (03.03.2010): 2237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-2237-2010.
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Abstract. A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July and 25 August 2006, in the frame of the concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period and SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica was deployed in Ouagadougou (12.3° N, 1.7° W), Burkina Faso, in conjunction with the German D-20 Falcon, while a series of stratospheric balloons and sonde flights were conducted from Niamey (13.5° N, 2.0° E), Niger. Altogether, these measurements were intended to provide experimental evidence for a better understanding of large scale transport, assessing the effect of lightning on NOx production, and studying the impact of intense mesoscale convective systems on water, aerosol, dust and chemical species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The M55 Geophysica carried out five local and four transfer flights between southern Europe and the Sahel and back, while eight stratospheric balloons and twenty-nine sondes were flown from Niamey. These experiments allowed a characterization of the tropopause and lower stratosphere of the region. The paper provides an overview of SCOUT-AMMA campaign activities together with a description of the meteorology of the African monsoon and the situation prevailing during the flights and a brief summary of the observations accomplished.
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Cao, Bing, Jennifer S. Haase, Michael J. Murphy, M. Joan Alexander, Martina Bramberger und Albert Hertzog. „Equatorial waves resolved by balloon-borne Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation in the Strateole-2 campaign“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, Nr. 23 (05.12.2022): 15379–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15379-2022.
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Abstract. Current climate models have difficulty representing realistic wave–mean flow interactions, partly because the contribution from waves with fine vertical scales is poorly known. There are few direct observations of these waves, and most models have difficulty resolving them. This observational challenge cannot be addressed by satellite or sparse ground-based methods. The Strateole-2 long-duration stratospheric superpressure balloons that float with the horizontal wind on constant-density surfaces provide a unique platform for wave observations across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. For the first time, balloon-borne Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is used to provide high-vertical-resolution equatorial wave observations. By tracking navigation signal refractive delays from GPS satellites near the horizon, 40–50 temperature profiles were retrieved daily, from balloon flight altitude (∼20 km) down to 6–8 km altitude, forming an orthogonal pattern of observations over a broad area (±400–500 km) surrounding the flight track. The refractivity profiles show an excellent agreement of better than 0.2 % with co-located radiosonde, spaceborne COSMIC-2 RO, and reanalysis products. The 200–500 m vertical resolution and the spatial and temporal continuity of sampling make it possible to extract properties of Kelvin waves and gravity waves with vertical wavelengths as short as 2–3 km. The results illustrate the difference in the Kelvin wave period (20 vs. 16 d) in the Lagrangian versus ground-fixed reference and as much as a 20 % difference in amplitude compared to COSMIC-2, both of which impact estimates of momentum flux. A small dataset from the extra Galileo, GLONASS, and BeiDou constellations demonstrates the feasibility of nearly doubling the sampling density in planned follow-on campaigns when data with full equatorial coverage will contribute to a better estimate of wave forcing on the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and improved QBO representation in models.
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Sciahbasi, Alessandro, Tiziano Maria Mazza, Chiara Pidone, Simona Samperi, Edoardo Cittadini und Antonino Granatelli. „A New Frontier for Drug-Coated Balloons: Treatment of “De Novo” Stenosis in Large Vessel Coronary Artery Disease“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, Nr. 5 (26.02.2024): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13051320.
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Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are a well-established option for treating in-stent restenosis endorsed by European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. However, in recent years, a strategy of “leaving nothing behind” with DCB in de novo coronary stenosis has emerged as an appealing approach. Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the current literature on the use of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of de novo stenosis in large vessel disease. Results: Observational studies, as well as randomized studies, demonstrated the safety of DCB percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in large vessel disease. The rate of major adverse cardiac events is even lower compared to drug-eluting stents in stable coronary artery disease. Conclusions: DCB PCI is feasible in large vessel disease, and future large, randomized studies are ongoing to confirm these results.
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Hay, D., G. Ryan, M. Somasundaram, V. Yip und L. Navaratne. „Laparoscopic management of a migrated intragastric balloon causing mechanical small bowel obstruction: a case report and review of the literature“. Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 101, Nr. 8 (November 2019): e172-e177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2019.0104.
