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1
Debnath, Sampriti. „Child, maternal body composition and nutritional status among the Bengali Muslim population of Darjeeling district, West Bengal“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4237.
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2
Mohsena, Masuda. „Socio-economic association and trends of nutritional status of mother-child pairs in Bangladesh over the period of 1996 and 2007“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607924.
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3
Langi, Grace Kerly Lony Nate Hongkrailert. „Knowledge and perception of mothers about nutritional status of children under five years of age in Bahu Health Center, Manado city, North Sulawesi province, Indonesia /“. Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd415/5037990.pdf.
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4
Schmid, Martina A. „Traditional food consumption and nutritional status of Dalit mothers and young children in rural Andhra Pradesh, South India“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85646.
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Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and vitamin A and iron deficiencies are major public health problems in India. Traditional food systems are known to be sustainable, high in species variety and have rich nutrient sources. This thesis describes nutritional status in Dalit mothers and children living in villages with the Alternative Public Distribution Program (ADDS), a community food security program based on traditional agriculture, and in control villages.We recruited 263 Dalit mother-child (6-39 months) pairs from 19 APDS and 18 control villages in the Medak District. Food frequency questionnaires and 24-hour recalls were used during two seasons in 2003. A socio-cultural questionnaire including anthropometry and clinical eye examination were obtained during rainy season.
In summer, mothers from APDS villages consumed more frequently millet (18% vs. 8%, P = 0.04) every week, and had higher intake of energy (mean +/- SD: 12,197 +/- 3,515 kJ vs. 11,172 +/- 3,352 kJ; P = 0.02) and protein (77.5 +/- 25.1 g vs. 71.1 +/- 25.2 g; P = 0.05). During rainy season, they had higher intakes of energy (11,168 +/- 3,335 kJ vs. 10,168 +/- 3,730 kJ; P = 0.04), protein (68.9 +/- 22.6 g vs. 60.4 +/- 23.8 g; P < 0.01) and iron (15.8 +/- 6.6 mg vs. 13.7 +/- 9.1 mg; P < 0.01). Overall, 58% of mothers were chronic energy deficient (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) and intake of pulses (g/day) was inversely associated with chronic energy deficiency (OR = 0.98, P < 0.01). Sorghum consumption (OR = 0.99, P = 0.03) was inversely correlated with the occurrence of clinical vitamin A deficiency symptoms which was prevalent in mothers (16%). More children from APDS villages weekly consumed millet (18% vs. 7%, P = 0.05) in summer and sorghum (76% vs. 60%, P = 0.02) every day during rainy season. The prevalence of stunted, wasted and underweight children was 33%, 52%, and 63%, respectively.
Our findings show that dietary patterns, but not nutritional status, differ between mothers from villages with and without APDS. Malnutrition (PEM, vitamin A deficiency) is a prevalent problem in these rural poor communities and traditional food consumption plays a key protective role.
5
Whittaker, Stuart. „A nutritional and socio-economic study of Philippi farm children and their mothers during November 1986“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27220.
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A community based survey to determine the nutritional status using anthropometric methods, of children and mothers and to assess certain socio-economic factors was carried out during November and December 1986 in Philippi, a predominantly vegetable farming area. Twenty-one (43%) of the 49 vegetable farms which were included in the study were selected by stratified random sampling. All children in the 0-6 year age group and their parents on the selected farms were included in the sample which consisted of 129 children and 212 parents. Questionnaires were administered and subjects' weights and heights were measured. It was found that 47% of children were below the National Centre for Health Statistics 5th percentile weight for age and 58% were under the 5th percentile height for age. There were 47 child deaths out of 279 births over a six-year period, thirty-four of which had occurred in the first year of life. Twenty eight percent of children had a birth weight of less than 2.5 kg. The number of cases of tuberculosis (10%) and severe diarrhoea (31%) contracted within the first year of life is unacceptably high. Twenty four percent of mothers were malnourished in terms of body mass index and fifty five percent of mothers were illiterate. Fifty nine percent of mothers were regular farm workers who worked for an average of 10.2 hours per day and a wage of R0.44 per hour. Grossly inadequate facilities existed for the care of children while the mothers worked. The average amount spent on food was insufficient to maintain normal nutrition. Although 91.5% of mothers breast fed their children and fed for a mean duration of 13.4 months, breast feeding was not exclusive. Supplementary feeding was introduced on average at 3 months of age. The long working hours of working mothers made it difficult for them to breast feed their children satisfactorily. Acceptance of the family planning services was high and immunisation cover was good. These statistics reflect the effects of extreme poverty and neglect of a community which is totally reliant on its employers for its livelihood. The parents poor educational level, coupled with their meagre financial and other physical resources gives them and their children little opportunity to improve their station in life and leaves them open to the scrounge of malnutrition and disease. Similarly, the dearth of educational and other child care facilities will ensure that this disastrous trend continues. A multidisciplinary approach, including active community involvement of both farmers and workers, to the many physical and social problems is urgently needed if the unacceptable human suffering is to be stopped.
6
Karkuki, Osguei Nushin. „The relationship between socio-economic variation and nutritional status of under five year old Nepalese children and their mothers“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648724.
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7
Jalloh, Neneba Adama. „Differences in the effect of protein intake on the nutritional status of children whose mothers did or did not participate in the food and agriculture organization program in Koinadugu district of Sierra Leone“. Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/770953.
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The high rate of malnutrition (180/1000 live births) in Sierra Leone (U N Demographic Year Book, 1985) has become a major concern to the government, development agencies, medical and nutritional personnel. This study was designed to determine whether there were any significant differences between the nutritional status of the children women who participated in an FAO project and those who did not and was conducted in six villages in the Koinadugu District of Sierra Leone.By referring to a list of local protein rich foods, three-day recall of food frequency was done to estimate the protein intake. Anthropometric measures were collected and body mass index was determined. All measures were compared with standards for African-American population.The weight-for-age was significantly greater for the the 50th percentile than that of the non-project children (NPC). Protein intake less than the average of 57 grams, were seen among older children with lower weight-for -height percentile, suggesting that total food intake was inadequate for the older children. This researcher believes that the FAO project should continue but that nutrition education should be an important component of the program.Department of Home Economics
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Miglioli, Teresa Cristina. „Estado nutricional de mães e filhos menores de cinco anos em Pernambuco“. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8425.
