Thematische Bibliographien / Obesity – South Africa – Prevention

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Obesity – South Africa – Prevention“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 30. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 13. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

Kruger, H. Salome, Thandi Puoane, Marjanne Senekal und M.-Theresa van der Merwe. „Obesity in South Africa: challenges for government and health professionals“. Public Health Nutrition 8, Nr. 5 (August 2005): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005785.

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AbstractObjectivesTo review data on the prevalence, causes and health consequences of obesity in South Africa and propose interventions to prevent and treat obesity and related outcomes.MethodsData from existing literature were reviewed with an emphasis on changing eating and activity patterns, cultural factors, perceptions and beliefs, urbanisation and globalisation. Results of studies on the health consequences of obesity in South Africans are also reviewed.ResultsShifts in dietary intakes and activity patterns to higher fat intakes and lower physical activity are contributing to a higher prevalence of obesity. Few overweight black women view themselves as overweight, and some associate thinness with HIV/AIDS. Glucose and lipid toxicity, associated with insulin resistance, play roles in the pathogenesis of the co-morbid diseases of obesity. Elevated free fatty acids in the black population predispose obese black patients to type 2 diabetes.Conclusion and recommendationsObesity prevention and treatment should be based on education, behaviour change, political support, intersectoral collaboration and community participation, local actions, wide inclusion of the population, adequately resourced programmes, infiltration of existing initiatives, evidence-based planning, and proper monitoring and evaluation. Interventions should have the following components: reasonable weight goals, healthful eating, physical activity and behavioural change. Genes and mutations affecting susceptibility to the development of co-morbidities of obesity and vulnerable periods of life for the development of obesity should be prioritised. Prevention should be managed in community services, identification of high-risk patients in primary healthcare services and treatment of co-morbid diseases in hospital services.

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Evans, W. Douglas, Jonathan Blitstein, Christina Lynch, Anniza De Villiers, Catherine Draper, Nelia Steyn und Estelle V. Lambert. „Childhood Obesity Prevention in South Africa: Media, Social Influences, and Social Marketing Opportunities“. Social Marketing Quarterly 15, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000802669005.

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Obesity and childhood overweight is a worldwide epidemic that has significant long-term public health implications both in developed and developing countries. South Africa, which has a well-documented burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases, now also has an increasing burden of obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCD) such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This article describes results of formative research on childhood obesity risk factors with parents of school-age children in the Western Cape region of South Africa. We interviewed parents living in low-income urban, rural, and township communities on nutrition and physical activity, media use, and potential social marketing messages. Study aims were threefold: to collect formative information on media use and health knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to support the development of an obesity prevention social marketing campaign targeting youth; to identify parents' preferred sources of health information, and to obtain reactions to potential obesity prevention social marketing messages. Overall, the family and community nutrition and physical activity environments in the Western Cape are highly complex. Parents report major safety concerns, lack of organized markets or other sources of healthy foods in rural and township areas, and lack of resources for physical activity. We also identified preferred sources for health information primarily through print and radio, obtained information about possible channels to reach parents, and identified potential message strategies to promote healthy lifestyles similar to some HIV/AIDS social marketing campaigns in Africa. This information supports future childhood obesity prevention social marketing.

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Klingberg, Sonja, Catherine Draper, Lisa Micklesfield, Sara Benjamin-Neelon und Esther van Sluijs. „Childhood Obesity Prevention in Africa: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness and Implementation“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 7 (04.04.2019): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071212.

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Childhood obesity is of increasing concern in many parts of Africa. We conducted a systematic search and review of published literature on behavioural childhood obesity prevention interventions. A literature search identified peer-reviewed literature from seven databases, and unindexed African journals, including experimental studies targeting children age 2–18 years in African countries, published in any language since 1990. All experimental designs were eligible; outcomes of interest were both behavioural (physical activity, dietary behaviours) and anthropometric (weight, body mass index, body composition). We also searched for process evaluations or other implementation observations. Methodological quality was assessed; evidence was synthesised narratively as a meta-analysis was not possible. Seventeen articles describing 14 interventions in three countries (South Africa, Tunisia and Uganda) were included. Effect scores indicated no overall effect on dietary behaviours, with some beneficial effects on physical activity and anthropometric outcomes. The quality of evidence was predominantly weak. We identified barriers and facilitators to successful interventions, and these were largely resource-related. Our systematic review highlights research gaps in targeting alternative settings to schools, and younger age groups, and a need for more rigorous designs for evaluating effectiveness. We also recommend process evaluations being used more widely.

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Tugendhaft, Aviva, Mercy Manyema, Lennert J. Veerman, Lumbwe Chola, Demetre Labadarios und Karen J. Hofman. „Cost of inaction on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: implications for obesity in South Africa“. Public Health Nutrition 19, Nr. 13 (23.10.2015): 2296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015003006.