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Intragastric balloons have been used as an invasive non-surgical treatment for obesity for over 30 years. Within the last 37 years, we have found only 27 cases reported in the literature of intestinal obstruction caused by a migrated intragastric balloon. We report the laparoscopic management of such a case and make observations from similar case presentations published in the literature. A 26-year-old woman had an intragastric balloon placed endoscopically for weight control 13 months previously. She presented to the emergency department with a four-day history of intermittent abdominal cramps and vomiting. Contrast enhanced computed tomography confirmed the presence of the intragastric balloon within the small bowel. At laparoscopic retrieval, the deflated intragastric balloon was found impacted in the terminal ileum approximately 15 cm from the ileocaecal valve. The balloon was retrieved by enterotomy and primary closure of the ileum without event. The risk of balloon deflation and subsequent migration increases over time but several published cases demonstrate that this complication can occur within six months of insertion. The initial approach to the treatment of migrated intragastric balloons causing small bowel obstruction should be determined by the location of impaction, severity of obstruction and the available skill set of the attending radiologist, endoscopist and/or surgeon. Balloons causing obstruction in the duodenum are likely amenable to endoscopic retrieval whereas impaction within the jejunum or ileum could be managed by percutaneous needle aspiration (in selected cases), endoscopy (double-balloon enteroscopy), laparoscopy or open surgery.
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Duruisseau, Fabrice, Nathalie Huret, Alice Andral und Claude Camy-Peyret. „Assessment of the ERA-Interim Winds Using High-Altitude Stratospheric Balloons“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74, Nr. 6 (01.06.2017): 2065–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0137.1.
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Abstract This study focuses on the ability of ERA-Interim to represent wind variability in the middle atmosphere. The originality of the proposed approach is that wind measurements are deduced from the trajectories of zero-pressure balloons that can reach high-stratospheric altitudes. These balloons are mainly used to carry large scientific payloads. The trajectories of balloons launched above Esrange, Sweden, and Teresina, Brazil, from 2000 to 2011 were used to deduce zonal and meridional wind components (by considering the balloon as a perfect tracer at high altitude). Collected data cover several dynamical conditions associated with the winter and summer polar seasons and west and east phases of the quasi-biennial oscillation at the equator. Systematic comparisons between measurements and ERA-Interim data were performed for the two horizontal wind components, as well as wind speed and wind direction in the [100, 2]-hPa pressure range to deduce biases between the model and balloon measurements as a function of altitude. Results show that whatever the location and the geophysical conditions considered, biases between ERA-Interim and balloon wind measurements increase as a function of altitude. The standard deviation of the model–observation wind differences can attain more than 5 m s−1 at high altitude (pressure P < 20 hPa). A systematic ERA-Interim underestimation of the wind speed is observed and large biases are highlighted, especially for equatorial flights.
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Takahashi, Yasutake, Tohru Ishii, Chiaki Todoroki, Yoichiro Maeda und Takayuki Nakamura. „Fuzzy Control for a Kite-Based Tethered Flying Robot“. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 19, Nr. 3 (20.05.2015): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2015.p0349.
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Observation providing information from above is important in in large-scale or dangerous rescue activity. This has been done from balloons or airplanes. Balloon observation requires a gas such as helium and takes a relatively long time to prepare, and while airplane observation can be prepared in a relatively short time and is highly mobile, flight time depends on the amount of fuel a plane can carry. We have proposed and developed a kite-based tethered flying robot that complements balloon and airplane observation while providing a short preparation time and long flight time [1]. The objective of our research is autonomous flight information gathering consisting of a kite, a flight unit, a tether and a ground control unit with a line-winding machine. We propose fuzzy controllers for our robot that are inspired by kite flying.
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Vincent, R. A., und A. Hertzog. „The response of superpressure balloons to gravity wave motions“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, Nr. 4 (23.04.2014): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1043-2014.
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Abstract. Superpressure balloons (SPB), which float on constant density (isopycnic) surfaces, provide a unique way of measuring the properties of atmospheric gravity waves (GW) as a function of wave intrinsic frequency. Here we devise a quasi-analytic method of investigating the SPB response to GW motions. It is shown that the results agree well with more rigorous numerical simulations of balloon motions and provide a better understanding of the response of SPB to GW, especially at high frequencies. The methodology is applied to ascertain the accuracy of GW studies using 12 m diameter SPB deployed in the 2010 Concordiasi campaign in the Antarctic. In comparison with the situation in earlier campaigns, the vertical displacements of the SPB were measured directly using GPS. It is shown using a large number of Monte Carlo-type simulations with realistic instrumental noise that important wave parameters, such as momentum flux, phase speed and wavelengths, can be retrieved with good accuracy from SPB observations for intrinsic wave periods greater than ca. 10 min. The noise floor for momentum flux is estimated to be ca. 10−4 mPa.