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Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento do Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Mulheres no período reprodutivo e crianças são os grupos mais expostos aos problemas nutricionais, notadamente às situações carenciais, como anemia e deficiência de vitamina A (DVA). A presente tese objetivou investigar a relação entre o estado nutricional (marcadores antropométricos, anemia e DVA) de menores de cinco anos e o estado nutricional de suas mães (Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC, anemia e DVA), idade materna, fatores ambientais, socioeconômicos e acesso a serviços de saúde e programas sociais, sendo elaborada sob a forma de artigos científicos. O primeiro artigo \201CDeficiência de vitamina A em mães e filhos no Estado de Pernambuco\201D, analisou a prevalência e fatores associados à DVA em mães (664) e seus filhos (790) menores de cinco anos, com amostra representativa do meio urbano e rural. A DVA foi definida como níveis de retinol sérico <20\F06Dg/dL para ambos. Análises bi e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando o modelo log-log complementar como função de ligação adotando-se a ordenação hierárquica explicativa da DVA. O segundo artigo \201CEstado nutricional de mães e filhos menores de cinco anos em Pernambuco\201D, utilizou a análise de correlação canônica, tendo como variáveis dependentes as características dos filhos (peso/idade, estatura/idade, IMC/idade, níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico). Como variáveis independentes, as relacionadas ao estado nutricional das mães (IMC, níveis de hemoglobina e retinol sérico), idade materna, fatores ambientais, socioeconômicos e acesso a serviços de saúde e programas sociais. Adotouse um nível de significância <0,05 para seleção das funções canônicas (FC) a serem interpretadas e ± 0,40 como valor de carga canônica das variáveis a serem analisadas dentro de cada função. A prevalência de DVA foi 6,9% nas mães e 16,1% em seus filhos, com ocorrências semelhantes para cada grupo na comparação urbano x rural Na área urbana, o regime de ocupação da moradia associou-se com a DVA nas mães. Para crianças urbanas, após o ajuste final do modelo, figuraram como variáveis preditivas a idade da mãe; nº de consultas pré-natais e peso ao nascer. No meio rural a DVA materna se relacionou à DVA dos filhos, ao peso ao nascer e diarreia nos últimos 15 dias. Foram selecionadas 3 FC concentrando 89,9% da variabilidade da relação entre mães e filhos. Na 1ª FC, peso/idade (-0,73) e estatura/idade (-0,99) dos filhos, achavam-se diretamente relacionados à estatura da mãe (-0,82), consultas pré-natais (-0,43), estrato geográfico (-0,41) e renda familiar per capita (-0,42). Relação inversa entre variáveis referentes aos filhos e moradores/cômodo (0,44), indicando que quanto maior o número de pessoas por cômodo, mais deficiente o estado nutricional. Na 2ª FC, o IMC materno (- 0,48) relacionou-se com IMC/idade e retinol dos filhos. Houve uma forte associação, entre mães e filhos, em relação à anemia, DVA e marcadores antropométricos. À medida que as mulheres aumentavam de peso o mesmo acontecia com seus filhos e mulheres de baixo peso tendiam a ter filhos com DVA. A DVA mantém-se como um problema de saúde pública em Pernambuco. Residir na área rural ainda é um discriminante na situação de saúde das famílias.
Women in reproductive period and children are the most exposed groups to have nutritional problems, notably the nutritional deficiencies such as anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD). This thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between the nutritional status (anthropometric markers, anemia and VAD) of children under five years of age and the nutritional status of the mothers (Body Mass Index - BMI, anemia and VAD), maternal age, socio-economic and environmental factors, access to health services and social programs, is being elaborated in a scientific article form. The first Article "Vitamin A Deficiency in mothers and children in the State of Pernambuco", examined the prevalence and factors associated with VAD in mothers (664) and children (790) under five years of age as an urban and rural representative sample. VAD was defined as serum retinol levels at <20 mg/dL for both. Bi and multivariate analyzes were carried out using the complementary log-log model as a link function adopting the VAD hierarchical ordination explanation. The second Article "Nutritional status of mothers and children under five years of age in Pernambuco", used the canonical correlation analysis as dependent variables of the children´s characteristics (weight/age, height/age, BMI/age, levels of hemoglobin and serum retinol). As independent variables, the ones related to the nutritional status of mothers are (BMI, levels of hemoglobin and serum retinol) the maternal age, environmental factors, socioeconomic status, and access to health services and social programs. A significance level of <0.05 was adopted for the selection of canonical functions (FC) to be interpreted and ± 0.40 as a load value of canonical variables to be analyzed in each function. The prevalence of VAD was 6.9% in mothers and 16.1% in children with the same occurrences for each group in comparison to urban vs. rural. In the urban area, the occupational residency regime is associated to VAD in mothers. For urban children, after the final adjustments of the model, the predictive variables were figured as maternal age, number of prenatal consultations and birth weight. In rural areas, VAD mothers were related to VAD of the children, birth weight and diarrhea in the last 15 days. 3 FC´s were selected concentrating 89.9% of the variability of the relationship among mothers and children. In the 1st FC, weight / age (-0.73) and height / age (-0.99) of children were found to be directly related to the mother's stature (-0.82), prenatal consultations (-0,43), geographic stratum (-0.41) and per capita income (-0.42). Inverse relationships between variables relating to children and households/rooms (0.44), indicates the higher the number of people per room, the poorer is the nutritional status. The 2nd FC, the maternal BMI (-0.48) was related to the children´s BMI / age and retinol. There was a strong association among mothers and children in relation to anemia, VAD and anthropometric markers. As women gained weight so did their children and underweight women tended to have children with VAD. VAD is considered as a public health problem in Pernambuco. It is still a discriminant in health status of the families residing in rural areas.
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Parraga, Isabel M. „Dietary beliefs, nutritional patterns and nutritional status of urban Aymara women and children“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056381553.
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10
Holt, Rachel Corliss. „PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM“. UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/542.
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Literature shows that nutritional deficiency and feeding behaviors in neurodevelopmentally disabled children is secondary to an underdeveloped gastrointestinal tract. Fifty (50) parents with children with autism responded to a Nutritional Perception Assessment that they believe their children are at adequate nutritional status. They reported confidence in their nutritional knowledge, yet admitted to concern about the nutritional status of their children. The survey revealed that parents are not seeing a registered dietitian for their nutritional advice, leading to the question of soundness in nutritional information received. A marginal correlation was found between belief in adequate nutritional status of children and the use of credible sources for nutritional information, p=0.0429. Data from twenty-five 24-hour recalls was entered into the MyPyramid Food Tracker to determine nutritional status, which was compared to Daily Recommended Intakes (DRIs), showing adequate nutrient consumption.
11
Gharib, Nadia Mohamed. „Assessment of nutritional status of school children in Bahrain“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614371.
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12
Nwagboso, Goodluck Chinyere. „An evaluation of the nutritional status of refugee children in Namibia“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The worsening humanitarian situation in Angola and the great lakes due to protracted wars, led to an influx of refugees in Namibia since 1992. The peak of the influx was between 1999-2002 when the camp population reached 25,000 people. Among the many challenges faced by these refugees was their health and nutrition. Malnutrition accounted for high levels of morbidity and mortality among the refugees. This study covered a review of health and nutritional situation of children less than five years of age in Osire refugee camp. It proposed that prevalence of malnutrition among this age group is a proxy for the nutritional status of the refugee population. It also considered the factors prevalent in the camp that affect the nutrition of the children.
13
Onyango, Adelheid Werimo. „Household headship and the nutritional status of children in western Kenya“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59422.
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This study examines how income, household division of power and maternal decision-making ability influence dietary intake and child morbidity. A sample of 154 households with children between one and three years was drawn from six villages in Busia District, western Kenya. Information on household and maternal characteristics, morbidity, dietary intake and anthropometry was gathered between July and November 1988. Household headship was found to have no significant or direct influence on children's nutritional status. Total income was higher in female-headed households. While women in male-headed households had greater financial responsibility for household maintenance, female heads of household assumed more farming responsibilities but had higher remittances from husbands. A measure of maternal differentiation was generated by principal components analysis, constituted mainly by schooling, language ability, nutrition knowledge and information seeking behaviour. Differentiation had a strong impact in lowering morbidity and was a significant predictor of greater dietary diversity and weaning practices that supported better child nutrition and growth.