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AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of increased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption on future adult obesity prevalence in South Africa in the absence of preventive measures.DesignA model was constructed to simulate the effect of a 2·4 % annual increase in SSB consumption on obesity prevalence. The model computed the change in energy intake assuming a compounding increase in SSB consumption. The population distribution of BMI by age and sex was modelled by fitting measured data from the 2012 South African National Income Dynamics Survey to the log-normal distribution and shifting the mean values.SettingOver the past decade the prevalence of obesity and related non-communicable diseases has increased in South Africa, as have the sales and availability of SSB. Soft drink sales in South Africa are projected to grow between 2012 and 2017 at an annual compounded growth rate of 2·4 % in the absence of preventive measures to curb consumption.ResultsA 2·4 % annual growth in SSB sales alongside population growth and ageing will result in an additional 1 287 000 obese adults in South Africa by 2017, 22 % of which will be due to increased SSB consumption.ConclusionsIn order to meet the South African target of reducing the number of people who are obese and/or overweight by 10 % by 2020, the country cannot afford to delay implementing effective population-wide interventions. In the face of plans to increase growth of SSB, the country will soon face even greater challenges in overcoming obesity and related non-communicable diseases.

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Figueroa, Roger, Jaclyn Saltzman, Jessica Jarick Metcalfe und Angela Wiley. „“Culture Is So Interspersed”: Child-Minders’ and Health Workers’ Perceptions of Childhood Obesity in South Africa“. Journal of Obesity 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9629748.

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Introduction.Forty-one million children globally are overweight or obese, with most rapid rate increases among low- and middle-income nations. Child-minders and health workers play a crucial role in obesity prevention efforts, but their perceptions of childhood obesity in low- and middle-income countries are poorly understood. This study aims to (1) explore child-minders and health workers’ perceptions of the causes, consequences, potential strategies, and barriers for childhood obesity prevention and intervention in Cape Town, South Africa and (2) to provisionally test the fit of a socioecological framework to explain these perceptions.Methods.Twenty-one interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through analytic induction.Results.Participants identified multilevel factors and contexts, as well as potential consequences and priorities of interest in addressing childhood obesity. An adapted childhood obesity perceptions model was generated, which introduces an overarching cultural dimension embedded across levels of the socioecological framework.Conclusions.Culture plays a pivotal role in explaining obesogenic outcomes, and the results of this study demonstrate the need for further research investigating how obesity perceptions are shaped by cultural frames (e.g., social, political, and historical). Understanding the causes, consequences, and potential interventions to address obesity through a cultural lens is critical for promoting health in low- and middle-income nations.

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Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel. „“Selected Papers from the 2nd Ellisras Longitudinal Study and Other Non-Communicable Diseases Studies International Conference” Special Issue Editorial“. Children 8, Nr. 2 (16.02.2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020146.

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Epidemics of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are presently emerging and on the increase in South Africa. It is increasingly recognized that the occurrence of adult chronic disease are influenced by factors operating from childhood, which are sustained throughout the individual’s life course. Increased risk may start in infancy or even before birth and will continue to be influenced by health related behavior during adulthood. The academic level of people in the community influence the level of their health status. Commitment to the promotion of health through prevention, education, and suitable management is the building block for creating a healthy society. The community must make strides to shift from traditional knowledge and medication, and seek new innovative ways of addressing issues facing the population with regard to obesity, overweight, hypertension health, smoking cessation, alcohol abuse, and low physical activity in line with a healthy living lifestyle. The NCDs pose health problems in South Africa and deserve more attention. Poor control of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, to name just a few, only adds to the current problems. The South African government and the business sector of South Africa should provide safe walking/riding trails in the cities and in rural area to combat emerging NCDs that are killing our community members indiscriminately without considering race, gender, age, and place of residence. Compulsory introduction of physical education lessons to all public schools cannot be over emphasized in the current escalating NCD situation in South Africa.

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Matjuda, Edna N., Godwill A. Engwa, Prescilla B. Letswalo, Muhau M. Mungamba, Constance R. Sewani-Rusike und Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag. „Association of Hypertension and Obesity with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Children Aged 6–9 Years Old in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa“. Children 7, Nr. 4 (28.03.2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7040025.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are known to begin early in life, but limited data on the relationship of obesity and hypertension with other known CVD risk factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation is available on children. In this cross-sectional study involving 6–9 years old school children aged from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa the relationship between obesity/hypertension and other risk factors for CVDs was investigated. General anthropometric parameters were measured, followed by blood pressure (BP) measurements and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Urine samples were collected for the determination of albumin, creatinine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), 8-hydroxy-2deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS). Overweight/obesity (19.28%) and pre-hypertension/hypertension (42.16%) were prevalent in children. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), a marker of obesity, was positively correlated with ADMA, while ADMA and PWV were significantly different (p < 0.05) between hypertensive and normotensive children. Also, TBARS and 8-OHdG were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in hypertensive subjects. Creatinine was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in obese, as well as in hypertensive children, and positively associated with waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC). In conclusion, obesity and hypertension were associated with renal-cardiovascular disease risk, while oxidative stress showed a possible association with obesity in 6 to 9 year old South African children of African descent. This suggests that South African children of African descent may be becoming more prone to developing CVDs, and therefore may require early intervention for the prevention of CVDs in the near future.