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Ferreira, Pamela Fantinel. „REPERCUSSÕES DA ESTIMULAÇÃO SENSÓRIO-MOTORA ORAL NO CRESCIMENTO E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS NASCIDAS PRÉ-TERMO“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6553.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorObjective: to verify the growth, nutritional status, the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary foods in preterm infants which participated in a program of sensory-oral motor stimulation during the neonatal period. Methodology: 36 infants between 9 and 23 months of corrected age were enrolled. Of total, 21 received sensory-oral motor stimulation and 15 were controls. The assessment of growth and nutritional status included: anthropometric measurements (weight, length, head circumference and triceps skinfold thickness), body composition analysis (Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA)) and biochemical evaluation. We also investigated the breastfeeding duration, the age and difficulties to introduce complementary foods and some family and maternal variables. Results: Most of infants had weight and length appropriate for age and sex, however there was a significant reduction in the percentage of stimulated infants with length and head circumference below the 10th percentile in relation to birth, compared with controls. The results from BIA were similar in both groups, with phase angle values equivalent to those found in term and healthy infants. Serum iron was lower in stimulated infants compared with controls (p<0,05). No significant differences were found for the others biochemical values. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 14.3% in stimulated infants and in 6.7% of controls (p>0.05). 52.4% of the stimulated infants were breastfeeding compared with 40% of controls. The duration of breastfeeding was 88.6 ± 72.3 days and 101.67 ± 67.3 days for stimulated and controls infants, respectively. The complementary foods were introduced before six month of age, in both groups, with a higher percentage of difficulties in controls. Conclusion: Sensory-oral motor stimulation had no influence in the infant s nutritional status, but it showed a positive influence in length and head circumference since there was a significant reduction in the percentage of stimulated infants under 10th percentile for this variables.
Objetivos: verificar o crescimento, o estado nutricional, a introdução dos alimentos complementares, a prevalência e a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo em crianças nascidas pré-termo participantes de um programa de estimulação sensório-motora oral (ESMO), no período neonatal. Metodologia: Amostra composta por 36 crianças, com idades entre 9 e 23 meses de idade corrigida. Do total, 21 receberam ESMO (GE) e 15 foram controles (GC). A avaliação do crescimento e estado nutricional incluiu: avaliação antropométrica (peso, comprimento, perímetro cefálico e dobra cutânea tricipital), análise da composição corporal (Bioimpedância elétrica (BIA)) e avaliação bioquímica. Foi investigada também a duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo, época de introdução dos alimentos complementares, dificuldades na introdução e algumas variáveis maternas e familiares. Resultados: A maioria das crianças apresentou peso e estatura adequados para a idade e sexo, no entanto houve uma redução significativa no percentual de crianças com comprimento e perímetro cefálico abaixo do percentil 10, em relação ao nascimento, no GE. Os resultados obtidos através da BIA foram semelhantes entre os grupos, sendo os valores do ângulo de fase semelhantes aos encontrados em crianças nascidas a termo e saudáveis. O ferro sérico foi menor nas crianças do GE quando comparadas as controles (p<0,05). As demais variáveis bioquímicas não mostraram diferenças significantes entre os grupos. A prevalência de anemia ferropriva foi de 14,3% no GE e de 6,7% no GC (p>0,05). Aleitamento materno exclusivo ocorreu em 52,4% das crianças do GE e em 40% das do GC, sendo a duração do mesmo de 88,6 (±72,3) dias para o GE e 101,67 (±67,3) dias para GC. A introdução da alimentação complementar ocorreu em média antes dos 6 meses, nos dois grupos, sendo que um percentual maior de crianças do GC apresentou algum tipo de dificuldade, nesta introdução. Conclusão: Embora a ESMO não tenha interferido no estado nutricional das crianças avaliadas, parece ter influenciado positivamente no comprimento e perímetro cefálico, uma vez que houve uma redução significante no percentual de crianças com crescimento menor do que o percentil 10 para estas variáveis, no grupo que recebeu estimulação motora-oral, no período neonatal.
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Ahmed, Fayyaz Shaikh Teera Ramasoota. „Factors affecting nutritional status of five years old children in Islamabad, Pakistan /“. Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd399/4937997.pdf.
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COMANDINI, ORNELLA. „NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOLING CHILDREN IN TANZANIA AND UGANDA: RESEARCH AND ACTION“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/248618.
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Malnutrition affects millions of children worldwide. With its different faces – undernutrition and overnutrition – it is the result of several determinants, such as the lack/surplus of adequate food, life-style, mother’s low education, socio-economic situation. For this reason, any research on this issue should be tackled with a wide approach.
The primary goal of this thesis was to monitor the nutritional status of Ugandan and Tanzanian children attending some primary schools and analyze related factors. We dealt with the lack or misreporting of birth data, a widespread phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa, which affects the possibility to correctly evaluate nutritional status. We have promoted, with Bhalobasa NGO, awareness campaigns and projects, in Africa and in Italy, on the importance of nutrition for a proper child growth.
What follows are the results of each specific action.
Insufficient or imprecise birth data: using data retrieved from international surveys (DHS and MICS) we noticed a selection bias favouring children with a valid and complete date of birth that can lead to underestimate undernutrition prevalence up to 28%. Moreover, information bias and errors, that more likely affect unregistered children, contribute to expanding the underestimation of undernutrition even further, a variation that decreases with child age.
In the schools investigated, the age data quality presented differences. Indeed, while in Tanzanian we found a good knowledge of age (95% of children have age data, with a mean age error of 0.4 month), information on age was available only for 79.8% of Ugandan children, with a mean age error of 7.5 months. Hence, also our samples have been affected by an unintentional selection bias since we have been forced to exclude a percentage of the children measured for the lack of their birth data.
This situation has compelled us to consider the effect of age bias on malnutrition prevalences thus observing that stunting is overestimated, overweight is underestimated, wasting and underweight are not affected by age imprecision.
Assessment: We have assessed the nutritional status of 1254 children, 423 in Tanzania and 831 in Uganda, in five schools with different social, cultural and environmental characteristics.
Bumbire island (Tanzania) children show high levels of undernutrition (stunting = 31%; underweight = 13%), which are, however, lower than those reported in the national statistics (TDHS, 2011), while overnutrition is rare.
In Ugandan schools, levels of undernutrition are high (stunting = 13%; underweight = 6%), but they are lower than the national data on under five children (UDHS, 2011). In both countries we have detected differences in malnutrition prevalence within age classes, with older children presenting more undernutrition (especially stunting) and less overnutrition. The 1-year longitudinal analysis showed a quite stable level of most of the nutritional indicators in Tanzania, a reduction of wasting and underweight prevalence in Uganda, and a worsening of stunting in both countries.
Awareness actions: in Africa, we organized meetings with teachers, nurses and caregivers on the importance of nutrition for a proper growth of a child; we have trained teachers and nurses in monitoring children growth. The response has been enthusiastic, and all the people involved have shown interest and actively participated to the workshops and discussions. In Italy, we have organized meetings with students, a specific project with the inhabitants of a small town (Lunamatrona, CA), and also trained Bhalobasa volunteers so to make themselves able to train teachers and nurses, with whom they collaborate in different countries, on issues related to children malnutrition. We believe that these actions, which have all produced good results, should be continued in the future, until each school will be able to promote and carry out their own project.
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Peter, Mramba Rosemary. „Nutritional Status of Children as an Indicator of Bushmeat Utilization in Western Serengeti“. Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13147.
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Serengeti ecosystem supports great number of large mammals ranging from grazers, browsers and carnivores. Some of these animals migrate between seasonal water sources and grasslands. The human population in the western boundary of the park is currently high and increases at the rate of 4% per annum. Majority of local communities are subsistence farmers who derive their needs such as bush meat from the park. The purpose of the study was to test if bush meat utilization contributes to nutritional improvement of local communities around Serengeti National Park. Three villages were selected at random along a gradient of distance from Serengeti National Park and Lake Victoria and a control village from Dodoma Region in Tanzania. One hundred households were selected at random from each village and interviewed. Weight and height of children aged 3 to 12 years from the selected households were measured. Anthropometric data were analyzed by WHO AntrhoPlus software while questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS for windows version 18. The results revealed significant differences in the number of undernourished children from the villages which were in western Serengeti compared to the control village. Consumption of bushmeat was significantly higher in the villages which were close to the park compared to the village which was further away from the park. Fish consumption was higher than bushmeat in the village which was close to both park and Lake Victoria and negatively correlated with bushmeat meals, while consumption of livestock meat was higher in the control village. No significant relationship between nutritional status of children and number of bushmeat meals observed, but there was a negative relationship between nutritional status and distance from the park/lake and the price of bushmeat. The study also revealed significant relationship between level of education of the parent and the body mass index of the children.
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Dwivedi, Garima. „The association of breast feeding and nutritional status of children 13-36 months of age /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56652.
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Previous studies failed to report benefits of prolonged breast feeding on nutritional status. A nationally representative sample of 1411 children from Sri Lanka (1987) was used to compare breast feeders versus non breast feeders, as well as duration of breast feeding, through multivariate analyses for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores. Analyses of interaction showed prolonged breast feeding to be advantageous among children of working mothers, and children from households using an unimproved water supply. For example, children 35 months of age, breast fed for 24 versus 8 months were 0.9 centimetres (95% confidence interval; +0.0, 1.8) taller if mothers worked and 420 grams (140, 690) heavier if households used an unimproved water supply. Among uneducated mothers breast fed children were 1.3 cm (2.2, 3.3) shorter than non breast fed children. Prolonged breast feeding should be encouraged as it is advantageous for the nutritional status of certain subgroups of children older than 12 months of age.
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Owen, Helen Jennifer. „The effect of orphanhood on the health and nutritional status of children in Zimbabwe“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443836.
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Osei, Jennifer. „Potential contribution of African leafy vegetables to the nutritional status of children / J. Osei“. Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9191.
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Background: Children in South Africa are still affected by micronutrient deficiencies and children living in farm communities are especially vulnerable. African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) are well endowed with micronutrients such as iron, zinc and vitamin A and might contribute to the nutritional status of children. However, these vegetables have been perceived as “poor people’s food” and over the years knowledge of and use of ALVs has decreased.
Aim: This study assessed the potential contribution of ALVs to the nutritional status of children in a semi-rural farm community.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, anthropometric indices, serum iron, zinc and retinol concentrations were determined in school children aged 5−13 years (n=155). Dietary intake of iron, zinc and vitamin A was evaluated by three 24-hour diet recalls of children (n=154). The iron, zinc and β-carotene content of selected ALVs was determined. Knowledge of and use of ALVs by primary caregivers was established using focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, the Pearson Chi-Square Test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used. Anthropometric data were analysed using the World Health Organization Reference 2007 data. Dietary data were analysed using FoodFinder (version 3). Qualitative data from FGDs were translated, transcribed and color-coded to generate emerging themes.
Results: Stunting (11%) was the most prevalent anthropometric indicator of malnutrition. This was supported by the low socio-economic status of households. Deficiency prevalence in iron (serum ferritin <15 μg/L; 15.5%) and vitamin A (serum retinol <20 μg/dL; 3.2%) was low. Zinc deficiency was the most prevalent (serum zinc <65 μg/dL; 74.8%) deficiency. Median dietary intake of iron, zinc and vitamin A was generally above the Estimated Average Requirement. ALVs were potentially good sources of iron, zinc and β-carotene and could contribute substantially to the Recommended Dietary Allowance for these nutrients in children, without taking into account inhibiting factors that might affect the bioavailability. Iron content of the ALVs studied ranged from 1.4−3.2 mg/100 g edible portion. Amaranthus cruentus was the best source of iron. Zinc content of the ALVs ranged from 0.7−1.4 mg/100g edible portions, with Cleome gynandra having the highest zinc composition. The β-carotene content of the ALVs ranged from 182−314 μg RAE/100 g edible portion, with both Amaranthus cruentus and Cleome gynandra being the best sources. Knowledge of ALVs and their use was indigenous and was transferred between generations. Caregivers had positive attitudes towards the use of ALVs.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of deficiencies was not severe (with exception of zinc deficiency), micronutrient deficiencies exist in the rural farm community studied. ALVs are potentially good sources of iron, zinc and β-carotene and might contribute to the nutritional status of school children. Knowledge of ALVs and the positive attitude and perceptions regarding their use by primary caregivers implied a potentially positive future response to interventions promoting consumption of ALVs in order to contribute to the alleviation of micronutrient deficiencies.Thesis (MSc (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
21
Bajaj, Honey. „Design of mobile health tools for assessment of health and nutritional status in children“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113507.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 71).
Introduction and Motivation: In India, more than 700,000 accredited social health activists (ASHAs) are women selected and trained to work between members of their communities and the public health system. In spite of much advancement in screening tools and best practices in the healthcare system to date, service for members of the bottom of the pyramid remains largely unchanged. ASHA workers need user friendly tools and job aids that would enable them to -- Conduct health-care screenings and consultations -- Educating communities on basic health-care practices -- Confidence to advise medical referrals for patients. Most of the existing solutions designed and deployed in the field ignore issues like context of rural/urban settings (language, living conditions), digital illiteracy, and portability. Proposed Solution: Mobile Kit for Assessment of Child Health and Nutrition In order to address the problem described above, the Mobile Technology Group, headed by Dr. Fletcher, is developing a smart phone based kit that will assist with the basic tasks that an ASHA health worker is required to perform. These measurements include: -- Baby's weight -- Baby's height -- Baby's thermal regulation (which is an indicator of health) -- Baby's cardiovascular health (heart rate, pulse oximetry) - Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), which is an indicator of the nutritional status. The electronics and computer software for these tools is being implemented by another graduate student, Xavier Soriano. However, I am responsible for the product design, interaction design, and evaluation of the technology. Primary Research Objectives: 1. To help design the non-invasive mobile based tools for assessing and health and nutritional status of children under 5 years to be used by community health workers in urban poor settlements of India 2. To test, evaluate and assess the ease of use of these tools by community health workers
by Honey Bajaj.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
22
Badrialaily, Jutatip Sillabutra. „Nutritional status and related factors among elementary school students in Banda Aceh Municipality, Nangroe Aceh Darussalam province, Indonesia /“. Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5037987.pdf.
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Vieira, Peixoto André Ana Lúcia. „Socioeconomic status and biological factors on the nutritional health of an urban community of Cape Verdean children residing in Portugal“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25994.
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Background and aims: Southern European countries have been showing high overweight and obesity (OW/OB) rates especially among the younger generations (Cattaneo et al. 2010). Portugal is one of those countries with 37.9% overweight and 15.3% obesity in 6 to 8 year olds (Rito et al. 2012). However little is known about the health of ethnic minorities living in its capital city, Lisbon. The Cape Verdean community in Lisbon, the second largest group in Portugal, would be expected to be more affected by this epidemic due to social inequalities. This community also tend to have low educational levels, material deprivation and struggle with discrimination and racism, factors that would likely be associated with a higher prevalence of OW/OB. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of Cape Verdean ancestry children aged 6 to 12 years old living in Lisbon according to their socioeconomic status, general living conditions, family composition, diet and physical activity levels. To compare the findings with previous projects conducted in 1993 and 2009 in the same location with Cape Verdean ancestry children and with Portuguese ancestry children (national study conducted in 2009). To determine what early life factors have significant effect on these children's nutritional health. Methods : Physical measures and household information were collected from November 2013 to February 2014 in Cova da Moura Neighbourhood in Lisbon. Physical measures included height, weight, skinfolds, arm and waist circumferences. From these survey data body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of stunting (chronic malnutrition - low height-for- age) and underweight (low-weight-for-age) were calculated according to reference values proposed by Frisancho (2008). Overweight and obesity values were defined based on the references established by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), CDC, and WHO depending on the specific aim or research question. Results: Results show this is a very deprived community with low educational levels and mostly employed in the service sector. Maternal height and child birth order showed a significant association with child's height. Moreover maternal height and age are associated with child leg length. Living in a single parent family is associated with an increase in child BMI of 1.412 units when accounting for maternal waist circumference. Also significant differences in height for boys and girls were observed between Cape Verdean and Portuguese children. Generally, Cape Verdeans growth falls within the healthy range of International growth references across all of the survey data collected. Cape Verdean rates for combined over nutrition (overweight and obesity) in 2013 (9.8% for boys and 16.7% for girls) are lower than the Portuguese (33% for boys and 31.7% for girls). Logistic regression models showed that Cape Verdean children have a lower risk of being OW/OB compared to Portuguese children when accounting for breastfeeding,birth weight,maternal education and occupation. Conclusions : Despite living in a deprived neighbourhood these Cape Verdean children seem to have grown healthier than Portuguese ancestry children. The challenge for policy makers will be to support improvement of the poverty related living conditions of this community without creating a risky environment for increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.