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Murukutla, Nandita, Trish Cotter, Shuo Wang, Kerry Cullinan, Fathima Gaston, Alexey Kotov, Meena Maharjan und Sandra Mullin. „Results of a Mass Media Campaign in South Africa to Promote a Sugary Drinks Tax“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 6 (23.06.2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061878.

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Background: In South Africa, the increased consumption of sugary drinks has been associated with increased obesity rates. Mass media campaigns can play a crucial role in improving knowledge, shifting attitudes, and building support for government action on reducing sugary drink consumption. No study to date has evaluated the effectiveness of mass media campaigns on the health harms of sugary drinks in South Africa. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a mass media campaign on knowledge and attitudes around sugary drinks and on public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks in South Africa. Methods: The “Are You Drinking Yourself Sick?” campaign aired in South Africa from October 2016 to June 2017 to shift attitudes toward sugary drinks, build personal risk perceptions of the health harms of consuming sugary drinks, and build public support for a proposed tax on sugary drinks. Campaign impact was measured in representative cross-sectional household surveys of adults ages 18 to 56. The surveys were conducted just prior to the launch of the campaign (N = 1000), from October 7 to 10, 2016, and immediately following its conclusion (N = 1000), from July 12 to 21, 2017. Campaign impact was assessed by comparing changes from the pre-campaign to the post-campaign period on key outcome indicators. In addition, the effect of campaign awareness was analyzed in logistic regression analysis of the post-campaign data. Results: The campaign was recalled by 55% of survey respondents, and 78% of campaign-aware respondents said that the campaign’s main message was “drinking sugary drinks can make you sick.” There were significant changes from the pre- to the post-campaign period in knowledge that sugary drink consumption can lead to obesity and related health problems and that sugary drinks contribute toward the obesity problem in South Africa. Campaign awareness was also significantly associated with increases in knowledge about the harms of sugary drinks, and in particular, on government action, including the proposed tax on sugary drinks. Discussion: Media campaigns are an effective intervention for obesity prevention. In addition to improving knowledge and shifting attitudes, media campaigns can effectively build public support for strong government action and therefore must be a component of a comprehensive obesity prevention approach.

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Saxena, Akshar, Nicholas Stacey, Paula Del Ray Puech, Caroline Mudara, Karen Hofman und Stéphane Verguet. „The distributional impact of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages: findings from an extended cost-effectiveness analysis in South Africa“. BMJ Global Health 4, Nr. 4 (August 2019): e001317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001317.

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BackgroundFacing increasing obesity prevalence and obesity-related disease burden, South Africa has devised an obesity prevention strategy that includes a recently implemented tax on the sugar content of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). We assess the potential distributional impact (across socioeconomic groups) of this tax on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence and associated mortality and its financial burden on households.MethodsWe conducted an extended cost-effectiveness analysis of the new 10% tax on SSBs in South Africa, and estimated: the averted premature deaths related to T2DM, the financial benefits to households (out-of-pocket (OOP) medical costs and indirect costs due to productivity losses averted), the increased government tax revenues and healthcare savings for the government, all across income quintiles.FindingsA 10% SSB tax increase would avert an estimated 8000 T2DM-related premature deaths over 20 years, with most deaths averted among the third and fourth income quintiles. The government would save about South African rand (ZAR) 2 billion (US$140 million) in subsidised healthcare over 20 years; and would raise ZAR6 billion (US$450 million) in tax revenues per annum. The bottom two quintiles would bear the smallest tax burden increase (36% of the additional taxes). The bottom two income quintiles would also have the lowest savings in OOP payments due to significant subsidisation provided by government healthcare. Lastly, an estimated 32 000 T2DM-related cases of catastrophic expenditures and 12 000 cases of poverty would be averted.ConclusionsSSB taxation would have a substantial distributional impact on obesity-related premature deaths, cost savings to the government and the financial outcomes of South Africa’s population.

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Hill, Jillian, Nasheeta Peer, Deborah Jonathan, Mary Mayige, Eugene Sobngwi und Andre Pascal Kengne. „Findings from Community-Based Screenings for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in at Risk Communities in Cape Town, South Africa: A Pilot Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 8 (21.04.2020): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082876.

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Completed and ongoing implementation activities globally advocate for community-based approaches to improve strategies for type 2 diabetes prevention. However, little is known about such strategies in the African region where there are higher relative increases in diabetes prevalence. We reported findings from the first 8-month pilot phase of the South African diabetes prevention program. The study was conducted across eight townships (four black and four mixed-ancestry communities) in Cape Town, South Africa, between August 2017 and March 2018. Participants were recruited using both random and self-selected sampling techniques because the former approach proved to be ineffective; <10% of randomly selected individuals consented to participate. Non-laboratory-based diabetes risk screening, using the African diabetes risk score, and based on targeted population specific cut-offs, identified potentially high-risk adults in the community. This was followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to confirm prevalent pre-diabetes. Among the 853 adults without prior diabetes who were screened in the community, 354 (43.4%) were classified as high risk, and 316 presented for further screening. On OGTT, 13.1% had dysglycemia, including 10% with screen-detected diabetes and 67.9% with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)-defined high risk. Participants with pre-diabetes (n = 208) had high levels of common cardiovascular risk factors, i.e., obesity (73.7%), elevated total cholesterol (51.9%), and hypertension (29.4%). Self-referral is likely an efficient method for selecting participants for community-based diabetes risk screening in Africa. Post-screening management of individuals with pre-diabetes must include attention to co-morbid cardiovascular risk factors.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

Bezuidenhout, Hanlie Pearl. „The prevalence of overweight and obesity of six to nine year old black African children in a rural town of Mpumalanga“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1602.