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Mohammed, Najat K. „Nuclear techniques applied to biological samples from Tanzania to monitor the nutritional status of children“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843240/.
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Samples of two staple foods (rice and maize flour) which were locally cultivated in different regions and are consumed by children in Tanzania were analysed to determine the levels of essential and toxic elements as a possible criterion to identify food varieties with more bioavailable nutrients. Short irradiation Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was applied to food samples and Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) analysis was used as a complementary technique for the determination of P, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, and Cd that could not be determined by short irradiation INAA. The concentrations of .Na, Mg, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and I were determined in food samples using a combination of both techniques. The concentrations of elements in both foods were in the range of the elemental levels reported in the literature. However, concentrations of P, which is an indicator of the anti-nutrition compound phytic acid, were found to be high. Methods of reducing phytic acid in a meal are reviewed and suggested. Rice from two regions reported to be the major cultivators of rice in Tanzania (Mbeya and Morogoro) showed similar elemental mean concentration levels. However, rice cultivated in Mbeya was found to have more bioavailable Fe than rice from Morogoro. Hair samples from children living in three regions in Tanzania were analysed as a bio-indicator of their nutrition and health. The samples were analysed by short and long irradiation INAA. Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Eu, Fe, Hf, I, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Th, U, V, Zn were determined in varying concentrations depending on geographic location, environmental exposures and food consumption habits. The mean hair concentrations of the elements in this study were comparable to the published elemental levels of healthy children of the same age group. However, the mean concentrations of Zn in samples from the mainland part of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam and Moshi) were lower than the values reported in the literature. Mean concentration of Al, which needed further follow up, was found to be considerably higher in hair samples from children in Moshi compared to the values reported in literature. Radioactivity measurements were carried out in samples of rice and maize flour from Tanzania using low-level gamma spectrometry. The specific activities of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were in the same range as the values in foods from uncontaminated soils reported in the literature. The specific activities of the radionuclides were found to be higher in maize flour than rice cultivated in the same region. The calculated total committed effective dose due to the consumption of rice and maize to children of age 7 -12 years in Tanzania was found to be less than the annual dose guideline of 1 mSv recommended by ICRP.
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Yousafzai, Aisha Khizar. „The nutritional status of disabled children living in Dharavi, an Indian urban slum in Mumbai“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248078.
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Chigali, Lillian Malambo. „Factors associated with nutritional status of children aged six to fifty-nine months in Livingstone, Zambia“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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A matched case-control study was carried out to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of children in Livingstone district, Zambia. A trained field researcher collected data on demographic, feeding practices and socio-economic factors in matched groups of underweight children and normal weight children from the mothers/caregivers of the children. Interviews, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, were used to obtain the data. All children aged from six to fifty-nine months admitted at Livingstone General Hospital during the months of October to December, 2003 with a weight for age below &ndash2SD from the median of the reference population formed the underweight children (cases). The total was 47 children. The cases were then matched according to sex and age to 47 normal weight children attending the under five clinic at Livingstone General Hospital during the same months, with a weight for age above &ndash
2SD from the median of the reference population (controls). The final sample was 94 children. Weights were recorded using the same scale in the outpatient&rsquo
s department prior to admission and during the under five clinic session. Interviews then took place in a separate room after the clinic nurse had attended them. A separate visit was then made to the homes of the children on a different day. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure strengths of associations. Results revealed that the basic causes of underweight were the poor economic state of the country, unfavorable policies and insufficient government support in the areas of health, education, agriculture, housing and employment. Underlying causes were inadequate access to food, inadequate care of children, poor access to health services and unhealthy living environments, while immediate causes were poor food intake and disease. Low educational and literacy levels of the mothers/caregivers, unemployment and lack of sufficient finances to access basic necessities such as food, housing and health contributed to underweight.
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Kunaratnam, Kanita. „Like Mother, Like Child: Maternal and Child Factors Associated with Diet and Weight Status Among Preschool Children“. Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21486.
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According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 25% of 2-4 year olds and 28% of 5-7 year olds were classified as overweight/obese in 2017-18. In recent years, there has been particular interest in how mothers influence young children’s eating behaviour, as they are frequently the primary-care givers during infancy and play a pivotal role at mealtimes from food purchasing, preparation and food habits. This thesis hence aimed to evaluate early life eating behaviors and obesity risk by investigating child and maternal factors in the preschool years. This research investigated: preschoolers’ diet quality; mother-child dietary intakes; trends in dietary behaviour and predictors of childhood obesity using information from an existing dataset, collected as part of the Healthy Beginnings Trial (HBT), a trial to test the effectiveness of an early childhood obesity intervention during the first two years of life. HBT data was used to examine nutritional outcomes in preschool children and associated changes in weight status over time. Key findings were i) the Diet Quality Index developed for Australian pre-schoolers has good reliability but limited validity; ii) two year old children’s diets were characterized by low vegetable consumption and high discretionary food intake with high-correlations between mother–child dietary intake; iii) maternal socio-economic status, in particular, young maternal age (<25 yrs.), low household income (<$40,000 /annum), and maternal country of birth (outside Australia) were associated with poor child diet quality in young children; iv) maternal overweight, maternal single parent status and child BMI at 2 years were key predictors of child obesity at 3.5 years, while child BMI at 3.5 years was the only predictor of child overweight/obesity at 5 years. The findings suggest that mothers may play a pivotal role in shaping early dietary behaviours predisposing obesity risk and findings can inform future interventions.
28
Canepa, Alberto. „Intracellular free amino acids and nutritional status in children with chronic renal failure on different treatments /“. Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/20010611cane/.
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Harding, Kimberly. „Dietary intakes and nutritional status of rural Ghanaian children: are season and attending daycare important determinants?“ Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32578.
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High rates of malnutrition among Ghanaian children indicate the need to examine determinants of diet and nutritional status in this population. This study examined differences in the diets of children 2-5 y of age associated with: 1) pre- to post-harvest season changes in rural northern Ghana (n=190) and 2) attendance at daycare centres (DCC) with informal school feeding programs in rural mid-country Ghana (n=193). Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect dietary (24-hour recall), morbidity and demographic information. Although diets improved with the post-harvest season, illness increased and acute nutritional status deteriorated which were likely due to unexpected severe flooding prior to post-harvest data collection. Children who attended DCC had higher daily intakes of energy, protein, calcium, iron and zinc than their non-DCC counterparts. These findings provide important insights into determinants of diet and nutritional status among Ghanaian children as well as a potential mechanism for improving diets in this population.Des taux élevés de malnutrition parmi enfants ghanéens indiquent le besoin d'examiner les déterminants d'alimentation et de nutrition dans cette population. Cette étude a examiné les différences d'alimentation des enfants âgés 2 à 5 ans associées avec : 1) les changements avant et âpres-saison moisson dans le canton nord du Ghana (n=190) et 2) la présence aux garderies (DCC) qui se comprennent des programs non-officiels d'alimentation au milieu du pays (n=193). Des questionnaires administrés par des interviewers étaient utilisés pour collecter information diététique (rappel 24-heur), de morbidité et démographique. Bien que l'alimentation s'est améliorée lors de l'âpres-saison moisson, les maladies se sont augmentées et le statu aigu nutritionnel s'est détérioré, lesquels il est probable étaient en raison des inondations sévères inattendues avant que l'information d'âpres-moisson aie été collecté. La consommation d'énergie, protéine, calcium, fer et zinc parmi les enfants qui se présentaient aux garderies était plus élevée que celle des ses homologues. Ces découvertes apportent des aperçus importants à propos des déterminants du statu nutritionnel et d'alimentation des enfants ghanéens, et aussi des mécanismes potentiels pour améliorer l'alimentation de cette population.