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The aim of the study was to determine the Body Mass Index with regards to overweight and obesity of Black African children between the ages of six and nine years who were enrolled in three rural public schools within Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The researcher used a quantitative descriptive research design. Each child’s weight and height was measured and their BMI and BMI percentile for gender and age calculated. According to the BMI percentile calculations for gender and age for the sample which consisted of 902 children, three percent were defined as being underweight, 79 percent as being normal weight, 11 percent as being overweight, and seven percent as being obese. In the sample there were also 21.3 percent children who were at risk of becoming overweight (3.5 percent) and obese (17.8 percent). Without intervention these at risk learners may in their adolescent and adult years be adversely affected by the physiological and psychosocial consequences related to their condition. Suggestion is made to utilise a Forum through which various stakeholders can pool their expertise and resources to develop a programme of intervention with the aim to prevent escalation of overweight and obesity, as well as reversing the current prevalence as identified within the research population.

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Malan, Chantelle Therese. „The ‘obesity epidemic’ : an analysis of representations of obesity in mainstream South African newspapers post-1997“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1019751.

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This study of 449 newspaper articles from South Africa from 1997 provides an analysis of the representations of obesity evinced in the corpus. The research argues that obesity is overwhelmingly framed as being diseased and that there are four main refrains within this frame, namely, statistics on obesity, the naturalisation of negative assumptions about fat, the social dysfunction of fat and the use of crisis metaphors to describe fatness. This framing lends itself to representations of obesity which are raced, gendered and classed. Fat bodies are portrayed as being in deficit and fat people as lacking agency. The disproportional focus on black bodies in the corpus can be attributed to assumptions of ‘incivility’ which are premised on racial stereotypes which construct black people as being unintelligent, irrational, lacking agency and being largely dependent on others to survive. This disproportional focus on black bodies can also be understood in the context of emerging markets. This study argues that the medicalisation of obesity has contributed to many oversimplifications and contradictions in the representation of obesity in the corpus, which seem to go unquestioned, such as the conflation of weight and health, something I argue is one of the main contributors to the negative consequences of the dominant framing of obesity. Framing obesity as medicalised also promotes fat shaming and acts as a form of social control which maintains existing power relations through the use of discursive practices for the identification and control of deviants. These representations are problematic chiefly because they promote the dehumanisation of fat people, but also because that they do not promote good health as they claim to do.

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Blomqvist, Hassell Felicia, und Anna Karlsson. „HIV prevention for adolescents in South Africa“. Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1548.

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Background It is estimated that 6.1 million people have HIV in South Africa, which makes it the country with the highest number of people living with HIV in the world. Adolescents are a severely affected and exposed group, since they tend to have several risk factors and a risky sexual behaviour. However, sexual education is implemented in school and there are special prevention programmes for adolescents in the country. Aim The aim of this study was to examine the HIV prevention work for adolescents in South Africa. Method The study was accomplished with a qualitative method and a semistructured interview design. The respondents were reached through purposive sampling and snowballing. In total six interviews were accomplished with people active within school, healthcare and different organisations. Results South Africa is a diverse country with many different cultures, beliefs and languages. Due to all the differences in the country, the widespread poverty and the previous political situation the challenges are many when it comes to prevention work. The key findings of the thesis are the importance of education and gender empowerment for adolescents to prevent the further spread. Conclusion HIV prevention for adolescents is important to reduce the HIV epidemic in South Africa. However, further education and gender empowerment is needed. Stigmatization and poor adherence to ART is also issues that need to be addressed in order to make progress in the prevention work. A mutual goal has appeared in the field of HIV prevention; to have zero new infections.

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Nakimuli, Brenda. „Socioeconomic inequalities of childhood obesity in South Africa“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23395.

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Obesity is a public health concern in both high- and low-middle income countries. In South Africa obesity is not only limited to adults but is also evidenced in children. In order to contribute useful insights for developing effective obesity policy and programme interventions, this study assesses socioeconomic (SE) inequalities related to childhood obesity in South Africa. Using data from the South African National Income Dynamics survey (2012), the study assesses the extent of SE inequalities in obesity using concentration index (CI). The study also assesses the determinants that underpin these inequalities using decomposition analysis of the CI. Overall, the positive CI from the results indicates that the burden of obesity is more concentrated among the rich compared to the poor with girls having slightly greater SE inequalities compared to boys. The decomposition analysis further indicated that the determinants of these inequalities were an interplay of individual (i.e. race), household (i.e. household head characteristics) and contextual (i.e. household location) level factors. These findings suggest that there is a continuous need for surveillance of obesity in children over time across different social economic status (SES) especially in low- and middle- income countries. Finally, the results suggest that both childhood obesity and inequalities are complex issues with different underlying determinants that vary with the different SES, gender and may require coordinated policy and programmatic interventions at individual, household and contextual level.

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Gunnarsson, Hanna, und Nanci Kader. „Prevention of malnutrition for children in South Africa“. Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-1772.

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Background Malnutrition among children in South Africa is a huge issue, which are causing short- and long-term effects for the children suffering from it. In 64 percent of the cases where children die before the age of five, malnutrition is the underlying cause. Therefore there are non-governmental organizations who are doing preventive work to try to diminish malnutrition so all children have the same chance to a good childhood. Aim The aim of the study was to describe the prevention of malnutrition of children in South Africa. Method A qualitative design with semi-structured interviews with non governmental organzations was used for this study. Data was analysed by content analyse. Findings The findings show that one key intervention is nutritional education to empower people on how to best use the scares resources they have. Therefore the non governmental organizations put a lot of emphasis on educating families about nutrition. Furthermore the stigma and mistaken beliefs about breastfeeding is targeted through education, as it is of vital importance to solely breastfeed as a preventive intervention. Conclusion Early interventions are emphasized due to the importance of preventing malnutrition early in a child’s life. The link between HIV positive women and malnourished children is remarkable and the government of South Africa has promoted breastfeeding for all as a solution.

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Pettersson, Camilla, und Fanny Enström. „Prevention of malnutrition in South Africa among children“. Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2133.

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Background Malnutrition among children in South Africa is a substantial public health problem. Especially young children are vulnerable and exposed to malnutrition. Children suffering from malnutrition develop many short- and long-term health-consequences. Effective preventative work against this issue is crucial in order for malnutrition to diminish among the children in South Africa. Aim The aim was to describe how the preventative work against malnutrition is being performed among children aged zero to six in South Africa. Method The method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive study with six semi-structured interviews. Interviews were performed with registered nurses and researchers. The interview-data was analyzed based on a grounded theory through substantive coding where the most relevant codes where found, studied and concluded in the results. Results The results showed that both the registered nurses and researchers considered socioeconomic-factors and lack of knowledge about nutrition to be the most important causes for malnutrition among children, and also impacted heavily on the preventative work. It was found that more effective preventative work is needed, but for this to work it needs to be adapted to the social context in the country. Conclusions The preventative work against malnutrition must be able to break through socioeconomic barriers like poverty, misguided cultural beliefs about nutrition, lacking food security and the fact that many mothers to children are HIV positive, which also is strongly connected to malnutrition among young children. Education about nutrition must be further developed and reach out to more people in the country.

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Panday, Saadhna. „Smoking prevention & cessation among adolescents in South Africa“. [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2005. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6342.

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Hattingh, Comien. „The impact of obesity on the South African economy“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/14624.

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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The prevalence of overweight and obesity escalated over the past 30 years worldwide in adults, children, and adolescents. Estimates are that 26% of the global adult population is either overweight or obese. However, the most alarming fact is the increase in obesity in children and adolescents. In South Africa, the estimated overweight and obesity prevalence in adults is 45% and 20% in children below 6 years of age. The World Heath Organisation acknowledges obesity as an unforgiving, formidable chronic disease, an eminent global epidemic, and the most significant independent risk factor to chronic disease. There are about 30 different diseases associated with obesity of which cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, lifestyle cancers, depression, and diabetes are the most prominent. The current rising obesity trends increase the prevalence of these obesity-associated diseases, as well as a wide range of psychosocial problems. Global expectations are that weight-related chronic disease will develop into the most significant healthcare problem in the 21st century. The overarching trend of globalisation has transformed the global landscape into a more obesogenic environment with resultant changes in behavioural lifestyles of increased caloric consumption and less physical activity at home and at work. However, genetic, social, and cultural determinants enhance weight gain, which contributes largely to current obesity trends. Obesity is a major public healthcare problem in South Africa, with African women and Caucasian men most at risk. However, the competing priorities of unemployment, poverty, and HIV/AIDS place high demands on the South African economy, with resultant neglect of obesity. Obesity has the potential to incur a large impact on the South African economy through the reduction in labour productivity, corporate profitability, and national output, especially in combination with HIV/AIDS.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die insidensie van oorgewig en obesiteit het toegeneem oor die afgelope 30 jaar wereldwyd in volwassenes, tieners, en kinders. Omtrent 26% van die globale populasie is of oorgewig of vetsugtig. Die erns van die huidige situasie is egter die toenemende voorkoms van obesiteit in kinders en tieners. Die voorkoms van oorgewig en obesiteit in Suid-Afrika word geskat op 45% in volwassenes en 20% in kinders jonger as 6 jaar. Die Wereld Gesondheid Organisasie het in 1997 obesiteit geklassifiseer as 'n chroniese siekte en hul kommer uitgespreek oor die feit dat obesiteit epidemiese proporsies bereik het. Obesiteit word ook nou erken as die belangrikste, onafhanklike risiko faktor vir chroniese siekte. Obesiteit word geassosieer met omtrent 30 verskillende siektetoestande waarvan kardiovaskulere siekte, metaboliese sindroom, lewensstyl kankers, depressie, en diabetes die belangrikste is. Stygende obesiteit syfers verhoog ook die voorkoms van hierdie siektes asook verskeie psigososiale probleme. Verwagtings is dat gewig verwante siektes die belangrikste gesondheid probleme sal wees gedurende die 21 ste eeu. Die proses van globalisasie het die wereld landskap verander in 'n omgewing wat meer obesogenies is, wat gelei het tot veranderings in leefstyle in die rigting van 'n hoër inname van kaloriee en minder aktiewe leefstyle. Genetiese, sosiale, en kulturele faktore verhoog ook die vatbaarheid van die individu tot gewig toename en speel 'n groot rol in die huidige obesiteit status. Obesiteit is tans 'n geweldige gesondheidprobleem in Suid-Afrika met Swart vrouens en Blanke mans die populasiegroepe wat die hoogste risiko dra. Die probleem is egter dat die kompeterende prioriteite van werkloosheid, armoede, en MIV/VIGS alreeds hoe eise stel aan die Suid-Afrikaans ekonomie met gevolglike verwaarlosing van obesiteit. Obesiteit het die potensiaal om 'n groot effek uit te oefen op die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie deur middel van 'n verlies in produktiwiteit, verminderde korporatiewe wins, en ekonomiese groei, veral in kombinasie met MIV/VIGS.