30
Kemmer, Teresa M. „Iron deficiency anemia in refugee children from Burma : a policy proposal /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6595.
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Yngve, Agneta. „Intake of fruit and vegetables in European children and their mothers, folate intake in Swedish children and health indicators : overweight, plasma homocysteine levels and school performance /“. Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-555-0/.
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Linjewile-Marealle, Navoneiwa. „Oral health and nutritional status of the children under five years, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Maseru, Lesotho“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1437_1190193126.
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The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status between well and malnourished children under five years old attending Mother and Child Health clinic in Queen Elizabeth II Hospital in Maseru, Lesotho.
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Taljaard, Christine. „Effect of a micronutrient-fortified beverage on cognition and nutritional status of primary school children / C. Taljaard“. Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9217.
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Childhood micronutrient deficiencies have negative effects on cognition. Little is known about the effects of combined consumption of micronutrients and sugar on growth and cognitive function.
The aim of this thesis was to 1) investigate the effects of micronutrients and sugar, alone and in combination, in a beverage, on growth and cognition in South African children and 2) review recent evidence on iron status and anaemia prevalence in South African children since the National Food Consumption Survey-Fortification Baseline-2005 (NFCS-FB-2005).
Children (n = 408, 6−11 years) were randomly allocated to a beverage containing 1) micronutrients with sugar, 2) micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener, 3) no micronutrients with sugar, or 4) no micronutrients with non-nutritive sweetener for 8.5 months. Cognition was assessed using sub-tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-II. Growth was assessed as weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age and body-mass-index-for-age z-scores.
Relevant internet search engines identified studies reporting iron status of South African children after 2005. Secondary analysis was conducted on NFCS-FB-2005 provincial data for children 7−9 years old.
Positive intervention effects were observed for micronutrients (0.76; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.42) and sugar (0.71; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.37) on Atlantis (measure learning ability), and sugar on Rover (measure simultaneous processing) (0.72; 96% CI: 0.08, 1.35) test scores. Attenuating micronutrient x sugar interactions were observed on Atlantis, Number Recall (measure sequential processing) and Rover test performance. Micronutrients or sugar alone lowered WAZ. In combination, this effect was attenuated (significant micronutrient x sugar interaction).
Four studies from four different provinces were identified. All reported lower anaemia prevalence than the NFCS-FB-2005 (KwaZulu-Natal (11.5% vs 14.4%), North West (6.9% vs 27%) Western Cape (17.2% vs 18.8%) and Northern Cape (5.4% vs 22.2%).
A beverage fortified with micronutrients or added sugar had beneficial effects on cognition, but a lowering effect on WAZ in the children. Unexpectedly, the combination of micronutrients and sugar attenuated these effects. In the identified studies, anaemia prevalence in school-aged children was lower than reported in the NFCS-FB-2005.Thesis (PhD (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
34
Jeannot, Lovemine. „Use of National and International Standards in Assessing the Growth and Nutritional Status of Rural Indian Children“. Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/317259.
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Public HealthM.S.
This study compares anthropometry of rural Indian schoolchildren using national and international reference values, and explores association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and growth measures among rural children. A cross-sectional survey of height, weight, and BMI was conducted among schoolchildren (5-16 years) in Gujarat, where there were pre-established contacts who could facilitate access to schools and data collection for this study. Gender- and age-specific Z-scores were obtained for 519 children (234 girls, 285 boys) based on Indian reference values (Khadilkar et al., 2009) using an Excel® macro. Percentages of children stunted (height-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), underweight (weight-for-age less than or equal to -2SD), and wasted (BMI-for-age less than or equal to -2SD) were obtained (Khadilkar & Khadilkar, 2011). Children falling between adult Indian BMI levels 23 and 28 kg/m2 were considered overweight, and those above 28 kg/m2 were considered obese. Those stunted (height-for-age + 1SD), and obese (BMI > +2SD) were generated similarly using the WHO International Growth Standards (WHO, 2015). Regression analyses were conducted to model the relationship between growth measures, determined using national references, and predictor variables: age, gender, school, and caste. 21%, 23.1%, 8.9%, 2.7% and 0.2% of children were respectively stunted, underweight, wasted, overweight and obese based on Indian References and recommendations, and 27 %, 8.7%, 6.4% and 2.7 % respectively stunted, wasted, overweight and obese based on WHO Standards and recommendations. School was found to have significant interaction with all growth measures (P <.0001) and age had a significant interaction with height-for-age (P = 0.05). The current level of undernutrition, and emerging problems of overnutrition, in this study highlight a need to concentrate efforts to improve nutrition of Indian schoolchildren in rural areas.
Temple University--Theses
35
Nesamvuni, Alufheli Edgar. „The effectiveness of micronutrient fortification of maize meal in improving the nutritional status of children / Alufheli Edgar Nesamvuni“. Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/292.
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Kakpovbia, Voké. „Is feeding style associated with dietary intake and nutritional status in Ghanaian children 1-3 years of age?“ Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92410.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, childhood malnutrition may be attributed in part to sub-optimal feeding practices. This study examined the relationship between caregiver feeding styles and child dietary intake and nutritional status in two regions of Ghana. Events during one meal for children 1-3 y of age were observed in households in the Techiman (n=60) and Kassena Nankana districts (n=71). A multi-item feeding behavior instrument was used to code caregiver actions. All served foods and all food not consumed by the child were weighed. In addition, child anthropometric measurements were taken and household demographic information documented. Caregiver feeding behavior was categorized by degree of responsiveness. Responsive feeding behavior was a predictor of energy intake of a meal, but not nutritional status. Caregivers in Techiman were more likely to remove the child's food following a refusal. Practical interventions are needed to help caregivers learn to respond effectively to their young children during feeding.En Afrique Sub-Saharienne, des pratiques alimentaire inadéquates sont en partie la cause de la malnutrition infantile. Cette étude se penche sur la relation entre les pratiques alimentaires des parents et/ou personnes s'occupants d'eux (PPE), l'apport alimentaire et l'état nutritionnel des enfants dans deux régions du Ghana. Le déroulement d'un repas ainsi que les pratiques alimentaires ont été observés dans les familles ayant des enfants âgés d'un à trois ans dans deux districts: Techiman (n=60) et Kassena Nankana (n=71). Un instrument permettant de coder les comportements des PPE au moment d'alimenter leurs enfants a été utilisé. La nourriture servie ainsi que celle n'ayant pas été consommée par l'enfant ont été pesées. Des mesures anthropométriques ont été collectées et l'information démographique a été documentée. Les pratiques alimentaires des PPE étaient catégorisées par degré de réactivité. La réactivité des PPE pouvait prédire l'apport énergétique d'un repas, mais pas l'état nutritionnel. Les PPE à Techiman étaient plus portés à retirer aux enfants leur nourriture après un refus de la part de ces derniers. Des interventions pratiques sont nécessaires pour aider les PPE apprend à répondre efficacement à leurs enfants pendant l'alimentation.