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Moodley, Jennifer Rose. „Prevention of cervical cancer in South Africa : opportunities and challenges“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10990.

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Goliath, Veonna. „Practice guidelines for culturally sensitive drug prevention interventions“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1017193.

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South Africa has experienced a notable increase in adolescent drug use during the country’s transition from apartheid to democracy (Central Drug Authority [CDA], 2006). These findings are verified by epidemiological studies and two national youth risk behaviour surveys, highlighting the need for effective drug prevention interventions. Whilst drug use spans across age, gender and social strata, the rapid increase in both legal and illicit drug use among adolescents in the Northern Areas communities of Port Elizabeth has been particularly pronounced. The South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) statistics, which reflects on racial demographics in accordance with the Population Registration Act of 1950 (South Africa, 1950), reports that, in the year 2011, the ‘Coloured’ population constituted 62 percent of those individuals seeking treatment for drug abuse, compared to 15 percent ‘African’ treatment seekers in Port Elizabeth (Dada, Plüddemann, Parry, Bhana, Vawda & Fourie, 2012:44). Furthermore, methamphetamine use by persons under the age of 20 years in Port Elizabeth increased fivefold in a three-year period, i.e. from 7 percent in 2008 to 39 percent in 2011 (Dada et al., 2012), with the ‘Coloured’ population group accounting for the majority of methamphetamine users. These statistics reinforce a long-standing racial stereotype that associates ‘Coloured’ racial identity with an enhanced susceptibility to drug use. The National Drug Master Plan (South Africa, 2012a), and the Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act (Act no 70 of 2008) propose that drug prevention programmes should address the values, perceptions, expectations and beliefs that the community associates with drug abuse (South Africa, 2008b). This view emphasises the importance of drug preventions interventions that are culturally sensitive and contextually relevant. The current study was guided by two conceptual frameworks, i.e. the Social Constructionist Framework and the Ecological Risk/Protective Resilience Framework, and focused on the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth, a historically marginalised community inhabited by a predominantly ‘Coloured’ indigenous/ethnic group. The goal of the study was to enhance understanding of the socio-cultural meaning attributed to cultural identity, drug use, non-use and drug prevention in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth, with the view to developing guidelines for drug prevention interventions that are culturally sensitive and contextually relevant. The following objectives were formulated in order to achieve the goal of the study: • To explore adolescent narratives regarding the constructs ‘Coloured’, drug use, non-use and drug prevention programmes of three distinct groups of adolescents (drug users, non-users, and TADA peer mentors) from the Northern Areas. • To explore and describe the social service practitioners’ (social workers and social auxiliary workers’) constructions of drug use, non-use and drug abuse prevention in relation to adolescents from the Northern Areas, and how such constructions inform the drug prevention services rendered to adolescents from these communities. • To review the data collected from the adolescent narratives and the social service practitioners’ reflections on their drug prevention programmes against existing theory and models for drug prevention. • To synthesise the above information with a view to developing guidelines for culturally sensitive drug prevention programmes relevant and responsive to the specific social constructions of adolescents from the Northern Areas. A qualitative research approach, located in a narrative tradition of inquiry research design, was employed to achieve the goal of the study (Riessman, 2008). The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved an empirical study with the four sample groups (i.e. adolescent drug users, adolescent non-drug users, Teenagers against Drug Abuse [TADA] peer mentors and social service professionals (i.e. social workers and social auxiliary workers)). Phase two involved the co-construction of the practice guidelines for culturally sensitive and contextually relevant drug prevention interventions. Phase one started with the informal exploration of community stakeholders’ views on the identified research problem and the process of gaining access to the research population. Several gatekeepers (i.e. teachers, social workers, the Families Against Drugs [FAD] Support Group representatives, a minister of religion and a community stakeholder) were engaged to assist in recruiting participants from the four sample groups. A non-probability purposive sampling method was employed to purposively recruit 29 adolescent non-drug users and ten adolescent peer mentors (via the TADA Programme at one school). The same sampling method, followed by a snowball sampling technique, was employed to recruit the two remaining sample groups of ten adolescent drug users (in the recovery process) and nine social workers and social auxiliary workers respectively. The sample sizes were determined by the principle of data saturation.The data generation method used in respect of the non-users took the form of semi-structured written narratives, administered in a group context during school time, followed by a second round of data generation. The life-grid (Wilson, Cunningham-Burley, Bancroft, Backett-Milburn & Masters, 2007:144), a qualitative visual tool for mapping important life events, was employed to guide the co-construction of the biographical narratives generated during the individual semi-structured interviews with the sample of adolescent drug users. Focus group interviews were used to enhance an understanding of the peer mentors and social service practitioners’ views on the construct ‘Coloured’ and their existing drug prevention programmes. Each of the individual and focus group interviews was audio-recorded, transcribed and complemented by the field notes. Informal data gathering occurred through participant observation of two drug prevention programmes, attendance of a FAD Support Group meeting, and interviews with community volunteers and the South African Police Services (SAPS) Youth Development Forum. Both the content and the context of the narratives were analysed to arrive at the research themes, sub-themes and categories. The content of the narratives was analysed by employing categorical content analysis, whilst the form of the narratives (i.e. how the stories were told) was analysed by using the socio-cultural approach to narrative analysis (Grbich, 2007:130). The journey metaphor emerged from the adolescent drug users’ narratives, depicting a prototypical storyline of a drug use journey, starting with experimentation and culminating in abuse and dependence for some and an early exit from the journey for others. The conclusions that can be drawn from these findings illuminate key protective factors and processes at a multisystemic level that can be strengthened to enhance the adolescents’ resistance to drug use and/or delay the onset of use. Embedded in the participants’ narration of the drug use journey were nuances relating to internalised stereotypes of ‘White’ supremacy and ‘Coloured’ inferiority as an explanatory framework for venturing onto and prolonging the journey.The two themes that emerged during the process of content and narrative analysis of the qualitative data (from both adolescent drug users and non-users) were as follows: Constructing drug use as a ‘Coloured’ phenomenon and reconstructing ‘Coloured’ identity; Risk and protective factors located at individual, family, peer, school, community and societal domains. The four themes that emerged during the data analysis of the peer mentors and social service practitioners’ narratives were as follows: Construction of ‘Coloured’ identity; socio-cultural meaning construction about the reasons for drug use amongst adolescents from the Northern Areas; description of drug prevention services rendered in the Northern Areas; and reflection on barriers to rendering drug prevention interventions.