37
Rousham, Emily Kate. „The effect of regular deworming on the growth, health and nutritional status of pre-school children in Bangladesh“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240066.
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SPOLIDORO, GIULIA CARLA IMMACOLATA. „NUTRITIONAL STATUS, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND METABOLIC MONITORING IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN: THE NEW PERSPECTIVE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/829333.
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Nutrition plays a pivotal role in all humans. As early as during foetal life, a correct nutrition has the power to influence the development of organs and tissues, ultimately setting the basis for a healthy life. In critically ill children the risk of malnutrition is of particular importance. Accordingly, an appropriate monitoring of nutritional status and metabolic response, along with the correct assessment of energy requirements and energy balance, is gaining growing clinical relevance as a fundamental prognostic factor and should be considered a specific target in the management of critically ill children. The first step for a tailored nutritional support is the knowledge of patients’ resting energy expenditure (REE). Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for REE measurement, however, its clinical use is limited across the world for both logistic and technical limitations. Alternatively, REE can be estimated using predictive equations, but this method has been found to be highly inaccurate in pediatric patients. Recent data pointed out that artificial neural networks (ANN) might represent a precise and accurate method to estimate REE in healthy and obese children. However, specific data regarding the applicability of the methodology on critically ill subjects are still missing. This thesis aimed to investigate the potential role of ANN on REE prediction for critically ill children by applying ANN to a dataset containing data on IC performed in our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We prospect that data derived from our observations could lead to a more accurate estimation of REE and to a better understanding of the energy requirements of critically ill children.
39
El-Ashwah, Zeinab Saleh. „An economic investigation of the impact of maternal socio-economic factors on nutritional status of preschool children in Egypt“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316327.
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Kruger, Rozanne. „Feeding practices and nutritional status of children (aged 0 to 3 years) in two clinics in the Moretele district“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24066.
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Cox, Mary Elisabeth. „Hunger in war and peace : an analysis of the nutritional status of women and children in Germany, 1914-1924“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ee686ab-fc46-43ab-a3fa-ca8253ea1826.
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At the onset of the First World War, Germany was subject to a shipping embargo by the Allied forces. Ostensibly military in nature, the blockade prevented not only armaments but also food and fertilizers from entering Germany. The impact of this blockade on civilian populations has been debated ever since. Germans protested that the Allies had wielded hunger as a weapon against women and children with devastating results, a claim that was hotly denied by the Allies. The impact of what the Germans termed the 'Hungerblockade' on childhood nutrition can now be assessed using various anthropometric sources on school children, several of which are newly discovered. Statistical analysis reveals a grim truth: German children suffered severe malnutrition due to the blockade. Social class impacted risk of deprivation, with working-class children suffering the most. Surprisingly, they were the quickest to recover after the war. Their rescue was fuelled by massive food aid organized by the former enemies of Germany, and delivered cooperatively with both government and civil society. Children, and those who cared for them, responded to these acts of service with gratitude and joy. The ability of former belligerents to work together after an exceptionally bitter war to feed impoverished children may hold hope for the future.
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Khanum, Parveen A. Gray Alan Noel. „Nutritional status of children in Khulna and Sylhet divisions in Bangladesh : a comparative analysis from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 1996-97 /“. Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-ParveenA.pdf.
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Zidron, Amy M. „The Impact of Orphanhood on Luo Children“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1220921226.
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Dalton, Annalien. „Development and effect of an N-3 fatty acid-rich spread on the nutritional and cognitive status of school children“. Thesis, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1119.
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Thesis (PhD (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the n-3 LCPUFA metabolic products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play an important role as regulators in many biological processes. To date hake (Merluccius capensis) heads, a rich source of EPA and DHA, have been discarded at sea. The South African Fisheries Policy Development Committee concerned with the environmental impact of this practice has rendered it undesirable. The high prevalence of under-nutrition amongst children in South Africa can be addressed by the supplementation of their diet with this unexploited fish source. The aim of the current study was to develop a microbiologically safe and sensory acceptable sandwich spread using fish flour prepared from fish heads, as a prime ingredient. The intervention trial aimed to compare the effects of an increased dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFA, specifically DHA, on the blood fatty acid levels and absenteeism (as indicator of immune function), as well as the cognitive status, of the subjects. The microbiological content of the sandwich spread was determined after storage for 20 d at 5°C and 15 d at 25°C. Sensory evaluation was performed by consumers (n = 95; M:F = 44:51; 6 – 9 yr) to determine acceptance of the five different flavours individually incorporated into the sandwich spread to mask the fishy note and to provide different flavour options. For the intervention trial subjects (n = 351) were stratified within class group (A - E) and gender and randomly assigned to two treatment categories, an experimental group (EG; n = 174) receiving 25 g sandwich spread.d-1 (191.66 mg DHA. d-1) and a control group (CG; n = 177) receiving an analogous placebo. On school days (104 d), each subject received two sandwiches consisting of two slices of bread (ca. 60 g), spread with 25 g of either the placebo or the experimental spread. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and post intervention. Plasma fatty acid and red blood cell (RBC) membrane status, C-reactive protein levels, as well as vitamin and micronutrient status, were determined. Trained test administrators conducted a battery of cognitive tests. According to South African Government health standards, the sandwich spread remained microbiologically safe after storage. Male and female consumer respondents revealed a significant difference between gender preferences of the five different spread flavours (p <0.05). Significant treatment effects (p <0.05) were observed in n-3 LCPUFA status of the EG, as well as for their absenteeism from school. The two subtests of the Hopkins Verbal Learning test, Recognition and Discrimination Index, showed significant differences between the EG and CG (p <0.05) post intervention in the Grade 2 subjects. The Spelling tests also showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). In the current study a microbiologically safe and sensory acceptable sandwich spread was developed and tested during an intervention trial, and could possibly in future, provide a healthier option in the School Nutritional Programme. This study proved that supplementation of children (6 - 9 yr) with n-3 LCPUFA, with specific reference to EPA and DHA from a marine source, could have a beneficial effect on their fatty acid status and absenteeism from school. Based on the outcomes of the Hopkins Verbal Learning test and Spelling test, the current study proved that an n-3 fatty acid-rich spread improved the learning ability and memory of children.
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Tabassum, Faiza. „Modelling growth trajectories of children : a longitudinal analysis of individual and household effects on children's nutritional status in rural Pakistan“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345594/.
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This thesis explores the pathways through which individual and household factors are associated with temporal changes in child nutritional status. In this study the concept of nutrition deprivation is used in two ways: firstly as indicated by the child's anthropometric measures, and secondly in terms of food consumption. The thesis also explores how nutritional deprivation is linked with economic deprivation. The main objectives of the study are: to examine the physical growth trajectories of children, to investigate the household's economic and nutritional (food) deprivations, to explore the determinants of child malnutrition, and finally to investigate the relationship between temporal changes in the poverty status of households and temporal changes in child nutritional status. The study uses the Pakistan Panel Data collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) from 1986-89, covering four rural districts of Pakistan. The study employs a comprehensive child health framework to establish the mechanism of child nutritional status by linking the various factors at child, household and community levels. This framework specifies poverty as the root cause of malnutrition. The basic need absolute poverty approach is used to work out the incidence and the dynamic nature of poverty. Various statistical modelling techniques for analysing the longitudinal data are used in this study. For example, to study the height and weight growth traectories of children a growth curve modelling technique is employed, and to study the determinants of child malnutrition a three-level hierarchical linear model for longitudinal data is used. The predicted average growth velocities indicate a slower growth during first year of child's life in comparison with the usual growth velocities amongst the normal children. However, in a particular cohort of children some evidence of growth acceleration is found during the third year of a child's life after a growth deceleration during the second year. Child level factors, such as breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhoea and morbidity, are found to explain most of the variability in child nutritional status. The results reveal dissimilarities in nutritional status between children in a household. The results also indicate associations between poverty and stunting while chronic poverty is found to be associated with wasting. The results indicate that caloric and protein consumption amongst the study households was notably high. However, food consumption patterns mostly revolve around the staple food, and even in the top expenditure quintile this pattern remains persistent.