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Bücher zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

E, Bulwer Bernard, Hrsg. Perfect weight South Africa. Lake Mary, Fla: Siloam, 2008.

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Anne, Case. Sex differences in obesity rates in poor countries: Evidence from South Africa. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Anne, Case. Sex differences in obesity rates in poor countries: Evidence from south africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Directorate, Population and Development South Africa Department of Social Development Chief. HIV/AIDS case studies in South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Dept. of Social Development, Chief Directorate Population and Development, 2002.

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Parry, Charles David Heber. Alcohol policy and public health in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Whiteside, Alan. AIDS: The challenge for South Africa. Tafelberg: Human & Rousseau, 2000.

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Whiteside, Alan. AIDS: The challenge for South Africa. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 2000.

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AIDS, politics, and music in South Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Anti-corruption manual for South Africa: An introduction. Kuils River, South Africa: Vuvuzela Project Management, 2013.

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Edmonds, Laura. Teen drug scene, South Africa: A guide for parents and schools. Pinegowrie: Aspen Oak Associates, 1994.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

Gould, Chandré. „Biological Weapons Prevention in South Africa“. In Biosecurity, 171–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230245730_10.

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Buys, Jane. „The National Rural Safety Strategy in the Free State, South Africa“. In Rural Crime Prevention, 220–25. 1 Edition. | New York City : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in rural criminology: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429460135-24.

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Kalichman, Seth C., und Leickness C. Simbayi. „Positive Prevention: HIV Risk Reduction for People Living with HIV/AIDS“. In HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On, 273–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0306-8_18.

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Abdullah, Fareed, und Corinne Squire. „Technologies of Treatment: Scaling up ART in the Western Cape, South Africa“. In HIV Treatment and Prevention Technologies in International Perspective, 33–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297050_3.

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Neema, Stella, Gerald Mutungi, Sheila Mwebaze und Silver Bahendeka. „“Fat People Are More Respected”: Socio-Cultural Construction of Obesity and Overweight Risk & Prevention in Ugandan Communities“. In Health Communication and Disease in Africa, 159–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2546-6_7.