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Dubuc, Alexandra. „Assessing the Nutritional Status and Adequacy of Energy and Protein Intakes of Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit“. Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40404.
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Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at high risk of malnutrition due to the stress of critical illness, and challenges with meeting nutrient needs. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition) at admission and discharge from the PICU and the adequacy of dietary intakes during PICU stay according to current practice guidelines. Sixty patients (median age 1.8y) were enrolled. Malnutrition (moderate-severe) was identified in 12% of patients at admission and 15% at discharge using weight-for-length and BMI-for-age z scores. Mid-upper arm circumference z score declined significantly (p=0.002) during PICU stay. Median (IQR) delivery of enteral energy and protein during the first 10 days was 64 (50-73)% and 62 (40-82)%, respectively, of prescribed goal. A total of 174 feeding interruptions were noted in 36 enterally fed patients. Malnutrition was present in the PICU and areas for improvement in nutrient delivery were identified.
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MacDougall, Caida. „Growth and nutritional status of formula-fed infants aged 2-10 weeks in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at the Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2573.
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Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.INTRODUCTION: Since the start of the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) Programme at Dr George Mukhari Hospital in 2001, there has been no evaluation of the effect of formula feeding on the growth and dietary intakes of enrolled infants. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the short-term growth, anthropometry and dietary intake of infants from two to ten weeks of age were entered into the PMTCT Programme at the Department of Human Nutrition at Dr George Mukhari Hospital from two to ten weeks of age. METHODS: This was a descriptive, longitudinal (eight weeks duration) study. Anthropometric assessment including length and head circumference was performed at two weeks of age and thereafter at ten weeks of age. Weight measurement was performed at age two weeks (visit 1), six weeks (visit 2) and ten weeks (visit 3). Anthropometric measurements were compared with CDC 20003 growth charts. Feeding practices and dietary intake (24 hour diet recall interview) were assessed at each of the four week interval visits and evaluated according to the DRIs59. At the third visit, a socio-demographic interview and a usual food intake interview were performed. RESULTS: A total of 151 [male (N = 75) and female (N = 76)] infants completed the study. A total of 110 (72%) mothers resided in the Soshanguve area and 138 (91%) of the mothers had attended high school. The majority (75%) of mothers was not generating an income from employment. Generally, mothers had access to safe drinking water and all (99%) but two mothers used pre-boiled water before preparing infant formula. The accuracy and correctness of reconstituting infant formula decreased with each visit as feeds were increasingly made too dilute. A total of 124 (82%) infants were exclusively formula fed. The remainder received water, water with sugar and/or complementary feeds. Mean energy and macronutrient intakes of both males (N = 65, 87%) and females (N = 61, 80%) were below recommendations at age two weeks. Of all the macronutrients, fats were consumed the least by both males (N = 67, 89%) and females (N = 66, 87%) at visit 1. Catch up growth was evident and nutrient intakes improved as the study progressed. The mean weight gain of all infants from visit 1 to 2 was 1.2 (SD 0.3) kg and 0.9 (SD 0.3) kg from visit 2 to 3 (exceeding the CDC 20003 recommendation for both male and female infants). The incidence of underweight, wasting and head circumference-for-age below the third percentile decreased from visit 1 to 3, but the number of stunted infants increased towards visit 3. The majority of infants in this study grew well in their first ten weeks of life. Growth accelerated as infants became older and growth faltering improved by ten weeks of age. CONCLUSION: Overall, the growth of the infants referred to the PMTCT Programme at the Department of Human Nutrition at Dr George Mukhari Hospital would appear to be adequate but mothers’ approach to formula feeding practices needs to be improved in some aspects of feeding their infants.
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Gayer, Debra A. „Family functioning, marital status, and coparental cooperation as predictors of mother's adherence to prescribed CF treatments /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841288.
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Pillay, Looventharee. „The development of a nutrition support protocol for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) : twenty case studies from Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE“. University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5636.
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Magister Scientiae (Nutrition Management) - MSc(NM)Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of childhood cancer accounting for approximately 25% of cancers diagnosed in children less than 20 years of age. It originates in the bone marrow and prevents the normal manufacture of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. A poor nutritional status is frequently observed in children with ALL at the time of diagnosis and during treatment which may result in protein energy malnutrition if nutrition intervention is delayed. This retrospective study aims to assess the nutritional status of children newly diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) using 20 case studies between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014 from Sheikh Khalifa Medical City (Abu Dhabi, UAE), in order to develop an appropriate nutritional support protocol for pediatric ALL patients treated at this institution. Study Design: A retrospective descriptive case study design was used. The study population consisted of 20 electronic medical records of patients aged between 1-14 years who were newly diagnosed with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and admitted to Sheikh Khalifa Medical City for treatment during the period 1 January 2012 and 31 Dec 2014. Data Collection: Identification of suitable participants began through a review of each potential study participant`s electronic medical record. Data was collected and recorded on a data collection form (Appendix III) from the electronic medical record for each suitable participant for the following at admission and during the full duration of all phases of cancer treatment namely induction, consolidation, interim maintenance, delayed intensification and maintenance. The data collected comprised of the following: age, gender, date of diagnosis, symptoms on diagnosis, the cancer diagnosis (type and subtype), anthropometric measurements (weight, length/ height, head circumference), biochemical values (visceral proteins, blood glucose levels, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte count), clinical assessment (stomatitis, anemia, mucositis), diet history (home feeding regimes; consumption of daily requirements; food preferences – types, textures; food allergies, food intolerances; food aversions; use of oral nutritional supplements; treatment-related side-effects; systemic related side-effects (nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; anorexia; appetite changes; taste changes; physical activity level; depression), dietary requirements (age and gender related nutritional requirements for energy, protein, fat and fluids) and indications for nutritional support (oral feeding; enteral feeding; parenteral feeding). Analysis of Results: The weights and length/ heights of participants recorded in the electronic medical records were converted to z-scores on the World Health Organization growth charts. The diet prescription of nutritional intervention was interpreted in comparison to the biochemical indices, anthropometric status and dietary intake of each participant. All the data involving changes in anthropometrics, biochemistry, diet history and nutritional interventions from each case study (from diagnosis and through all stages of treatment) was screened and compared with reference values in the context of the age and sex of the child. Evidence based nutritional guidelines were used to document the outcomes of the medical nutrition treatment provided in order to develop a nutrition support protocol for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City. Results: The results showed that weight loss expressed as a percentage of body weight provided a more accurate estimate of the true significance of weight loss in subjects undergoing cancer treatment (chemotherapy) for ALL. A weight loss of greater than 5% of body weight over a period of one month is considered a sign of nutritional deprivation even if the subject is not classified as undernourished by anthropometric parameters. Subjects experienced the highest weight loss during the consolidation phase and interim maintenance phases of treatment. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that pediatric subjects on cancer treatment for ALL at SKMC and receiving nutritional support underwent changes in nutritional status as manifest by a reduction in more than 5% of their body weight during three phases of treatment namely induction, consolidation and interim maintenance. An appropriate nutrition support protocol was developed based on the results and experience obtained from this study for pediatric ALL patients treated at SKMC.
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Lesiapeto, Maemo Seponga. „Factors associated with nutritional status of children aged 0-60 months residing in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces / M.S. Lesiapeto“. Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4363.
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