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Abdool Karim, Quarraisha, Cheryl Baxter und Salim S. Abdool Karim. „Studies Linked to the Evolving HIV Epidemic in South Africa: Informing the CAPRISA Scientific Agenda“. In The CAPRISA Clinical Trials: HIV Treatment and Prevention, 3–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47518-9_1.

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Dlodlo, Nomusa, Paul Mbecke, Mofolo Mofolo und Martin Mhlanga. „The Internet of Things in Community Safety and Crime Prevention for South Africa“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 531–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06773-5_71.

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Wilbraham, Lindy. „Parental Communication with Children about Sex in the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in South Africa: Cultural Appropriations of Western Parenting Expertise“. In HIV Treatment and Prevention Technologies in International Perspective, 87–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297050_5.

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Moloja, Moloiyatsana Dina. „Cloud Intrusion Detection and Prevention System for M-Voting Application in South Africa: Suricata vs. Snort“. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 113–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77028-4_18.

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Akinyemi, Temitope Edward. „Climate Change Adaptation and Conflict Prevention: Innovation and Sustainable Livestock Production in Nigeria and South Africa“. In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 87–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00081-3_5.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

Mouton, Francois, Marcel Teixeira und Thomas Meyer. „Benchmarking a mobile implementation of the social engineering prevention training tool“. In 2017 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issa.2017.8251782.

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Prinsloo, Megan, Bianca Dekel, Shibe Mhlongo, Nomonde Gwebushe, Carl Lombard, Rachel Jewkes, Naeemah Abrahams und Richard Matzopoulos. „5E.005 Injury Mortality in South Africa: 2009 vs 2017“. In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.138.

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Mtshali, Siphesihle, Hellen Myezwa, Nonceba Mbambo-Kekana und Kerith Aginsky. „Injury Prevention Practices by Amateur Football Coaches in Gauteng South Africa“. In International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005160700570063.

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„Noise Awareness and Noise Prevention as Strategies for Curtailing the Risk of Noise Induced Hearing Loss Among College Students in Osun State, Nigeria“. In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118454.

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Moloja, Dina, und Noluntu Mpekoa. „Towards a cloud intrusion detection and prevention system for M-voting in South Africa“. In 2017 International Conference on Information Society (i-Society). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/i-society.2017.8354666.

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le Roux, Gerhard, Louwrence Erasmus und Leon Pretorius. „Technology and Crime Prevention: Integrating Technologies to Support Community Safety in Tshwane, South Africa“. In 2019 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet.2019.8893736.

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Puvanachandra, Prasanthi, Aliasgher Janmohammed, Pumla Mtambeka, Megan Prinsloo, Sebastian Van As und Margaret Peden. „1A.003 Affordability and availability of child restraints in under-served populations in South Africa“. In Virtual Pre-Conference Global Injury Prevention Showcase 2021 – Abstract Book. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.3.

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Sultana, Rizwana, Amal Ch Kataki, Bibhuti Bhusan Barthakur und Sujoy Bose. „Abstract A09: Role of adipocytokines in obesity associated Triple Negative Breast Cancer“. In Abstracts: AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; January 18-22, 2017; Cape Town, South Africa. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.newfront17-a09.

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Shahmanesh, Maryam. „S09.2 Cascade of HIV prevention: a powerful tool to improve the implementation of DREAMS combination prevention in rural south africa“. In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.46.

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Bisceglie, Adrian M. Di. „Abstract IA37: Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) with antiviral therapy“. In Abstracts: AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; January 18-22, 2017; Cape Town, South Africa. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.newfront17-ia37.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Obesity – South Africa – Prevention"

Case, Anne, und Alicia Menendez. Sex Differences in Obesity Rates in Poor Countries: Evidence from South Africa. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, Oktober 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13541.

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Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle und Johannes van Dam. Strengthening STI treatment and HIV/AIDS prevention services in Carletonville, South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1001.

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Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and to sustain those reductions through enhanced prevention and STI treatment services. Carletonville includes many migrant mine workers and is characterized by significant poverty and unemployment, the presence of sex work, and high rates of STIs. MIP targets population groups where high-risk sexual behavior is thought to be common. This brief focuses on sex workers because of their vulnerability to STIs and HIV infection and their link to miners and men in the broader community.

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Brady, Martha, Saiqa Mullick, Barbara Friedland, Marlena Plagianos, Linda Du Plessis und Thabiso Mango. Learning from women about HIV risk, HIV testing behaviors, and prevention practices in Mpumalanga, South Africa: A descriptive study to inform microbicides introduction. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv8.1004.

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Mullick, Saiqa, Mantshi Menziwa, Nzwakie Mosery, Doctor Khoza und Edwin Maroga. Feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness and cost of models of integrating HIV prevention and counseling and testing for HIV within family planning services in North West Province, South Africa. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1214.

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Engaging advocates from concept to results: Summary report of the Advocates' Consultation on HIV Prevention Trials: Carraguard and VOICE Studies, Johannesburg, South Africa, 18-19 October 2007. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv12.1052.

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Hearing from men in South Africa: Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1002.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Durban, South Africa—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women and their partners.

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